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8/3/2019 TCIL 14 Evolution of SDH Technology
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EVOLUTION OF SDH
TECHNOLOGY
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PLESIOCHRONOUS
DIGITAL HIERARCHY
(PDH)
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PULSE CODE MODULATION
Voice Frequency ranges upto 4 Khz
Sampling the Voice Signal @ 8 Khz(Double the Max. Frequency)
8 bits per sample
Digital Bit Rate: 8Khz X 8 = 64 Khz
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BUILDING UP THE BASE
STREAM (2MB)
30 Voice Channels @ 64 Khz
One channel for Frame (64 K)
One channel for Signaling (64 K)
Total number of Channels = 32
Bit Rate: 32 X 64 K= 2048 Khz (2Mb)
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PDH BIT RATES
E1-2048 Kbps (2Mb) [30 Voice Channel]
E2-8448 Kbps (8Mb) [120 Voice Channel]
E3-34368 Kbps (34Mb) [480 Voice Channel]
E4-139264 Kbps (140Mb) [1920 Voice Channel]
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PDH HIERARCHY
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PDH PRODUCTS
MULTIPLEXERS:
M12 MUX:4E1 Streams Multiplexed to One E2
M23 MUX:4E2 Streams Multiplexed to One E3
M34 MUX:4E3 Streams Multiplexed to One E4
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PDH PRODUCTS Contd
OPTICAL:
OPTICAL LINE TERMINAL EQUIPMENT (OLTE)-
8Mb, 34Mb, 140Mb.
OPTICAL REGENERATOR EQUIPMENT-
34 Mb,140Mb.
OPTIMUX: SINGLE SHELF CONTAINS BOTH MUX AND OLTE
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ITU RECOMMENDATIONS - PDH
G.701
Vocabulary of digital transmission and multiplexing, and pulse code modulation(PCM) terms
G.702
Digital hierarchy bit rates
G.703
Physical/electrical characteristics of hierarchical digital interfaces
G.704Synchronous frame structures used at 1544, 6312, 2048, 8448 and 44 736 kbit/s
hierarchical levels
G.705
Characteristics of plesiochronous digital hierarchy (PDH) equipment functional
blocks
G.706
Frame alignment and cyclic redundancy check (CRC) procedures relating to basic
frame structures defined in Recommendation G.704
http://www.itu.int/rec/recommendation.asp?type=folders&lang=e&parent=T-REC-G.701http://www.itu.int/rec/recommendation.asp?type=folders&lang=e&parent=T-REC-G.702http://www.itu.int/rec/recommendation.asp?type=folders&lang=e&parent=T-REC-G.703http://www.itu.int/rec/recommendation.asp?type=folders&lang=e&parent=T-REC-G.704http://www.itu.int/rec/recommendation.asp?type=folders&lang=e&parent=T-REC-G.705http://www.itu.int/rec/recommendation.asp?type=folders&lang=e&parent=T-REC-G.706http://www.itu.int/rec/recommendation.asp?type=folders&lang=e&parent=T-REC-G.706http://www.itu.int/rec/recommendation.asp?type=folders&lang=e&parent=T-REC-G.705http://www.itu.int/rec/recommendation.asp?type=folders&lang=e&parent=T-REC-G.704http://www.itu.int/rec/recommendation.asp?type=folders&lang=e&parent=T-REC-G.703http://www.itu.int/rec/recommendation.asp?type=folders&lang=e&parent=T-REC-G.702http://www.itu.int/rec/recommendation.asp?type=folders&lang=e&parent=T-REC-G.7018/3/2019 TCIL 14 Evolution of SDH Technology
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LIMITATIONS IN PDH
Different Standards
Systems operates in its own Clock
Proprietary Coding Mechanisms Making
Inter-Operas Ability of System BetweenDifferent Vendors
Not Transparent
Protection Schemes are not available
Ring, Hub Configuration not possible
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SYNCHRONOUS DIGITAL
HIERARCHY
(SDH)
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WHY SDH?
High Transmission Rates
Simplified Add & Drop Function
High Availability and Capacity Matching Reliability
Future Proof Platform for New Services
Interconnection
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SYNCHRONOUS NETWORK COMPONENTS
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SYNCHRONOUS NETWORK Contd
Regenerators
Terminal Multiplexers
Add-drop Multiplexers
Digital X-Connect
Network Management System
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SDH/ SONET BIT RATES
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MAPPING OF PDH SIGNAL INTO
SDH SIGNAL
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MAPPING OF PDH SIGNAL INTO
SDH SIGNAL Contd..
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CLOCK SUPPLY HIERARCHY
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CLOCK SUPPLY HIERARCHY
Primary Reference Clock (PRC)
Accuracy : 1 x 10-11 ppm
Synchronisation Supply Unit (SSU)Accuracy : 1 x 10-9 ppm
Synchronisation Equipment Clock (SEC)
Accuracy : 4.6 x 10-6 ppm
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AUTOMATIC PROTECTION
SWITCHING(APS)
LINEAR PROTECTION
UNIDIRECTIONAL RINGS
BI-DIRECTIONAL RINGS
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LINE PROTECTION
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UNIDIRECTIONAL RINGS
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BI-DIRECTIONAL RINGS
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GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT IN SDH
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GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT IN SDH
Contd..
PDH
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ITU RECOMMENDATIONS - SDH
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ITU RECOMMENDATIONSSDH
Contd
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DENSE WAVELENGTH
DIVISION MULTIPLEXING
(DWDM)
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DENSE WAVELENGTH DIVISION
MULTIPLEXING
DWDM is a Fiber Optic Transmission
technique that employs light wavelengths
to transmit data Parallel-by-bit or Serial by
Character.
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CHALLENGES IN OPTICAL NETWORKS
Increased service Needs
Fiber exhaust
Layered bandwidth management
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SOLUTIONS
Laying more fiber
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM)
Dense wavelength Division Multiplexing
(DWDM)
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LAYING MORE FIBER
Economic solution where cost of fiberlaying is minimal
May not be able to provide new services orutilize bandwidth management capability
of a unifying optical layer.
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MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUES
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING
(TDM)
Synchronous
Asynchronous
WAVE DIVISION MULTIPLEXING
(WDM)
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TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING
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WAVELENGTH DIVISION
MULTIPLEXING
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INCREASED CAPACITY BY
COMBINING TDM WITH DWDM
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CAPACITY OF TDM AND
TDM & DWDM
CWDM vs DWDM
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CWDM vs DWDM
CHARACTERISTISC COARSE WDM DENSE WDM
CHANNEL SPACING LARGE 2500 Ghz
(20 nm)
SMALL 200 Ghz
(0.8 nm)
NUMBER OF BANDS
USED
O;E;S;C AND L C and L
COST PER CHANNEL LOW HIGH
NUMBER OF
CHANNEL DELIVERED
17 TO 18 HUNDREDS OF
CHANNELS
POSSIBLE
AGGREGATE FIBRECAPACITY
20 TO 40 Gbps 100 TO 1000 Gbps
TRANSMISSION
DISTANCE
UPTO 70 Km UPTO 900 Km
BEST APPLICATION SHORT-HAUL LONG HAUL
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COMPONENTS OF A DWDM SYSTEM
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Transponder
Multiplexer
Fiber
Amplifier
Demultiplexer
Receiver
COMPONENTS OF A DWDM SYSTEM
Contd
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LIMITING FACTORS IN A DWDM SYSTEM
ABBREVATION
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ABBREVATION
PMD-POLORIZATION MODE
DISPERSION
SPM- SELF PHASE MODULATION
XPM- CROSS PHASE MODULATION
FWM- FOUR WAVE MIXING
RAMAN-STIMULATED RAMANSCATTERING
BRILLOUIN-STIMULATED BRILLOUINSCATTERING
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ITU RECOMMENDATIONS - DWDM
G.694.1
Spectral grids for WDM applications: DWDM frequency grid G.694.2
Spectral grids for WDM applications: CWDM wavelength grid
G.695
Optical interfaces for coarse wavelength division
multiplexing applications G.696.1
Intra-domain DWDM applications
G.697
Optical monitoring for DWDM systems
G.698.1
Multichannel DWDM applications with single channel optical
interfaces
METROPOLITAN NETWORKS
http://www.itu.int/rec/recommendation.asp?type=folders&lang=e&parent=T-REC-G.694.1http://www.itu.int/rec/recommendation.asp?type=folders&lang=e&parent=T-REC-G.694.2http://www.itu.int/rec/recommendation.asp?type=folders&lang=e&parent=T-REC-G.695http://www.itu.int/rec/recommendation.asp?type=folders&lang=e&parent=T-REC-G.696.1http://www.itu.int/rec/recommendation.asp?type=folders&lang=e&parent=T-REC-G.697http://www.itu.int/rec/recommendation.asp?type=folders&lang=e&parent=T-REC-G.698.1http://www.itu.int/rec/recommendation.asp?type=folders&lang=e&parent=T-REC-G.698.1http://www.itu.int/rec/recommendation.asp?type=folders&lang=e&parent=T-REC-G.697http://www.itu.int/rec/recommendation.asp?type=folders&lang=e&parent=T-REC-G.696.1http://www.itu.int/rec/recommendation.asp?type=folders&lang=e&parent=T-REC-G.695http://www.itu.int/rec/recommendation.asp?type=folders&lang=e&parent=T-REC-G.694.2http://www.itu.int/rec/recommendation.asp?type=folders&lang=e&parent=T-REC-G.694.18/3/2019 TCIL 14 Evolution of SDH Technology
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METROPOLITAN NETWORKS
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ALL OPTICAL NETWORKS (AON)
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THANK YOU