Chapter 12

Section 1

Key Terms

Tang Taizong Wu Zhao Moveable type gentry

The Tang Dynasty Expands China Wendi first emperor

of Sui Dynasty Grand canal

connected Huang He and Chiang Jang Rivers

1 million people, five years, 1000 miles

Thousands more built the Great Wall

Tang Rulers Create a Powerful Empire Lasted 300 years Tang Taizong 626-

649 Empire expanded Wu Zhao 690 Only female

emperor Expanded roads and

canals Promoted trade and

agricultrue

Scholar-Officials Civil service exams Large bureaucracy Exams open to all Only wealthy could

afford education Talent and

education more important than noble birth

Tang Lose Power Imposed heavy

taxes 751 Muslim armies

defeated Chinese Central Asia in

foreign hands 907 rebels burn

Tang capitol Murder Tang

emperor a child

Song Dynasty Restores China 960 Taizu unites

China Song- first emperor Song emperors tried

to buy peace 1100’s Manchurians

conquer China Song capitol-

Hangzhou South China

economic heartland

An Era of Prosperity and Innovation Tang and Song

dynasties population doubles

Moveable type-printer could arrange blocks of individual characters

Gunpowder- led to bombs, grenades, rockets

An Era of Prosperity and Innovation Porcelain Mechanical clock Paper money Magnetic compass

for sailing 1000-1200’s

advances in Algebra Math using negative

numbers

Agriculture Cultivation of rice Two crops a year Officials distribute

the Viet Nam rice Produce more food Population grows

Trade and Foreign Contracts Tang and Song

foreign trade flourished

China increased sea trade

Sailed to India, Persia, Africa

Culture spread to East Asia

Buddhism spread to Viet Nam, Korea, Japan

A Golden Age of Poetry and Art Tang period- great

poetry Li Bo- wrote about

life’s pleasures Praised Confucian

order Song dynasty-

Chinese psinting

Changes in Chinese Society Old aristocratic

families disappear Gentry-upper class

Attained status through education

Civil service positions

Urban middle classMerchantsArtisansMinor officials

Changes in Chinese Society Bottom of social

orderSoldiersLaborersServantsCountryside was the

largest class the peasants

Toiled for wealthy landowners

Status of Women Subservient to men Further declined

under Tang and Song

Women less important to prosperity

Peasant women worked in the fields

Binding feet of upper class

Status of Women Lily foot- broken

arch Crippled for life Reflected wealth

and prestige of the husband

Could afford impractical wife