TAPPI...8/25/2007 Nano-Composite Polymer Optical Coatings Vampire Optical Coatings, Inc. Tom Faris [email protected] 2007 PLACE Conference September 16-208/25/2007 Introduction What

8/25/2007 www.v-coat.com

NanoNano--Composite Polymer Optical CoatingsComposite Polymer Optical Coatings

Vampire Optical Vampire Optical Coatings, Inc.Coatings, Inc.Tom FarisTom [email protected]@copper.net

2007 PLACE Conference

September 16-20

St Louis, MO

8/25/20078/25/2007 www.vwww.v--coat.comcoat.com

IntroductionIntroductionWhat is a nanoWhat is a nano--composite polymer coating?composite polymer coating?•• Our Definition: A coating that has some volume fraction Our Definition: A coating that has some volume fraction

of inorganic nanoof inorganic nano--particles dispersed within the coating, particles dispersed within the coating, such that, the physical, optical and/or electrical such that, the physical, optical and/or electrical properties are modified. Also known as a ceramer (i.e. a properties are modified. Also known as a ceramer (i.e. a ceramic polymer)ceramic polymer)

•• Types:Types:Si0x modified coatingsSi0x modified coatings

•• abrasion resistance improvement (2 to 3x)abrasion resistance improvement (2 to 3x)

Antimony tin oxide/indium tin oxide modified coatingsAntimony tin oxide/indium tin oxide modified coatings•• selective transmission/heat rejection coatingsselective transmission/heat rejection coatings•• ElectroElectro--static dissipative coatingsstatic dissipative coatings

Zirconium oxide modifiedZirconium oxide modified•• High refractive index coatingsHigh refractive index coatings•• Index matching coatingsIndex matching coatings


IntroductionIntroductionReflectanceReflectance•• Light transmission = LTLight transmission = LT•• Reflectance = RReflectance = R

Comprised of specular and diffuse reflectionComprised of specular and diffuse reflection•• R(%) = %R (specular) + %R (diffuse)R(%) = %R (specular) + %R (diffuse)

•• Absorbance = AbsAbsorbance = Abs%LT = 100 %LT = 100 -- R(%) R(%) –– Abs(%)Abs(%)

•• Fresnel Reflectance Fresnel Reflectance –– i.e. mirror likei.e. mirror likeR(%) per side = ([(R(%) per side = ([(ηηdd –– 1)/(1)/(ηηdd +1)]+1)]22)*100)*100

•• Diffuse ReflectanceDiffuse ReflectanceLight scattered more than 2 degrees from the Light scattered more than 2 degrees from the observer angle (ASTM D1003)observer angle (ASTM D1003)


IntroductionIntroduction

Why does reflectance matter?Why does reflectance matter?•• Reflectance reduces the contrast of a Reflectance reduces the contrast of a

displaydisplayDecease in readability of displayDecease in readability of display

•• Lower black level & higher background Lower black level & higher background ‘‘noisenoise’’•• Conductive traces in projected capacitive displays very Conductive traces in projected capacitive displays very

apparent against nonapparent against non--conductive areasconductive areas

Exacerbated as number of interfaces increases Exacerbated as number of interfaces increases Interfacial ReflectanceInterfacial Reflectance

•• Happens every time refractive index changesHappens every time refractive index changes•• Proportional to change in refractive indexProportional to change in refractive index


IntroductionIntroductionHow is a displayHow is a display’’s contrast improved?s contrast improved?•• AntiAnti--Glare filmGlare film

Comprised of an irregular surface that scatters reflections Comprised of an irregular surface that scatters reflections •• Reduces specular reflectanceReduces specular reflectance•• Increases diffuse reflectanceIncreases diffuse reflectance

•• AntiAnti--Reflection FilmReflection FilmMultiMulti--layer vacuum deposited dielectric materials layer vacuum deposited dielectric materials

•• Destructive interference of lightDestructive interference of light•• Excellent performance, very expensive due to slow rates and Excellent performance, very expensive due to slow rates and

ultra vacuum requirementsultra vacuum requirementsWet Applied low reflectance coatingsWet Applied low reflectance coatings

•• Good performance, lower cost (fluoro coatings)Good performance, lower cost (fluoro coatings)•• Index Matching coatings (touch panels)Index Matching coatings (touch panels)

Vacuum deposited dielectric multiVacuum deposited dielectric multi--layerslayers•• Reduces R(%) & increases LT (%)Reduces R(%) & increases LT (%)•• Excellent performance, expensive due to slow rates and ultra Excellent performance, expensive due to slow rates and ultra

vacuum requirementsvacuum requirements


IntroductionIntroductionProduction techniques Production techniques •• Vacuum deposited AR (Sputtering, PVD, PECVD(?))Vacuum deposited AR (Sputtering, PVD, PECVD(?))

Requires an ultra vacuumRequires an ultra vacuumSlow rate due to thick layers of inorganic oxidesSlow rate due to thick layers of inorganic oxidesRequires additional antiRequires additional anti--smudge layersmudge layer

•• SolSol--Gel Dip Deposited AntiGel Dip Deposited Anti--ReflectionReflectionLarge tanks with low usage rateLarge tanks with low usage rateVibration sensitiveVibration sensitiveAdditional antiAdditional anti--smudge layer necessarysmudge layer necessary

•• Low refractive index fluoro monomer/polymerLow refractive index fluoro monomer/polymerAtmospheric production using traditional rollAtmospheric production using traditional roll--toto--roll wet roll wet coating techniquescoating techniquesAntiAnti--smudge layer inherentsmudge layer inherentAdequate performance with lower cost (~1/3 vacuum)Adequate performance with lower cost (~1/3 vacuum)


Figure 1: Resistive Touch Panel ReflectionsFigure 1: Resistive Touch Panel Reflections

R1R2R3

R4R5

R1 = 5.0%

R2, R3 = 10 to 12%

R4 = 5.0 %

Rtotal = ~ 30 % of ambient light

PET film

ITO

display


Table 1: NanoTable 1: Nano--Particle Coating Dispersions & PropertiesParticle Coating Dispersions & Properties

CoatingCoating Wt% Wt% nanonano--particleparticle

Metal Metal Oxide Oxide TypeType

Size Size (nm)(nm)

AppearanceAppearance Refractive Refractive index index (550nm)(550nm)

VHxVHx 80.080.0 Zr0Zr022mixedmixed

2020 Dry coating is Dry coating is shiny & clearshiny & clear

Up to Up to 2.0252.025

VHxVHx--CC 85.085.0 ATOATO 1515 Clear Clear gray/greengray/green

1.74551.7455

VHxVHx--SS 55.055.0 SbSb220055 3030 Dry coating is Dry coating is shiny & clearshiny & clear

1.68351.6835

IM002.15IM002.15 25.025.0 Si0Si022 2020 ClearClear 1.4851.485

IMESD07IMESD07 70.070.0 ATOATO 1515 Gray/GreenGray/Green 1.6851.685


Film StructureFilm Structure PET Film3.0 micron HC

CB

A

IDID AA BB CC %LT%LT %Haze%Haze %R(Y)%R(Y) %R%Ravg(450 avg(450 to 650nm)to 650nm)

PETPET N/AN/A N/AN/A N/AN/A 8989 <1.00<1.00 >5.00>5.00 >5.00>5.00

1251S1251S N/AN/A IM002 IM002 (95nm)(95nm)

VHx VHx (80nm)(80nm)

>93>93 <1.00<1.00 1.401.40 2.002.00

751H751H MHC MHC (95nm)(95nm)

Ti02 Ti02 (18nm)(18nm)


>93>93 <1.00<1.00 0.800.80 <1.00<1.00

IMARIMAR ITO ITO (22nm)(22nm)

IM002 IM002 (45nm)(45nm)


>91>91 <1.00<1.00 N/AN/A N/AN/A

LRLR N/AN/A Fluoro Fluoro (100nm)(100nm)


>93>93 1.001.00 1.501.50


Results & DiscussionResults & Discussion

High Refractive Index Coatings (VHx)High Refractive Index Coatings (VHx)•• HybridAR coatings (VAR 751H):HybridAR coatings (VAR 751H):

Design: Air/UV acrylate/Ti0Design: Air/UV acrylate/Ti022/VHx/HC PET/VHx/HC PET•• VHx acts as buffer layer in designVHx acts as buffer layer in design•• Provides broad band AR with only 1 sputtered Provides broad band AR with only 1 sputtered

dielectric layerdielectric layer•• Eliminates several thick sputtered layersEliminates several thick sputtered layers•• AntiAnti--fingerprint layer step eliminatedfingerprint layer step eliminated•• High abrasion and chemical resistanceHigh abrasion and chemical resistance

Good adhesion of sputtered layers in VHx Good adhesion of sputtered layers in VHx layerslayers


Results & DiscussionResults & DiscussionHigh Refractive Index Coatings (VHx)High Refractive Index Coatings (VHx)•• Index Matched ITO CoatingsIndex Matched ITO Coatings

Design: Air/ITO/IM002/VHx/PETDesign: Air/ITO/IM002/VHx/PET•• Light transmission is increased as compared to Light transmission is increased as compared to

standard ITO coated film (>91.0% vs. mid 80standard ITO coated film (>91.0% vs. mid 80’’s)s)Comparable performance with vacuum deposited Comparable performance with vacuum deposited ‘‘index matchingindex matching’’ layerslayersSeveral thick vacuum deposited layers are Several thick vacuum deposited layers are eliminatedeliminated

•• Reduced cost of productionReduced cost of production•• Possible to selectively enhance transmission, Possible to selectively enhance transmission,

minimize change in contrast between coated and minimize change in contrast between coated and nonnon--coated areascoated areas


Results & DiscussionResults & DiscussionHigh Refractive Index Coatings (VHx)High Refractive Index Coatings (VHx)•• Low Reflectance Coatings (VAR 1251S)Low Reflectance Coatings (VAR 1251S)

Design: Air/IM002/VHx/HC PETDesign: Air/IM002/VHx/HC PET•• High transmissionHigh transmission•• Low reflectance (high reflected color)Low reflectance (high reflected color)•• Excellent durabilityExcellent durability•• Simple constructionSimple construction


Results & DiscussionResults & DiscussionLow Refractive Index Coatings (IM002)Low Refractive Index Coatings (IM002)•• Si0x (20 to 40 wt%) in dry coatingSi0x (20 to 40 wt%) in dry coating

UV curableUV curable

•• Abrasion resistant coatingsAbrasion resistant coatingsHigh clarity, excellent abrasion resistanceHigh clarity, excellent abrasion resistance

•• Low index coating for IMAR and 1251SLow index coating for IMAR and 1251SVery thin layers possibleVery thin layers possible

•• High transmission, good uniformityHigh transmission, good uniformity

Tunable surface energyTunable surface energy•• multimulti--layer stacks possiblelayer stacks possible•• Excellent adhesion of sputtered layers to IM002Excellent adhesion of sputtered layers to IM002•• AFP surface possibleAFP surface possible

Results & DiscussionResults & DiscussionOther Coatings/CombinationsOther Coatings/Combinations•• Antimony Tin Oxide and/or Antimony Tin Oxide and/or

Indium Tin Oxide NanoIndium Tin Oxide Nano--CompositesComposites

Infrared blocking Infrared blocking filters/coatingsfilters/coatings

•• Absorption basedAbsorption based•• MultiMulti--layer reflective heat layer reflective heat

mirrors (55 % reflectance at mirrors (55 % reflectance at 950nm)950nm)

ElectroElectro--Static Dissipative Static Dissipative Coatings (ESD)Coatings (ESD)

•• >10(7) Ohms/square>10(7) Ohms/square•• High Abrasion resistanceHigh Abrasion resistance•• Permanent ESDPermanent ESD

8/25/20078/25/2007www.vwww.v--coat.comcoat.com


ConclusionsConclusions

NanoNano--Composite Polymer CoatingsComposite Polymer Coatings•• Are useful as substitutes forAre useful as substitutes for•• or asor as…………..•• ComplimentsCompliments to vacuum deposited inorganic to vacuum deposited inorganic

metal oxidesmetal oxidesFacilitates substantial productivity improvementsFacilitates substantial productivity improvementsUses conventional rollUses conventional roll--toto--roll wet coating equipmentroll wet coating equipment

•• Coated materials produced, to date, exhibit Coated materials produced, to date, exhibit excellent optical properties, mechanical excellent optical properties, mechanical properties and temperature/humidity properties and temperature/humidity resistance.resistance.


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Vampire Optical Vampire Optical Coatings, Inc.Coatings, Inc.Tom FarisTom [email protected]@copper.net

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TAPPI...8/25/2007 Nano-Composite Polymer Optical Coatings Vampire Optical Coatings, Inc. Tom Faris [email protected] 2007 PLACE Conference September 16-208/25/2007 Introduction What