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{
Team Building
The Road to Success
Copyright: Rinus Michels, Netherlands
Kimmo Haapea
What do you do with football skills and stamina?
Types of Team Building Complexity of Football Limits of Team Building External Factors on the Psychological
Team Building Process Levels of Development Steps in the Development Process Performance Level Value of the Team Building
General Introduction
Introduction2
Leonard Bernstein, conductor, orchestra leader:
General Introduction
Introduction3
”Individually you are very accomplished, but as an orchestra you will have to travel a long and difficult road. You think you have achieved the ultimate level, but the perfection of the orchestra can be taken from 95 to 100 %
Not enough that you play your own instrument correctly, you must also be harmonic with the orchestra
Football coach must think how he/she can create a team that can produce the best possible outcome in difficult (constantly pressurized) situation
No note book The quality of the players The quality of the coach
Anticipation and Decision Making
General Introduction
Introduction4
Constantly changing situation Hundreds of Millions of possibilities during the match Split-second decision making Take into account your team-mates and the opponents Team efficiency vs showing off The aim of the match Outside pressure Money Perfect match?
Pro level, amateur level –any difference in the pressure to succeed?
Pressure to Succeed
General Introduction
Introduction5
Ever higher demands for the peformance level of the team Striving to perfection Team defensive preformance Result: higher demands on attacking and building up -
qualities Individual and team level Structural learning process Academies Awareness of the team tactical effectivity Cohesiveness of the team
Match analyses as the key
Types of Team Building
General Introduction
Introduction 6
Increasing demands and pressure put on the coaches and players
Structural means which help the players perform More speed & higher difficulty level
-> players have to perform at a higher level
Individually and within the team
Players had much more time in the earlier days!
PSYCHOLOGICAL team building process TEAM TACTICAL team building process
Teamwork is as old as the game itself.
Psychological Team Building Process
General Introduction
Introduction 7
Better mentality – better environment for the team tactical team building process
Players’ willingness to work – MOTIVATION! Willingness to win What works today. Is not guaranteed to work tomorrow -> remain alert Changes in the tension level – which factors affect?
-> the coach must stay alert in each training session and feel the atmosphere & ACT ACCORDING TO THE MENTAL ATTITUDE OF THE PLAYERS
Before the game During the game: positive and negative developments
Tact, harshness, continuous improvement Consistent, clear and honest behaviour from the coach!
Obvious approach
The Team Tactical Team Building Process
General Introduction
Introduction8
At least as imortant as mental team building Team tactics a structural process Based on a developed playing style Reguires strucutral training work using clear team tactical
guidelines
Organizational team building
Strategical team building
Tactical team building
Organizational team building
General Introduction
Introduction9
Concerns the guidelines of team organization, team structure and the organizational form (4-4-2, 4-3-3 and so on)
Traffic lights – prevent chaos Every player has a role and function within the team
organization
Conduct through experience Action is taken fast and ”automatically” Too stiff approach?Strategical team building
A series of guidelines how a team or a line or a group defend, build up, or attack
Continuous positioning in relation to each other
Tactical team building
General Introduction
Introduction10
How to prepare team tactically to the match next Saturday?
Which variations do I use?
Based upon specific resistances from a match
Football is complex
Connection between the complexity of the game and the quality of the players
The best players are very clever (~ the up 5 % of the people)
Space and time –dimensions in a match – quick reflection to upcoming situations
In comparison to the business world, space and time –dimensions are different
Complexity Factors of Team Building
General Introduction
Introduction11
Size of the team Unpredictability Roles of the individuals; versatility is expected
Continuous action
Most decisicive demands placed on individual qualities of players
Technically Physically (incl. psychologically) Tactically (insight) Intelligence, fast reaction to altering situations All players are ”quarterbacks”
Played by feet Contact sport Playing time, tempo -> physical
Players are directors
Players’ sport discipline
Team tactically the most demanding sport
Adequate training, team spirit
The Complexity of football is determined by
General Introduction
The size of the team
Individual qualities combined with versatility
Unpredictability: the players have to make quick TEAM EFFICIENT decisions out of several options in ever changing situations
The ball is played with feet
Physical contact sport
The duration of the match The measurements of the field Players’ game team tactically Constant action Tempo
Team tactical guidelines a necessity
Limitations of Succeeding in the Team Building
Every coach attempts to improve his team’s performance by helping to develop an extra team tactical dimension in every player = team efficiency/ by each member of the team
Scoring chances can be created by good team play, but the team needs a player with the ability to score in order to succeed
The same goes with other roles ~ duels
General Introduction
Introduction13
Quality of the players (most important factor) Physics, technics, mentality, tactics
Balance Between defending, building up and attacking
One of the most difficult tasks of the coach
Success Powerful weapon in team building process
Opponent The countermeasures
What worked in the last game won’t necessarily work in the next one
Unpredictability WC 1978
CL Final 1999
LIMITING FACTORS:
General IntroductionLimitations in Succeeding in the Team Building
Luck
External Factors
General Introduction
Introduction 15
Power struggle Between board members, coach and bms, coach and
assistant coach… Self-interest vs the best of the team
Statements Board member, a coach, a player,… The coach must always be on the look-out & focus on
TBP! Only the coach is able to build a team and a team
efficient style of play
-> the coach must have credibility and clear football vision Self-confidence Not the big picture, but the details are what matter
Performance level is never a constant factor Tension between self-interest and the interest of the team
Psychological Team Building Process
All levels
General Introduction
Introduction 16
Levels of Development
Challenges of coaches at all levels
Make players perform better Reach the limits of the performance level of the team Big difference in the potential of all players in the
talent pool-> difference in quality
Coach must possess an adequate technical level (exceptions?)
Theoretical knowledge of the game Theoretical knowledge of the team building process Ability to communicate No more street football – compensation Whoever wins is correct?? Youth football: keeping the players busy vs teaching
the game Organizing the training sessions efficiently Training football realistic situations
General Introduction
Introduction 17
World Class Level of Development
Relationship betw. Team Building and Performance Level
Brazil 1994 In 1970, Brazil used 4-2-4, in 1980s 4-4-2 Also Parreira used 4-4-2 from the preparation on Everyone must take a part in defence, even Romario Few touches during the build up - midfielders Team spirit vs the stars – dream of all the Brazilians
Unity and Team SpiritNo money talk in the team – ”WC bigger than money” No press, family members, agents, fríends to the
training campThe team members could only communicate with each other in the training camp Scrimmages especially helpful
Not the result but the execution what counted
General IntroductionWorld Class Level of Development
Relationship betw. Team Building and Performance Level
Why was Parreira’s 4-4-2 different? Full backs helped in build up Centre backs covered the positionsof full backs The role of defending midfielders in defence and
attack Attackers had to move a lot and go deep Not allowedto play close to each other durin the build
up Had to be able to receive the ball in the flanks and
behind the defensive line Shifts according to the state of possession were
practiced over and over -> by varying the line-up this became familiar
TEAM EFFICIENCY was the key word -> UNITY was clear Compare with Barca of Guardiola
General IntroductionSteps in the Development Process
A rapid development of team tactics in the modern football since 2000- the necessity to win has grown (places in big competitions a.s.o)
When the ball is lost it has to be taken back, everyone is responsible – there are no hiding places
Lightning fast transition from a team function to another, and MOST IMPORTANT is to act in the most team efficient manner in each situation
-> UNITY, no false running -> efficiency- Compare with Barca of Guardiola, or Athletic of Bielsa
- Individual qualities of the players: physical, mental, tactical Good coaching is a must
Team tactical coaching; break the match down and analyze Not enough to rely on experiences as a player Video analyses take hours (Guardiola a.o.)
Still, each player can increase his value to the team by improving his insight
The hardest part: planning and executing the training sessions to serve the team tactical development – most coaches don’t make it
Simulate the match situtations in exercises
Introduction 19
General IntroductionSteps in the Development Process (cont.)
Practise team tactical positional games in a real high tempo Team efficient speed of action
Quality of the individuals Positioning of the teammates
Glue of the team spirit Problem: lack of professionalism of the leading players -> resist the
exercises A good coach demands high tempo and accuracy (game mentality) ->
team spirit If you succeed, t he players will make the exercises as their own Success: when team building process (tactically, psychoogically) is
mastered to the minutest detail A new face as a coach is usually needed after few years, otherwise the
players must be changed periodically (crediblity) Cataloque = frame of reference when regularly working on improving
the perfrormance levelIntroduction 20
General IntroductionPerformance Level
The most negative influences on this: - lack of key players- Lack of success- Negative audience- Too many changes in trainers- Lack of flexibility in relation to a
realistic style of play- Negative internal and external factors
in relation to the team building process
- Budget problems at the club- Wrong coach in a wrong place- Lack of challenges- Youth education does not have a
center stage- Overestimating and
underestimating the opponentIntroduction 21
The individual qualities of the players- As much as possible in
compliance with the team structure and style of play
- Sufficient´ly balanced in game mentality/qualities
- Excellent training qualities- Well developed team building
qualities (mental and team tactical)
The building blocks of the most reachable performance level
Mario Zagallo (att. style of play) Helenio Herrera (def. style of play) Sir Alf Ramsey (the demise of the wing forwards) Rinus Michels (total and pressure football) Franz Beckenbauer (5-3-2) Johan Cruijff (3-4-3) Louis van Gaal (further development of 3-4-3) Sir Alex Ferguson Marcelo Bielsa (argentinian developer of the 4-3-3 -play Jose Mourinho (players coach) Josip ”Pep” Guardiola (dev. total and pressure football)
The Evolution of Football
Evolution22
Introduction Top Coaches
Today’s pressure football - demands team tactical maturity from all players - Total soccer was introduced in the early 70s – now the most applied team
tactical strategy- Pressure football is carried out by 11 players, each player has his own
task (c.)- The aim is to play in the opposite’s side: press and disturb and prevent
build-up as early as possible- Force them to deliver an inaccurate pass or rotate from backwords again to
gain time to get organised- Or get the possession on the opponents’s half and make a quick transition
Especially well developed in Spain and earlier in England
The Evolution of Football
Evolution23
Introduction
Combination play/high quality positional play- ”A must”- Individual qualities - Positioning and timing- Passing and timing- Decision-making- Ball-control: give up the ball soon enough
- Crucial in the build-up
The best team efficient solutions Individual qualities of the players have developed /average level
Higher demands all the time
The Evolution of Football
Evolution24
Introduction
- Team tactical aspects and skills must be taught as early as possible
- High quality coaches- Youth educational system- As a whole
More speed, higher tempo, more pressure in the opposite’s side, less time- Each coach has to be able to develop a personal style of play- Correct balance is required- Ready made style of play- Tactical changes, variations – developed and practiced beforehand
- Entails a lot of training work and tactical talk- Only a skilled coach can do- Theoretically and practically
Incredible difference between the games of the 60’s and 70’s compared to today’s
Especially in the transition and pressing Speed of play
The Evolution of Football
Evolution25
Introduction
- Individual qualities determine the level of performance- High quality coaches- Modern team building mechanism - Difference between friendly matches and competitive
matches
Attacking style of play- Evolution from the 50’s- WC 1970: 4-2-4- Main focus ín building up and attacking functions- Defensively covering of space instead of opponent
- Each player must participate- Pelé, Tostao, Rivelino, Jairzinho
Imitated and developed in Holland, and later in Barcelona, and in the teams of Bielsa Risky style – demands high quality players in every line
Players must have been brought up in this style Lack of Culture Courage from the coaches – FREEDOM (?!) A style of lay must be realistic -> success AT THE TOP Not a product of idealism!
Top-Notch Coaches
Evolution26
Mario Zagallo
”The evolution can be attributed in the influence of a few coaches (and players), who have innovated new dimensios in the game”
- Replaced the classical wing attackers with midfield wingers who had also an attacking task
Top-Notch Coaches
Evolution - history27
Sir Alf Ramsey – the developer of 4-4-2
Franz Beckenbauer : 5-3-2
- Defencive version 5-3-2- Attacking version 3-5-2- Two man-to-man markers in the center - A sweeper who played defensively behind them and offensively in front of them- Defenders in the wings who have duties in the build-up- Must cover the whole field from end line to end line- Cautious style of play- Several possible variations in the build-up and attacking strategies
Total football (Ajax of the 70’s)- Required actions during the build-up and attack to break through the enforced
defenses- The surprise effect continuous changes in positions within and
between the three lines- All players may and must take part in the build-up and attack as long as they
look after their defensive tasks- Very demanding style of play individually and team tactically
- Each player must participate
Top-Notch Coaches
Evolution28
Rinus Michels: total- and pressure football – 4-3-3
Pressure football (Team Holland in the 70’s and ’88) ”The Hunt”- Hunt for the ball, regaining the possession asap- All three lines push up and play close to each other – familiar?- Lots of free space in the own half – vulnerability- Quick transitions when the ball is lost and won - Demands years of team building and choosing players - Demands very much practice of small details – movements and tasks- Positive mentality of each player a PREREQUISITE
More speed, higher tempo, more pressure in the opposite’s side, less time- Each coach has to be able to develop a personal style of play- Correct balance is required- Ready made style of play- Tactical changes, variations – developed and practiced beforehand
- Entails a lot of training work and tactical talk- Only a skilled coach can do- Theoretically and practically
Incredible difference between the games of the 60’s and 70’s compared to today’s
Especially in the transition and pressing Speed of play
The Evolution of Football
Evolution29
Introduction
- Individual qualities determine the level of performance- High quality coaches- Modern team building mechanism - Difference between friendly matches and competitive
matches
The Ground Rules of the Team Tactical Team Building Process
Organizational guidelines Strategical Team Tactical Guidelines Personal Choice Strategical Guidelines Per Team
Function Strategic Team Tactical Guidelines
The Ground Rules of The Team Tactical TeamBuilding -Process
Team Tactical Team Building
Organizational forms Basic Tasks within the Organizational
Form The Balance The Defensive Team Function as The
Starting Point
The Ground Rules of the Team Tactical Team Building Process
Organizational Guidelines
Team Tactical Team Building
The Ground Rules of the Team Tactical Team Building Process
Guidelines for the Play-Making Strategy
Guidelines for the Counter Attack Strategy
Strategic Team Tactical Guidelines
Team Tactical Team Building
Strategic Guidelines per Team Function
Defensive Strategies as the Basis Build Up -Strategies Attacking Strategies
The Ground Rules of the Team Tactical Team Building Process
Harmony Rules of Conduct – On and
Off the Field Team Hierarchy Kingdoms Clear Objectives Common Enemy Culture of the Club Strategy of Confrontation
The Ground Rules of the Psychological TeamBuilding Process
The Ground Rules of the Psychological Team Building Process
The Credibility of the Coach
Consult Situation Communication Training Camps Atmosphere Success Summarizing
Summarizing
The Corporate World The Dream Structural Process Communication Dynamics Credibility Team Spirit Guidelines Leadership
The Ground Rules of the Psychological Team Building Process
The Soccer Learning Process
Guidelines to Each Age Category 5 y old 6-8 y old 10-12 y old 12-14 y old 14-16 y old 16-18 y old 18-21 years old (Final Phase)
Structured Training Sessions Organization Gifted and Non-Gifted
The Soccer Learning Process
Translation to the Training Pitch
General Criteria Organization Most Common Mistakes Made in Team Tactical
Training Activities That Focus on Team Tactical
Assignments Team Tactical Exercises
The Translation to the Training Pitch
Team Tactical Exercises
Defensive Cohesiveness in the Defensive Line While Under Attacking Pressure
The Cogwheels of the Team Tactical Training Mechanism
Destrctive TeamTactical Abilities as an Example of a Tactical Training Activity in Defense
Build Up Team Function
The Translation to the Training Pitch
Perceiving the Value of the TeamBuilding Activities
the Style of Play The Formation of the Team Activities That Focus on Team
Tactical Assignments Make Each Player Fully
Understand his/her role in the squad
Team Tactical Exercises
39
Value added acts
Non-value added acts
Arguments between members of the team
External factors Selfishness Activities Lacking the Team
Building Function Team Tactical Exercises a Coach Just Exposing Himself