Teaching Biomechanics in VCE PE

Dr. Rachael Whittle

Assessment Unit 3Outcome 1 50% Structured questions that draw on

primary data which analyse movement skill using biomechanical and skill acquisition principles.

Outcome 2 25% A laboratory report based on primary data collected during participation in a practical activity, which analyses the relative contribution of energy systems and acute responses to exercise.

25% A response on the energy system interplay, fatigue and/or recovery. (choice of task format)

Kinetic concepts

Newton’s three laws of motion Inertia Mass Force Momentum Impulse

Kinetic conceptsForce

Push or pull• Weight (W=mg)• Gravity • Friction• Air/water resistance

Forces cause objects to accelerate (speed up, slow down or change direction)

Forces are measured in Newtons (N)

Mass Distinguish between

mass and weight DON’Tuse terms interchangeably

Mass is measured in kilograms (kg)

Mass vs weight

Mass is constant (does not change)

Weight is a force (mass x gravity)

Inertia Tendency for an object to resist a

change in its state of motion Golf ball on a tee Cricket ball thrown Skier Barbell/kettle bell

What factors affect the inertia of the object?

Newton’s 1st law of motion Practical activities

to show: Application of force

to change speed and/or direction

What force is changing the speed or direction of the object?

Newton’s 2nd law of motion

Same force different mass

Same mass different force

F=maAcceleration is directly proportional to the force acting and inversely proportional to the mass of the object

force

bigger force bigger acceleration

acceleration

Newton’s 3rd law of motion Forces always come in pairs Identify the forces acting (the two forces

are always in opposite directions) The two forces act on different objects Draw a diagram

Newton’s 3rd law of motion The force of the swimmer pushing off

the wall is equal in size and opposite in direction to the force of the wall pushing on the swimmers feet

The acceleration of the swimmer is caused by the force of the wall on the swimmers feet (F = ma)

If the net force on the swimmer was zero – then there would be no benefit to pushing against the wall

The force applied by the wall to the feet of the swimmer is directly proportional to the acceleration

Momentum

Linear and angular

summationconservationp = mv

Momentum momentum = mass

x velocity Conservation of

momentum Summation of

momentum (kinetic chain)

Consider objects before and after a collision

Analyse a chest pass and an overarm throw• Movement patterns• Velocity of release

Impulse

What variables are involved? Impulse = force x time

What can you control? What are the implications for

performance?

Impulse – momentum relationship Momentum = mass x velocity

• p = mv How is momentum different to inertia?

• A stationary object has inertia but not momentum How can you change an objects momentum?

• Apply a force – the larger the force the greater the change in momentum.

Impulse = force x time• I = Ft

Change in momentum = change in impulse• △Ft = △mv

The greater the impulse the greater the change momentum.

Think catching, shot put, swimming, rowing.....others?

Impulse

Kinematic ConceptsLinear Distance Displacement Speed Velocity Acceleration

Angular Angular distance Angular displacement Angular speed Angular velocity Angular acceleration

Distance vs Displacement

Which term is relevant for the context?

Speed vs velocity

Which has a constant velocity? Why?

Acceleration

https://www.khanacademy.org

Acceleration in sportWhy do sprinters make good bobsled teams?

Applying a force to a given mass will result in the acceleration of the object

Projectile motion• Path of a projectile• Factors affecting the path

• Height of release• Angle of release• Velocity of release

Levers

What is the purpose of the lever system you are using? Increase speed? (3rd class lever) Increase load to be moved? (2nd class lever)

MovementSkill

Qualitative analysis

Biomechanical principles

Skill acquisition principles

Preparation:What do I want to know? What tools will I use? What prior knowledge do I need?

What stage of learning is the is the individual in?What type of skill am I analysing?What type of practice is appropriate?What type of feedback should I provide?

What principles are applicable here?What is the desired outcome of the skill?What variables can I manipulate?

Observation:How will I record my observations? Photo, video, text, audio?Is the skill performed in isolation? During game play? Where should I stand? How far away? Side on? Front on?

Error correction:Is this a technique error? What feedback can I give to correct the error?

Evaluation:What is the problem?What is the cause of the problem?How can the problem be addressed?

Hall, Susan J (2015) Basic Biomechanics 7th edition.

Basic Biomechanics an integrated balance of qualitativeand quantitative examples, applications, and problemsdesigned to illustrate the principles discussed.

With balanced, integrated coverage of applied anatomy,mechanical principles, and relevant sport and dailyliving applications, this text introduces you to thebasics of biomechanics with practical advice onapproaching both qualitative and quantitative problemsin biomechanics.

• ISBN 9780073522760• Publisher: McGraw Hill

Grimshaw, P., et al. (2006) Sport & Exercise Biomechanics

Instant Notes Sport and Exercise Biomechanicsprovides a comprehensive overview of the keyconcepts in exercise and sport biomechanics. Thekinematics of motion are reviewed in detail, outliningthe physics of motion. Mechanical characteristics ofmotion, the mechanisms of injury, and the analysis ofthe sport technique provides a source of valuableinformation.

• ISBN: 9780203488300• Publisher: Taylor and Francis

Blazevich, A. J. (2017) Sport Biomechanics: The Basics, 3rd edition. Sports Biomechanics: The basics answers real-world

questions in sports using easily comprehensiblelanguage and clear and concise diagrams. Eachchapter is devoted to answering questions in a singlearea of sports biomechanics with the scientificunderpinnings of sports performance clearlyexplained. The book is designed to explain the keyconcepts of biomechanics, using clear examples, tyingall theory to practical examples to help students relatethe biomechanics principles to improving in theircoaching and performing.

• ISBN: 9781472917225• Publisher: Bloomsbury

Questions