Issue 03 | April 2007 journal - Coatings Evonikcoatings.evonik.com/product/coatings/Documents/Smart-Formulation... · Dispersion of AEROSIL® R 9200 Structurally modiﬁ ed AEROSIL®

Crosslinkers

How to Improve Poor Drying 2of High Solids 2K PUR CoatingsNew Developments for 4Aluminum Components Open Windows for the Imagination

Coloring

New Readily Dispersible Pigment 6Preparations in Granulate Form for Coating and Printing Ink Applications

Advantages of SIPERNAT® 820 A 9in Emulsion Paints and Matted Decorative Alkyd Paints

New AEROSIL® Dispersions for 1More Scratch Resistant Coatings

TEGO® Dispers 685 5

Additives Raw Materials for Resins

Expanded Methacrylate 5Capacities in the USA

Degussa Sets Up Integrated 8Production Network for Methacrylate

Specialty Methacrylate Monomer 8for Improved Mechanical Strength

Resins

SILIKOPON® 1Alcohol-Resistant Plastic Coatings 2 with DEGALAN®Tego ADDID® 2000 in Offset Inks 5SIVO® Sol Technology 8Dynasylan SIVO 121 8Degussa Presents Liquid Synthetic 8Resins for the fi rst Time Ever

The coatings sector is one of Degussa‘s key markets.

We currently generate more than 10 percent of our

worldwide sales revenues in this innovative and

dynamic market segment, and the percentage is

increasing. This ties in well with our own aims. Indeed,

we want to ratchet things up a bit higher and grow at

an above-average rate. This is why one of the four key

growth areas we‘ve defi ned is Coatings and Adhesive Ingredients.

We are taking concrete steps to achieve this growth. We are, for example, investing

the bulk of inter-BU research funds in the projects of our Coatings Industry Team. The

team‘s work is supported by a long established network of researchers and technical

service staff from our Coating and Bonding expertise fi eld. The Industry Team does

more than identify current and future market trends: starting with the building blocks

of Degussa‘s product range, we use coating raw materials from our business units to

develop packages optimally tailored to our customers’ requirements. In this way we

address customer needs in keeping with our “solutions to customer” philosophy, and

back up Degussa’s claim of “creating essentials.”

The third issue of our Smart Formulating Journal once again gives you an overview

of the breadth of our product range for the coatings market. At the same time, we

also want to keep you abreast of the latest development trends and innovations. We

welcome your comments, and look forward to what we hope will be a continuing and

intensive dialog.

Yours truly,

Dr. Manfred Spindler,

Member of the Managing Board of Degussa GmbH

EditorialDear Reader,Dear Reader,Dear ReaderNew AEROSIL® Dispersions for

More Scratch Resistant Coatings

A D D I T I V E S

Continued on page 2

Our customers will soon be able to effectively uti-lize these performance advantages worldwide as Degussa launches another innovation: “VP Disp. CO 1030“ – a 30 % dispersion of AEROSIL® R 9200 in 1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate (MPA).

AEROSIL® in the Coatings IndustryFumed silicas (AEROSIL®) are known in the coat-ings industry particularly for rheology control in

In two-component PUR or high-solids clearcoat systems, the scratch resistance of a coating can be increased by using fumed structurally modifi ed hydrophobic AEROSIL® such as, for example, AEROSIL® R 9200. Dispersing AEROSIL® with a special pearl mill will not only improve signifi cantly scratch resistance, but also enhance optical properties.

liquid coating systems. In addition to providing a certain structural viscosity and an anti-settling ac-tion for pigments, the use of fumed silica has been repeatedly demonstrated to positively infl uence the mechanical properties of coating fi lms after curing. Besides known mechanical properties, scratch resis-tance often plays a central role in modern coating systems. For this application, a new generation of fumed silica has been developed to signifi cantly im-prove scratch resistance for UV-curing, high-solids and conventional solvent-containing two-compo-nent PUR systems. Thanks to the combination of a chemical and mechanical post-treatment, these so-called structurally modifi ed AEROSIL® prod-ucts have only a customized low rheologic activ-ity. Hence, amounts of over 10 wt %, as against the solids in the system, can be incorporated without producing an undesired high structural viscosity. Here, the higher fi ller content of AEROSIL® ensures a clear-cut increase in mechanical stability against scratches. AEROSIL® R 7200 and AEROSIL® R 9200 increase scratch resistance in UV-curing clearcoat systems, whereas AEROSIL® R 9200 delivers opti-mum performance in two-component PUR or high-solids clearcoat systems.

Issue 03 | April 2007

Continued on page 3

Coatings face a particular challenge when they need to both offer excellent protection and look good in exterior use. The surface of the coating must also resist the effects of weather exposure and stand up not only to rain, snow and ice, but also to the high energy UV component in sunlight. Other requirements must also be met for an organic coating to be able to protect its substrate effectively against corrosion.

R E S I N S

Silicone and Epoxy: Combined in SILIKOPON®

Can coatings for outdoor use meet these requirements? With SILIKOPON® EF from the Tego product range we are able to offer a binder which satisfi es these de-

mands. The silicone-epoxy hybrid high-solids binder system is one of the most eco-friendly coatings raw materials currently available.

What an anti-corrosion coating must offer:■ good exterior resistance properties■ corrosion protection and high gloss■ UV resistance■ low solvent emissions

journalAdditivesAdditivesAdditives

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journalCrosslinkers Raw Materials for Resins Matting

Resinsjournal

Resinsjournaljournal

Resinsjournaljournal

Resinsjournal

MattingResins

Matting

AdditivesAdditivesAdditives

CrosslinkersColoring

Raw Materials for Resins Coloring

Raw Materials for Resins

Dispersion of AEROSIL® R 9200Structurally modifi ed AEROSIL®

has a distinctly higher tapped den-sity, namely, ca. 200g/l, than con-ventional AEROSIL® (ca. 50�g/l, normal non-compacted product). On the one hand, the elevated density permits rapid low-dust in-corporation of the powder – e.g. in a dissolver. On the other hand, the structural modifi cation impedes the actual dispersing process, i.e. the disintegration of the “looser” agglomerates to the particles – ag-gregates – actually present after the dispersion process. To prevent any adverse effect on the coating’s optical properties, such as gloss, haze or brilliance of color, when the scratch resistance of AERO-SIL® is improved, these aggregates must be smaller than 1 µm. Both in-house research and customer experiences have shown that this dispersion quality is not achieved with conventional stirrers. Only special pearl mills can meet these high standards after several hours of dispersion.

VP Disp. CO 1030The experimental product VP Disp. CO 1030 is a 30 % AERO-SIL® R 9200 dispersion in 1-me-thoxy-2-propyl acetate (MPA). It is dispersed with a special pearl

2 smart formulating journal

Continued from page 1

New AEROSIL® Dispersions for More Scratch Resistant Coatings

Technical contact:[email protected] www.aerosil.com

A D D I T I V E S

TEM cross section of an embedded clear-coat. The homogeneous distribution of the AEROSIL® R 9200 aggregates is clearly visible.

dispersion; nonetheless, greater particle fi nenesses are achieved; any abrasion that occurs is less signifi cant because of the short dispersion time.

■ the dispersion additionally con-tains an additive tailor-made for AEROSIL® R 9200, which opti- R 9200, which opti- R 9200, which opti-mizes the leveling of the coat-ing material; all of the additives used are non silicone-based.

Performance Example with Evaluation of Scratch Resistance To demonstrate the effective-ness of the dispersion, we used 15 % VP Disp. CO 1030 (ca. 5 % AEROSIL®) as against total for-mulation to distinctly improve

* Bayer Material Science AG** Degussa GmbH or Desmodur N 3390

(Bayer Material Science AG)

Test formulation weight %

Desmophen A 870, BA* 50.0

MPA 5.0

Butyl acetate 4.0

Xylene 4.0

Solvesso 100 4.0

Butyl glycol acetate 3.0

VP Disp. CO 1030 16.0

Vestanat HT 2500 L** 19.0

50

60

70

80

90

100

Res

idu

al g

loss

%

without AEROSIL®

with VP Disp. CO 1030

Wet scratching

Crockmeter

Plastics are found in the packag-ing industry, in civil engineering and construction, in electrical en-gineering, consumer electronics, and automotive manufacturing. To ensure that plastic materials will have particular useful prop-erties for processing and end-use, they are subjected to many mod-ifi cations during their manufac-ture. These include the addition of additives comprising fi bers and fi llers, selective copolymerization, and the physical mixing of poly-mers, to name a few. The properties of the surface of a coating always represent a tense trade-off of various factors, such as quality of the coating, the price that customers pay, environmen-tal compatibility, and the cost of the energy required to apply the coating.

In many applications it is stan-dard practice to coat plastic sur-faces. Not only does the coating give the plastic part a decorative appearance, it also improves cer-tain surface properties of the sub-strate: resistance to solvents and chemicals, waterproofness, and weathering resistance, especially against UV radiation.Although plastic parts can be colored, the possibilities of obtain-ing the desired color or adjusting the required surface properties are limited. On the same token, the extrusion of plastic materials produces fl ow lines that must be coated over for

R E S I N S

Alcohol-Resistant Plastic Coatings with DEGALAN®

the sake of appearance, and the use of recycled plastic materials also requires subsequent coating of the surface. A line of products for the plastic coating industry is being devel-oped to meet the continuously growing requirements within the value chain. One central fi eld of application is the painting of toys. Besides the desired quality characteristics, a cost-effective product solution is the decisive criterion for this mass market.Other applications are the coating of household appliances, mobile telephones, and television hous-ings. For these consumer goods, special attention is devoted to the adhesion of the coating, its ability

changed is that manufacturers are placing higher performance requirements on coating resis-tance. Thermoplastic coatings can achieve these resistance require-ments only to a limited extent.

Products that can be used in primer formulations are being developed for this sector. These polymers must feature special adhesion to the plastic substrate as well as resistance to the paint coating that will cover them.

Technical contact:[email protected]

Plastic coatings for the entertainment electronics

mill that can be scaled to produc-tion volumes. Suitable additives permit the high fi ller content of AEROSIL® but simultaneously maintain the viscosity at a low level (ca. 500 mPa sec at 0.1�l/sec). However, the dispersion is sedimentation-stable even when stored for months at 40�°C. The use of the dispersion VP Disp. CO 1030 provides the customer with the following advantages:■ more scratchproof, brilliant coat-

ings ■ easier incorporation of the dis-

persion, e.g. with a dissolver ■ optimum particle morphology

is already set in the dispersion and stabilized by suitable addi-tives

■ in contrast to a binder-con-taining dispersion, the con-centration can be raised and the dispersion time reduced during the preparation of the

How to Improve Poor Drying of High Solids 2K PUR Coatings

C R O S S L I N K E R S

Driven by stricter regulations on the emission of VOC, raw ma-terial producers are requested to develop high-solid resins that en-able coating formulators to match the lower VOC levels imposed by regulators, e.g. European legisla-tion. Directive 1999/13/EC, also known as the “VOC-Guideline,” defi nes stringent limits for emis-sions to the coatings industry in the European Union.

The approach of raw material producers is to lower the viscosity by reducing the molecular weight of the organic binder. The result-ing coatings show slower physical drying behavior, which leads to a longer dirt pickup time.

Technical contact:[email protected]: [email protected] www.vestanat.com

IPDI-based polyisocyanates are able to improve the drying per-formance signifi cantly without a severe increase in VOC content.We will gladly share our data with you by web conference or you can order the full presenta-tion by contacting:

to combine with aluminum pig-ments, its resis-tance to conven-tional household cleaners, and its ability to with-stand mechanical stresses. In the high-end market segments of these appliances, there is a (clear) trend towards UV-cur-able and poly-urethane-based coatings. The pri mary reason that the require-ments on coating materials have

5 µm

the scratch resistance of a two-component high-solids clearcoat. A Crockmeter (dry method) and an Elcometer 1720 with a slurry of quartz and water (wet method) were used for evaluation. These test systems provide the best pos-sible simulation of scratching in a car wash. The gloss and haze of the surfaces were measured before and after scratching. The percentage of residual gloss can be determined from the results.

3smart formulating journal

The best of both worlds: SILIKOPON® EF “Silicone and epoxy“ is the secret behind the prod-uct’s success. SILIKOPON® EF binder combines the best properties of both worlds to deliver durable exterior coatings.

cessive atmospheric humidity nor low temperatures impair their curing.

Coatings based on SILIKOPON® EF are suitable for all kinds of applications on industrial items.

The choice of suitable solvents for thinning silicone-epoxy-hybrid coatings systems does not pose a prob-lem. It is only necessary to ensure that the water content is suitably low. Small amounts of butanol or butyl acetate are ideal. Because of the low viscosity of the curing agent (aminopropyltriethoxysilane), no further addition of solvent is usually required.

The light stabilizer is carefully incorporated in the resin. After add-ing items 3, 4 and 5, the mixture is fi nely dispersed. Items 6 and 7 can then be stirred in.

Guiding formulation based on SILIKOPON® EF and amino-silane (AMEO)

Component A Parts by weight (%)

Item 1 Silicone-epoxy resin 32.4

Item 2 Light stabilizer 1.0

Item 3 White pigment titanium dioxide 26.6

Item 4 Filler 2.0

Item 5 Fine particle silica 1.0

Item 6 Butyl acetate 5.0

Item 7 Silicone-epoxy resin 32.0

100.0

Component B

Item 1 Aminopropyltriethoxysilane 16.0

R E S I N S

Silicone and Epoxy: Combined in SILIKOPON®

Continued from page 1

2-pack silicone-epoxy-hybrid systems, the best of both worlds

The siloxane-epoxy polymer, cross-linked by amino-propyltriethoxysilane (AMEO), enables the positive properties of organic and inorganic polymers to be combined in a new class of anti-corrosion coatings.

The siloxane-epoxy polymer, cross-linked by amino-propyltriethoxysilane (AMEO), enables the positive properties of organic and inorganic polymers to be combined in a new class of anti-corrosion coatings.

Coatings based on silicone-epoxy hybrid systems (SILIKOPON® EF) are highly resistant to many chemicals and exhibit excellent color fastness and gloss retention after weathering. Such coatings are not only weather resistant but also dirt-repellent, and are highly effective against graffi ti. Neither ex-

When the going gets hot: SILIKOPON® EW Besides SILIKOPON® EF for exterior applications at normal temperatures, a second type of silicone-epoxy hybrid systems is available for corrosion pro-tection and chemical resistance in high temperature applications: SILIKOPON® EW.

High-temperature coatings are often used outdoors – industrial coatings and vehicle exhausts, for in-stance, must be resistant to corrosion and solvents. The formulation of such coatings necessitates a com-bination of heat resistance, good adhesion and good resistance properties. Heat resistant coatings based on SILIKOPON® EW provide reliable, durable pro-tection against corrosion and solvents.

Double curing by aminosilanes in silicone-epoxy hybrid systems.

Characteristics of coatings based on SILIKOPONE® EF■ excellent gloss retention and color fastness■ very good corrosion protection in 2-pack

coatings formulations■ very good resistance to chemicals■ high-solid (~ 90 %) and thus low VOC content■ tolerant to humidity during drying■ low drying temperatures (under 0 °C) possible■ isocyanate-free■ satisfy most common environmental, health

and safety regulations

Product Non volatilecontent

Characteristics

SILIKOPON® EF 99.5 % for the manufacture of high-solids coatings, very good gloss retention and colorfastness, very good resistance to corrosion and weathering

SILIKOPON® EW 50 % solventborne, for stoving enamels, outstanding adhesion and solvent resistance

Properties of a coating based on guide formulation

Application parameters

Pot life (25 °C) 4.5 h

Drying time (25 °C)

Touch dry 4 h

Through dry 8 h

Adhesion Cross-hatch 5 B

Hardness Pencil hardness F

Pendulum hardness (König) DIN 53 157

86

Gloss 60° Angle 82 %

Recoatability(25 °C)

Minimum 6 h

Maximum 48 h

Application for heat stable protective coating systems (motor cycle or car muffl er systems)

SILIKOPON® EW combines the heat resistance of silicone resins with the strong chemical resistance of epoxy resins.

SILIKOPON® EF combines outstanding weather-ing resistance with high chemical resistance in a two component system. Using SILIKOPON® EF, iso-cyanate-free coatings can be formulated with VOC content under 100 g/l.On suitable primers, top coats based SILIKOPON® EF exhibit unique weathering resistance, are easy-to-clean and exhibit antigraffi ti properties.

There are particular advantages to using high-sol-ids clear coats based on SILIKOPON® EF on the most diverse substrates (wood, metal, composites). These include emphasizing the natural wood grain on wood surfaces. Flame resistance is an additional benefi t. The use of SILIKOPON® EF offers, for the fi rst time, the possibility of providing wood surfaces with an attractive fi re retardant fi nish.

With SILIKOPON® E types, Degussa offers various silicone-epoxy combination resins



Heat sublimation technology is a new application for weather-re-sistant powder coatings, especially coatings based on polyurethane (PUR). This rapidly-growing ap-plication has made it possible to greatly improve the appearance of building components, especially components made of aluminum such as window frames, front doors, garage doors, offi ce furni-ture, aluminum kitchen cabinets, sliding doors, bathroom fi ttings and accessories (glass and metal), among other things.This transfer print technology expands the design options for coatings far beyond their current

components for a matte poly-urethane coating are a polyester blend with high and low OH value polyesters and a polyisocyanate hardener. However, the required performance and gloss can be achieved on ly with a limited selec-tion of bind-er partners, which have often been developed us-ing a particu-lar crosslinker. This means that a special combination of polyesters and crosslinker is needed to obtain matting with the above properties. With the prop-er choice, one-shot matte poly-urethanes have an impressive visual appearance, very good impact resistances exceeding 160 in.-lb, ex-cellent leveling with (PCI 8 – 9), high crosslink densities, and ex-cellent weather-stability.

With this binder system, low gloss values can be obtained by reduc-ing the isocyanate:polyester ratios, though the lowest gloss values are still obtained using EP-BF 1321.

C R O S S L I N K E R S

Technical contact:Europe and Middle East:[email protected] Americas and Asia:[email protected]

0

10

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0.7 : 1.0 0.8 : 1.0 0.9 : 1.0 1.0 : 1.0 1.1 : 1.0

60

º G

loss

NCO : OH Stoichiometric Ratio

EP-BF 1321

BF 1320

0

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20.0 : 80.0 25.0 : 75.0

30

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º G

loss

Polyester Ratio –High OH : Low OH

ALBESTER 3115 : 3225

CRYLCOAT 2814-0 : E04060

REAFREE 17091 : 17014

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20.0 : 80.0 22.5 : 77.5 25.0 : 75.0 27.5 : 72.5 30.0 : 70.0

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loss

Polyester Ratio – High OH : Low OH

EP-BF 1321 ~90 µm

EP-BF 1321 ~50 µm

BF 1320 ~50 µm

BF 1320 ~90 µm

0

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20.0 : 80.0 22.5 : 77.5 25.0 : 75.0 27.5 : 72.5 30.0 : 70.0

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º G

loss

Polyester Ratio – High OH : Low OH

EP-BF 1321

BF 1320

New Developments for Aluminum Components Open Windows for the ImaginationToday, powder coatings must satisfy a great variety of requirements. They must be high-quality, yet inexpensive. They must lend themselves to both indoor and outdoor applications, and they must serve as a functional coating that provides excellent protection or as a decorative coating with a diversifi ed appearance – ran-ging from excellent leveling to roughly-textured. And, of course, they must also be available in all fi nishes, from high-gloss to dead-matte.

Heat sublimation print with VESTAGON® products

limits. Design is now limited only by the imagination.

The Binder SystemThe application process for creative prints requires a highly crosslinked, hard and very smooth coating surface. Many of the applications listed above not only demand a va-riety of appearances, but also UV and weathering resistances. Poly-urethane powder coatings satisfy not only these demands, but also provide absolutely the best perfor-mance over TGIC or hydroxyalkyl-amide systems. For the distinctness of image (DOI) in particular, PUR coatings are distinctly superior to all other alternatives.Italian powder-coating manufac-turers began working on these requirements as early as a little over a decade ago. Printing sys-tems and the inferior dyes of pa-per produ cers initially posed major problems. The need for matte ap-pearances quickly became another source of concern, of which one of the fi rst applications was ski poles. The blocked polyurethane cross-linkers, which were initially used, have disappeared from European

Heat sublimation print: application alumi-num window frame in wood design

Figure 1: Effect of Crosslinker and Polyester Ratio in Matte Polyurethanes

Let us provide some examples to show how modifying the binder formulation can produce vari-ous gloss values. Figure 1 shows how important it is to determine the lowest level of gloss achieved with a PE mixture with its respec-tive crosslinkers. In this study we adjust the ratio of the two poly-esters and determine the gloss with two different crosslinkers. We achieved a more reproducible gloss range with EP-BF 1321, plus a remarkably lower gloss, lower by 20 gloss units, just by changing the crosslinker.Figure 2 shows the dependence of the matting on the layer thick-ness, within certain limits: the thicker the coating layer, the higher the gloss – a result that

comes as no surprise to specialists in the powder coating industry. Next, we would like to show the effect of the crosslink density on

formulations due to emission concerns, but are fi nding a foothold in Asian for mulations. The one-shot matte sys-tems currently used in Europe for alu-minum windows, which probably re-present the largest application in this sector, are based on uretdione hardeners like VESTAGON®

EP-BF 1321.

The principal binder

Figure 2: Effect of Film Thickness on the Gloss

Figure 3: Effect of Under- and Over-Indexing Stoichiometric Ratio on Gloss

the relationship of the partners involved. Figure 3 illustrates the effect on gloss of two one-shot matte formulations with underin-dexing (changing the stoichiomet-ric ratio of isocyanate to hydroxyl groups), using two crosslinkers in otherwise identical formulations.

bearing the reverse print design is then pressed onto the aluminum profi le by either a pressure or vacu-

systems, as polyurethane systems have higher crosslink densities and allow for easier removal of the paper/foil.This image that is left on the powder coated substrate is dis-tinguished not only by its wash-ability, but also features weather-resistance, depending on the dyes used. The image transferred can only be removed by completely destroying the coating. Aside from the successes in Europe, this sys-tem is now strongly in develop-ment in Turkey, the Middle East, and the United States. But this kind of application is also grow-ing in China and southeast Asia, too, which shows that walls can‘t stop today’s trends.Upon request, we can provide formulations with various poly-ester systems and crosslinkers as a starting point toward the devel-opment of wood images.

We have already mentioned the effect of binder partner selection above, and in the fi nal diagram (Figure 4), we would like to com-pare three different polyester mix-tures in combination with VESTA-GON® EP-BF 1321. These binder systems, which were tested in two polyester ratios, have completely different gloss values, such that desired gloss values can be reached using different polyester systems. Not shown here, they also demon-strate completely different shapes for the matting curve, a signifi cant consideration when optimizing the cost and reproducibility of the for-mulations.

The Technology of the Image TransferThe matte powder coatings that have been discussed are the re-cipient for sublimation dyes trans-ferred by means of paper, fi lm or direct printing. This process is often called “bleeding.” The substrate to be coated, often an aluminum profi le, is pretreated and coated with a powder coating described above, and the coating is then cured. The paper or fi lm

um process. The transfer of the decorative designs from the paper to the coating sur-face (heat-trans-fer) takes place at high tempera-tures of approxi-mately 200 °C. During this step, the printing inks migrate into the pores of the coat-ing and transfer a perfect mirror-image. Following

Figure 4: Effect of Different Polyester Systems with VESTAGON® EP-BF 1321 on Gloss

the transfer, the paper/fi lm is re-moved from the coated substrate. This removal is quite important and, among other things, pro-motes the use of polyurethane


For years, the radiation-curing coatings and print-ing inks sector has grown faster than the overall market for coatings and printing inks. High demands are placed on pigmented formulations in this sector since they are responsible for the high color quality of modern print.

Limits on pigment loading are rapidly reached, es-pecially when using fi ne particle size pigments with high specifi c surface areas, such as carbon blacks and organic pigments. It seems that free-fl owing formulations are not feasible above this limit and simply adding organic solvents is not appropriate. Formulations like these show bad fl ow properties and are diffi cult to apply. Color strength develop-ment is also frequently inadequate because of the pigments’ surface chemistry.

Here, the use of an effective wetting and dispersing additive is a promising option. However, up to now, commercially available products have been either solvent-containing, solid or only effective with some pigments. These problems can now be solved thanks to a high performance wetting and dispersing ad-ditive specially tailored for use in radiation-curing formulations: TEGO® Dispers 685.

TEGO® Dispers 685 meets the highest technical requirements

A D D I T I V E S

TEGO® Dispers 685 Easier and more fl exible formulation of radiation-curing printing inks

Technical contact:[email protected] www.tego.de

R E S I N S

Tego ADDID® 2000 is a nonpolar, stereospecifi c, low viscosity, unsaponifi able liquid polybutadiene with high 1.4-cis double bond content. It is strongly hy-drophobic and environmentally neutral.The amount and speed of oxidative crosslinking has been shown to be dependent on the degree and type of unsaturation in the polymer. The number of dou-ble bonds, presence or absence of conjugated double bonds and the geometric arrangement of the double bonds (1.4-cis double bonds versus 1.2-vinyl double bonds) are very important.It has been proposed that high 1.4-cis polybutadienes react quickly with atmospheric oxygen to form per-oxides and undergo crosslinking in its presence. The high degree of unsaturation is expressed by the high Iodine Number. 420 – 480 g iodine are required to react with 100 g Tego ADDID® 2000. As a result of the polybutadiene synthesis all double bonds are isolated. The high 1.4-cis content is also responsible for the high reactivity with atmospheric oxygen.Mineral oil and linseed oil are key components of off-set inks. The ink viscosity is affected by the interaction of the mineral oil with linseed oil, polymer binders and other ingredients. Tego ADDID® 2000 is compat-ible with hydrocarbon oils, linseed oil, a lot of alkyds, waxes and hydrocarbon resins.The solvent free Tego ADDID® 2000 combines high and medium molecular weight with medium and low viscosity. The product has good pigment wetting properties and good pigment loading capability. It pro-vides excellent drying properties in heatset and coldset

Tego ADDID® 2000 in Offset Inks


TEGO® Dispers 685■ effectively lowers viscosity therefore enabling

high pigment loadings■ raises color strength and thus helps to minimize

pigment costs■ is free of organic solvents■ is liquid as a 100 % solids product and is thus easy to

process and dose■ exhibits good compatibility with common monomers

and oligomers■ is highly effective with a wide range of pigments■ ensures good long-term stability with regard to rheology

and color strength

Compared to conventional additives, TEGO®

Dispers 685 stands out by its versatility as it can also be used in solventborne formulations as well as in the manufacture of pigment concentrates.

applications. Tego ADDID® 2000 sinks deep into the paper pores in coldset application and reacts under ambient temperature.Since Tego ADDID® 2000 is produced in a narrow vis-cosity range, it can be used for viscosity adjustment in the letdown stage.Another area where inks have been infl uenced by legis-lation is the toxicological effect of cobalt driers. They are mainly used as octoates or naphthanates. Studies have shown that different driers promote different drying properties. However, because of the toxicologi-cal potential of the Co2+ ion, its use has come under discussion in recent years. Environmentally neutral manganese–based driers, however, call for a longer drying time than cobalt driers.If we now introduce liquid 1.4-cis polybutadienes as an alternative binder to conventional mineral and linseed oil based inks, it is possible to use primary manganese driers without loosing good drying properties.

Construction of the new Methacrylic Acid (GMAA) plant has been completed and it is scheduled to go on line in April, 2007 in Fortier, LA. Following the buyout of CYRO Industries, the company initiated this project in order to complete the portfolio with high quality GMAA from a US source. Along with MMA, which is already produced in Fortier, and per-formance monomers, coming from Mobile, AL, the addition of the GMAA plant effectively completes the next step in the Methacrylates global growth strategy.

The state-of-the-art “modular” plant was built by Dolphin Services, a wholly owned subsidiary of Gulf

R A W M AT E R I A L S F O R R E S I N S

Island Fabrications, Inc., the worldwide leader in the construction of oil and gas production platforms. Once fi nished, the individual modules parts were barged to and assembled at Degussa’s Fortier site. The design capacity of the new plant is approxi-mately 20,000 metric tons, with the fi rst commercial product being available in May, 2007.

Methacrylic Acid is used in a variety of coatings, emulsion polymers and adhesives, as well as in the synthesis of other monomers.

www.roehm.com

Expanded Methacrylate Capacities in the USAGMAA plant goes on line

Advantages:■ viscosity control (adjustment)■ improved air drying properties■ no VOC; 100 % liquid■ strongly hydrophobic■ environmentally neutral ■ compatibility with mineral oil,

waxes, hydrocarbon resins, linseed oil, alkyds


It is generally known that pigment powders often need to be abundantly dispersed to achieve satis-factory results for colorimetric properties. Pigment black has always been considered one of the hardest to disperse pigments in the coatings and printing inks industry. Therefore, Degussa had always been interested in offering preparations that circumvent or facilitate the dispersing step for our customers. Examples include tack pastes, which have been es-tablished in the market for many years. Consistently pursuing this approach, Degussa has joined forces with an innovative young enterprise that manufac-tures pigment preparations in granulate form, with Degussa holding the worldwide exclusive sales rights to the preparations. The granulate-form preparations contain not only pigment but also a binder that de-monstrates good compatibility in most solvent-based coating applications.

demonstrates that dispersion time was considerably reduced compared to the normal procedure. The dis-persion of a pigment black powder is compared here with the dispersion of an INXELTMwith the dispersion of an INXELTMwith the dispersion of an INXEL preparation in the laboratory dissolver or Skandex Disperser.

INXELTMINXELTMINXEL preparations were tested in various coating formulations, e.g., in a stoving paint (alkyd/mela-mine) and in a two-component acrylic system in our application technology laboratory. All INXELTMour application technology laboratory. All INXELTMour application technology laboratory. All INXELpreparations can be smoothly incorporated with the dis solver. The usual coating parameters such as the fi neness of grind, are on the same level as in conven-tionally manufactured coatings. Signifi cant coloristic improvements were achieved with the pigment black-containing INXELTMcontaining INXELTMcontaining INXEL preparations in the fi nished coat-ing at comparable pigment black contents, calculated on binder solid. Comparable and sometimes consider-ably greater jetness, as well as distinct improvements in stability (higher dM value, or bluish undertone) could be achieved with the INXELTMcould be achieved with the INXELTMcould be achieved with the INXEL preparations without the pearl mill step needed with pigment without the pearl mill step needed with pigment black powders. This is illustrated in Figure 2.

C O L O R I N G

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Dis

per

sio

n t

ime

(min

)

Pigment black powder INXELTM preparation

Skandex Disperser Dissolver

265

270

275

280

285

290

295

300

10.2

277

14.5

281

MY +

dM


dM MY

0.73

0.74

0.75

0.76

0.77

0.78

0.79

0.82

0.81

0.80

Op

tica

l den

sity


Rubbed out Not rubbed out

New Readily Dispersible Pigment Preparations in Granulate Form for Coating and Printing Ink ApplicationsDegussa GmbH has recently acquired exclusive rights to sell INXEL™ Pigment preparations. These preparations make it considerably easier to incorporate pigments into coating materials and printing inks. Using preparations based on Degussa pigment black, the product range will be gradually expanded by additional colors.

Figure 1: Comparison of dispersion times in minutes with a pigment black powder and an INXEL™ preparation.

Figure 3: Optical density of coatings prepared from a pigment black powder and an INXELTM preparation (pigment black /TiO

2 = 4:100, two-component acrylic coating).

These so-called INXELTMThese so-called INXELTMThese so-called INXEL preparations are manufactu-red by a novel process that is the subject of a patent application. The pigment is incorporated in a binder matrix. The fi nished product consists of uniform gra-nulates that can be incorporated in a solvent, a binder or a mixture of solvent and binder. Incorporation can be effected simply by stirring, e.g., with a dissolver. Elaborate equipment such as pearl mills are a thing of the past with these preparations. However, not only is complex dispersing equipment obviated; the dispersing time is considerably reduced as well. This opens new potential to the coating or printing ink manufacturer for considerable cost savings. Figure 1

Figure 2: Jetness MY and undertone of coatings prepared from

a pigment black powder and an INXELTM preparation (5 % pigment black , calculated on binder solid, two-component acrylic coating).

The excellent stabilization of the pigments is repre-The excellent stabilization of the pigments is repre-sented in Figure 3. In a white reduction test, the sented in Figure 3. In a white reduction test, the INXELTMINXELTMINXEL preparation showed good tinting strength preparation showed good tinting strength and narrow differences in the so-called rub-out test. and narrow differences in the so-called rub-out test. This dramatically illustrates the good dispersion and This dramatically illustrates the good dispersion and pigment stabilization.

Besides these economic advantages, the newly deve-Besides these economic advantages, the newly deve-loped granulates offer further advantages. In contrast loped granulates offer further advantages. In contrast to the powdered alternatives already available on the to the powdered alternatives already available on the market, the INXELTMmarket, the INXELTMmarket, the INXEL granulates can be processed granulates can be processed with absolutely no dust. Moreover, they contain no with absolutely no dust. Moreover, they contain no solvents and therefore afford a crucial advantage in solvents and therefore afford a crucial advantage in terms of compliance with VOC guidelines and other terms of compliance with VOC guidelines and other environmental and health regulations. Furthermore, environmental and health regulations. Furthermore, granulates are substantially easier to meter out than granulates are substantially easier to meter out than powders.

The binder is highly lightfast, non-yellowing, heat re-The binder is highly lightfast, non-yellowing, heat re-sistant and also suitable for use in powder coatings.sistant and also suitable for use in powder coatings.

Because Degussa is one of the biggest manufacturers Because Degussa is one of the biggest manufacturers of pigment blacks in the world, it is no surprise that of pigment blacks in the world, it is no surprise that the fi rst INXELTMthe fi rst INXELTMthe fi rst INXEL preparations were manufactured with pigment black. Meanwhile, various preparati-ons can be offered in different jetness ranges. The

color range will now be widened successively until a color system is available with which all standard colors (not including luminescent and metallic colors) in the “RAL Classic Color Collection” system can be achieved.

Full-scale production is scheduled to start in late 2007. A range of approximately 20 products will be available initially, enabling the user to employ special colors by mixing the different basic colors. A limited product range will be available for sampling at the European Coatings Show 2007.

With these preparations, Degussa offers uni-versal pigment preparations for solvent-based coating systems under the pro-duct name INXELTMduct name INXELTMduct name INXEL . Tests show that these new preparations can also be used in solvent-based packaging printing inks and special plastics appli cations. However, in the longer term, special INXELTMINXELTMINXEL product series will also be developed for print ing ink and plastics applications.

The advantages of the new INXELTM preparations can be summarized as follows:■ Signifi cant reduction in the dispersion time■ Very good stabilization of the pigments and hence very good color development■ Absolutely dust-free handling■ Easy metering of the granulates■ Very precise metering of the granulates (better than with powders)■ Very good solubility in the usual solvents■ High compatibility with most binders

The binder used is a ketone resin that is soluble in all conventional coating solvents (with the exception of water). It also has broad-spect-rum compatibility with:

■ Alkyd resins ■ Vinylchloride copolymers■ Chlorinated rubber■ Chlorinated paraffi n■ Nitrocellulose■ Cellulose acetobutyrate

■ Aromatic and aliphatic epoxy resins■ Phthalate plasticizers■ Hydroxypolyacrylates■ Melamine-formaldehyde resins■ Hydrocarbon resins



Traditionally, inorganic coatings are mostly used in heavy corrosion protection. Zinc silicate paints are optimal for use on metal structures that need excellent protection against weather and exposure to salt or UV-radiation, such as ships, bridges, har-bor structures, and other offshore installations. For the most durable zinc silicate coatings, silicic acid ester-based binders are used that hydrolyze and condense in order to form a resistant coating layer. Such layers can protect against corrosion for 15 to 20 years or more. Degussa has been active in this market for many decades and thus has been actively driving technological development in the fi eld of inorganic and sol-gel systems.

The advantage of such inorganic, silane-based sur-face coatings can be described concisely. They are much harder than traditional organic binders, can react with the metal surface, can improve the adhe-sion of subsequent coatings, can prevent water and chloride from reaching the protected metal surface, and are much less susceptible to weathering. Un-fortunately, to date most systems are solvent-based. Thus, up until now the use of such inorganic coat-ings, even though they display excellent proper-ties, has been limited due to the need for solvent abatement.

The new SIVO® Sol Technology from Degussa comes as the fi rst water-based inorganic system of its type. It is a water-based binder system for inorganic coatings with several specially designed water-based additives that can be matched to de-liver the performance and characteristics needed for your application.

SIVO® Sol TechnologySIVO® Sol Technology is a modular system for wa-ter-borne inorganic coatings. It is based on a base component and three additives that can be formu-lated for metal coating applications, including metal pre-treatment and anti-fi ngerprinting coatings. De-pending on the application, these additives can be added in different ratios into the base component to give the desired effects. The resulting inorganic coatings are hard, durable, resistant to chemical attach and still surprisingly fl exible. The individual components have been especially engineered in or-der to fi t into this new technological platform.

The base component, Dynasylan® Sivo 110, is a system derived from hydrolyzed and condensed silanes and nano-scaled inorganic fi ller particles. Any solvents have been removed during a special production process resulting in a water-based sol-gel system, virtually VOC-free. It has been devel-oped for fl exibility in the formulation of inorganic coating systems. It displays excellent adhesion, also for subsequent coatings, and barrier properties to water and chloride and thus much improves cor-rosion properties. Furthermore, together with the additive Dynasylan® Sivo 112, it displays excellent anti-graffi ti and anti-fi ngerprinting effects.

The system displays excellent resistance against chemical attack, is very temperature resistant, and is usually applied in fi lm thicknesses below 5 µm.

Application of the SIVO® Sol system can be done on a number of metal substrates such as aluminum, steel, galvanized steel and other pretreated surfaces. Application is usually done via dip or spray coating and then cured at temperatures between 150 to 220 °C. It is especially on galvanized steel that the water-based silane system shows its advantages. As a pre-treatment under a polyester fi nal coat, the corrosion resistance can be markedly improved. The salt spray tests show a marked improvement in the resistance to corrosion, in comparison to the untreated substrate.

R E S I N S

SIVO® Sol Technology – New Silane-Based Metal Pre-Treatment Technology

Technical Contact:Europa/ROW: [email protected]: [email protected]

Inorganic sol-gel binders are still new to the coatings industry, but they can bridge a gap where current products do not meet the performance standards required by customers. In an effort to bring a fl exible system for various substrates and applications to market, Degussa has developed a new modular multi-component silane system that offers extended fl exibility for different formulations.

New wood surface treatment agentDynasylan® SIVO 121 is a water-borne wood impregnation agent that gives wood surfaces oil and water repellent properties. Untreat-ed and weathered surfaces of originally waxed or varnished wood are ideally suited for the treatment with Dynasylan® SIVO 121. It is solvent free and signifi cantly reduces the soiling of treated wood surfaces. Treated surfaces have an excellent beading effect, which is ideal for wooden decks or garden furniture.

Product not available in USA and Canada.

Component Description

Dynasylan® SIVO 110Base inorganic binder component

Dynasylan® SIVO 111Neutralizing agent for steel surfaces

Dynasylan® SIVO 112Anti-fi ngerprinting and anti-graffi ti additive

Dynasylan® SIVO 113 Hydrophobation agent for improved weathering

SIVO® Sol coating with anti-graffi ti effect through addition of Dynasylan SIVO 112 to base formulation Dynasylan® SIVO 110 on left.

R E S I N S

500 hours of salt spray test on Galvanized steel with solvent based standard pre-treatment (left, 5 µm) and SIVO 110 pre-treatment (right, 1 µm). Surface Coating: Polyester Powder

Silane technology much improves the corrosion resistance of treated metal surfaces. It is an ideal primer for use as an adhesion promoter for further coatings.

It can also be used as topcoat on metals and ceram-ics. It is especially suited for easy-to-clean and anti-graffi ti surfaces. For these purposes Dynasylan®

SIVO 110 is used in a two-component form to-gether with up to 50 % Dynasylan® SIVO 112. The resulting effect is shown in the pictures below.

SIVO® Sol technology is a new modular, multi-component, water-borne, sol-gel system for metal pre-treatment and coating. The additives in this toolbox are especially tailored to fi t the base binder (Dynasylan® SIVO 110). This fl exibility allows for this system to be formulated for anti-corrosion, anti-fi n-gerprinting and scratch resistant coating systems.

8

Table 1: Composition of emulsion polymers with the combination of methacrylamide/acrylamide and glacial methacrylic acidMMA: Methyl Methacrylate; BA: Butyl Acrylate

The most important criteria for choosing a specifi c polyacrylic resin as a binder are durability, fl exibil-ity and solvent resistance. These properties can be achieved by crosslinking the polymer fi lm. Cross-linking can proceed at room or elevated temperature with self crosslinking emulsions or by using a curing agent that reacts with functional groups incorpo-rated into the emulsion polymer.A third possibility can be identifi ed in hydrogen bonding, e.g. between amide and carboxylic acid groups. The latter has been investigated with two types of emulsion polymers containing the combina-tion of either methacrylamide (MAA) or acrylamide (AA) with glacial methacrylic acid (GMAA). The composition of the materials is shown in Table 1.


0

2

4

6

8

10

12

16

14

0 2 4 6 8

acrylamide

methacrylamide

MAA/AA (wt %)

Ten

sile

str

eng

th (M

Pa)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

0 100 200 300 700400 500 600

Elongation at break (%)

amide free MAA AA

decreasingamide content

Ten

sile

str

eng

th (M

Pa)

Specialty Methacrylate Monomer for Improved Mechanical Strength

Technical contact:[email protected] www.reohm.com

Degussa Sets Up Integrated Production Network for Methacrylate

Degussa will set up a major Verbund (integrated produc-tion network) in Shanghai to manufacture methyl meth-acrylate (MMA) and methacrylate specialties. The Degussa Supervisory Board gave the go-ahead for this facility to be constructed in December, 2006. The investment volume for the entire plant, including all intermediates, is around 250 million euros, making it Degussa’s second-largest single investment. The global-scale facility is scheduled to come on stream in 2009 on completion of the construction phase, which should last approximately two years.

Dr. Klaus Engel, Chairman of the Management Board of Degussa GmbH and Member of the Board of parent RAG AG, comments: “The new MMA Verbund facility in China underscores our global growth strategy. We see an attractive market development in Asia, and this investment reinforces our position as one of the world’s leading methacrylate producers.”

Once all the approvals are obtained from the Chinese au-thorities, Degussa will construct an MMA facility with an annual capacity of 100,000 metric tons, which will prac-tically all be processed into highly-refi ned methacrylate specialties and polymers. These are components used in a wide variety of products, such as LCD screens, scratch-proof paints, top-quality adhesives, modern interior trims for cars and numerous plastics applications.

The facility will be built at Degussa’s multi-user Site (MUSC) at Shanghai Chemical Industry Park Development Ltd., (SCIP), where the world’s leading specialty chemicals company has already established several new operations. In view of the upcoming construction of the MMA Verbund production facility, Degussa secured SCIP’s collaboration through a further cooperation agreement in September 2006.

www.roehm.com

Degussa Presents Liquid Synthetic Resins for the fi rst Time Ever

With Synthetic Resin EP-UC Degussa launches a new, inno-vative, liquid polyetherketone based resin having pigment affi ne groups.

Synthetic Resin EP-UC is a high performance resin featuring high dispersing abilities and outstanding pigment wetting properties.

Its universal solubility and outstanding compatibility give formulators an even wider range of application options.

The main targeting point of product development, however, was to use Synthetic Resins EP-UC as a grinding resin for high-quality pigment preparations.

The main innovative highlights in terms of application potential:■ solventborne pigment preparation/waterborne

letdown system■ waterborne pigment preparation/solventborne

letdown system■ solid stir-in pigment preparation, soluble in both

organic solvents and water

Figure 1: Measurement of tensile strength of emulsion polymers containing an MAA-GMAA or AA-GMAA combination

Figure 2: Correlation of elongation at break and tensile strength for copolymers with MAA and GMAA, as well as for conventional amide-free emulsion polymers


R E S I N S

smart formulating journal

Technical contact:[email protected] www.coatings-colorants.com

The polymers were achieved by conventional semi batch emulsion polymerization. Films were prepared and subsequently tested in stress strain experiments. The chemical resistance against solvents was moni-tored as well. Increased solvent resistance could be observed with increasing amide content.The mechanical tests reveal an improved tensile strength with increasing amide content. In this re-gard, methacrylamide results in a better performance than acrylamide. Comparing the effect of MAA and AA, the former always results in a 50 – 90 % in-crease in mechanical strength. The superiority of MAA to AA is even more pro-nounced than the fi gures indicate: whereas high MAA contents of up to more than 8 % can be read-ily incorporated, the incorporation of AA is limited to about 4 %. Higher concentrations, e.g. 6 %, cause thickening and a high coagulum formation.The superiority of MAA to AA is also demonstrated when correlating elongation at break and tensile strength.

Monomer Content (wt %)

BA-MMA-MAA-GMAA BA 52 – 58

with MFT-adjustment to a temperature range of 3 – 8 °C

MMA 34 – 46

MAA 0 – 8

GMAA 2

BA-MMA-AA-GMAA BA 51 – 58

with MFT-adjustment to a temperature range of 3 – 8 °C

MMA 36 – 46

AA 0 – 6

GMAA 2

Figure 6 illustrates the increased hiding power of an emulsion paint containing SIPERNAT® 820 A.And the viscosity behavior of emul-sion paints containing SIPERNAT®

820 A remains excellent after ex-tended storage as well. The pH value of 5 % aqueous SIP-ERNAT® 820 A suspension is about 10.1, which usually increases the pH value of emulsion paints. This shift into the more strongly basic range has a positive effect on stor-age stability.Due to the replacement of the white titanium dioxide, PVC is increased only about 1 – 2 %, which does not have an adverse effect with the paints produced according to the listed test formulations. SIPERNAT®

820 A has a favorable infl uence on brushability and leveling. Paints formulated with SIPERNAT®

820 A are also characterized by good washing and scrub resistance in ac-cordance with DIN 53778 and DIN ISO 11 998.A tendency to cracking could not be observed for the dry emulsion paint, on the contrary in some cases it could be reduced by using SIPERNAT® 820�A (optimal packing density).

SIPERNAT® 820 A in Solvent-Borne Alkyd PaintSIPERNAT® 820 A plays also a sig-nifi cant rule in decorative Alkyd Paints.By using SIPERNAT® 820 A, effects can be achieved in decorative paints, which can not be attained with nat-ural products – even if these have been milled extremely fi ne. Flat or satin gloss systems and primers in particular offer opportunities for compensating part of the white pig-ments’ loss in hiding power.Primers containing SIPERNAT® 820 A have outstanding opacity and fi ll-ing power, are faster-surface-drying, and show better through-drying. They also stand up better to abrasive treatment. Primers with SIPERNAT®

820 A level out well and present an excellent substrate for high gloss fi nishes.Primers and semi satin gloss paints, SIPERNAT® 820 A acts as an antisettl-ing agent for fi llers and pigments. In addition, the slight degree of thixot-ropy has a favorable effect on brush-ability and prevents the paint from running off from vertical surfaces.In satin gloss paints, SIPERNAT® 820 A is used primarily as a cost-effective fl atting agent. In this special case, the concentration of SIPERNAT®

820 A can be as high as 10 % due to the binders’ high pigment absorp-tion capacity. The high pH value of SIPERNAT® 820 A means that spe-cial care must be given to compat-ibility with basic pigments when selecting the binders for producing satin gloss decorative paints. SIPERNAT® 820 A is more than a simple and a conventional fi ller: it positively improves the physical properties of the emulsion paint and contributes to lower formula-tion costs.The designation of SIPERNAT®

TiO2

SIPERNAT® 820 A


Figure 1: The spacer effect of SIPERNAT® 820 A increases hiding power and whiteness

Advantages of SIPERNAT® 820 A in Emulsion Paints and Matted Decorative Alkyd PaintsSIPERNAT® 820 A is quite commonly used as a partial replacement for TiO

2 Pigments in emulsion paints and other architectural coatings. SIPERNAT® 820 A is pro-

duced via precipitation by adding sulfuric acid and aluminum sulfate to the sodium silicate. By varying the major parameters during the precipitation process – e.g. temperature, pH, time etc. – it is possible to obtain an aluminum silicate like SIPERNAT® 820A with a different morphology. This can be determined by x-ray as amorphous primary silica particles.

Differences can even be observed among synthetic aluminum silicates. Whiteness in particular can differ due to the content of iron and the associated yellow discoloration of the material.

Why use SIPERNAT® 820 A?Manufacturers of interior and exte-rior emulsion paints want to pro-duce their paints on a high quality level but also as cost-effectively as possible. In these formulations, tita-nium dioxide is the most costly raw material. Here, substituting SIPER-NAT® 820 A for TiO2 delivers excel-lent results without reducing the paint’s wet and dry hiding power.The hiding power should be as high as possible in order to achieve this even at low dry fi lm thicknesses. The extent of the hiding power can be determined by means of the con-trast ratio, i.e. comparing the light-ness of a white paint on a black sub-strate with its lightness on a white substrate, according to DIN 53778-3. The hiding power depends on the difference in the refractive indices of the materials used (binder, pigment, fi ller). The higher this difference, the higher the hiding power. Titanium dioxide pigment provides the largest difference and therefore is the criti-cal factor for hiding power.

SIPERNAT® 820 A differs from natural products in several respects:1. The specifi c surface area is higher

than in natural products2. It is a more uniform product3. It is amorphous where as natural

products containing silica may be more crystalline

4. It provides a higher whiteness than natural products even when later subjected to a purifi cation process

820 A can optimize the maximum amount of titanium dioxide white pigment in the paint necessary to enhance the formulation’s hiding power and whiteness.

70

71

72

73

74

75

72.5

73.0

73.9

10 % TiO2 8 % TiO

2

2 % SIPERNAT®

6 % TiO2

4 % SIPERNAT®

Wh

iten

ess

Ber

ger

Figure 2: Contrast ratio of an interior paint after substituting 2 and 4 % titanium dioxi-de with SIPERNAT® 820 A

93

94

95

96

95.4

94.3

95.3

Co

ntr

ast

rati

o (%

)

10 % TiO2 8 % TiO

2

2 % SIPERNAT®

6 % TiO2

4 % SIPERNAT®

Figure 3: Whiteness of an interior paint af-ter substituting 2 and 4 % titanium dioxide with SIPERNAT® 820 A

2700

2800

2900

3000

3100

3200

2600

Vis

cosi

ty in

mP

a*s

1. day 1. week

Storage time

4. weeks

Figure 6: Viscosity of a decorative paint as a function of the storage time, storage time 4 weeks at T = 40 °C

Figure 4: Hiding power of two interior emulsion paints. Right with, left without SIPERNAT® 820 A

SIPERNAT® 820 A has a compar-atively low specifi c density. This effects an increase in volume of the fi nished paint and provides a further interesting viewpoint: even in combination with tita-nium dioxide post-treated with high portions of aluminum or silicon compounds, whiteness and opa city can be further increased with SIPERNAT® 820 A.

C O L O R I N G


Besides the refractive index, particle size distribution, pigment volume concentration (PVC) and the degree of dispersion of the pigment have an effect on hiding power. Effective dispersion of the white pigment and the fi llers in the binder is key to effective deployment. Specifi cally, this effect is achieved by using par-ticularly fi ne, precipitated synthetic aluminum silicates like SIPERNAT®

820 A. These silicates spread out in an optimum arrangement between the dispersed particles of titanium dioxide and exert, so to speak, a spacer effect between the pigment particles. Consequently, SIPERNAT®

The fi neness of SIPERNAT® 820 A’s silicate particles gives them a high oil adsorption, thereby lowering the critical pigment volume concentra-tion of the formulation and raising the porosity of the coating system. The refractive index of an ordi-nary fi ller like calcium carbonate (n�=�1.55) is quite similar compared to aluminum silicate (n�=�1.46). Both indices lie below the limit that applies to pigments of n�>�1.7 (DIN 55943 and 55945). Nevertheless, up to 50 % of the titanium dioxide pig-ment present can be replaced with aluminum silicate with no nega-tive impact on the contrast ratio or whiteness of the formulation. In fact, in most cases both parameters are improved. Depending on the type of titanium dioxide and its percentage portion in the formulation, it is possible in emulsion to substitute it up to 40 % by weight with SIPERNAT® 820 A, though in the overall formulation the proportion of SIPERNAT® 820 A should not exceed more than 4 %.In most cases the substitution in-creases the opacity of the dry paint. The whiteness is increased in any case. Figures 4 and 5 demonstrate the contrast ratio and the whiteness of an interior paint after substitut-ing 2 and 4 % titanium dioxide with SIPERNAT® 820 A.In addition to improving optical characteristics, SIPERNAT® 820 A also delivers signifi cant cost savings in the manufacturing of emulsion paints since the fi ller ensures the highest possible distribution between the dispersed particles of titanium dioxide.The bottom line: SIPERNAT® 820 A maximizes the white pigmentation of titanium dioxide on paint sur faces, improving opacity and whiteness of the formulation.

0

30

90

80

70

60

50

40

20

10

100

60 ° 85 °60 ° 85 °

without SIPERNAT®

Ref

lect

om

eter

valu

e

5 % SIPERNAT®

8 % SIPERNAT®

Figure 5: Matting effect of SIPERNAT® 820 A in decorative paints

One critical aspect when it comes to satin gloss decorative paints is binder compatibility with basic pig-ments because of the high pH of SIPERNAT® 820 A.

820 A as a “functional pigment extender,” if not quite accurate in a technical sense, is nonetheless entirely justifi ed on account of its fi ne-particle nature, purity and spe-cial structure, and the advantages associated with these. SIPERNAT®

820 A is highly constant.


ECS 2007: See You There!Degussa to present intelligent and innovative solutions at the European Coatings Show in Nuremberg.

Additives

Coloring

Raw Materials for Resins

Crosslinkers

Resins

Matting

Raw Materials for ResinsMore than 80 years of methacrylate experience and almost 40 years of isophorone chemistry are the basis of Degussa’s top position as global supplier for the resin industry. Degussa’s raw materials are essential for all innovative and ecofriendly tech-nologies. Besides standard monomers like MMA and BMA, Degussa of-fers methacrylate monomers optimizing the key properties of polymers.Degussa’s comprehensive set of aliphatic di-isocyanates (VESTANAT®) offers the optimum solution for any type of non-yellowing urethane resin like waterborne PUD, radiation curable urethane acrylates, etc.VESTAMIN® aliphatic diamines form the basis for epoxy curing agents.The broad range of Dynasylan® functional silanes is the ideal toolkit for design and synthesis of polysiloxanes, silicone resins or systems for sol-gel-type processes. Beside the range of mono-mers Degussa provides oligomeric and polymeric building blocks (Tegomer®) as well.

ResinsBinders constitute the single most important ingredient in paint systems. Degussa’s expertise in resins and complete binder sys-tems make the company the solution provider for the coatings industry. Good weathering characteristics, suitability for a wide range of applications in comparison to chlorinated binders are the positive features of thermoplastic methacrylate resins (DEGALAN®). Cus-tomers all over the world benefi t from Degussa’s leading position in polyester resins (DYNAPOL®) for both hard and fl exible coil and can coatings. Specialty resins improve the intermediate adhesion and fl ow behavior of coatings on critical substrates. They also provide lasting corrosion protection. The silicone-based/silicone-hybrid binders (SILIKOPHEN®, SILIKOFTAL® and SILIKOPON®) are a class on their own in providing resistance against heat, weather, corrosion, chemicals and UV.

CrosslinkersDegussa is one of the leading suppliers of high-performance crosslinkers for all major modern coating technologies. Aliphatic PUR crosslinkers from Degussa for exterior applications exhibit an excellent durability profi le in various systems like liquid 2-pack or 1 pack systems and also in powder coatings technol-ogy. Recent developments with uretdione-based VESTAGON® BF crosslinkers resulted in low temperature cure powder coatings for temperature sensitive substrates. Degussa’s aliphatic diamines are the basis for industry-standard epoxy hardeners for industrial fl oorings etc.Functional silanes of the Dynasylan® range are used as curing agents in specifi c applications leading to excellent adhesion to mineral substrates.As a specialist in crosslinking agents, Degussa offers a range of bi-, tri- and tetrafunctional chemicals labeled TAICROS® aqua and phenyl bisoxazolines.

AdditivesA multitude of coatings contain additives besides pigments and binders. They play an important role in the development of high-quality coating systems. TEGO® Dispers 655 permits low shear bronze slurries and inhibits reagglomeration of effect pigments. This special property per-mits waterborne effect coatings with a particularly long shelf life. Degussa offers modifi ed and unmodifi ed ketone condensation resins labeled as synthetic resins. They improve the solids content and yield of coating systems and printing inks. AEROSIL® fumed silica is widely used to control the rheology of liquid paints and coatings. It prevents hard settling in coating systems containing pigments, fi llers or matting agents. IONOL® stands for a family of effi cient, long-term stabilizing phenolic antioxidants maintaining product quality. And adding VESTOSINT® fi ne powders to coating formulations results in abrasion-resistant, highly elastic textured coatings. The particles act as impact absorbers and prevent the surface from cracking.

MattingMatting agents made by Degussa can modify the surface in a way that makes the light hitting it scatter in a defi ned fashion. The company offers thermal silicas as well as untreated and surface-treated precipitated silicas. For the coatings industry Degussa offers matting agents under ACEMATT® brand. Radiation-cured systems (ACEMATT® 3300) are gaining ground in an increasing number of applications thanks to their favorable emissions behavior. The most important market segment in Europe is the wood coating sector with over 14 %. Silk matt effects in water based, solvent based and in powder coatings can also be achieved by adding a micronized wax of the VESTOWAX® series.

Coloring As a supplier of gas, furnace and lamp blacks, Degussa has a broad product portfolio encompassing colorant and pigment black tech-nologies for optimizing customer ink, paint and coatings solutions. Pigment Blacks, e.g. PRINTEX® are produced in seven carbon black plants spread around the world. The latest development is NEROX® – a new product group of oxidized pigment blacks for high-perfor-mance industrial coatings and printing inks.The COLORTREND® Color Systems leads the portfolio with low-VOC, non-VOC and APE-free colorants technology for decorative paint and coatings applications. These systems include full customizing services for color formulation and state-of-the-art color merchandising for “Point of Sales Tinting”. Additional color concepts for industrial coat-ings can be adapted to specifi c customer requirements.INXEL™ preparations are dust-free, easily dispersible in granular form and provide excellent pigment stabilization and hence very good color development.

journal

Imprint Editor Degussa GmbH, Benningsenplatz 1, 40474 Düsseldorf, Germany

Editoral team Rainer Lomölder (V.i.s.d.P.) • Rolf Dülm • Wernfried HeilenWilfried Robers • Torsten Stojanik • contact: [email protected]

Layout/Design Liebchen+Liebchen GmbH, 60386 Frankfurt am Main, Germany www.LplusL.com

Print mt druck Walter Thiele GmbH & Co., Printed in Germany

D E G U S S A 4 C O AT I N G S

Eight Degussa business units will be showcasing a wide range of products at this year’s European Coatings Show, to be held 8 – 10 May 2007. The products will be presented over a 500 square me-ter area at the Smart Formulating stand in Hall 1. Smart Formulating is the concept Degussa has been following for the last four years in the paints and coatings market. It stands for our promise to work closely with customers to develop innovative, effective, and individual solutions for formulating modern coloring and coating systems. The presen-tation of the system solutions offered has evolved since 2005 from a shop-in-shop concept into a cus-tomer-oriented presentation organized by coatings components.

Says Dirk Hoffmann, spokesperson for the Coatings team: “The development of this show was based

on a questionnaire distributed to 300 customers at ECS 2005.” Considerably more than 80 percent of customers rated the organization, design, and functionality of our trade show stand as good or very good. However, we did identify potential for improvement with regard to focus and clarity and we implemented changes accordingly in a more „open“ concept for this year’s show, a major event

in the coatings world.” “It wasn’t easy to realize these wishes for an area of this magnitude,” adds Hoffmann, “but alert visitors will recognize the fa-miliar component colors and the distinctive Smart Formulating color wheel, and will fi nd their way to the right contact much more easily.” Degussa’s coatings experts are already looking forward to welcoming you to the show.

European Coatings Show,

Nuremberg, May 8 – 10, 2007Hall 1, Booth 1-315