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Abductive Workflow Mining Using Binary Resolution on Task Successor Rules. Scott Buffett National Research Council Canada University of New Brunswick RuleML 2008 Orlando, Florida, October 30, 2008. B. A. C. E. D. Workflow Mining. Transaction log containing a number of events - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Abductive Workflow Mining Using Binary Resolution on Task Successor Rules
Scott BuffettNational Research Council Canada
University of New Brunswick
RuleML 2008
Orlando, Florida, October 30, 2008
2
Workflow Mining
• Transaction log containing a number of events
• Each event is labeled by a task and a case
• Tasks executed a case give a trace
• ABCE, ABDE, ACBE, ADBE
A E
B
C
D
Task CaseA 1A 2A 3C 3B 1B 2A 4B 3D 2C 1E 1B 4D 4E 2E 3E 4
3
Using Workflow to Measure Compliance
• Compare observed activity with accepted model
• ACDE?
• If discrepancies exist, behavior may be non-compliant
A E
B
C
D
4
Problems with Using Workflow
• Detected non-compliant behaviour does not imply inappropriate activity
• Behaviour might be OK, but not captured during workflow mining
• Workflow model not 100% accurate
• Errors in task / case labelings
• Noise
• Process may have evolved or changed
5
Solution
• Identify the tasks that are of high importance
• Example process: Bank loan application– A: Enter financial data
– B: Access credit report
– C: Process loan application form
– D: Process pre-approved loan form
– E: Approve loan
– F: Reject loan application
• Cases observed: ABCE, ABCF, ADE
A
B
D
F
E
C
Task B: Access credit report
6
Abductive Workflow Mining
• Reduce the problem to mining workflow that necessarily implies that the critical activity must be executed
• We call this “abductive workflow”
A
B
D
F
E
C
Presence of task C (process loan application
form) implies B
9
Finding Desirable Workflows
• Task successor rules
• Indicate activity that immediately follows certain tasks
• Example workflow traces:– PQR, PRS, RMN, TVQ
• Critical activity: R
10
Divide Positive and Negative Traces
Traces: PQR, PRS, RMN, TVQ, Critical: R
• Positive traces: PQR, PRS, RMN
• Negative traces: TVQ
11
Remove Critical Activity
Traces: PQR, PRS, RMN, TVQ, Critical: R
• Positive traces: PQR, PRS, RMN• Remove critical activity: PQ, PS, MN
• Negative traces: TVQ
12
Add Dummy Tasks
Traces: PQR, PRS, RMN, TVQ, Critical: R
• Positive traces: PQR, PRS, RMN• Remove critical activity: PQ, PS, MN• Add dummy tasks: PQw’, PSw’, MNw’
• Negative traces: TVQ
• Add dummy tasks: TVQw0’
13
Task Successor Rules
• One for every subsentence in positive traces (except w’)
• Positive: PQw’, PSw’, MNw’
• Negative: TVQw0’
• Rules:
P -> Q, S Q -> w’, w0’
S -> w’ M -> N
N -> w’ PQ -> w’
PS -> w’ MN -> w’
14
Finding Abductive Workflows
• Convert to CNF
~P, Q, S ~Q, w’, w0’
~S, w’ ~M, N
~N, w’ ~P, ~Q, w’
~P, ~S, w’ ~M, ~N, w’
• Binary resolution, generate clauses where w’ is the only positive literal
P -> w’
~PQS
~Sw’~PSw’
~P~Qw’
~Pw’
15
Finishing the Example
• Complete set of abductive traces:– P, S, M, N, PS, MN, PQ
• Task-minimal abductive traces:– P, S, M, N
• Complete workflows:– {P,M}, {P,N}, {P,M,N}, {P,S,M}, {P,S,N}, {P,S,M,N}
• Complete, trace-minimal:– {P,M}, {P,N}
PQR, PRS, RMN
TVQ
16
Results
• Test size reduction of abductive workflows• Uses a naïve method for finding abductive workflows, complete
but not necessarily minimal• Thus provides a lower bound on size reduction• Mines entire workflow and extracts abductive workflow • Ran on example log files accompanying ProM software
Our Miner Alpha Miner
Statistic (Avg) Orig. Workflow Abd. Workflow Orig. Workflow Abd. Workflow
# of transitions 156.2 37.2 12.0 5.6
# of arcs 318.6 77.0 33.2 15.6
17
Conclusions
• Abductive workflows provide a condensed model, adequate for validating particular critical activity
• Mitigate a number of problems inherent in compliance checking
• Rules can help determine such workflows, with desirable properties
• Potential for significant decreases in size of workflow model was demonstrated