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Abstracts / Brain Stimulation 7 (2014) e1ee16e6
computational analyses performed in our laboratory and their usein susceptible populations, such as in subjects with skull defects,obesity or after stroke. Though modeling for non-invasive brainstimulation is still in its development phase, it is predicted thatwith increased validation, dissemination, simplification anddemocratization of modeling tools, computational forward modelsof neuromodulation will become useful tools to guide the optimi-zation of clinical electrotherapy.
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Talking and tDCS Treatment for Stroke Survivors with AphasiaElizabeth Galletta a,b,*, Amy Vogel b, Steven Baumann c
a Speech-Language Pathology & Audiology, Hunter College, the CityUniversity of New Yorkb Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences, Graduate School, the CityUniversity of New YorkcNursing, Hunter College, the City University of New York*E-mail: [email protected].
This pilot study involves the use of transcranial direct currentstimulation (tDCS), in conjunction with speech-language therapyfor aphasia. In recent years, researchers have investigated the use ofnoninvasive brain stimulation techniques such as TMS (transcranialmagnetic stimulation) and tDCS for the modulation of brain activityto improve function post stroke. In contrast to TMS, administeringspeech-language therapy at the same time is feasible with tDCSsince the environment is quiet. Although several studies includebehavioral therapy, the specifics regarding the speech-languagetreatment have not been described, and most studies simplyreference traditional naming therapy. The specific behavioralspeech-language protocol for this study will be highlighted, as thetreatment administered may have implications for tDCS outcomes.In this pilot we compare the effects of anodal tDCS targeting lan-guage centers in the left hemisphere, and cathodal tDCS inhibitingBroca’s area homologue in the right hemisphere, in the presence ofconcurrent speech-language therapy that includes treatment at thesingle-word, sentence, and conversational levels. The independentvariable of this cross over study is tDCS intervention, and thedependent variables are speech-language abilities, depressivesymptoms, and health-related quality of life. Subjects will receive10 sessions of speech-language treatment in conjunctionwith tDCSand 10 sessions of speech-language treatment without tDCS (shamstimulation). The specific behavioral speech-language protocol willbe highlighted as will the recruitment process. Four pilot partici-pants have been screened. Therewere three screen failures, and oneparticipant is eligible for study inclusion. Recruitment is ongoing.
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Using independent components analysis (ICA) to removeartifacts associated with transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS) from electroencephalography (EEG) data: A comparisonof ICA algorithmsBrian A. Coffman a,b,c,d,*, Michael A. Hunter a,b,c,e,f, Aaron P. Jones a,b,c,e,Heather A. Saxon a,b, Krista Kolodjeski a,b, Bryce Lockmiller a,b,Omar Khan a,b, Tristan Collar a,b, Julia M. Stephen c,Vincent P. Clark a,b,c,d
a Psychology Clinical Neuroscience Center, The University of NewMexico, Albuquerque, NM, USAbDepartment of Psychology, The University of New Mexico,Albuquerque, NM, USAc The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical andEnvironmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USAdDepartment of Neurosciences, The University of New Mexico Schoolof Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USAeDepartment of Psychiatry, The University of New Mexico School ofMedicine, Albuquerque ,NM,USA
f Psychiatry Research, New Mexico Raymond G. Murphy VA HealthcareSystem, Albuquerque, NM, USA*E-mail: [email protected].
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is becomingincreasingly popular for the augmentation of cognition and thera-peutic intervention for cognitive dysfunction. In particular, tDCS hasshown promise for the enhancement of working memory andattention across a wide range of studies (for a review, see Coffmanet al., 2013). Electroencephalography (EEG) is often employed toexamine the electrophysiological correlates of attention andworkingmemory. Unfortunately, the combined use of tDCS and EEGleads to a non-trivial issue: voltage fluctuation at the scalp associ-ated with constant current maintenance by tDCS results in a large,often global artifact in the EEG signal. This extraphysiologic artifactcan be simultaneously monitored and removed online during EEG(Schestatsky et al, 2013); however, this requires special equipment,whichmay not be available inmany labs and clinics due to cost and/or technological incompatibility. An alternative option is the use ofindependent components analysis (ICA) to isolate and remove thisartifact. Here we compare six popular ICA algorithms commonlyused to remove ECOG and EKG artifacts in EEG data (AMICA, Info-max, fastica, jade, sobi, acsobico; available with EEGLAB). TDCSartifact removal was compared using multiple pre-processed 128-channel EEG datasets (BioSemi) acquired during tDCS, during anattention and a decision-making task, with two different tDCSelectrode placements. Artifact removal was best accomplished withthe AMICA algorithm, as indexed by mutual information reduction,mean and variability of component source (dipole) distances fromelectrode locations, and number of components clustered with thecomponent that best represents the tDCS voltage fluctuation.
References
Coffman, B.A., Clark, V.P, & Parasuraman, R. (2013). Battery poweredthought: Enhancement of attention, learning, and memory inhealthy adults using transcranial direct current stimulation.Neuroimage, in press.
Schestatsky, P., Morales-Quezada, L., & Fregni, F. (2013).Simulta-neous EEG Monitoring During Transcranial Direct Current Stim-ulation. Journal of visualized experiments: JoVE, (76).
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Speech-language neurorehabilitation: Preliminary results oftDCS and robotic arm training in single left ischemic stroke.Carolyn Falconer a,b,*, Adam Buchwald a, Dylan Edwards b,caDepartment of Communicative Sciences and Disorders, New YorkUniversity, New York, NYbNon-Invasive Brain Stimulation and Human Motor ControlLaboratory, Burke Medical Research Institute, White Plains, NYcDepartment of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Cornell MedicalCollege, New York, NY*E-mail: [email protected].
Previous research using tDCS with robotic therapy to treat rightarm hemiplegia/paresis secondary to left-hemisphere stroke sug-gested that participants may improve their speech/language pro-duction, even in the absence of specific speech/languageintervention (Hesse, 2007). One explanation for this finding is thatleft cortical speech/language regions may be stimulated by motortreatment of the right arm and/or by tDCS applied to left motorcortex. We report a preliminary trans-disciplinary study investi-gating changes in measures of speech/language processing subse-quent to anodal or sham tDCS preceding robotic arm treatment.
Speech/language was evaluated with standardized normed in-struments before and after participation in 12 weeks (36 sessions)of tDCS preceding robotic arm RCT. Participants were randomly
