1TaxonomyWhat’s in a name?

2 Taxonomy

The science of classifying and naming organisms

31. Aristotle

Started the process of classifying or grouping living things

Compared structural similarities and habitat similarities

Created two groups of living things Plants = similarities in stem structure Animals = similarities in habitat = land,

water, air

4

2. Linnaeus, a Swedish biologist

Started a new system based on body form and structureA. Linnaeus first classified organisms into

large groups called kingdoms Kingdoms are broken down into smaller groups

B. Levels of classification (Linnaeus Classification Hierarchy

5 Linnaeus Hierarchy

Domain(few characteristics in common)

Kingdom Phylum

Class

Order Family

Genus

Species (many characteristics in common)

6 Pneumonic Device

Pneumonic devices help you remember order of things

King Philip Came Over For Great Spaghetti

The more levels two organisms share, the more similar the organisms are to one another.

Two organisms of the same species are so similar genetically that they can mate and reproduce fertile offspring

7Kingdom Animalia Animalia Animalia Animalia Animalia

Phylum Chordata Chordata Chordata Chordata Chordata

Class Mammalia Mammalia Mammalia Mammalia Mammalia

Order Carnivora Carnivora Primata Carnivora Carnivora

Family Canidae Felidae Hominidae

Felidae Canidae

Genus Canis Acinonyx Homo Lynx Canis

Species Canis lupus(Grey wolf)

Acinonyx jubatus

(cheetah)

Homo sapien(man)

Lynx rufus(bobcat)

Canis latrans

(coyote)

Which organism listed in the table is least like the others? Which 2 organisms are very closely related?

83. Modern Classification

Modern classification uses 3 domains as a higher level of classification above kingdom

Domain is a group of related kingdomsA. Domain Archaea = Kingdom Archaebacteria

only

B. Domain Bacteria = Kingdom Eubacteria only

C. Domain Eukarya = 4 kingdoms = Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

9 Today classification is based on:

Form and structure Embryo development Chromosome number DNA and amino acid sequence

(proteins)

10 4. Naming living things

Binomial nomenclature A system developed by Linnaeus to eliminate

the use of common names which can be very confusing

Pole cat Binomial = 2 names Nomenclature = naming system Binomial nomenclature = 2 name naming

system Written in Latin

11 Naming living things Example = Homo sapien OR Homo

sapien The first word in the scientific name =

genus name; first letter is always capitalized The second name in a scientific name =

species name; always lower case Both words must be italicized or underlined

Lynx rufus (bobcat)

Taxonomy: Life’s Filing System