TASK 2 Modeling & SimulationFall 2013 Workflow

web software to support decision making in building retrofit projects

Workflow + Case Study: Building101 tools.eebhub.org | developer.eebhub.org

2

4 Platform Tools with different analytical capabilitiesdesigned to engage the owner throughout a building retrofit lifecycle

tools.eebhub.org

buildingowners

buildingdesigners

buildingauditors

buildinganalysts

US

ER

SD

EV

ELO

PER

S

3

Inverse Modeling

Toolkit

Simulation PlatformPEOPLE

Design AdvisorCoolVent

Urban Weather Generator

Portfolio Inverse

Modeling

Benchmarking

Manufacturer Materials

Energy Audit Tool

iPad Audit Tool

Parametric Analysis Toolkit

Retrofit Manager

integrates

4

DATA FLOWamong

INPUTS from interface to platform

RESULTS displayed in interface

platformtools

Simulation PlatformDATA

utility dataweather

typical room shape of building3D geometry,

efficiency measures

INP

UTS

Energy Use Intensity

Benchmark with

EnergyStar, CBECS, EIA,

LEED

Systems Benchmark

OU

TP

UTS

MEASURES >

based on climate/budget

1-5 5-15 30-50 40-50

General SystemComponentsBreakdown

SubSystems Audit

Targeted SubSystem Replacement Investigation

Installation Staging

EUI actual vs. simulatedDaylighting, Airflow, & all EnergyPlus Files

Benchmarking Issues

+ EUI actual

SystemsIssues

SubSystem to refine

5

6

Retrofit Analysis

7

Energy Use Intensity Cooling & Heating & Base Energy

ASHRAE: Custom Equation & Regression for Building

IBM: Overall Envelope R-value, Overall Air Change RateScreened List of Candidate Buildings for Retrofit (through interactive triage)

Comparisons with EPA EnergyStar Score, PNNL Asset ScoreEnergy Conservation Measures by Budget Range, Climate Zone, Building Type

EUI actual

PA

RTIA

L

utility datagross floor areaweather data

LITE Inputs & Outputs

Overall Envelope R-valueOverall Air Change Rate

Candidate Buildings for Retrofit

+overall shape+lat/lon

+window percentage

property import

8

PA

RTIA

L LITE Screenshots

Inverse model calculation of thermal parameters

Simulation on thermal parameters

Benchmarking & Triage for Retrofit candidate

9

Specific list of ECM measures currently available for evaluation with this tool:• %Improvement of overall envelope conduction parameter (R

Value) • %Improvement of overall convection parameter (air exchange

rate)

Additional ECM measures that will be available in December 2013:• %Improvement of wall R-value, window U-value, roof R-value• %Improvement of infiltration

List significant difference of the IBM tool when compared to ASHRAE toolkit for inverse modeling and unique value that this tool is bringing to the retrofit market place: • Energy balance based inverse modeling computes the two key

envelope parameters: • overall envelope conduction parameter (R Value) • overall convection parameter (air exchange rate)

• GIS (geographic information systems) based benchmark and visualization tool allows users to • Compare the energy performance of buildings in a portfolio

and • Screen a set of buildings as candidates for retrofits using the

computed envelope parameters above, building performance indicators and other building characteristics so that the higher level tools (partial, substantial and comprehensive) can focus more on buildings that can substantially save more energy than others through retrofits.

LITE Details

10

Retrofit Analysis

PARTIAL Inputs & Outputs

11

Heating/cooling/lighting energy usage, occupant comfort, indoor air temperature with natural ventilation, room daylight distribution, lifecycle

costs

Retro-commissioning Savings Prediction

System Components that need maintenance or operational Improvements5-15 Low > No Cost Measures

ECM Categories: O&M, Lighting/Daylighting, Plug/Process, Occupant, Envelope, HVAC

SystemsPercentage Breakdown

Irregularities

SU

BS

TA

NTIA

LLIT

E

EUI actual

typical room dimensions

+people, lighting, occupancy densities+windows, floor thermal mass,

insulation

12

SU

BS

TA

NTIA

LLIT

E PARTIAL Screenshots

13

Specific list of ECM measures currently available for evaluation with this tool:• Structural retrofits: roof and wall insulation R-value, multiple

window and glass coating options, multiple thermal mass options• Building controls retrofits: light fixture dimming, heating and

cooling set points, ventilation rates

Additional ECM measures that will be available in December 2013:• Improved natural ventilation simulation by incorporating MIT’s

CoolVent software into Design Advisor engine• Includes neighborhood weather conditions predicted by Urban

Weather Generator• Simplified retro-commissioning energy savings prediction

algorithm based on building type, age and location

List significant difference of the Design Advisor tool when compared to Simergy and unique value that this tool is bringing to the retrofit market place: • Highly intuitive web interface allows first-time users to run a

simulation within minutes• Inputs limited to first-order effects and short simulation time allow

rapid comparison of multiple retrofit options• Includes retro-commissioning estimation based on historic data

for past retro-commissioning before detailed study • Includes weather conditions for specific urban neighborhood

PARTIAL Details

14

Retrofit Analysis

15

shape of buildingHVAC system

occupancy schedules

30-40 Low > Medium Cost Measures

Calibrated Building Schedules, Power, Setpoints, U-values

Impact of AHU supply air temperature on overall energy consumptionallowing users to evaluate potential optimization of system control parameters

ECM Categories: O&M, Lighting/Daylighting, Plug/Process, Occupant, Envelope, HVAC

SubSystem Problem

to focus on

Promising Systems to fix

CO

MP

REH

EN

SIV

EPA

RTIA

L

+Hourly measured data+ AHU supply & return air

temp(energy consumption and

sensor readings of subsystems)

SUBSTANTIAL Inputs & Outputs

iPad App to collect audit offline

Lighting ConsumptionElectricity Consumption

16

iPad App

CO

MP

REH

EN

SIV

EPA

RTIA

L SUBSTANTIAL Screenshots

17

Specific list of ECM measures currently available for evaluation with this tool:• 40 calibrated values (left table)• 47 energy conservation measures (right

table)

Additional ECM measures that will be available in December 2013:• No additional measures

List significant difference of the Retrofit Analysis tool when compared to SimuWatt & unique value that this tool is bringing to the retrofit market place: • Simpler data collection

• Rapid analysis• Automated ECM evaluations

SUBSTANTIAL DetailsCALIBRATED VALUES (40)

Total Zone Fan Rated Power

Chilled Water Pump Power

Hot Water Pump Power

Condenser Pump Power

Aircooled Condenser/ Cooling Tower Rated Capacity

Aircooled Condenser/Cooling Tower Power Consumption

Efficiency of Hot Water System

COP of Refrigeration System

COP of Primary Cooling

Efficiency/COP of Primary Heating

Design Heating Supply Temperature

Design Cooling Supply Temperature

Design Preheat Temperature

Cooling Coil Design Leaving Temperature

Cooling Set Point

Cooling Set Back

Heating Set Point

Heating Set Back

Interior Lighting Power Density

Refrigeration Power Density

Leakage Rate

Fraction of exterior glass

Uwall

Uroof

Ratio of internal wall perimeter/building perimeter

Window Transmitivity

Window U value

Window Solar Heat Gain Coeff

Window internal film resistance

Window external film resistance

Number of occupants

Ground U Value

Hot water usage rate

Equip Power Density

HVAC Supply and Return Fan Power

Adjusted Schedule

Adjusted Light Schedule

Temperature Of The Hot Deck

Minimum VAV damper position (%)

MaxCFM - CFM while occupied

MinCFM - CFM while unoccupied

ENERGY CONSERVATION MEASURES (47)

WeatherizationOccupancy SensorsUpgraded Lighting

Daylight-based Dimming

Added Daylight

Light Shelves

Proper Space SetpointsSupply Air Temperature Reset -

Optimal ControlUnderfloor Ventilation

Demand Control Ventilation

Static Pressure Reset

TreesActive External Shading

Upgraded Windows

Cool RoofWaterside Economizer

Airside Energy RecoveryChillerplant OptimizationTankless Waterheating

Condensing BoilerSolar Heating

Natural VentilationNatural Ventilation PrecoolingAbsorption Chiller With SWH

Night Ventilation Precooling

Fan With VFDEvaporative Indirect CoolingDirect Evaporative CoolingGround Source Heat Pump

Radiant Cooling / Heating with Displacment Ventilation

Dessicant Dehumidification With SWH

Efficient EquipmentGreen Roof

Upgraded Insulation

Heatingplant Optimization

Airside EconomizerHVAC Equipment Upgrade

VAV Control RetrofitChilled Water Loop Pump - Variable

FlowHot Water Loop Pump - Variable Flow

Condenser Water Loop Pump - Variable Flow

Chilled Water Loop Pump - VFDHot Water Loop Pump - VFD

Condenser Water Loop Pump - VFDSet point temperature scheduling

Ventilation Scheduled with Occupancy (MaxCFM / MinCFM)

Ventilation according to ASHRAE

18

Retrofit Analysis

building shape air tightness level

typical room on each facade

40-80 Low > High Cost Measures with Retrofit Staging Timeline

DAYSIM: Shade ScheduleLighting Shade Schedule, Spatial Daylight Autonomy, Critical Point Illuminance,

Occupancy Sensors

CONTAM airflow, EnergyPlus energy use (heating/cooling)+ all files (.idf, .rad, .sql) for experts

ECM Categories: Lighting/Daylighting, Plug/Process, Occupant, Envelope, HVAC

19

+owner desiredenergy conservation measuresBuilding Component Library

SU

BS

TA

NTIA

L COMPREHENSIVE Inputs & Outputs

+3D geometry import

20

Daylight Data File

by Orientation

Hourly Shade

Operation Schedule

Hourly Lighting Power

Fraction

(representative spaceson each orientation)

Annual Zone

Lighting Energy & Savings

Building Energy Performance

with Integrated Daylighting Controls,

Airflow, and Contaminant

Transport Impacts

Airflow Calculation

OpenStudio input file created

COMPREHENSIVE Daylighting, Airflow, Energy

21

SU

BS

TA

NTIA

L COMPREHENSIVE Screenshots

Building101 Example http://128.118.67.241/tools.eebhub.org/

energy-use.php

22

Specific list of ECM measures currently available for evaluation with this tool:• Lighting upgrade (EEM Example)

Additional ECM measures that will be available in December 2013:• HVAC: Economizer, Condensing Boiler, More efficient DX cooling

system, On demand hot water heaters, Hot water tank insulation• Envelope: Window replacement , Wall insulation • Lighting & Daylighting: CFL lighting , Daylight harvesting

List significant difference of the RMT tool when compared to Asset Rating Tool (including the operational score) & unique value that this tool is bringing to the retrofit market place: • Integrate E+, Daysim, and CONTAM to provide accurate

simulations• Daysim: accuracy, daylighting analysis• CONTAM integration (via OpenStudio): airflow and contaminant

transport impacts, IAQ technology assessment• Building geometry import: Precise thermal zone, load scheduling • Include best practices from the USGBC database analyses to set

realistic expectations for the upper-limit of building performance• Capacity to sequence measures to integrate into long term capital

& maintenance plans

COMPREHENSIVE Details

23

Simulation Process Architecture

Portfolio Inverse

Modeling

Building Component

Library

Benchmarking

Comparison

Feasibility Assessment

System Developme

nt

System Analysis

Benchmarking- Utility Data

Entry- Building Type

Comparison- Individual ECM

Evaluation- Inverse

Analysis

Feasibility:- On site data

collection - Baseline

Analysis- Individual ECM

Evaluation

Schematics:- System

Options - Space by

Space Load Analysis

- Detailed Feasibility

- ECM Evaluation

System Analysis:- Detailed ECM

evaluation- System design

refinement- Systems

interdependency study

- Control Strategy

ENERGY CONSERVATION MEASURES

Envelope- Roof- Glazing- Enclosure- Insulation

HVAC Loads- Heating- Cooling- Energy Recovery- Domestic Water

Indoor Environmental Quality- DCV- Dedicated Outdoor Air- Infiltration

Lighting- Daylighting- Sensors- Controls- Artificial Lighting

Alternative Energy- Solar Hot Water- Solar / PV- Geothermal- Wind

Design Advisor

Energy Audit

Tool

Inverse Modeling

Toolkit

Datahub

Simulation Platform DB

Energy Asset Score

Feasibility Analysis

Initial Costs

ECM Material & Lobor Costs

Design & Construction Fee

Lifecycle

Energy Costs

Model

Vie

ws

Pro

cess

iPad Audit Tool

CAPTURE COMMUNICATE

Policy Visualization

Building Dashboards

Researcher Visualization

Public Access Data

Experiential

Audit MVD

Rela

ted

D

OE

Eff

ort

s

ANALYZE

Design Visualization

Daylighting MVD

Energy MVD

Airflow MVD

Simulation Process Architecture

Pla

tform

MVD

Web Data

Inte

gra

tive

Desi

gn

S

tan

dard

Pro

cess

(A

NS

I)

OpenStudio

EnergyPlus

OpenStudio

EnergyPlus

Parametric Analysis

KEY EEB Hub Related DOE

EffortsExplanations

25

Narrative

26

Simulation PlatformNarrative

The EEB HUB simulation platform is cloud-based software to support decision making in building retrofit projects. Currently, four different levels of retrofits are envisioned including light, partial, substantial and comprehensive. Each of these levels involves simulation tools with different level of complexity, so the output recommended measures for building retrofits have different levels of complexity as well. Specifically, the recommended measures do not necessarily have to be the same for each tool because measures differ by how easily a sub-system performance can be picked out from the rest of the building, the measure cost, the reliability or variance in measure savings, and the degree of skill needed to analyze or carry out a measure.

Name: “Lite” or “Benchmark”Users: Building ownersTarget building stock: All commercial buildings, besides special usesDeveloper: ASHRAE Inverse modeling toolkit, IBM Inverse ModelGoal: To identify overall building performance and benchmark its retrofit potential and screen (i.e. triage) a set of candidate buildings for retrofits. The overall building performance indicators computed includes EUI (overall, heating, cooling), breakdown of overall energy into heating, cooling and base energy. Overall envelope conduction parameter (R Value) and convection parameter (air exchange rate) are computed through inverse modeling. The simulation tool computes the energy savings impact of improved parameters (i.e., retrofits). The GIS (geographic information systems) based visualization and benchmarking tool allows users to compare the energy performance of buildings in a portfolio and screen a set of buildings as candidates for retrofits using the computed parameters, building performance indicators and other building characteristics. The screened set of buildings can be inputted to the higher level tools (partial, substantial and comprehensive) for more detailed modeling of retrofits. Using the screened buildings, the higher level tools can focus more on the buildings that can substantially save more energy than others through retrofits.Measures: (1-5) Basic, generic O&M measures, low/no cost in broad categories. Recommend measure categories for further analyses.

27

Name: “Partial” or “Systems Benchmark”Users: Building designersTarget building stock: All commercial buildings, besides special usesDeveloper: MIT Design Advisor ToolGoal: To refine broad categories into components of buildings systems to be investigated. Identify components that may need maintenance or operational improvements. These can be identified by the discrepancy in performance of building sub-systems in DAT (forward model); if a system is using way more than projected by DAT, it may likely be an operational or equipment malfunction. This level will also recommend measures for small commercial buildings that cannot afford an audit. Break out further sub-systems that may have lucrative savings opportunities into these categories:O&MLighting, DaylightingPlug & Process (subgroups?)OccupantEnvelope (walls, roofs, fenestration breakout?)“H” of HVAC“V” of HVAC“AC” of HVAC(Include comparison of HVAC distribution vs. equipment performance?)Measures: (5-15) O&M/Retro-commissioning measures that are low-no cost, as identified by discrepancy between tools. (20-40) low-medium cost measures with high likelihood for savings. Recommend high-cost measures or measures with highly variable savings for further analysis.  

Simulation PlatformNarrative

28

Name: “Substantial” or “SubSystems Audit”Users: Building auditorsTarget building stock: Medium commercial buildings and small commercial buildings with potential large savings opportunitiesDeveloper: UTRC model & PSU data collection for Energy Audit ToolGoal: The goal at this level is to take the sub-systems analysis from the previous tools, and use that information to target building sub-systems to further investigate. The audit will be to capture remaining O&M issues, building geometry and zoning, building control and occupancy schedule, operational strategy, controls, and equipment capacity and efficiencies (eg, lighting density and type, equipment sizes on largest equipment, R-values and wall/window/roof types). The auditor can collect particular data for promising sub-systems, eg. window geometry, shading, etc. for daylighting analysis. The audit is only a “snap-shot” in time, so the auditor won’t be able to tell how the building changes in operation between days (weekday vs. weekend) and between seasons. The categories of measures here are:O&MLighting, DaylightingPlug & Process (subgroups?)OccupantEnvelope (walls, roofs, fenestration breakout?)“H” of HVAC“V” of HVAC“AC” of HVACMeasures: Identify and recommend O&M, retro-commissioning measures, control schedule, and related changes, particularly ones that may be more expensive than the previous tool. (30-50) low-medium cost measures and high-cost measures with reliable savings. Recommend high-cost measures with large potential for savings, but have highly variable savings, for further analysis.

Simulation PlatformNarrative

29

Name: “Comprehensive” or “Longitudinal Systems Analysis and Integrated Planning”Users: Building analystsTarget building stock: Medium commercial buildings with potential for major savings opportunities, or facilities with a dedicated facility manager that can manage a strategic retrofit planDeveloper: PSU and UMd Retrofit Manager ToolGoal: To rigorously evaluate the savings potential for several possible energy efficiency measures, and to coordinate measures into a retrofit management plan. The tool will start by asking which measures to investigate first, rather than asking for building information. Most of the default data should already be processed from the audit. Once EEMs are selected, the tool will ask further highly specific information on that sub-system or component to improve model accuracy. For example, HVAC measures will probably need mechanical drawings and equipment specifications, and HVAC zoning. Daylighting measures will need information on window placement, shading, glazing type, luminance levels, room layout from a BIM model, and schedules. The tool will provide the output capability for an .idf and other files so that experienced energy auditors, engineers, and facility energy mangers can get the full functionality of energy simulation tools. The categories are the same as the previous tool, without O&M, however the distinction is that the categories are organized by EEMs, rather than listing building data needed for an accurate model. Lighting, DaylightingPlug & Process (subgroups?)OccupantEnvelope (walls, roofs, fenestration breakout?)“H” of HVAC“V” of HVAC“AC” of HVACMeasures: (40-80) measures, including high-cost measures that have been further analyzed. Focus capacity on staging of retrofit measures to reduce capital cost of eventual HVAC equipment replacement. Provide enhanced costing and budgeting features.

Simulation PlatformNarrative