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Government Chang’an 1 Million people, including foreigners who were traders and merchants 1 Million people, including foreigners who were traders and merchants 30 square miles 30 square miles
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Tang DynastyTang Dynasty618-907618-907
BeginningsBeginningsGeneral Li Shimin founded Tang General Li Shimin founded Tang
dynastydynastyNamed Taizong – “Great Named Taizong – “Great
Ancestor”Ancestor”Fixed of Chinese and Fixed of Chinese and “barbarian” blood“barbarian” blood
First had his father on the First had his father on the throne, who abdicatedthrone, who abdicated
GovernmentGovernmentChang’an Chang’an
1 Million people, including 1 Million people, including foreigners who were traders foreigners who were traders and merchantsand merchants
30 square miles30 square miles
GovernmentGovernmentCivil service examsCivil service exams
Supported by government Supported by government schoolsschools
Forbidden to serve in native Forbidden to serve in native places “ rule of avoidance”places “ rule of avoidance”
Limited to terms of 3 yearsLimited to terms of 3 yearsMoved to different districtsMoved to different districtsReduced power of great Reduced power of great familiesfamilies
GovernmentGovernmentMilitary based on MilitiaMilitary based on MilitiaRevenue system – based on Revenue system – based on
land taxland taxGovernment monopoly on Government monopoly on
Salt, tea, and liquorSalt, tea, and liquorRebuilt road and canal Rebuilt road and canal
network with post stationsnetwork with post stations
CultureCultureGolden Age of Art and Golden Age of Art and
LiteratureLiterature
ArtArtGlazes on PotteryGlazes on PotteryFocused on Human FigureFocused on Human FigureMonochromaticMonochromatic
Dish in the Shape of a Leaf
Night Shinning White
Phoenix-headed ewer
Floral Medallions
Seated Buddha
Standing Court Lady
Culture cont’dCulture cont’d
PoetsPoetsLia BaiLia BaiBu FuBu Fu
TechnologyTechnologyCast ironCast ironCrossbowCrossbowGunpowder,Gunpowder,Compass Compass PorcelainPorcelain
Coal as fuelCoal as fuelWaterwheelsWaterwheelsPaper Paper
CurrencyCurrencyWheelbarrowWheelbarrowWallpaperWallpaper
ExpansionExpansionOverseas trade expanded with Overseas trade expanded with
absorption of Fujian and absorption of Fujian and absorption of southeast coast absorption of southeast coast
Reincorporated northern Reincorporated northern Vietnam, Xinjiang, and southern Vietnam, Xinjiang, and southern ManchuriaManchuria
Incorporated Korea as a tributary Incorporated Korea as a tributary statestate
CollapseCollapseRevenue base began to erodeRevenue base began to erodeImperial land grants to notables Imperial land grants to notables
who avoided taxeswho avoided taxesPopulation grew more quickly Population grew more quickly
than land and money could than land and money could provideprovide
Began outlawing contact with Began outlawing contact with other ethnicitiesother ethnicities
CollapseCollapseMilitary supported by mercenariesMilitary supported by mercenariesEunuchs’ power increasingEunuchs’ power increasingRebellionsRebellions
Country divided by generalsCountry divided by generalsAttacked by groups in the north, Attacked by groups in the north,
taking control of including southern taking control of including southern ManchuriaManchuria
Ended in chaos and civil warEnded in chaos and civil war
Song Song DynastyDynasty
966-1279966-1279
BeginningsBeginningsFollows Five Follows Five
Dynasty Period and Dynasty Period and later Zhou Periodlater Zhou Period
General Guo Wei General Guo Wei rival of Later Zhou rival of Later Zhou conquered middle conquered middle Yangzi region of ChuYangzi region of Chu
Kingdom of Shu of Kingdom of Shu of Sichuan Sichuan
GovernmentGovernment Issued paper currency credited growth Issued paper currency credited growth
of commerceof commerceCivil Service recruited for higher posts Civil Service recruited for higher posts
from educated who passed three from educated who passed three levels of imperial examinationslevels of imperial examinations
Personal Property assessed for Personal Property assessed for TaxationTaxation
Trained Militia and supplied with ArmsTrained Militia and supplied with ArmsStrengthen Loyalty and Quality of Strengthen Loyalty and Quality of
ArmyArmy
GovernmentGovernmentGovernment SchoolsGovernment SchoolsOpen to anyone of Open to anyone of abilityabilityAllowed others a chance at office Allowed others a chance at office
holdingholdingPaid Mongols and others in silk Paid Mongols and others in silk
and other goods as a way to and other goods as a way to pacify would be attackerspacify would be attackers
CultureCultureSong PoetrySong Poetry
Wáng ĀnshíWáng ĀnshíZeng Gong Zeng Gong
Paintings focusing on LandscapesPaintings focusing on LandscapesHarmony between humans and Harmony between humans and
naturenaturePatronized by Rich Urban MerchantsPatronized by Rich Urban MerchantsPopularization of Vernacular Popularization of Vernacular
LanguageLanguage
Summer Mountains
Scholar on Horseback with Traveling HatScholar on Horseback with Traveling Hat
Chinese Song dynasty Henan jarChinese Song dynasty Henan jar
Glazed Clay JarGlazed Clay Jar
TechnologyTechnologyImproved Improved
Farming Farming Techniques – Techniques – Irrigation, Irrigation, fertilization, fertilization, metal tools and metal tools and proto-proto-machinesmachines
Ships with Ships with water-tight water-tight compartmentscompartments
WaterwheelsWaterwheelsIncline PlanesIncline PlanesCanal LocksCanal LocksGunpowderGunpowderMortarsMortars
Depletion of EmpireDepletion of EmpireShrank in size, Shrank in size,
gave up land gave up land including Taipei, including Taipei,
Abandoned TibetAbandoned TibetManchuria in Khitan Manchuria in Khitan
controlcontrolVietnam and Korea Vietnam and Korea
more independentmore independent
Collapse of Northern SongCollapse of Northern SongAlliance with Jurchen against Alliance with Jurchen against
KhitanKhitanUnimpressed with Song’s Unimpressed with Song’s
military abilitiesmilitary abilitiesCaptured capital of Kaifeng 1126Captured capital of Kaifeng 1126Treaty with Jurchen fixed border Treaty with Jurchen fixed border
at Huai Riverat Huai RiverPay annual tributePay annual tribute
Collapse of Southern SongCollapse of Southern SongAttacks by Jurchen and MongolsAttacks by Jurchen and Mongols
Attacks by Jurchen take over Attacks by Jurchen take over Northern ChinaNorthern China
Song establish Southern Song Song establish Southern Song DynastyDynasty
Including Chinghis and Kubilai Including Chinghis and Kubilai KhanKhan
Mongols eventually take over Song Mongols eventually take over Song China and establish Yuan DyanstyChina and establish Yuan Dyansty