Tales and Poems Becquer

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The Project Gutenberg EBook of Legends, Tales and Poemsby Gustavo Adolfo BecquerEdited ith !ntroduction, "otes and #ocabulary, by Everett $ard %lmsted

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Title* Legends, Tales and Poems

Author* Gustavo Adolfo BecquerEdited ith !ntroduction, "otes and #ocabulary, by Everett $ard %lmsted

+elease ate* -anuary ./, .00/ 1EBook 23043/5

Language* English

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!n (re(aring this collection of Becquer?s legends, tales, and short(oems, hich is the only annotated edition of this author?s orks thathas been (ublished as yet for English)s(eaking students, the editorhas aimed to give to our schools and colleges a book that may serve,not only as a reader for first or second year classes, but also as anintroduction to 7(anish literature, through the orks of one of themost original and charming authors of the 7(anish +omantic school&

8ondness for good literature should be stimulated from the very first,and the quaint tales and legends of old 7(ain contained in this

edition, told, as they are, in a most fascinating style, are ellada(ted to ca(tivate the student?s interest and to lead him toinvestigate further the rich mine of 7(anish literature& Becquer?s(oetry is no less (leasing than his (rose, and not much more difficultto read& $ith the aid of the am(le treatise on 7(anish versificationcontained in the introduction, the student ill be enabled toa((reciate the harmony and rhythm of Becquer?s verse, and in allsubsequent reading of 7(anish (oetry he ill find this treatise aconvenient and valuable ork of reference&

The Life of Becquer, though concise, is (erha(s the most com(lete thathas yet been (ublished, for it embodies all the data given by (reviousbiogra(hers and a certain number of facts gathered by the riter atthe time of his last visit to 7(ain @in 30)30CD, from friends ofBecquer ho ere then living&

The vocabulary has been made sufficiently com(lete to free the notesfrom that too frequent translation of ords or (hrases hich oftenencumbers them&

The notes have been (rinted in the only convenient (lace for them, atthe bottom of each (age, and ill be found to be as com(lete anddefinite as (ossible on geogra(hical, biogra(hical, historical, orother (oints that may not be familiar to the student or the teacher&All grammatical or syntactical matter, unless of a difficult or(eculiar character, has been omitted, hile the literary citationsthat abound ill, it is ho(ed, stimulate the student to do further

reading and to make literary com(arisons of his on&

!t remains for the editor to e(ress his (rofound gratitude to thefolloing gentlemen for their aid in collecting facts regardingBecquer and for their encouragement of this ork* the EcFmoH 7r&:onde de las "avas, the EcFmoH 7r& Licenciado & -ose Gestoso yPereI, and the EcFmoH 7r& & 8rancisco de Laiglesia& !t is his(leasure also to convey his thanks to Professor George L& Burr of:ornell ;niversity for aid in certain of the historical notes, andmost es(ecially to gratefully acknoledge his indebtedness to the aid,



or rather collaboration, of =r& Arthur Gordon of :ornell ;niversity,and =r& $& +& Price of the 9igh 7chool of :ommerce, "e 'ork :ity&

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M!n 7eville, along the Guadalquivir, and close to the bank that leadsto the convent of 7an -erNnimo, may be found a kind of lagoon, hichfertiliIes a miniature valley formed by the natural slo(e of the bank,at that (oint very high and stee(& To or three leafy hite (o(lars,intertining their branches, (rotect the s(ot from the rays of thesun, hich rarely succeeds in sli((ing through them& Their leaves(roduce a soft and (leasing murmur as the ind stirs them and causesthem to a((ear no silver, no green, according to the (oint fromhich it blos& A illo bathes its roots in the current of the

stream, toard hich it leans as though boed by an invisible eight,and all about are multitudes of reeds and yello lilies, such as gros(ontaneously at the edges of s(rings and streams&

M$hen ! as a boy of fourteen or fifteen, and my soul as overfloingith numberless longings, ith (ure thoughts and ith that infiniteho(e that is the most (recious jeel of youth, hen ! deemed myself a(oet, hen my imagination as full of those (leasing tales of theclassic orld, and +ioja in his OsilvasO to the floers, 9errera inhis tender elegies, and all my 7eville singers, the Penates of my



s(ecial literature, s(oke to me continually of the majestic Btis, theriver of nym(hs, naiads, and (oets, hich, croned ith belfries andlaurels, flos to the sea from a crystal am(hora, ho often, absorbedin the contem(lation of my childish dreams, ! ould go and sit u(onits bank, and there, here the (o(lars (rotected me ith their shado,ould give rein to my fancies, and conjure u( one of those im(ossibledreams in hich the very skeleton of death a((eared before my eyes in

s(lendid, fascinating garbQ ! used to dream then of a ha((y,inde(endent life, like that of the bird, hich is born to sing, andreceives its food from God& ! used to dream of that tranquil life ofthe (oet, hich glos ith a soft light from generation to generation&! used to dream that the city that sa my birth ould one day sellith (ride at my name, adding it to the brilliant list of herillustrious sons, and, hen death should (ut an end to my eistence,that they ould lay me don to dream the golden dream of immortalityon the banks of the Btis, hose (raises ! should have sung ins(lendid odes, and in that very s(ot here ! used to go so often tohear the seet murmur of its aves& A hite stone ith a cross and myname should be my only monument&

MThe hite (o(lars, saying night and day above my grave, should seemto utter (rayers for my soul in the rustling of their green and silverleaves& !n them the birds should come and nest, that they might singat dan a joyous hymn to the resurrection of the s(irit to regionsmore serene& The illo, covering the s(ot ith floating shados,should lend to it its on vague sadness, as it bent and shed about itssoft, an leaves, as if to (rotect and to caress my mortal s(oils& Theriver, too, hich in flood tide might almost come and kiss the borderof the slab o?ergron ith reeds, should lull my slee( ith (leasantmusic& And hen some time had (assed, and (atches of moss had begun tos(read over the stone, a dense groth of ild morning)glories, ofthose blue morning)glories ith a disk of carmine in the center, hich! loved so much, should gro u( by its side, tining through itscrevices and clothing it ith their broad trans(arent leaves, hich,by ! kno not hat mystery, have the form of hearts& Golden insectsith ings of light, hose buIIing lulls to slee( on heatedafternoons, should come and hover round their chalices, and one ouldbe obliged to dra aside the leafy curtain to read my name, noblurred by time and moisture& But hy should my name be readR $hoould not kno that ! as slee(ing thereRM135

18ootnote 3* O%bras de Gustavo A& BecquerO, =adrid, 344, vol& !!, ((& ./.)./& This edition ill be understood hereafter in all references to the orks of Becquer&5

7o mused the (oet Becquer135 in the golden days of his youth, hen hisveins ere selling ith health, hen his heart as fired ith

ambition, and in his ears as ringing the joyous invitation of hismuse&

18ootnote 3* The name is s(elled indifferently ith or ithout accent))OBcquerO or OBecquerO& !n the choice of the latter s(elling, the authority of his (rinci(al biogra(her, +amNn +odrigueI :orrea, has been folloed&5

9is knoledge of the orld as confined to the enchanting city of hisbirth& 9er gems of art and architecture had rought themselves into



the fabric of his dreamsS he had mused in her (alm)gardens, orshi(edin her tem(les, and dreamed long afternoons on the shores of herhistoric river& 9e kne nothing of the cold, (rosaic orld of selfishinterests& The time had not yet come hen, in bitterness of s(irit,and ra((ing his mantle about him against the chill ind ofindifference, he should say* MTo)day my sole ambition is to be asu(ernumerary in the vast human comedy, and hen my silent role is

ended, to ithdra behind the scenes, neither hissed nor a((lauded,making my eit unnoticed&M135

18ootnote 3* O%brasO, vol& !!, (& .3&5

!ndeed, in those later days of trial and hardshi(, he ould often lookout earily u(on =adrid, the city of his ado(tion, the scene of hiscrushing struggle ith necessity, as it lay outs(read before hisindos,))Mdirty, black, and ugly as a fleshless skeleton, shiveringunder its immense shroud of sno,M135 and in his mind he ould conjureu( the city of his youth, his ever cherished 7eville, Mith herOGiraldaO of laceork, mirrored in the trembling Guadalquivir, ithher narro and tortuous =oorish streets, in hich one fancies still he

hears the strange cracking sound of the alk of the -usticiary <ingS7eville, ith her barred indos and her love)songs, her irondoor)screens and her night atchmen, her altar)(ieces and her stories,her brals and her music, her tranquil nights and her fieryafternoons, her rosy dans and her blue tilightsS 7eville, ith allthe traditions that tenty centuries have hea(ed u(on her bro, ithall the (om( and s(lendor of her southern nature&M1.5 "o ords of(raise seemed too gloing for her ardent lover&

18ootnote 3* O!bidO&, vol& !!!, (& iii&5

18ootnote .* O%brasO, vol& !!!, ((& 30)330&5

By some strange mystery, hoever, it had been decreed by fate that heshould only meet ith disa((ointment in every object of his love& Thecity of his birth as no ece(tion to the rule* since Becquer?s deathit has made but little effort to requite his dee( devotion or satisfyhis youthful dreams& 'ou may search Mthe bank of the Guadalquivir thatleads to the ruined convent of 7an -erNnimo,M you may s(y among thesilvery (o(lars or the illos groing there, you may thrust aside thereeds and yello lilies or the tangled groth of morning)glories, butall in vain))no Mhite stone ith a crossM a((ears& 'ou may anderthrough the city?s many churches, but no tomb to the illustrious (oetill you find, no monument in any square& 9is body slee(s ell)nighforgotten in the cemetery of 7an "icols in =adrid&

!f you ill turn your ste(s, hoever, to the ObarrioO of 7eville in

hich the celebrated & =iguel de =aUara, the original ty(e of O-uanTenorioO and the OEstudiante de 7alamancaO, felt the mysterious bloand sa his on funeral train file by, and ill enter the littlestreet of the :onde de Barajas, you ill find on the facade of thehouse "o& .C a modest but tasteful tablet bearing the ords

E" E7TA :A7A "A:!V G;7TA#% A%L8% BE:>;E+



J#!! 8EB+E+% =:::JJJ#!&135

18ootnote 3* This memorial, hich as uncovered on -anuary 30th, 344C, is due to a little grou( of Becquer?s admirers, and es(ecially to the ins(iration of a young Argentine (oet, +omn Garcia Pereira @hose O:anto BecquerO, (ublished in OLa !lustraciNn ArtWsticaO, Barcelona, ecember .X, 344C, is a tribute orthy of the (oet ho

ins(ired itD, and to the (ersonal efforts of the illustrious 7eville scholar, on -os Gestoso y PreI& !t is only fair to add here that there is also an inferior street in 7eville named for Becquer&5

9ere Gustavo Adolfo omingueI Becquer o(ened his eyes u(on thisinhos(itable orld& Eight days later he as ba(tiIed in the church of7an LorenIo&135 9e as one of a family of eight sons, Eduardo,Estanislao, #aleriano, Gustavo Adolfo, Alfredo, +icardo, -orge, and-ose& 9is father, on -ose omingueI Becquer, as a ell)knon 7evillegenre (ainter& 9e died hen Gustavo as but a child of five, too youngto be taught the (rinci(les of his artS but he nevertheless bequeathedto him the artistic tem(erament that as so dominant a trait in the(oet?s genius& Becquer?s mother, oUa -oaquina, survived his father

but a short time, and left her children or(haned hile they ere yetvery young& Gustavo as but nine and a half years old at the time ofhis mother?s death& 8ortunately an old and childless uncle, & -uan#argas, took charge of the motherless boys until they could find homesor em(loyment&

18ootnote 3* The folloing is a co(y of his ba(tismal record*

MEn jueves . de 8ebrero de 34YC aUos & Antonio +odrigueI Arenas Pbro& con licencia del infrascrito :ura de la Parroquial de 7n& LorenIo de 7evilla* bautiIN solemnemente Gustavo Adolfo que naciN en 3X de dicho mes y aUo hijo de -os omingueI #equer @OsicOD y oUa -uaquina @OsicOD Bastida su legitima mujer& 8u su madrina oUa =anuela =onchay vecina de la collaciNn de 7n& =iguel la que se advirtiN el (arentesco es(iritual y obligaciones y (ara verdad lo firm&))Antonio Lucena :ura&M 7ee La O!llustraciNn ArtWsticaO, Barcelona, ecember .X, 344C, ((& YCY)YCC& :itations from this (eriodical ill hereafter refer to the issue of this date&5

Gustavo Adolfo received his first instruction at the :ollege of 7anAntonio Abad& After the loss of his mother his uncle (rocured for himadmission to the :ollege of 7an Telmo, a training school fornavigators, situated on the banks of the Guadalquivir in the edificethat later became the (alace of the ukes of =ont(ensier& Thisestablishment had been founded in 3C43 in the ancient suburb of=arruecos as a reorganiIation of the famous OEscuela de =areantesO@navigatorsD of Triana& The Government bore the cost of maintenance

and instruction of the (u(ils of this school, to hich ere admittedonly (oor and or(haned boys of noble etraction& Gustavo fulfilled allthese requirements& !ndeed, his family, hich had come to 7eville atthe close of the siteenth century or at the beginning of theseventeenth century, from 8landers, as one of the most distinguishedof the ton& !t had even counted among its illustrious members a7eville #einticuatro, and no one ho as unable to (resent (roof ofnoble lineage could as(ire to that distinction&135

18ootnote 3* Mon =artin Becquer, OmayoraIgoO and O#einticuatroO, of



7eville, native of 8landers, married oUa Zrsula WeI de Tejada& Born to them ere on -uan and oUa =encia Becquer& The latter married on -ulin omingueI, by hom she had a son on Antonio omWngueI y Becquer, ho in turn contracted marriage ith oUa =aria Antonia !nsausti y Bausa& Their son as on -ose omingueI !nsausti y Bausa, husband of oUa -oaquina Bastida y #argas, and father of the (oet Becquer&M The arms of the family Mere a shield of aIure

ith a chevron of gold, charged ith five stars of aIure, to leaves of clover in gold in the u((er corners of the shield, and in the (oint a cron of gold&M The language of the original is not technical, and ! have translated literally& 7ee O:arta =& Achille 8ouquierO, by & -ose Gestoso y PreI, in OLa !lustraciNn ArtWsticaO, ((& YCY)YCC&5

Among the students of 7an Telmo there as one, "arciso :am(illo, forhom Gustavo felt a s(ecial friendshi(,))a lad hose literary tastes,like his on, had develo(ed early, and ho as destined, later on, tooccu(y no mean (osition in the field of letters& $riting of those daysof his youth, 7eUor :am(illo says* M%ur childhood friendshi( asstrengthened by our life in common, earing as e did the same

uniform, eating at the same table, and slee(ing in an immense hall,hose arches, columns, and melancholy lam(s, sus(ended at intervals, !can see before me still&

M! enjoy recalling this e(och of our first literary utterance@OvagidoOD, and ! say OourO, for hen he as but ten years old and !eleven, e com(osed and (resented in the aforesaid school @7an TelmoDa fearful and etravagant drama, hich, if my memory serves me right,as entitled Los O:onjuradosO @?The :ons(irators?D& $e likeise begana novel& ! onder at the confidence ith hich these to children, soignorant in all res(ects, launched forth u(on the to literary linesthat require most knoledge of man, society, and life& The time asyet to come hen by dint of (ainful struggles and hard trials theyshould (ossess that knoledge, as difficult to gain as it isbitterQM135

18ootnote 3* Article on Gustavo Adolfo Becquer, by "arciso :am(illo, in La !lustraciNn ArtWstica, ((& Y4)YC05

7hortly after the matriculation of young Becquer, the :ollege of 7anTelmo as su((ressed by royal orders, and the lad found himself in thestreets& 9e as then received into the home of his godmother, oUa=anuela =onchay, ho as a oman of kind heart and much intelligence&7he (ossessed a fair library, hich as (ut at the dis(osal of theboyS and here he gratified his love for reading, and (erfected hisliterary taste& To orks that had considerable influence u(on him atthis time ere the %des of 9orace, translated by P& ;rbano :am(os, and

the (oems of Korrilla& 9e began to rite verses of his on, but thesehe later burned&

M!n 34/,M says 7eUor :am(illo, Mthere ere to noteorthy (ainters in7eville, hose studios ere o(en to and frequented by numerousstudents, future rivals, each in his on imagination, of the gloriesof #elasqueI and =urillo& %ne of these studios, situated in the samebuilding as the =useo de Pinturas, as that of & Antonio :abralBejarano, a man not to be forgotten for his talent, and (erha(s alsofor his it, the delight of those ho kne him& The other, situated in



an u((er room of the =oorish OalcIar de AbdelasisO, near the (atioOde BanderasO, as directed by & -oaquin omingueI Becquer, a brotherand disci(le of & -ose, Gustavo?s father&M135

18ootnote 3* "arciso :am(illo, OlocO& cit&5

!n s(ite of this relationshi(, Gustavo Adolfo, at the age of fourteen,

entered the studio of Bejarano& There he remained for to years,(racticing the art of draing, for hich he had a natural talent& 9ethen came under the instruction of his uncle, ho, judging that hisne(he as even better qualified for a literary than for an artisticcareer, advised him to follo the former, and (rocured for him a feLatin lessons& =eanhile Gustavo continued to enlarge his (oeticalhoriIon by reading from the great (oets and by the contem(lation ofthe beauties of nature& $ith his friend :am(illo he com(osed the firstthree cantos of a (oem entitled La O:onquista de 7evillaO, and ithhim he andered about the beautiful city of his birth and dreamed suchdreams as the one ith hich this !ntroduction begins&

Gustavo?s godmother, ho as a oman in easy circumstances and ithout

children or near relatives, ould doubtless have bequeathed to him her(ro(erty had he fulfilled her ishes and settled don to an honorablemercantile life& But the child, ho had learned to dra and to com(osealmost before he could rite, and ho had alays (aled before thesim(lest (roblem of arithmetic, could not reconcile himself to such alife& The artist ithin him rebelled, and at the age of seventeen anda half, feeling the attraction of the ca(ital strong u(on him, he badefareell to the friends of his youth and set out to seek for fame andfortune& !t as in the autumn of 34/ that Becquer arrived in =adrid,Mith em(ty (ockets, but ith a head full of treasures that ere not,alas, to enrich him&M 9ere he encountered an indifference that he hadnot dreamed ofS and here he remained in the shado of oblivion, ekingout a miserable eistence of (hysical as ell as mental suffering, inutter loneliness of s(irit, until he as joined in 34C by one hocame to be his lifelong friend and first biogra(her))+amNn +odrigueI:orrea, ho had come to the ca(ital ith the same aims as Becquer, andhose robust health and jovial tem(erament a((ealed singularly to thesad and ailing dreamer& The ne)found friend (roved indeed a godsend,for hen, in 34X, Gustavo as suffering from a terrible illness,:orrea, hile attending him, chanced to fall u(on a riting entitledOEl caudillo de las manos rojas, tradiciNn indiaO& :harmed by itsoriginality in form and conce(tion, he urged his friend to (ublish it&Becquer acquiesced, and the story as acce(ted and (ublished by LaO:rNnicaO& The joy of this first success, and (erha(s the material aidthat resulted, must have had a great deal to do ith Gustavo?s s(eedyrecovery&

A short time after this he entered ith his friend :orrea the officeof the OirecciNn de Bienes "acionalesO as co(yist, at the munificentsalary of some [30 a year& The em(loyment as decidedly contrary tohis taste, and to amuse his tedium he used often to sketch or readfrom his favorite (oets& %ne day, as he as busy sketching, theirector entered, and, seeing a grou( about Gustavo?s chair,))for theyoung artist?s sketches ere eagerly aaited and claimed by hisadmiring associates,))stole u( from behind and asked, M$hat is thisRMGustavo, sus(ecting nothing, ent on ith his sketch, and ansered ina natural tone, MThis is %(helia, (lucking the leaves from her



garland& That old codger is a grave)digger& %ver there&&&M At this,noticing that every one had risen, and that universal silence reigned,Becquer sloly turned his head& M9ere is one too many,M said theirector, and the artist as dismissed that very day&

!t cannot be said that he received the nes of his dismissalregretfully, for he had acce(ted the (osition largely to (lease a

sym(athetic friend& 7light as as the remuneration, hoever, it hadaided him to liveS and hen this resource as removed, Gustavo asagain obliged to de(end u(on his its& 9is skill ith the brush servedhim in good stead at this time, and he earned a little money by aidinga (ainter ho had been em(loyed by the =arquis of +emisa to decoratehis (alace, but ho could not do the figures in the fresco&

!n 34X, together ith other OlittrateursO, Becquer undertook the(re(aration and direction of a ork entitled O9istoria de los Tem(lesde Es(aUaO&135 Like so many of the author?s (lans, this ork remainedunfinishedS but from the single volume that a((eared can be seen hovast as the sco(e of the ork, and ho scholarly its eecution&Gustavo is himself the author of some of the best (ages contained in

the volume, as, for eam(le, those of the !ntroduction and of thecha(ters on O7an -uan de losO +eyes& 9e is likeise the author of manyof the ecellent sketches that adorn the ork, notably that of theO(ortadaO& These sketches, as ell as others (ublished elsehere, shoho eminent his ork as artist ould have been, had he decided tocultivate that field instead of literature&

18ootnote 3* The com(lete title of the ork is O9istoria de los Tem(los de Es(aUa, (ublicada bajo la (rotecciNn de 77& ==& AA& y muy reverendos seUores arIobis(os y obis(os))dirigida (or & -uan de la Puerta #iIcaino y & Gustavo Adolfo Becquer& Tomo !, =adrid, 34X& !m(renta y Estereoti(ia Es(aUola de los 7eUores "ieto y :om(aUWa&O5

Essentially an artist in tem(erament, he vieed all things from theartist?s stand(oint& 9is distaste for (olitics as strong, and hislack of interest in (olitical intrigues as (rofound& M9is artisticsoul, nurtured in the illustrious literary school of 7eville,M says:orrea, Mand develo(ed amidst Gothic :athedrals, lacy =oorish andstained)glass indos, as at ease only in the field of tradition& 9efelt at home in a com(lete civiliIation, like that of the =iddle Ages,and his artistico(olitical ideas and his fear of the ignorant crodmade him regard ith marked (redilection all that as aristocratic andhistoric, ithout hoever refusing, in his quick intelligence, torecogniIe the onderful character of the e(och in hich he lived&!ndolent, moreover, in small things,))and for him (olitical (artiesere small things,))he as alays to be found in the one in hich eremost of his friends, and in hich they talked most of (ictures,

(oetry, cathedrals, kings, and nobles& !nca(able of hatred, he never(laced his remarkable talent as a riter at the service of (oliticalanimosities, hoever certain might have been his gains&M135

18ootnote 3* +amNn +odrigueI :orrea, OPrNlogoO, in O%bras de BecquerO, vol& !, vi&5

Early in his life in =adrid, Gustavo came under the influence of acharming young oman, -ulia Es(Wn y Guilln&135 9er father asdirector of the orchestra in the Teatro +eal, and his home as a



rendeIvous of young musicians, artists, and OlittrateursO& ThereGustavo, ith :orrea, =anuel del Palacio, Augusto 8errn, and otherfriends, used to gather for musical and literary evenings, and thereGustavo used to read his verses& These he ould bring ritten on oddscra(s of (a(er, and often u(on calling cards, in his usual carelessfashion&

18ootnote 3* 7he later married on Benigno >uiroga Ballesteros, an illustrious engineer, congressman, minister of state, and man of (ublic life, ho is still living& 7he died in -anuary, 30X&5

9is friends ere not slo in discovering that the tall, dark, andbeautiful -ulia as the object of his adoration, and they advised himto declare his love o(enly& But his timid and retiring nature im(osedsilence u(on his li(s, and he never s(oke a ord of love to her& !tcannot be said, moreover, that the im(ression created u(on the younglady by the brilliant youth as such as to ins(ire a return of hismute devotion& Becquer as negligent in his dress and indifferent tohis (ersonal a((earance, and hen -ulia?s friends u(braided her forher hardness of heart she ould re(ly ith some such curt and cruel

e(igram as this* MPerha(s he ould move my heart more if he affectedmy stomach less&M135

18ootnote 3* 8acts learned from conversation ith on =anuel del Palacio, since deceased&

The editor of this sketch is indebted to the courtesy of the EcFmoH& 7r& & Benigno >uiroga Ballesteros and to his lately deceased ife, oUa -ulia, the muse of at least some of Becquer?s O+imasO, for an o((ortunity to eamine a cou(le of albums containing some of the (oet?s verse and a most interesting collection of (encil sketches, hich but confirm his admiration for Becquer?s artistic talent& 9ere is a list of the sketches*

O8irst Album*O

Lucia di Lamermoor))Eleven sketches, including frontis(iece&

A dream, or rather a nightmare, in hich a man is (ictured in a restless slee(, ith a small devil (erched u(on his knees, ho causes to fly as a kite above the slee(er?s head a oman in graceful floating garments&

A fat and jolly horned devil in the confessional bo, ith a confessor of the fair se kneeling at one side, hile at the etreme right to small acolytes (oint out to each other a sus(icious looking tail that (rotrudes from beneath her skirts, thus stam(ing

her as 7atan?s on&

A belfry indo ith a singing bell, and bestriding the bell a skeleton tightly clutching the u((er (art of it))ringing the OnimasO (erha(s&

Gustavo himself seated smoking, leaning back in his chair, and in the smoke that rises a series of omen, some ith ings&

A nun in horror at discovering, as she turns don the covers of her



bed, a merry devil&

A oman?s coffin uncovered by the seton, hile a lover standing by eclaims, M\\:ascarasQQ \cNmo ha cambiaddQM

A scene at the OTeatro +ealO ith 7eUor Es(in y Guilln in a small grou( behind the scenes, and a (rima donna singing& Actors standing

a(art in the ings&

A visit to the cemetery& A skeleton thrusting out his head from his burial niche, and a young man (resenting his card& M!8;"T%* "o recibo& #!7!TA"TE* Pues hai @OsicOD queda la targeta @OsicOD&M

A fine sketch of MEleonora,M a stately form in rich fifteenth)century garb&

A number of sketches of omen, knights, monks, devils, soldiers, skeletons, etc&

O7econd Album* Les morts (o rire, BiIarreries ddies ]

=ademoiselle -ulie, (ar G& A& Becker @sicDO&

8antastic frontis(iece of skulls, bones, and leafy fronds, and to young lovers seated, sketching&

7keletons (laying battledore and shuttlecock ith skulls&

A tall slim skeleton and a round short one&

7keletons at a ball&

A skeleton ido visiting her husband?s grave&

The husband returning her visit, and coming to share her lunch in the (ark&

A circus of skeletons, in to scenes* @3D Lea(ing through the hoo(& @.D %ne skeleton balancing himself, head donard, on the head of another ho is standing&

A skeleton singer on the stage&

A skeleton horse lea(ing a hurdle&

A skeleton drum)major ith his band&

A skeleton bull)fight&

A duel beteen skeletons&

A tournament on skeleton horses&

A oman recently deceased, surrounded by skeletons offering their com(liments& They are (resented by one of then number, ith hat in hand&

A balcony courting scene beteen skeleton lovers&



The ord O8!"O in bones concludes the series of grotesque and uncanny sketches, hich but em(hasiIe a fact ever (resent in the (oet?s mind))that hile e are in life e OareO in death&5

8inding his devotion to -ulia unrequited, Becquer, in a rebelliousmood, and having come under the influence of the charms and

blandishments of a oman of 7oria, a certain :asta Estban y "avarro,contracted, in or about the year 34C3, an unfortunate marriage, hichembittered the rest of his life and added cares and e(enses hich hecould ill su((ort& 9e lived ith his ife but a short time, duringhich (eriod to sons ere born to them))Gustavo, hose later careeras unfortunately not such as to bring credit to the memory of hisillustrious father, and, -orge, ho died young& Becquer as(assionately fond of his children, and succeeded in kee(ing them ithhim after the se(aration from his ife& They ere constantly theobjects of his affectionate solicitude, and his last thoughts ere forthem&

About 344 the nes(a(er OEl :ontem(orneoO had been founded by the

able and broad)minded -ose Luis Albareda, and :orrea, ho asassociated ith the management, succeeded in obtaining for his frienda (osition on its staff& Becquer entered u(on his ne labors in 34C3,and as a fairly regular contributor until the su((ression of the(a(er& 9ere he (ublished the greater (art of his legends and tales, asell as his remarkable collection of letters Oesde mi :eldaO @M8rommy :ellMD& The folloing year his brother #aleriano, ho u( to thattime had eercised his talents as a genre (ainter in 7eville, came tojoin him in =adrid& 9e too had been unfortunate in his domesticrelations, and the brothers joined in sym(athy to form a nehousehold& A (eriod of com(arative comfort seemed to o(en u( beforethem& This (eriod as of short duration, hoeverS for Gustavo @ho asnever strongD soon fell ill, and as obliged to ithdra from theca(ital, in search of (urer air, to the historic monastery of #eruela,situated on the =oncayo, a mountain in northern 7(ain& 9is brother#aleriano accom(anied him, and there they (assed a year in com(leteisolation from the rest of the orld& The s(ur of necessity, hoever,com(elled them both to kee( to their ork, and hile Gustavo asriting such legends as that of O=aese PreIO, and com(osing hisfascinating O:artas desde mi :eldaO, #aleriano as (ainting Aragonesescenes such as La O#endimiaO @MThe #intageMD or fanciful creationssuch as OEl Barco del iabloO or La OPecadoraO&

The net year the to brothers returned to the ca(ital, and Gustavo,together ith his friend & 8eli(e #allarino, began the (ublication ofOLa Gaceta literariaO, of brief but brilliant memory& uring this sameyear and during 34CY Gustavo continued on the staff of OEl

:ontem(orneoO, enriching its (ages ith an occasional legend ofsingular beauty&

At the Baths of 8itero in "avarre, hither, ith his inse(arablebrother, he had gone to recu(erate his health in the summer of 34C/,Gustavo com(osed the fantastic legend of the O=iserereO, and others noless interesting& %n his return from 8itero he continued in OEl:ontem(orneoO, and shortly after entered a ministerial daily, theirksome duties of hich charge he bore ith resignation&



At this time Luis GonIaleI Bravo, a man of OfineO literarydiscrimination, hatever may be thought of him (olitically, as (rimeminister under !sabel !!& 9e had become interested in the ork ofGustavo, and, knoing the dire financial straits in hich the young(oet labored, he thought to diminish these anieties and thus give himmore time to devote to creative ork by making him censor of novels& Ane (eriod of calm and com(arative comfort began, and for the first

time in his life Becquer had the leisure to carry out a long)cherished(roject, at once his on desire and the desire of his friends* that ofgathering together in one volume all his scattered verse and of addingto the collection other (oems as ell that had not yet seen the light&This he did, and the com(leted volume so charmed his friend and(atron, GonIaleI Bravo, that he offered of his on accord to rite a(rologue for the ork and to (rint it at his on e(ense& But in 34C4came the revolution hich dethroned !sabel !!, and in the confusionthat folloed the donfall of the ministry and the hasty ithdraal ofGonIaleI Bravo to the 8rench frontier the volume of (oems as lost&This as a sad blo to Becquer, but he courageously set to ork tore(air the loss, and ith (ainful effort succeeded in recalling andreriting his O+imasO, hich ere (ublished after his death in the

third volume of his orks by his friend :orrea&

Becquer, ith etreme (unctiliousness, tendered his resignation ascensor of novels& A (ension of 30,000 reals that the government hadassigned to #aleriano for the study of national customs as ithdran,and both brothers ere again de(rived of (ermanent em(loyment& Theyjoined forces, and hile the one sketched admirable oodcuts for theOAlmanac AnualO of Gas(ar y +oig, the other rote such originalarticles as OLas 9ojas 7ecasO, or chafed under such hack ork as thetranslation of (o(ular novels from the 8rench, hich language he readith ease, though he did not s(eak it ell& Gustavo had already feltand described the charm of the old =oorish city of Toledo in hisO9istoria de los Tem(los de Es(aUaO, and in 34C he and #alerianomoved their little household tem(orarily to the city of their dreams,ith a vie to finding ins(iration for their (ens and brushes, andthus subsistence for their joint families&135

18ootnote 3* !t as at this time that Gustavo rote the letter hich is (ublished for the first time on (age i&5

An amusing account is given by :orrea of an adventure that befell theto brothers one night in Toledo as they ere andering about itsstreets& 9e says* M%ne magnificent moonlight night both artistsdecided to contem(late their beloved city bathed in the fantasticlight of the chilly orb& The (ainter armed ith (encils and the riterith his souvenirs had abandoned the old city and on a ruined all hadgiven themselves u( for hours to their artistic chatter &&& hen a

cou(le of OGuardias civilesO, ho had doubtless those days beenlooking for marauders, a((roached them& They heard something of a(ses,squinches, ogives, and other terms as sus(icious or as dangerous &&&and observing the disarray of those ho thus discoursed, their longbeards, their ecited mien, the lateness of the hour, the solitude ofthe (lace, and obeying es(ecially that aiomatic certainty of the7(anish (olice to blunder, they angrily soo(ed don u(on those nightbirds, and, in s(ite of (rotests and unheard e(lanations, took themto continue their artistic themes in the dim and horrid light of adungeon in the Toledo jail&&&& $e learned all this in the office of



OE: :ontem(orneoO, on receiving from Gustavo an e(lanatory letterfull of sketches re(resenting the (robable (assion and death of bothinnocents& The staff Oen masseO rote to the mistaken jailer, and atlast e sa the (risoners return safe and sound, (arodying in our(resence ith ords and (encils the famous (risons of 7ilvioPellico&M135

18ootnote 3* :orrea, Oo(& cit&O, ((& i)iii&5

!n this same year, 34C, e find the brothers housed in modestquarters in the Barrio de la :once(ciNn in the outskirts of =adrid&9ere Adolfo rote some ne (oems and began a translation of ante fora OBiblioteca de grandes autoresO hich had been (lanned and organiIedby OLa !lustraciNn de =adridO, founded by Gasset in 34X0& The firstnumber of this noteorthy (a(er a((eared on -anuary 3. of that year,and from its ince(tion to the time of his death Gustavo as itsdirector and a regular contributor&135 9is brother #alerianoillustrated many of its (ages, and here one can form some idea of hisskill as a (ortrayer of 7(anish ty(es and customs& MBut ho couldforetell,M says their friend :am(illo, Mthat ithin so short a time

his necrology and that of his beloved brother ere to a((ear in thissame (a(erRM1.5

18ootnote 3* These articles of Gustavo?s have not, for the most (art, been (ublished elsehere& There remains for the future editor of his com(lete orks a large number of such articles, hich it ould be ell orth hile to collect&5

18ootnote .* OLa !lustraciNn ArtWsticaO, (& YC0&5

Their life of hardshi( and aniety as tearing to shreds the delicatehealth of the to young artists, and on 7e(tember .Y, 34X0, #alerianobreathed his last in the arms of Gustavo& 9is death as a blo fromhich Gustavo never recovered& !t as as though the mains(ring asbroken in a atchS and, though the heels still turned of their onmomentum, the revolutions ere fe in number and soon ceased& MAstrange illness,M says :orrea, Mand a strange manner of death asthatQ $ithout any (recise sym(tom, that hich as diagnosed as(neumonia turned to he(atitis, becoming in the judgment of others(ericarditis, and meanhile the (atient, ith his brain as clear asever and his natural gentleness, ent on submitting himself to everye(eriment, acce(ting every medicine, and dying inch by inch&M135

18ootnote 3* :orrea, Oo(& cit&O, (& i&5

7hortly before the end he turned to his friends ho surrounded hisbed, and said to them, MAcordaos de mis niUos&M135 9e realiIed that he

had etended his arm for the last time in their behalf, and that nothat frail su((ort had been ithdran& MAt last the fatal moment came,and, (ronouncing clearly ith his trembling li(s the ords ?TodomortalQ?, his (ure and loving soul rose to its :reator&M1.5 9e diedecember .., 34X0&

18ootnote 3* This fact as learned from a conversation ith on 8rancisco de Laiglesia, ho, ith :orrea, 8errn and others, as (resent hen the (oet breathed his last&5



18ootnote .* :orrea, Oo(& cit&O, (& &5

Thanks to the initiative of +amNn +odrigueI :orrea and to the aid ofother friends, most of the scattered tales, legends, and (oems ofBecquer ere gathered together and (ublished by 8ernando 8e, =adrid,in three small volumes& !n the Prologue of the first edition :orrearelates the life of his friend ith sym(athy and enthusiasm, and it is

from this source that e glean most of the facts that are to be knonregarding the (oet?s life& The a((earance of these volumes caused amarked effect, and their author as (laced by (o(ular edict in thefront rank of contem(orary riters&

Becquer may be said to belong to the +omantic 7chool, chief of hosee(onents in 7(ain ere Korilla and Es(ronceda& The choice ofmediaeval times as the scene of his stories, their style andtreatment, as ell as the (ersonal note and the freedom of his verse,all stam( him as a +omanticist&

9is legends, ith one or to ece(tions, are genuinely 7(anish insubject, though infused ith a tender melancholy that recalls the

northern ballads rather than the ritings of his native land& 9is lovefor old ruins and monuments, his archaeological instinct, is evidentin every line& 7o, too, is his artistic nature, hich finds a greaterfield for its e(ression in his (rose than in his verse& Add to this acertain bent toard the mysterious and su(ernatural, and e have the(rinci(al elements that enter into the com(osition of these legends,hose quaint, eird beauty not only manifests the charm that naturallyattaches to (o(ular or folk tales, but is due es(ecially to the ay inhich they are told by one ho as at once an artist and a (oet&

Korilla has been said to be Becquer?s most immediate (recursor, inthat he (ossesses the same instinct for the mysterious& But, as BlancoGarcia observes, MBecquer is less ardent than Korilla, and (referredthe strange traditions in hich some unknon su(ernatural (oer hoversto those others, more (robable, in hich only human (assions iththeir ca(rices and outbursts are involved&M135 :orrea says of hislegends that they Mcan com(ete ith the tales of 9offmann and ofGrimm, and ith the ballads of +^ckert and of ;hland,M and thatMhoever fantastic they may be, hoever imaginary they may a((ear,they alays contain such a foundation of truth, a thought so real,that in the midst of their etraordinary form and conteture a facta((ears s(ontaneously to have taken (lace or to be able to take (laceithout the slightest difficulty, if you but analyIe the situation ofthe (ersonages, the time in hich they live, or the circumstances thatsurround them&M1.5

18ootnote 3* OLa Literatura Es(anola en el 7iglo J!JO, =adrid, 343,

vol& !!, (& .X&5

18ootnote .* :orrea, Oo(& cit&O, (& &5

The subtle charm of such legends as OLos %jos #erdesO, OLa :orIaBlancaO, O=aese PreI el %rganistaO, etc&, full of local color as theyare, and of an atmos(here of old 7(ain, is hard to describe, but nonethe less real& %ne is caught by the music of the (rose at the firstlines, enra(tured by the eird charm of the story, and held inbreathless interest until the last ords die aay& !f Becquer?s (hrase



is not alays classic, it is, on the other hand, vigorous and(icturesqueS and hen one reflects u(on the difficult conditions underhich his ritings ere (roduced, in the confusion of the(rinting)office, or hurriedly in a miserable attic to (rocure food forthe immediate necessities of his little family, and hen one likeiserecalls the fact that they ere (ublished in final book form onlyafter the author?s death, and ithout retouching, the onder gros

that they are ritten in a style so (leasing and so free fromharshness&

Becquer?s (rose is doubtless at its best in his letters entitledOesde mi :eldaO, ritten, as has been said, from the monastery of#eruela, in 34C/& +ead his descri(tion of his journey to the ancientAragonese ton of TaraIona, (icturesquely situated on the +iver>ueiles, of his mule tri( over the glorious =oncayo, of the(eacefulness and quiet of the old fortified monastery of #eruela, andyou ill surely feel ins(ired to follo him in his anderings& $ritingof his life in the seclusion of #eruela, Becquer says* MEveryafternoon, as the sun is about to set, ! sally forth u(on the roadthat runs in front of the monastery doors to ait for the (ostman, ho

brings me the =adrid nes(a(ers& !n front of the archay that givesentrance to the first inclosure of the abbey stretches a long avenueof (o(lars so tall that hen their branches are stirred by the eveningbreeIe their summits touch and form an immense arch of verdure& %nboth sides of the road, lea(ing and tumbling ith a (leasant murmuramong the tisted roots of the trees, run to rivulets of crystallinetrans(arent ater, as cold as the blade of a sord and as gleaming asits edge& The ground, over hich float the shados of the (o(lars,mottled ith restless s(ots of light, is covered at intervals ith thethickest and finest of grass, in hich gro so many hite daisies thatthey look at first sight like that rain of (etals ith hich thefruit)trees car(et the ground on arm A(ril days& %n the banks of thestream, amid the brambles and the reeds, gro ild violets, hich,though ell)nigh hidden amongst their cree(ing leaves, (roclaimthemselves afar by their (enetrating (erfume& And finally, also nearthe ater and forming as it ere a second boundary, can be seenbeteen the (o(lar trunks a double ro of stocky alnut)trees ithdark, round, com(act to(s&M About half ay don the avenue stands amarble cross, hich, from its color, is knon in the vicinity as theBlack :ross of #eruela& M"othing is more somberly beautiful than thiss(ot& At one end of the road the vie is closed by the monastery, ithits (ointed arches, its (eaked toers, and its im(osing battlementedallsS on the other, the ruins of a little hermitage rise, at the footof a hillock bestren ith blooming thyme and rosemary& There, seatedat the foot of the cross, and holding in my hands a book that !scarcely ever read and often leave forgotten on the ste(s of thecross, ! linger for one, to, and sometimes even four hours aiting

for the (a(ers&M At last the (ost arrives, and the O:ontem(orneoO isin his hands& MAs ! as (resent at its birth, and as since its birth !have lived its feverish and im(assioned life, OEl :ontem(orneoO isnot for me a common nes(a(er like the rest, but its columns areyourselves, my friends, my com(anions in ho(e or disa((ointment, infailure or trium(h, in joy or bitterness& The first im(ression that !feel u(on receiving it, then, is one of joy, like that e(eriencedu(on o(ening a letter on hose envelo(e e recogniIe a dear familiarhandriting, or hen in a foreign land e gras( the hand of acom(atriot and hear our native tongue again& The (eculiar odor of the



dam( (a(er and the (rinter?s ink, that characteristic odor hich for amoment obscures the (erfume of the floers that one breathes here onevery hand, seems to strike the olfactory memory, a strange and keenmemory that unquestionably eists, and it brings back to me a (ortionof my former life,))that restlessness, that activity, that feverish(roductiveness of journalism& ! recall the constant (ounding andcreaking of the (resses that multi(ly by thousands the ords that e

have just ritten, and that have come all (al(itating from our (ens& !recall the strain of the last hours of (ublication, hen night isalmost over and co(y scarce& ! recall, in short, those times hen dayhas sur(rised us correcting an article or riting a last notice hene (aid not the slightest attention to the (oetic beauties of thedan& !n =adrid, and for us in (articular, the sun neither rises norsets* e (ut out or light the lights, and that is the only reason enotice it&M

At last he o(ens the sheet& The nes of the clubs or the :ortesabsorbs him until the failing light of the setting sun arns him that,though he has read but the first columns, it is time to go& MTheshados of the mountains fall ra(idly, and s(read over the (lain& The

moon begins to a((ear in the east like a silver circle gleamingthrough the sky, and the avenue of (o(lars is ra((ed in the uncertaindusk of tilight&&&& The monastery bell, the only one that still hangsin its ruined ByIantine toer, begins to call to (rayers, and one nearand one afar, some ith shar( metallic notes, and some ith solemn,muffled tones, the other bells of the hillside tons re(ly&&&& !tseems like a harmony that falls from heaven and rises at the same timefrom the earth, becomes confounded, and floats in s(ace, interminglingith the fading sounds of the dying day and the first sighs of theneborn night&

MAnd no all is silenced,))=adrid, (olitical interests, ardentstruggles, human miseries, (assions, disa((ointments, desires, all ishushed in that divine music& =y soul is no as serene as dee( andsilent ater& A faith in something greater, in a future though unknondestiny, beyond this life, a faith in eternity,))in short, anall)absorbing larger as(iration, overhelms that (etty faith hich emight term (ersonal, that faith in the morro, that sort of goad thats(urs on irresolute minds, and that is so needful if one must struggleand eist and accom(lish something in this orld&M135

18ootnote 3* O%brasO, Ovol&O !!, ((& ...)..&5

This graceful musing, full in the original of those rich harmoniesthat only the 7(anish language can e(ress, ill serve sufficiently togive an im(ression of the series as a hole& The broad but ferventfaith e(ressed in the last lines indicates a dee(ly religious and

somehat mystical nature& This characteristic of Becquer may benoticed frequently in his ritings and no one ho reads his orksattentively can call him elitist, as have some of his calumniators&

Beautiful as Becquer?s (rose may be considered, hoever, the universalo(inion is that his claim to lasting fame rests on his verse& =rs&9um(hrey $ard, in her interesting article entitled MA 7(anish+omanticist,M135 says of him* M9is literary im(ortance indeed is onlyno beginning to be understood& %f Gustavo Becquer e may almost saythat in a generation of rhymers he alone as a (oetS and no that his



ork is all that remains to us of his brilliant and lovable(ersonality, he only, it seems to us, among the crod of modern7(anish versifiers, has any claim to a Euro(ean audience or any chanceof living to (osterity&M This diatribe against the other (oets ofcontem(orary 7(ain may seem to us unjustS but certain it is thatBecquer in the eyes of many sur(asses either "uUeI de Arce or:am(oamor, ith hom he forms Ma triumvirate that directs and

condenses all the manifestations of contem(orary 7(anish lyrics&M1.5

18ootnote 3* O=acmillan?s =agaIineO, 8ebruary, 344Y, (& Y0X&5

18ootnote .* Blanco Garcia, Oo(& cit&O, vol& !!, (& X&5

Becquer has none of the characteristics of the Andalusian& 9is lyricalgenius is not only at odds ith that of 7outhern 7(ain, but also ithhis on inclination for the (lastic arts, says Blanco Garcia& M9ocould a 7eville (oet, a lover of (ictorial and scul(tural marvels, soithdra from the outer form as to embrace the (ure idea, ith thatmelancholy subjectivism as common in the gloomy regions bathed by the7(ree as it is unknon on the banks of the arro and GuadalquivirRM135

The anser to the (roblem must be found in his lineage&

18ootnote 3* O!bid&O, (& 40&5

!n s(ite of the fascination early eercised by -ulia Es(in y Guillnover the young (oet, it may be doubted if she can fairly be said tohave been the muse of his O+imasO& 7he doubtless ins(ired some of hisverseS but the (oet seems to sing the (raises or lament the cruelty ofvarious seethearts& The late on -uan #alera, ho kne Gustavo ell,goes so far as to say* M! venture to sus(ect that none of these omenever lived in the orld hich e all cor(oreally inhabit& $hen themind of the (oet descended to this orld, he had to struggle ith somuch (overty, he sa himself engulfed and salloed u( by so manytrials, and he as obliged to busy himself ith such (rosaic mattersof mean and common(lace bread)inning, that he did not seek, nor ouldhe have found had he sought them, those elegant and semi)divine omenthat made of him no a +omeo, no a =acWas, no an %thello, and no aPen)arch&&&& To enjoy or suffer really from such loves and to becomeensnared therein ith such rare omen, Becquer lacked the time,o((ortunity, health, and money&&&& 9is desire for love, like the arroof the Prince in one of the tales of the Arabian "ights, shot highover all the actual Ohigh)lifeO and (ierced the golden door of theenchanted (alaces and gardens of the 8airy Pariban_, ho, enra(turedby him, took him for her s(ouse&M135 !n fact Becquer, s(eaking of theunreality of the numerous offs(ring of his imagination, says in the!ntroduction to his orks, ritten in -une, 34C4* M!t costs me laborto determine hat things ! have dreamed and hat things have ha((ened

to me& =y affections are divided beteen the (hantasms of myimagination and real (ersonalities& =y memory confuses the names anddates, of omen and days that have died or (assed aay ith the daysand omen that have never eisted save in my mind&M1.5

18ootnote 3* O8lorilegio de PoesWas :astellanas del 7iglo J!JO, con introducciNn y notas, (or -uan #alera& =adrid, 30., vol& !, ((& 34C)344&5

18ootnote .* O%brasO, vol& !, (& L&5



$hatever may be one?s o(inion of the (ersonality of the muse or musesof his verse, the love that Becquer celebrates is not the love oforiental song, Mnor yet the brutal deification of oman re(resented inthe songs of the Provenàl Troubadours, nor even the love thatins(ired 9errera and Garcilaso& !t is the fantastic love of thenorthern ballads, timid and re(oseful, full of melancholy tenderness,

that occu(ies itself in ee(ing and in seeking out itself rather thanin (ouring itself forth on eternal objects&M135 !n this matter oflyrical subjectivism Becquer is unique, for it cannot be found in anyother of the 7(anish (oets ece(t such mystic riters as 7an -uan dela :ruI or 8ray Luis de LeNn&

18ootnote 3* Blanco Garcia, Oo(& cit&O, (& 4Y&5

!n one of Becquer?s most beautiful ritings in (rose, in a OProlNgoOto a collection of O:antaresO by Augusto 8erran y 8ornis, our authordescribes to kinds of (oetry that (resent themselves to one?s choice*MThere is a (oetry hich is magnificent and sonorous, the offs(ring ofmeditation and art, hich adorns itself ith all the (om( of language,

moves along ith a cadenced majesty, s(eaks to the imagination,(erfects its images, and leads it at ill through unknon (aths,beguiling ith its harmony and beauty&M MThere is another (oetry,natural, ra(id, terse, hich s(rings from the soul as an electrics(ark, hich strikes our feelings ith a ord, and flees aay& Bare ofartificiality, free ithin a free form, it aakens by the aid of onekindred idea the thousand others that slee( in the bottomless ocean offancy& The first has an acknoledged valueS it is the (oetry ofeverybody& The second lacks any absolute standard of measurementS ittakes the (ro(ortions of the imagination that it im(ressesS it may becalled the (oetry of (oets&M135

18ootnote 3* O%brasO, vol& !!!, ((& 33.)33Y&5

!n this descri(tion of the short, terse, and striking com(ositions ofhis friend 8erran, Becquer has ritten likeise the a(ology for hison verse& 9is as a (oetry of Mra(id, elemental im(ressions&M 9estrikes but one chord at a time on his lyre, but he leaves youthrilled& This etreme sim(licity and naturalness of e(ression may beell illustrated by the refrain of the seventy)third (oem*

O\ios mWo, qu solos 7e quedan los muertosQO

9is (oetry has often been com(ared to that of 9eine, hom he is saidto have imitated& Becquer did not in fact read GermanS but in OEl=useo ;niversalO, for hich he as a collaborator, and in hich he

(ublished his O+imasO, there a((eared one of the first versions of theO!ntermeIIoO,135 and it is not unlikely that in imitation of theO!ntermeIIoO he as led to string his O+imasO like beads u(on theconnecting thread of a common autobiogra(hical theme& !n theseventy)si short (oems that com(ose his O+imasO, Becquer tells Masiftly)moving, (assionate story of youth, love, treachery, des(air,and final submission&M MThe introductory (oems are meant to re(resenta stage of absor(tion in the beauty and com(leity of the naturalorld, during hich the (oet, conscious of his on high,incommunicable gift, by hich he sees into the life of things, is



conscious of an aimless fever and restlessness hich is foreverturning delight into eariness&M1.5

18ootnote 3* Blanco Garcia, o(& cit&, (& 4C&5

18ootnote .* =rs& $ard, Oloc& cit&O, (& Y3C&5

7ome of these (oems are etremely beautiful, (articularly the tenth&They form a sort of (relude to the love)story itself, hich begins inour selections ith the thirteenth& "ot finding the realiIation of hisideal in art, the (oet turns to love& This (assion reaches itsculminating (oint in the tenty)ninth selection, and ith thethirtieth misunderstanding, dissatisfaction, and sadness begin&es(air assails him, interru(ted ith occasional notes of melancholyresignation, such as are so equisitely e(ressed in the fifty)third(oem, the best)knon of all the (oet?s verse& $ith this (oem thelove)story (ro(er comes to a close, and Mthe melancholy, no doubt morethan half imaginary and (oetical, of his love (oems seems to broadenout into a dee(er sadness embracing life as a hole, and in hichdisa((ointed (assion is but one of the many elements&M135 MAnd,

lastly, regret and (assion are alike hushed in the (resence of thatvoiceless love hich shines on the face of the dead and before theeternal and tranquil slumber of the grave&M1.5

18ootnote 3* =rs& $ard, Oloc& cit&O, (&Y3&5

18ootnote .* O!bid&O, (& Y3C&5

$hatever Becquer may have oed to 9eine, in form or substance, he asno servile imitator& !n fact, ith the ece(tion of the thirtieth, noone of his O+imasO seems to be ins(ired directly by 9eine?sO!ntermeIIoO& The distinguishing note in 9eine?s verse is sarcasm,hile that of Becquer?s is (athos& 9eine is the greater (oet, Becquer,the (rofounder artist& As Blanco Garcia ell (oints out,135 the moralinclinations of the to (oets ere distinct and different also&Becquer?s instinct for the su(ernatural freed him from 9eine?sske(ticism and irreligionS and, though he had suffered much, he neverdoubted Providence&

18ootnote 3* o(& Ocit&O, (&4C&5

The influence of Alfred de =usset may be felt also in Becquer?sO+imasO, (articularly in the forty)second and forty)thirdS but ingeneral, the 7(anish (oet is Mless orldly and less ardentM135 thanthe 8rench&

18ootnote 3* :orm, Oo(& cit&O, (& l&5

The O+imasO are ritten for the most (art in assonanced verse& Aharmonious rhythm seems to be substituted for the music of the rhyme&The meter, too, is very freely handled& "otithstanding all this, themelody of Becquer?s verse is very seet, and soon catches and charmseven the foreign ear& 9is O+imasO created a school like that ins(iredby the OolorasO of :am(oamor& But the etreme sim(licity andnaturalness of Becquer?s e(ression as difficult to re(roduce ithoutfalling into the common(lace, and his imitators have for the most (artfailed&



A" ;"P;BL!79E LETTE+ %8 T9E P%ET BE:>;E+, %"E %8 T9E 8E$ T9AT 9A#E7;+#!#E 9!=, A+E77E T% 7%+& :& 8+A":% E LA !GLE7!A7, =!"!7TE+!%E ;LT+A=A+, =A+!& ATE !" T%LE%, -;L' 34T9, 34C&135

18ootnote 3* The accentuation and (unctuation of the original are (reserved& This letter is of (articular interest, shoing, as it does, the tender solicitude of Becquer for his children, his dire financial straits hen a loan of three or four dollars is a godsend, and his hesitation to call u(on friends for aid even hen in such difficulties& The letter as (resented to the riter of this sketch by on 8rancisco de Laiglesia, a distinguished 7(anish riter and man of (ublic life and an intimate friend of Becquer& 7eUor de Laiglesia is the oner of the magnificent (ortrait of Gustavo by #aleriano Becquer, of the beauty of hich but a faint idea can be had from the co(y of the etching by =aura, hich serves as a frontis(iece to the (resent volume&5

=i muy querido amigo*

=e volvi de esa con el cuidado de los chicos y en efecto (areciaanunciarmelo a(enas llegue cayN en cama el mas (equeUo& Esto se(rolonga mas de lo que (ensamos y he escrito Gas(ar y #alera quesolo (agN la mitad del im(orte del cuadro Gas(ar he sabido que salioayer (ara Aguas Buenas y tardar en recibir mi carta #alera es(eroenviar ese (ico (ero suele gastar una calma deses(erante en estea(uro recurro una veI mas vd& y aunque me duele abusar tanto de suamistad le ruego que si es (osible me envie tres N cuatro duros (araes(erar el envio del dinero que aguardamos el cual es seguro (ero nosabemos que dia vendr y aqui tenemos al medico en casa y atencionesque no es(eran un momento&

Adios estoy aburrido de ver que esto nunca cesa& Adios mande vd& suamigo que le quiere

Gustavo Becquer

Es(resiones Pe(e =arco 7c :alle de 7an !ldefonso Toledo& 7i le es vd& (osible enviar eso hagalo si (uede en el mismo dia que reciba estacarta (or que el a(uro es de momento&

B!BL!%G+AP9!:AL "%TE

A list of the orks consulted in the (re(aration of the sketch ofBecquer?s life&

$%+<7 B' BE:>;E+



%bras de Gustavo A& Becquer& O>uinta ediciNn aumentada con varias(oesWas y leyendas& =adrid, LibrerWa de 8ernando 8, 344&O Threevolumes&

9istoria de los Tem(les de Es(aUa, O(ublicada bajo la (rotecciNn de77& ==& AA& y muy reverendos seUores arIobis(os y obis(os))dirigida

(or & -uan de la Puerto #iIcaino y & Gustavo Adolfo Becquer& Tomo !,=adrid, 34X& !m(renta y Estereoti(ia Es(aUola de los 7eUores "ieto y:am(aUWa&O Becquer is the author of only a (ortion of this ork))see!ntroduction, (& &

La !lustraciNn de =adrid, -anuary 3.)%ctober 3., 34X0, contains alarge number of articles by Becquer that have never been (ublished inbook form& The same can be said of other (eriodicals for hich Becquercollaborated&

T+A"7LAT!%"7

Gustave Becquer))Lgendes es(agnoles& OTraduction de Achille 8ouquier,dessins de 7& Arcos& Paris, Librairie de 8irmin)idot et :ie, 344O&8rench&

Terrible Tales))7(anish& O$& $& Gibbings, London, $& :&O !n thiscollection the folloing seven out of the telve tales that itcontains are by Becquer,))MThe Golden Bracelet,M MThe Green Eyes,MMThe Passion 8loer,M MThe $hite oe,M M=aese PreI, the %rganist,MMThe =oonbeam,M and MThe =ountain of 7(irits&M The translation isoften inaccurate&

$%+<7 %+ A+T!:LE7 %" BE:>;E+

P& 8rancisco Blanco Garcia& OLa Literatura Es(aUola en el 7iglo J!J,(arte segunda, =adrid, 343O, contains a good criticism of theliterary ork of Becquer, ((& X)3, and ((& .X/).XX&

"arciso :am(illo& OGustavo Adolfo BecquerO is the title of anecellent article on the 7eville (oet, by one ho kne him ell, inOLa !lustraciNn ArtWsticaO, Barcelona, ecember .X, 344C, ((& Y4)YC0&This number @.C3))AUo #D is dedicated to Becquer, and contains many(rose articles and much verse relative to him&

Achille 8ouquier& OGustave Becquer, Lgendes Es(agnoles& Traduction deAchille 8ouquier, dessins de 7& Arcos& Paris, 8irmin)idot et :ie,344,))Avant)Pro(osO, ((& 3)3& An interesting sketch of Becquer?s

life and an ecellent a((reciation of his style&

-os Gestoso y PreI& O:arta =r& Achille 8ouquierO is the title of avaluable article in OLa !lustraciNn ArtisticaO, Barcelona, ecember.X, 344C, ((& YCY)YCC& This article contains im(ortant genealogicalmatter regarding Becquer, hich had not until that time been(ublished&

Eduardo de Lustono& Becquer is the titie of a sketch by this riter,(ublished in OAlrededor del =undoO, "o& 30, -uly /, 303, ((& 33)3Y,



and "o& 330, -uly 33, 303, ((& ..).Y& !t is largely a co(y of thearticle by "arciso :am(illo, mentioned above, and of the folloing by+odrigueI :orrea&

+amNn +odrigueI :orrea& OPrNlogo de las %bras de Gustavo A& Becquer&>uinta ediciNn, =adrid, 8ernando 8, 344O& #ol& !, ((& !J)JL#& Thisis the (rinci(al biogra(hy of Becquer and the source of all the

others& !ts author as Becquer?s most intimate friend&

-uan #alera& !n O8lorilegio de PoesWas :astellanas del 7iglo J!J, Tomo!, =adrid, 8ernando 8, 30.O, ((& 34.)33, may be found an ecellenta((reciation of the (oet by one of the most ca(able of 7(anish criticsand a (ersonal friend of Becquer&

P& +estituto del #alle +uiI, Agustino& !n his OEstudios LiterariosO,((& 30/)33C, there is a cha(ter devoted to Gustavo A& Becquer, hichcontains an interesting critique of his (oetry&

=rs& @=ary A&D 9um(hrey $ard, in O=acmillan?s =agaIineO, "o& .40,8ebruary, 344Y, ((& Y0)Y.0, has an article entitled MA 7(anish

+omanticist* Gustavo Becquer&M This is one of the best articles onBecquer that have been (ublished&

7PA"!79 P+%7%'

The basis for the folloing remarks on 7(anish (rosody is, for themost (art, E& Benot?s OProsodia :astellana y #ersificationO, Y vols&,=adrid, 34.& %ther orks hich have been consulted are the O%rtologiay Arte =etricaO of A& Bello, (ublished in his O%bras :om(letasO, vol&/, =adrid, 340S +engifo?s OArte Potica Es(aUolaO, Barcelona, 3XS-& & =& 8ord?s M"otes on 7(anish Prosody,M in OA 7(anish AnthologyO,(ublished by 7ilver, Burdett :o&, 303S and a OTratado de LiteraturaPrece(tivaO, by & 7aturnino =ilego !nglada, (ublished at Toledo in344X&

7(anish versification has nothing to do ith the quantity of voels@hether long or shortD, hich as the basis of Latin (rosody&

There are four im(ortant elements in 7(anish versification& %f thesefour elements to are essential, and the other to are usually(resent&

The essential elements, ithout hich 7(anish verse cannot eist,are))

!& A determined number of syllables (er line&

!!& A rhythmic distribution of the accents in the line&

The additional elements usually (resent in 7(anish (oeticalcom(ositions are))

!!!& :aesural (auses&



!#& +hyme&

!& 7'LLAB!8!:AT!%"

:onsonants&))!n verse the same rules hold as in (rose for thedistribution of consonants in syllables&

#oels&))!f there ere but one voel in a syllable, 7(anishsyllabification ould be easyS but sometimes to or more voels arefound either beteen consonants, or at the beginning or at the end ofa ord& $hen such is the case, intricacies arise, for sometimes thecontiguous voels are (ronounced in a single syllable and sometimesthey are divided into se(arate syllables&

The contiguous voels may belong to a single ord @see ADS or they maybe the final voel or voels of one ord and the initial voel orvoels of a folloing ord or ords @see BD&

A& Oi(hthongiIationO,))!f to contiguous voels of a single ord are

(ronounced in but one syllable they form a di(hthong, e&g& OhuFes(edO&

B& O7ynale(haO&))!f to or more contiguous voels belonging to to ormore ords are (ronounced in a single syllable, they form synale(ha&

E& O'o sFun himno gigante yFetraUoO, (& 3C/, !, l& 3&

7ince 7(anish verse de(ends u(on a determined number of syllables (erline, Odi(hthongiIationO and Osynale(haO are im(ortant factors inversification&

A& !P9T9%"G!KAT!%"

=ute OhO beteen voels is disregarded and does not (reventdi(hthongiIation, e&g& OaFhForaO, OreFhFusarO&

The se(aration of to voels that are usually united in one syllableis called OdiaeresisO, e&g& OvioletaO&

The union in one syllable of to voels that are usually in se(aratesyllables is called OsynaeresisO, e&g& OcaFosO&

3& T9E T$E"T')8!#E P%77!BLE :%=B!"AT!%"7 %P #%$EL7 !" !P9T9%"G7

The voels may be divided into strong voels @a, e, oD and eak voels@i, uD& 8or (ur(oses of versification y as a voel may be treated as

i& The five voels @a, e, o, i, uD taken in (airs may form di(hthongsin tenty)five (ossible combinations, as follos*

a& Pairs of to eak voels* ui, iu, ii, uu&

b& Pairs of to strong voels*

ae, ao, aa, ea, eo, ee, oa, oe, oo&



c& Pairs of a strong voel (lus a eak voel

ai, au, ei, eu, oi, ou&

d& Pairs of a eak voel (lus a strong voel

ua, ue, uo, ia, ie, io&

"%TE* !n di(hthongs a dominates o and eS and o dominates e& Any strongvoel dominates a eak one&

E& !n BoFabdWl, if a ere not dominant, the di(hthong ould be dissolved&

.& !P9T9%"G7 A" $%+ A::E"T;AT!%"

There are ith regard to accent three (ossible conditions under hichto contiguous voels may occur ithin a ord&

a& The contiguous voels may (recede the accented syllable&

b& %ne of the contiguous voels may be accented&

c& The contiguous voels may come after the accented syllable&

a& To contiguous voels before the accent&

@3D %f the tenty)five (ossible combinations all are admissible indi(hthongs in a syllable (receding the accented syllable&

E& O9abr (oFestaO, (& 3C, !#, l& /&

@aD iaeresis may be em(loyed to dissolve the di(hthong&

E& O7obre una violetaO, (& 3C, J!!!, l& 4&

b& %ne of to contiguous voels accented&

@3D O$hen to contiguous voel?s are strong&O

@aD There is no di(hthong if one of to contiguous strong voels

receives the accent&

E& O:his(ando el sol hiereO, (& 3XY, JJ#! !, l& 3X&

E& OT_, sombra area que, cuantas vecesO, (& 3X0, J#, l& X&

By synaeresis, hoever, a di(hthong may be formed, es(ecially in thecombinations Fo, Fe, NFe))OcFaFoFs, cFaFe, roFeO& But in order todi(hthongiIe oa, ea, and eo, hen the accent naturally falls on thefirst voel, the accent must shift to the second, hich is a dominant



voel& 7uch di(hthongiIation is harsh& 8or eam(le, OloaO ould shiftthe accent from o to a in order to form a di(hthong& The accent ouldalso shift in OcreFa, feFoO&

@.D O$hen one of the contiguous voels is eak and the other strong&O

@aD There is no di(hthong if an accented eak voel (recedes a strong&

E& O'o, que tus ojos en mi agonWaO, (& 3X3, J#, l& 34& 7ynaeresis is, hoever, sometimes em(loyed to overcome this rule& The accent must then shift&

E& O9abiFa llegado una nave&O :alderNn&

@bD There is no di(hthong if an accented eak voel follos a strong&

E& O:Nmo (uede reirRO (& 34., JL!J, l& /&

7ynaeresis serves sometimes to overcome this rule& The result isusually harsh&

E& OEn reFir costa ajena, les (re(ara&O

@cD !f an accented strong voel (recedes a eak, they form adi(hthong& The di(hthong is rarely dissolved, and is usually markedith a diaresis, if dissolution takes (lace&

E& OBeso del aura, onda de luIO, (& 3X0, J#, l& &

@dD !f an accented strong voel follos a eak they may or may notform a di(hthong&

E& OPor una sonrisa, un ciFeloO, (& 3X., JJ!!!, l& .& 1i(hthong&5

E& Oomando el rebelde, meIquino idomaO, (& 3C/, !, l& C& 1"o di(hthong&5

iaeresis or synaeresis may usually be em(loyed according to the case&

Thus, OfielO becomes by diaeresis OfielO, and ObriosoO becomes bysynaeresis ObriFosoO&

!t should be remembered that in some ords the accentuation isvariable, hile in others it is fied&

There are to classes of ords that have a variable accentuation*first, those in hich an unaccented eak voel is folloed by an

accented strong voel, e&g& OmajestuFosoO, OmajestuosoOS second,those in hich an accented strong voel is folloed by an unaccentedstrong voel, e&g& Otrae, traFe&O

E& O:reFes que la afeanO& Becquer& O:rees que sus(irando (asa el vientoO, (& 3X3, J#!, l& Y&

Etymological conditions often determine hether or not a di(hthong isformed&



ie and ue, derived from the Latin e and o res(ectively, formindissoluble di(hthongs&

The ending )iNn for substantives is usually a di(hthong and rarelysuffers dissolution&

7ynaeresis may be em(loyed to unite in a single syllable to

contiguous voels @unaccented eak accented strongD that arese(arated on account of etymology, or, in the case of derivatives,analogy ith the original ordS but diaeresis is em(loyed very rarelyto dissolve a (ro(er di(hthongal combination @unaccented eak accented strongD&

8or eam(le, OdiarioO by analogy ith OdWaO, and OfiNO from theLatin OfidavitO, have ordinarily the OiO in se(arate syllables, but adi(hthong may be formed by synaeresis&

@YD O$hen the to contiguous voels are eakO&

@aD To contiguous eak voels ith the accent on the first form an

indissoluble di(hthong, e&g& OmuFyO&

@bD To contiguous eak voels ith the accent on the second may ormay not form a di(hthong&

E& O7i antes no juras que (or ruFin falsWaO& 9ermosilla& 1i(hthong&5

E& O:on sus mil rîdosO, (& 344, LJJ!!!, l& 3, 1"o di(hthong&5

c& To contiguous voels after the accented syllable&

@3D To contiguous strong voels after the accented syllable naturallyform a di(hthong&

E& OT_, sombra areFa que, cuantas vecesO, (& 3X0, J#, l& X&

iaeresis may be em(loyed to dissolve the di(hthong&

@.D !f a strong voel is folloed by a eak voel after the accentedsyllable, they form a di(hthong, e&g& OhablabaFis, amaraFisO&

This di(hthong is easily dissolved&

@YD !f a eak voel is folloed by a strong voel after the accentedsyllable, they form a di(hthong, e&g& OhistorFiFa, ansFiFaO&

E& Oe la brisa nocturna al tenuFe so(loO, (& 3., LJJ#, l& C&

The di(hthong may, hoever, be dissolved, e&g& Oestatua, tenue,nadieO&

Y& T+!P9T9%"G7 A" :%=B!"AT!%"7 %P T9+EE %+ =%+E :%"T!G;%;7 #%$EL7

!f three voels belonging to the same ord are contiguous, one of themmust be accented& There are then three (ossible arrangements&



@iD Three contiguous voels of a ord ith the accent on the first,e&g& OtreosO&

@iiD Three contiguous voels of a ord ith the accent on the second,e&g& creia, ObueyO&

@iiiD Three contiguous voels ith the accent on the third, e&g&

OrehuWO&

Each of the above arrangements has to combinations of accented andunaccented voels to hich the rules for di(hthongs may be a((lied& !n@iD there ill be a combination of to voels ith the first accented,(lus a combination of to voels after the accent& !n OtreosO, foream(le, the a and e ould (robably be in se(arate syllables by b @3D@aD, and eo ould (robably form a di(hthong by c @3D& OTreosO ould,then, (robably be a dissyllable&

!n @iiD there ill be a combination of to voels ith the accent anthe second, and one of to voels ith the accent on the first& !ncreia, for eam(le, the e and W ould be in se(arate syllables by b

@.D @bD, and the W and a ould (robably be in se(arate syllables alsoby b @.D@aD& Therefore, OcreiaO ould (robably be a trisyllable& !nOcambiosO the i and might form one syllable or to by b @.D @OdOD,and the and o ould (robably be in se(arate syllables by b @3D @aD&Therefore, in OcambiosO the combination io might form a dissyllableor a trisyllable&

!n @iiiD there ill be a combination of to voels before the accent,and one of to voels ith the second accented& !n OrehuWO, foream(le, the e and u might be in the same syllable by a @3D, or inse(arate syllables by dieresis by a @3D @aD, and the u and W might bein se(arate syllables or not by b @YD @bD& Therefore, OrehuWO might bea monosyllable, a dissyllable, or a trisyllable&

%ther combinations of three voels may be analyIed in a similar ay,as may also combinations of more than three voels, e&g& OcreWaisO,etc&

B& 7'"ALEP9A

Beteen the contiguous voels of se(arate ords there may occursynale(ha @hich corres(onds to di(hthongiIation ithin a ordD, orhiatus @hich is similar to diaeresis ithin a ordD&

E& OAbreFunaFeternidadO, (& 3X4, JJJ#! !, l& ..& O qu me lo decWsR lo sF*Fes mudableO, (& 3X, JJJ!J, l& 3& 17ynale(ha&5

E& O:omo la ondaFaIul, en cuya crestaO, (& 3XY, JJ#!!, l& 3C& 19iatus&5

The voels contracted by synale(ha are each (ronounced, ece(t henthe same voel is re(eated, hen only a (rolonged sound is heard, asin OondaFaIulO or OsFesO above&

7ynale(ha may join into a single syllable to, three, four, and evenfive voels& The union of to voels @di(hthongal synale(haD and the



union of three voels @tri(hthongal synale(haD are the most common&

A (ause due to a break in sense does not (revent synale(ha& =ute h isdisregarded in the verse and does not (revent synale(ha&

E& O:a(aI de encerrarlo, y a(nas \ohFhermosaQO (& 3C/, !, l& 30&

!P9T9%"GAL 7'"ALEP9A

7ynale(ha takes (lace beteen to contiguous unaccented voelsbelonging to se(arate ords&

E& OAbreFunaFeternidadO, (& 3X4, JJJ#!!, l& ..&

7ynale(ha occurs hen the final voel of the first ord is accented&

E& OTe vWFun (unto, y, flotando ante mis ojosO, (& 3C, J!#, l& 3&

7ynale(ha usually occurs hen the initial voel of the second ord isaccented, es(ecially hen the first ord ends in a eak voel, andalso in the combinations a, o, oa, e, eN, e&

E& O=e (areceFen el cielo de la tardeO, (& 3C, J!!!, l& 33&

"%TE* 7ynale(ha is (ossible ith the other combinations, but hiatus is(referable even ith the above combinations, in a syllable on hichthe rhythmical accent falls @see under +hythmic AccentD&

E& Oes(ierta, hablas, y al hablar, vibrantesO, (& 3X/, JJ#!!, l& .Y&

E& O:omo la ola que la (layaO viene, (& 3X4, JJJ#!!, l& 3&

T+!P9T9%"GAL 7'"ALEP9A

There is alays tri(hthongal synale(ha hen a is the middle voelS orhen o or e is the middle voel, ece(t in the folloing combinations,aoa, aoo, ooo, aea, aeo, oea, oeo&

E& O7ilenciosa e(irarO, (& 3X4, JJJ#!!, l& .0&

There is never tri(hthongal synale(ha hen an accented eak voelstands beteen to strong voels& Therefore the conjunctions y and _(revent tri(hthongal synale(ha&

E& O' de (ur(ura y oro la matiIaO, (& 3C4, !J, l& /&

There may be tri(hthongal synale(ha hen W @yD is the middle voel, ifu (recedes it, or i follos it&

E& O8uW diestro, fuW valiente, fuW arroganteO& :ervantes&



$hen u is the middle voel there may be synale(ha if i follos it& Theconstruction is very rare&

There is no synale(ha ith a ord beginning ith hue&

E& O=ucho nuestro hues(ed tardaO& Tirso de =olina&

!n the folloing cases the grou(s of voels hich ould usually maketri(hthongal synale(ha are (ronounced in to syllables*

@3D $hen the first ord of the grou( ends in to voels hich do notform a di(hthong&

E& O>ue a_n tenWaFabiertosO, (& 34X, LJJ!!!, l& .&

@.D $hen the to initial voels of the second ord do not form adi(hthong&

E& OT_, sombraFarea que, cuantas vecesO, (& 3X0, J#, l& X&

@YD $hen the first ord ends in a di(hthong and the second begins itha voel in a constituent syllable @i&e& a syllable on hich therhythmical accent fallsD&

E& OTan gran designio honra tus audacias&O

!f the accented voel is not in a constituent syllable synale(ha mayoccur&

E& O=ientras la cencia descubrir no alcanceO, (& 3C, !#, l& 3Y&

@/D $hen the first ord ends in a single voel, and the second ordbegins ith a di(hthong in a constituent syllable&

E& OT_, (roceloso austro que derribasO&

@YD and @/D might ell be considered as cases of hiatus&

7'"ALEP9A BET$EE" 8%;+ %+ =%+E #%$EL7

This is less common, yet it eists&

E& O"oFhFaFyFamor donde no hay celosO& Lo(e de #ega&

9!AT;7

9iatus is most frequently found beteen ords having a closesyntactical relation, (articularly if the initial voel of the secondord is in a constituent syllable& !t may occur beteen the articleand its substantive, the (ossessive adjective and its substantive, a



(re(osition and its object, the negatives OnoO and OniO and afolloing voelS and after the conjunctions Oy, que, siO, and otherords having a eak accent such as Odesde, coma, todo, otro, cuandoO,etc&

9iatus is most likely to occur hen the accented voel is the initialvoel of the final ord in a (hrase or verse, or of a ord that has a

strongly accented (osition in the verseS as, for eam(le, hen thesyllable is the net to the last syllable in a verse, or is the fourthor eighth syllable of a hendecasyllabic verse of the second class&

E& O+umor de besos y batir de alasO, (& 3C4, J, l& C&

E& O:omo la ola que la (laya vieneO, (& 3X4, JJJ#!!, l& 3&

!n the above)mentioned case, the (hrase OdeForoO is usually joined bysynale(ha&

E& O=i frente es (lida, mis trenIas deForo&O Becquer&

9iatus is, hoever, sometimes observed in this (hrase&

E& Oe (lumas y de oroO, (& 340, JL, l& .4&

$hen both voels are accented hiatus is more common than synale(ha,even though there is no close syntactical relation, although thevoels may be joined by synale(ha if they do not come in a constituentsyllable&

E& O\%h y isla catNlica (atenteQO 9errera& 19iatus&5

E& O7abes t_F dNnde vaRO (& 3X4, JJJ#!!!, l& /& 17ynale(ha&5

!!& +9'T9=!: A::E"T

The second essential element of 7(anish verse is a rhythmicdistribution of accents ithin a line& $ords have an accent of theiron and another stronger accent on account of their (osition in averse&

This etraordinary accentual stress, hich strengthens (eriodicallycertain naturally accented syllables of a verse, is knon as OrhythmicaccentO& !t (lays somehat the same rle as did quantity in Latinverse& All other accents and (auses in the verse are subservient to

the rhythmic accent&

7(anish verse being accentual, hoever, and not quantitative, theterms used to determine the regular recurrence of long and shortsyllables in Latin verse are not very a((licable to it, and fecom(ositions are regular in the arrangement of the stress&

A& LAT!" TE+=7 %8 #E+7!8!:AT!%" APPL!E T% 7PA"!79 #E+7E



As Latin terms of versification are sometimes a((lied to 7(anishverse, the folloing rules may be hel(ful&

A OtrochaicO octosyllabic line, for eam(le, substituting stress forquantity, ould be scanned

)) )) )) )),

ith the stress on the first, third, fifth, and seventh syllables&

O!ambicO verse ould have a regular alternation of unaccented andaccented syllables, )) )) , etc&

OactylicO verse ould have a regular recurrence of an accentedsyllable folloed by to unaccented syllables, etc&

)) )) )) )) , etc&

OAm(hibrachicO verse ould be formed by a regular recurrence of threesyllables of hich the middle one ould be stressed, )) ))& This

construction is sometimes folloed in lines of telve syllables @(&3C/, !, 3& .D, and also in lines of si syllables @(& 3CX, #!!, 3&)/D&

OAna(esticO verse consists of a regular recurrence of to unstressedsyllables (receding a stressed syllable, )) )) & This is sometimesfound in ten)syllable lines @(& 3C/, !, 3& iD&

B& 7PA"!79 #E+7E E"!"G7

An accented ord is called OagudaO hen it has the accent on the lastsyllable, e&g& Overdad, luI, yoOS OllanaO @or graveD hen it has theaccent on the (enult, e&g& Otrabajo, frutoOS Oesdr_julaO hen it hasthe accent on the ante(enult, e&g& OlWm(ido, (jaro, (NrticoO&

A verse is called Oagudo, llanoO @or graveD, or Oesdr_juloO accordingto hether its final ord is Oaguda, llanaO @or graveD, orOesdr_julaO&

!n a Overso agudoO the last syllable counts for to syllables&Therefore, O"i tu ni yo jamsO, (& 3XX, JJJ!!!, l& ., is ahe(tasyllable&

!n a Overso llanoO @graveD the number of syllables does not change&Therefore, Oetrs del abanicoO, (& 340, JL, l& .X, is ahe(tasyllable&

!n a Overso esdr_juloO, the intermediate syllable beteen the accentedsyllable and the final syllable does not count, either in enumeratingthe syllables in the verse or for the rhyme @assonanceD& Therefore,O;mbrales de su (NrticoO, (& 340, JL, l& Y., is a he(tasyllable&

:& T9E !7T+!B;T!%" %8 +9'T9=!: A::E"T7

!n verses of different length there are different rules ith regard tothe distribution of accents, but the folloing general rules should be



observed&

Every verse must be accented u(on the syllable nominally (receding thefinal syllable&

"%TE* !t should be borne in mind that the actual final syllable in aversa OagudoO counts as to syllables, and that the net to the last

actual syllable in a verso Oesdr_juloO does not count&

Besides the necessary accent on the net to the last syllable, allverses of seven syllables or more must have other necessary accents,hich are determined by the number of syllables in the line&

The syllable directly (receding the one that has the rhythmical accentshould never be accented, for it obstructs the (ro(er accentuation ofthe constituent syllable& A syllable so accented is calledOobstruccionistaO&

& T9E ";=BE+ %8 7'LLABLE7 !" 7PA"!79 #E+7E

7(anish verse may consist of any number of syllables from to u( tositeen& All must have an accent on the net to the last syllable&

Oissyllabic #erseO* A dissyllabic verse may be com(osed of a singleord @either OagudaO, OllanaO, or Oesdr_julaOD&

E& O\uermeQO (& 3XY, JJ#!!, l& 3Y&

There can be no su(ernumerary accents&

OTrisyllabic #erseO* A verse of three syllables can have nosu(ernumerary accent, for the accent ould be OobstruccionistaO&

E& O7us(ira&O

OTetrasyllable #erseO* A verse of four syllables must have an accenton the third syllable& There may or may not be a su(ernumerary accenton the first&

E& Oe ese brWo&O

OPentasyllabic #erseO* A verse of five syllables must have an accenton the fourth& !t may or may not have a su(ernumerary accent on thefirst or second syllable&

E& O+umor sonNroO, (& ! X0, J#, l& Y&

OAdonic verseO is a (entasyllable ith necessary accents on the firstand fourth syllables&

E& O:firo blandoO& #illegas&

O9easyllabic #erseO* A verse of si syllables must have an accent onthe fifth& There may or may not be su(ernumerary accents, but never onthe fourth syllable&



E& O'FentreFaquella sombra . #eWaseFFintrvalos Y ibujarse rWgida .

La forma del cuer(oO, (& 344, LJJ!!!, ll& 3Y)3C&

O9e(tasyllabic #erseO* A verse of seven syllables must have an accenton the sith, and at least one other necessary accent, hich may be onany syllable ece(t the fifth&

. C E& O7u manoFentre mis manos, . C 7us ojos en mis ojosO, (& 3X, JL, ll& 3).&

O%ctosyllabic #erseO* A verse of eight syllables must have an accenton the seventh, and at least one other accent, hich may fall on any

syllable ece(t the sith&

3 / X E& O9ojas del rbol caWdas . X -uguetes al viento son&O Es(ronceda&

O9endecasyllabic verseO* There are to classes of hendecasyllables&

O8irst :lassO* #erses of eleven syllables hich have the sithsyllable and the tenth syllable stressed are hendecasyllables of thefirst class&

E& OLos invisibles ?tomos del ?aireO, (& 3C4, J, l& 3&

9endecasyllables of the first class may have su(ernumerary accents onother syllables, (rovided they do not fall u(on the fifth or ninth&

E& OLos sus?(ires son ?aire, y van al ?aire& Las ?lgrimas son ?agua, y van al ?mar&O (& 3X4, JJJ#!!!, ll& 3).&

O7econd :lassO* 9endecasyllables of the second class areeleven)syllable verses ith the accent on the fourth, eighth, andtenth syllables& There may be accents on other syllables, (rovidedthat they be not OobstruccionistasO&

E& O%las gi?gantes quFeFos rom?(is bra?mando,O (& 34Y, L!!, l& 3&

!f it is difficult to classify a hendecasyllable because it hasaccents on the fourth, sith, eighth, and tenth syllables, one mustdecide on the (rominence of the accents from (auses, or from em(hasis&The hendecasyllable,

OLa vida es ?corta, ?sWS muy ?largo el ?arte,O



ould belong to the first class on account of the em(hasis of OsWO,hile the verse,

OLa vida es ?corta, ?cortaS ?largo el ?arte,O

ould belong to the second class on account of the (ause after thefourth and the em(hasis on the eighth& The accent on the sith is,

then, not constituent, but su(ernumerary&

All meters thus far have

%bligatory @constituentD accents&

8acultative @su(ernumeraryD accents&

A necessary termination in a combination of an unaccented (lus anaccented (lus an unaccented syllable @)) ))D& The dissyllable is theonly ece(tion&

The facultative accent is o((osed to the regular recurrence in each

line of dissyllabic and trisyllabic elements, hich elements causedthe rhythm of Latin verse&

7(anish rhythm is a rhythm of series, of stro(hes, not a rhythm ofregularly recurring accents ithin a verse&

#erses of ten or telve syllables, hoever, lend themselves morereadily to rhythm from regularly recurring stress&

Oecasyllabic #erseO* A verse of ten syllables may be formed by thetri(le re(etition of the trisyllable )) )) & %ne etra unaccentedsyllable is admissible hen the verse is OllanoOS and to hen theverse is Oesdr_juloO&

7cheme*

)) )) )) )) )) )) , OagudoO& )) )) )) )) , )) )) , )) OllanoO& )) )) )) )) )) )) )) )) Oesdr_juloO&

Oodecasyllable #erseO* A verse of telve syllables, iththe stress on the second, fifth, eighth, and eleventh syllables,makes a dodecasyllable of am(hibrachs& This dodecasyllablehas a short metrical (ause after the sith syllable, and a longerone after the telfth&

7cheme*

)) )) )) )) )) )) )) OagudoO& )) )) )) )) )) )) )) )) OllanoO& )) )) )) )) )) )) )) )) Oesdr_juloO&

#erses of different length do not readily intermingle& There are somemeasures, hoever, hich are used much together&

#erses of eleven syllables are used ith those of seven or of fivesyllables&



#erses of eight syllables are used ith those of four syllables&

#erses of ten syllables are used ith those of telve @(& 3C/, !DS andalso ith those of si @(& 3CX, #!!D& These meters lend themselves toregularly recurring stress more readily than any others&

!!!& :AE7;+AL PA;7E7

The caesura is an im(ortant, though not essential, element in 7(anishverse& !n verses of eleven or telve syllables, hoever, the caesurais usually em(loyed to give a break in a determined (lace& The caesurarequires a strong accent on the syllable (receding it, and does not(revent synale(ha&

E& O7i al resonar confusoF tus es(aldasO, (& 3X3, J#!, l& X&

E& O7abe que, ocultoFentre las verdes hojasO, (& 3X3, J#!, l&&

The dis(osition of the caesural (auses determines the harmony of theversification, and usually varies ith the accents so as to avoidmonotony in the verse&

!#& +9'=E

"&B& 8or (ur(oses of +hyme, ords may be divided into to classes*

O8irstO, ords ending in a voel&

7econd, ords ending in a consonant&

+hymes are called feminine, if the rhyme ords end in a voel&

+hymes are called masculine, if the rhyme ords end in a consonant&

"%TE* 8inal s and final n, es(ecially in the (lural of nouns and inverbs, do not count& Therefore, O(enasO and OarenasO ould form afeminine rhyme&

There are to kinds of rhyme* :onsonance and Assonance&

A& :%"7%"A":E

O:onsonantal rhymeO is one in hich all the letters, voels andconsonants, are the same from the accented syllable to the end of theord, e&g& Obruma))es(umaOS Oflor))amorO&

!n consonantal rhyme both consonants and voels should agree eactly@Osonante))erranteODS b and v can, hoever, rhyme together, since they



re(resent the same sound, e&g& Oestaba))esclavaOS Ohaba))clavaO&

The folloing are a fe general rules for consonantal rhyme&

A ord should not rhyme ith itself& 7ometimes, hoever, a sim(le ordrhymes ith a derivative @Omenor))(ormenorOD or to derivatives itheach other @Omenos(recio))des(recioOD&

The tenses of verbs hich end in )aba, )ando, )is, )isS the (resentand (ast (artici(les of regular verbsS adverbs ith the termination)menteS verbal nouns ending in )miento, )ciNn, and other similarendings,))should not rhyme together&

$ords similar in sound and form but distinct in meaning may rhyme&

OsonO @?sound?D))OsonO @?are?D

!f an unaccented eak voel @i, uD (recedes or follos a strong voelin the same syllable of a ord, it is absorbed by the strong voel,and does not count in the rhyme& Therefore, OvueloO and OcieloO rhymeS

also OmuestraO and OdiestraO&

B& A77%"A":E

$hen the voels from the accented syllable to the end of the ord arethe same, but the consonants are different, the rhyme is calledassonance& Therefore, OinflamanO and O(asaO assonate in )aS OnegrosOand OcreoO in e)o&

!n ords accented on the last syllable @OagudasOD, the assonance isthat of the last syllable only, e&g& O(erdNn))es(irNOS OaIul))t_O&

!n ords accented on the ante(enult @Oesdr_julasOD or on a (recedingsyllable, only the accented syllable and the final syllable count for(ur(oses of assonance& Therefore, OfbulaO and OlgrimasO assonate in)aS OtrmuloO and OvrtigoO assonate in )o&

$ords accented on the last syllable @OagudasOD cannot assonate ithords accented on the (enult @OllanasOD, or ith those accented on theante(enult @Oesdr_julasOD or u(on any (receding syllable&

!n ords OllanasO or Oesdr_julasO the assonance is of to voels only&!n di(hthongs the accented voel only is considered if the di(hthongoccur in an accented syllable& Therefore, OverteO and OduermesOassonate in e)eS ObaileO and O(arteO assonate in a)e&

$ords OllanasO may assonate ith ords accented on the ante(enult@Oesdr_julasOD& Therefore, O(NrticoO and OolmosO assonate in N)o&

8or (ur(oses of assonance little use is made of ords accented on asyllable (receding the ante(enult&

!n a final accented or unaccented syllable u and i are absorbed, for(ur(oses of assonance, by a (receding or folloing a, o, or e&Therefore, OsabiaO and OgratiaO assonate in )aS OigualO and OmarOassonate in a, O(leitaO and O(liegaO assonate in )a&



!f in assonance a eak voel is united in a di(hthong ith a strongvoel, the assonance is called Ocom(ound assonanceO, e&g&Oguarda))fatuaO&

Assonance beteen to single voels is called Osim(le assonanceO, e&g&Osangre))traeO&

This distinction is of little value, hoever, for verses in sim(le andcom(ound assonance alternate constantly&

!n the case of to strong voels forming a di(hthong after an accentedsyllable, the folloing rules a((ly&

a in a final unaccented syllable (redominates over a (receding orsucceeding o in the same syllable& Therefore, OAstrloaO and OnaoOassonate in )a&

a in a final unaccented syllable (redominates over a (receding orfolloing e in the same syllable& Therefore, Ocor(NreaO and OrNseaO

assonate in N)a&

o in a final unaccented syllable (redominates over a (receding e inthe same syllable& Therefore, ONleoO and OerrNneoO assonate in N)oSbut o in a final unaccented syllable is dominated by a folloing e inthe same syllable, and the e counts in the assonance& Therefore,OhroeO and OvecesO assonate in )e&

$hen to eak voels @i, uD are united in a di(hthong, the second(redominates& Thus OtriunfoO and OchuloO assonate in _)oS OcuidoO andObenditoO assonate in i)o&

There are tenty (ossible assonances in 7(anish* , N, , i, _, )a,)e, )o, )a, )e, )o, N)a, N)e, N)o, i)a, i)e, i)o, _)a, _)e, _)o&

$ords that have in the final unaccented syllable i or u, not indi(hthongs, are considered for (ur(oses of assonance as if ending in eor o res(ectively& Therefore, OfcilO and OnaveO assonate in )eSOes(WrituO and OlWquidoO, in i)o&

!f ai occurs in a syllable after an a in the accented syllable, the irather than the a of the di(hthong counts in the assonance& Therefore,OcantaresO and OtrocabaisO assonate in )e& !f the accented voel isnot a, the a of ai counts in the assonance& Therefore, O#icentaO andOquisieraisO assonate in )a&

:onsonantal rhyme should not be introduced in com(ositions ritten in

assonance& This rule is not alays observed @see ((& 34Y)34/, L!!!D&

The assonance of alternate lines @the even numbersD is the rule inmodern 7(anish& !f the com(osition is short the same assonance may beke(t throughout&

Blank #erse&))#erses hich lack both consonantal rhyme and assonanceoccur in 7(anish, and are called Oversos sueltosO @or OlibresOD&:om(ositions in blank verse are, hoever, etremely difficult to ritein 7(anish, and are therefore com(aratively rare&



7T+%P9E7

The stro(he is frequently of arbitrary length, yet hen the (oet hasonce fied the measure of his stro(he he is su((osed to (reserve thesame measure throughout& The folloing are some of the stro(hic

arrangements in 7(anish&

OPareadosO are (airs of contiguous verses of the same number ofsyllables, hich rhyme135 together in (airs&

18ootnote 3* By OrhymeO hereafter shall be understood OconsonantalO rhyme, unless otherise indicated&5

OTercetosO are a series of stro(hes, in the first of hich the firstverse rhymes ith the third, and, from the second stro(he on, thefirst and third verse of each successive stro(he rhyme ith the middleverse of the (receding stro(he& This form of verse is knon in !talianas OterIa rimaO& The com(osition ends ith a OserventesioO @see

beloD, of hich the first and third verses rhyme ith the middleverse of the (receding stro(he& The rhyme)scheme, then, ould be a ba, b c b, c d c, etc&, d e d e&

O:uartetasO, (ro(erly so called, are stro(hes of four eight)syllableverses, of hich the second verse rhymes @or is in assonanceD ith thefourth& O:uartetaO is likeise a general name given to stro(hes offour verses&

O7erventesiosO are stro(hes of four hendecasyllables, of hich thefirst rhymes or assonates ith the third, and the second ith thefourth&

O+edondillasO are stro(hes of four eight)syllable @or sometimessi)syllableD verses hich rhyme as follos* a b b a&

O:uartetosO are stro(hes of four hendecasyllables ith therhyme)scheme a b b a& !t is not customary to (ut a final ord that isOagudaO in the uneven verses of com(ositions ritten inhendecasyllables, or in verses that rhyme ith them& 7ometimes thefour verses are esdr_julos&

O+omancesO, hich are the most used of all forms, need not be rittenin OcuartetasO& !t is sufficient that the even verses be in assonanceand the uneven verses free& +omances, (ro(erly so called, are com(osedof octosyllabic verses&

O+omancillosO are romances com(osed of verses ith less than eightsyllables&

O+omances herNicosO are romances com(osed of hendecasyllabic verses,all of hich are OllanosO&

O>uintillasO are combinations of five verses that have but to rhymes,of hich one occurs three times and the other tice& These verses mayrhyme at the ill of the (oet, (rovided that three verses having thesame rhyme do not follo each other successively& %f the (ossible



arrangements the folloing occur most frequently* a a b b a, a b b aa, a b a b a, a b a b b&

O7etinasO are usually com(osed of si hendecasyllabic verses in hicha OserventesioO is folloed by a O(areadoO&

The first, third, and fifth verses, hoever, may rhyme together, and

the second, fourth, and sith&

There are also OsetinasO hich have the third and sith verses ith aconsonantal rhyme in ords that are OagudasO, hile the first andsecond, and the fourth and fifth, form O(areadosO&

!n com(ositions ritten in OsetinasO the succeeding stro(hes have thesame arrangement as the first&

%ctavas*

O%ctavas de Arte mayorO are com(osed of eight dodecasyllables dividedinto to equal hemistichs, ith the accents on the second, fifth,

seventh, and eleventh syllables& The first verse rhymes ith thefourth, fifth, and eighthS the second ith the thirdS and the sithith the seventh& 7ometimes the second rhymes ith the fourth, thefifth ith the eighth, the first ith the third, the sith ith theseventh&

O%ctavas realesO are stro(hes of eight hendecasyllabic verses@OllanosOD, of hich the first si rhyme alternately and the last toform a O(areadoO&

$hen OoctavasO of this form have eight)syllable verses or less, theyare called OoctavillasO&

O%ctavasO and O%ctavillas !talianasO*

There are four variants, but all must have the fourth and eighthverses OagudosO&

O8irst variantO* There is no Overso libreO, and the rhyme)scheme is ab b c a d d c&

O7econd variantO* The first and fifth verses are OlibresO and theothers rhyme 3 b b c d d c& This form is the most used of all&

OThird variantO* All the verses are OlibresO ece(t the fourth andeighth&

O8ourth variantO* The rhymes have some other arrangement than thosementioned in the three (receding cases&

OcimasO are stro(hes of ten octosyllabic verses ith therhyme)scheme a b b a a c c d d c&

Thus far all the com(ositions treated have been stro(hes, of hich allthe lines have the same number of syllables&

The most common stro(hes having an unequal number of syllables in the



com(onent verses are as follos*

OEndechas realesO are OcuartetasO in hich three he(tasyllables arefolloed by a hendecasyllable& The even verses are usually inassonance, although the verses may have the rhyme)scheme a b a b&

The OLiraO is a stro(he of five verses, of hich the first, third, and

fourth are he(tasyllables, and the second and fifth arehendecasyllables& The rhyme)scheme is a b a b b&

O7eguidillasO are stro(hes com(osed of seven verses, three of hichare he(tasyllables and four (entasyllables& The first, third, andsith verses are OlibresO, the second and fourth have the sameassonance, and the fifth and seventh another distinct assonance&

O7ilvasO are series of stro(hes com(osed of hendecasyllables andhe(tasyllables of unequal number and unevenly distributed ith a freearrangement of rhymes& Every verse should rhyme ith another, yetsometimes a verse is left unrhymed in long com(ositions&

The O7onnetO is taken from the !talian and has the same general forms&!t is ritten in hendecasyllables, and is alays divided into four(arts))to quatrains and to tercets&

O#ersos sueltosO @blank verseD are verses hich do not assonate iththe other contiguous verses, or ith the nearest ords in hich thesense demands a (ause&

There are many other and very artificial forms that eist, but theirtreatment ould be irrelevant here& uring the nineteenth century theca(rice of the (oet invented many ne forms of hich the arrangementis evident at a glance&

!n closing, it should be said that this study of 7(anish (rosody,hich is (rimarily intended as an aid to the reading of Becquer?s(oetry contained in this volume, is necessarily too brief to beehaustive, and many things are (ur(osely omitted, as, for eam(le,certain unusual forms of verse such as the nine)syllable verse or thatof more than telve syllables& $herever it has been found convenient,references have been made to Becquer?s (oems to illustrate (oints ofversification&

LEGE"7, TALE7, A" P%E=7B' BE:>;E+

E7E =! :ELA

@O:artas LiterariasOD

:A+TA 7EJTA



>ueridos amigos* 9ar cosa de dos ] tres aUos, tal veI leerWan135ustedes en los (eriNdicos de KaragoIa1.5 la relaciNn de un crimen quetuvo lugar en uno de los (ueblecillos de estos contornos& Tratbasedel asesinato de una (obre vieja quien sus convecinos acusaban debruja& Zltimamente, y (or una coincidencia etraWia, he tenido ocasiNnde conocer los detalles y la historia circunstanciada de un hecho que

se com(rende a(enas en mitad de un siglo tan des(reocu(ado como elnuestro&1Y5

18ootnote 3* leerWan ustedes ?you may have read&?5

18ootnote .* KaragoIa ?7aragossa&? A 7(anish city of some ,000 inhabitants, ca(ital of the (rovince of the same name, situated on the Ebro river at its junction ith the 9uerva& !t is famous for its to cathedrals, OEl PilarO and La 7eo, and for its obstinate and heroic resistance at the time of the siege by the 8rench in 3404&5

18ootnote Y* The belief in itchcraft is still (revalent in some quarters, and as late as 34CY a man as droned at 9edingham, in

Esse, Eng&, for being a iIard, his accusers and (ersecutors being village tradesmen& 7ee Breer, Oictionary of =iraclesO, Phila&, Li((incott :o&, 344/, (& Y/&5

'a estaba (ara acabar el dWa& El cielo, que desde el amanecer semantuvo cubierto y nebuloso, comenIaba obscurecerse medida que elsol, que antes trans(arentaba su luI travs de las nieblas, ibadebilitndose, cuando, con la es(eranIa de ver su famoso castillo comotrmino y remate de mi artWstica e(ediciNn, dej Litago135 (araencaminarme TrasmoI,1.5 (ueblo del que me se(araba una distancia detres cuartos de hora (or el camino ms corto& :omo de costumbre, ye(onindome, trueque de eaminar mi gusto los (arajes ms s(erosy accidentados, las fatigas y la incomodidad de (erder el camino (orentre aquellas IarIas y (eUascales, tom el ms difWcil, el ms dudosoy ms largo, y lo (erdW en efecto, (esar de las minuciosasinstrucciones de que me (ertrech la salida del lugar&

18ootnote 3* Litago& A small village of some C00 inhabitants, situated in the (rovince of 7aragossa on the northern slo(e of the =oncayo @see (& 4, note 3D to the est of the river 9uecha, not far from Alcal de =oncayo&5

18ootnote .* TrasmoI& A small village of some Y00 inhabitants, situated in the (rovince of 7aragossa near the =oncayo and not far from the river 9uecha& !t contains an ancient castle& 7ee (& 3Y, note 3&5

'a enIarIado en lo ms es(eso y fragoso del monte, llevando deldiestro la caballerWa (or entre sendas casi im(racticables, ora (orlas cumbres (ara descubrir la salida del laberinto, ora (or lashonduras con la idea de cortar terreno, anduve vagando al aIar un buenes(acio de tarde hasta que (or _ltimo, en el fondo de una cortaduratro(ec con un (astor, el cual abrevaba su ganado en el riachuelo que,des(us de desliIarse sobre un cauce de (iedras de mil colores, saltay se retuerce allW con un ruido (articular que se oye grandistancia, en medio del (rofundo silencio de la naturaleIa que enaquel (unto y aquella hora (arece muda N dormida&



Pregunt al (astor el camino del (ueblo, el cual seg_n mis cuentas nodebWa distar mucho del sitio en que nos encontrbamos, (ues aunque sinsenda fija, yo habWa (rocurado adelantar siem(re en la direcciNn queme habWan indicado& 7atisfiIo el buen hombre mi (regunta lo mejor que(udo, y ya me dis(onWa (roseguir mi aIarosa jornada, subiendo con(ies y manos y tirando de la caballerWa como ios me daba entender,

(or entre unos (edruscos eriIados de matorrales y (untas, cuando el(astor que me veWa subir desde lejos, me diN una gran voIadvirtindome que no tomara la Osenda de la tWa :ascaO, si querWallegar sano y salvo la cumbre& La verdad era que el camino, queequivocadamente habWa tornado, se hacWa cada veI ms s(ero y difWcily que (or una (arte la sombra que ya arrojaban las altWsimas rocas,que (arecWan sus(endidas sobre mi cabeIa, y (or otro el ruidovertiginoso del agua que corrWa (rofunda mis (ies, y de la quecomenIaba elevarse una niebla inquieta y aIul, que se etendWa (orla cortadura borrando los objetos y los colores, (arecWan contribuir turbar la vista y conmover el nimo con una sensaciNn de (enosomalestar que vulgarmente (odrWa llamarse (reludio de miedo& #olvW (iesatrs, baj de nuevo hasta donde se encontraba el (astor, y mientras

seguWamos juntos (or una trocha que se dirigWa al (ueblo, adondetambin iba (asar la noche mi im(rovisado guWa, no (ude menos de(reguntarle con alguna insistencia, (or qu, a(arte de lasdificultades que ofrecWa el ascenso, era tan (eligroso subir lacumbre (or la senda que llamo de la tWa :asca&

))Porque antes de terminar la senda, me dijo con el tono ms naturaldel mundo, tendrWais que costear el (reci(icio que cayN la malditabruja que le da su nombre, y en el cual se cuenta que anda (enando elalma que, des(us de dejar el cuer(o, ni ios ni el diablo han querido(ara suya&

))\9olaQ eclam entonces como sor(rendido, aunque, decir verdad, yame es(eraba una contestaciNn de esta N (arecida clase& ' en qudiantres se entretiene el alma de esa (obre vieja (or estosandurrialesR

))En acosar y (erseguir los infelices (astores que se arriesgan (oresa (arte de monte, ya haciendo ruido entre las matas, como si fueseun lobo, ya dando quejidos lastimeros como de criatura, Nacurrucndose en las quiebras de las rocas que estn en el fondo del(reci(icio, desde donde llama con su mano amarilla y seca los quevan (or el borde, les clava la mirada de sus ojos de buho, y cuando elvrtigo comienIa desvanecer su cabeIa, da un gran salto, se lesagarra los (ies y (ugna hasta des(eUarlos en la sima&&&& \Ah,maldita brujaQ eclamN des(us de un momento el (astor tendiendo el(uUo cris(ado hacia las rocas como amenaIndolaS \ahQ maldita bruja,

muchas hiciste en vida, y ni aun muerta hemos logrado que nos dejes en(aIS (ero, no haya cuidado, que tW y tu endiablada raIa dehechiceras os hemos de a(lastar una una como vWboras&

))Por lo que veo, insistW, des(us que hubo concluWdo su etravaganteim(recaciNn, est usted muy al corriente de las fechorWas de esamujer& Por ventura, alcanIN usted conocerlaR Porque no me (arece detanta edad como (ara haber vivido en el tiem(o en que las brujasandaban todavWa (or el mundo&



Al oir estas (alabras el (astor, que caminaba delante de mW (aramostrarme la senda, se detuvo un (oco, y fijando en los mWos susasombrados ojos, como (ara conocer si me burlaba, eclamN con unacento de buena fe (asmosa*))\>ue no le (areIco usted de edadbastante (ara haberla conocidoQ Pues y si yo le dijera que no hacea_n tres aUos cabales que con estos mismos ojos que se ha de comer latierra, la vW caer (or lo alto de ese derrumbadero, dejando en cada

uno de los (eUascos y de las IarIas un jirNn de vestido N de carne,hasta que llegN al fondo donde se quedN a(lastada como un sa(o que secoge debajo del (ieR

))Entonces, res(ondW asombrado mi veI de la credulidad de aquel(obre hombre, dar crdito lo que usted dice, sin objetar (alabraSaunque mW se me habWa figurado, aUadW recalcando estas _ltimasfrases (ara ver el efecto que le hacWan, que todo eso de las brujas ylos hechiIos no eran sino antiguas y absurdas (atraUas de las aldeas&

))Eso dicen los seUores de la ciudad, (orque ellos no les molestanSy fundados en que todo es (uro cuento, echaron (residio algunosinfelices que nos hicieron un bien de caridad la gente del

7omontano,135 des(eUando esa mala mujer&

18ootnote 3* la gente del 7omontano ?the (eo(le of the 7lo(e,? those living near the foot of the =oncayo mountain&5

)):onque no cayN casualmente ella, sino que la hicieron rodar, quequieras que noR \ ver verQ :unteme usted como (asN eso, (orquedebe ser curioso, aUadW, mostrando toda la credulidad y el asombrosuficiente, (ara que el buen hombre no maliciase que sNlo querWadistraerme un rato, oyendo sus sandecesS (ues es de advertir que hastaque no me refiriN los (ormenores del suceso, no hice memoria de que,en efecto, yo habWa leWdo en los (eriNdicos de (rovincia una cosasemejante& El (astor, convencido (or las muestras de inters con queme dis(onWa escuchar su relate, de que yo no era uno de esos seUoresOde la ciudadO, dis(uesto tratar de majaderWas su historia, levantNla mano en direcciNn uno de los (icachos de la cumbre, y comenINasW, seUalndome una de las rocas que se destacaba obscura im(onentesobre el fondo gris del cielo, que el sol, al (onerse tras las nubes,teUWa de algunos cambiantes rojiIos&

))#e usted aquel cabeIo alto, alto, que (arece cortado (ico, y (orentre cuyas (enas crecen las aliagas y los IarIalesR =e (arece quesucediN ayer& 'o estaba algunos doscientos (asos camino atrs de dondenos encontramos en este momento* (rNimamente serWa135 la misma hora,cuando creW escuchar unos alaridos distantes, y llantos im(recaciones que se entremeIclaban con voces varoniles y colricasque ya se oWan (or un lado, ya (or otro, como de (astores que

(ersiguen un lobo (or entre los IarIales& El sol, seg_n digo, estabaal (onerse, y (or detrs de la altura se descubrWa un jirNn del cielo,rojo y encendido como la grana, sobre el que vW a(arecer alta, seca yhara(osa, semejante un esqueleto que se esca(a de su fosa, envueltoa_n en los jirones del sudario, una vieja horrible, en la que conocW la tWa :asca& La tWa :asca era famosa en todos estos contornos, y mebastN distinguir sus greUas blancuIcas que se enredaban alrededor desu frente como culebras, sus formas etravagantes, su cuer(o encorvadoy sus braIos disformes, que se destacaban angulosos y obscuros sobreel fondo de fuego del horiIonte, (ara reconocer en ella la bruja de



TrasmoI& Al llegar sta al borde del (reci(icio, se detuvo un instantesin saber qu (artido tomar& Las voces de los que (arecWan (erseguirlasonaban cada veI ms cerca, y de cuando en cuando la veWa hacer unacontorsiNn, encogerse N dar un brinco (ara evitar los cantaIos que learrojaban& 7in duda no traWa el bote de sus endiablados untos, (orque, traerlo, seguro que habrWa atravesado al vuelo la cortadura, dejando sus (erseguidores burlados y jadeantes como lebreles que (ierden la

(ista& \ios no lo quiso asW, (ermitiendo que de una veI (agar todassus maldadesQ&&& Llegaron los moIos que venWan en su seguimiento, y lacumbre se coronN de gentes, stos con (iedras en las manos, aquelloscon garrotes, los de ms all con cuchillos& Entonces comenIN una cosahorrible& La vieja, \maldita hi(ocritonaQ vindose sin huida, searrojN al suelo, se arrastrN (or la tierra besando los (ies de losunos, abraIndose las rodillas de los otros, im(lorando en su ayuda la #irgen y los 7antos, cuyos nombres sonaban en su condenada bocacomo una blasfemia& Pero los moIos, asW hacWan caso de sus lamentoscomo yo de la lluvia cuando estoy bajo techado&))'o soy una (obrevieja que no he hecho daUo nadie* no tengo hijos ni (arientes que mevengan am(ararS \(erdonadme, tened com(asiNn de mWQ aullaba labrujaS y uno de los moIos, que con la una mano la habWa asido de las

greUas, mientras tenWa en la otra la navaja que (rocuraba abrir conlos dientes, la contestaba rugiendo de cNlera* \Ah, bruja de Lucifer,ya es tarde (ara lamentaciones, ya te conocemos todosQ))\T_ hicisteun mal mi mulo, que desde entonces no quiso (robar bocado, y muriNde hambre dejndome en la miseriaQ decia uno&))\T_ has hecho mal deojo mi hijo, y lo sacas de la cuna y lo aIotas (or las nochesQaUadia el otroS y cada cual eclamaba (or su lado* \T_ has echado unasuerte mi hermanaQ \T_ has ligado mi noviaQ \T_ has em(onIoUado lahierbaQ \T_ has embrujado al (ueblo enteroQ1.5

18ootnote 3* serWa ? it must have been,?5

18ootnote .* Accusations commonly made against those deemed guilty of itchcraft&5

'o (ermanecWa inmNvil en el mismo (unto en que me habWa sor(rendidoaquel clamoreo infernal, y no acertaba mover (ie ni mano, (endientedel resultado de aquella lucha&

La voI de la tWa :asca, aguda y estridente, dominaba el tumulto detodas las otras voces que se reunWan (ara acusarla, dndole en elrostro con sus delitos, y siem(re gimiendo, siem(re solloIando, seguWa(oniendo ios y los santos Patronos del lugar (or testigos de suinocencia&

Por _ltimo, viendo (erdida toda es(eranIa, (idiN como _ltima mercedque la dejasen un instante im(lorar del cielo, antes de morir, el

(erdNn de sus cul(as, y de rodillas al borde de la cortadura comoestaba, la vieja inclinN la cabeIa, juntN las manos y comenIN murmurar entre dientes qu s yo qu im(recaciones ininteligibles*(alabras que yo no (odWa oir (or la distancia que me se(araba de ella,(ero que ni los mismos que estaban su lado lograron entenderS ;nosaseguran que hablaba en latWn, otros que en una lengua salvaje ydesconocida, no faltando quien (udo com(render que en efecto reIaba,aunque diciendo las oraciones al revs, como es costumbre de estasmalas mujeres&



En este (unto se detuvo el (astor un memento, tendiN su alrededoruna mirada, y (rosiguiN asW*

))7iente usted este (rofundo silencio que reina en todo el monte, queno suena un guijarro, que no se mueve una hoja, que el aire estinmNvil y (esa sobre los hombros y (arece que a(lastaR #e usted esosjirones de niebla obscura que se desliIan (oco (oco lo largo de la

inmensa (endiente del =oncayo,135 como si sus cavidades no bastaran contenerlosR Los ve usted como se adelantan mudos y con lentitud,como una legiNn area que se mueve (or un im(ulse invisibleR El mismosilencio de muerte habWa entonces, el mismo as(ecto etraUo y temerosoofrecWa la niebla de la tarde, arremolinada en las lejanas cumbres,todo el tiem(o que durN aquella sus(ensiNn angustiosa& 'o lo confiesocon toda franqueIa* llegu tener miedo& >uin sabWa si la brujaa(rovechaba aquellos instantes (ara hacer uno de esos terriblesconjuros que sacan los muertos de sus se(ulturas, estremecen elfondo de los abismos y traen la su(erficie de la tierra, obedientes sus im(recaciones, hasta los ms rebeldes es(Writus infernalesR Lavieja reIabaS reIaba sin (ararS los moIos (ermanecWan en tantoinmNviles cual si estuviesen encadenados (or un sortilegio, y las

nieblas obscuras seguWan avanIando y envolviendo las (eUas, enderredor de las cuales fingWan mil figuras etraUas como de mNnstruosdeformes, cocodrilos rojos y negros, bultos colosales de mujeresenvueltas en (aUos blancos, y listas largas de va(or que, heridas (orla _ltima luI del cre(_sculo, semejaban inmensas ser(ientes decolores&

18ootnote 3* El =oncayo& A mountain of some XC00 feet in height situated near the boundaries of the (rovinces of 7oria and 7aragossa, to the est of the ton of Borja and to the south of TaraIona& The (anorama (resented to the vie from its summit is most etensive& To the south can be seen vaguely the 7ierra de Guadarrama, to the southeast the mountains of Teruel, to the east the (lain of the Ebro, to the north and northeast the Pyrenees and to the est the summits of the :antabrian range& The rivers >ueiles, 9uecha, and others of less im(ortance have their source in the =oncayo& !t is the ancient =ons O:aunusO, celebrated in history for the defeat of the :eltiberians in the time of the consul Tiberius 7em(ronius Gracchus @governor of 9ither 7(ain from 343 to 3X4 B&:&D&5

8ija la mirada en aquel fantstico ejercito de nubes que (arecWancorrer al asalto de la (eUa sobre cuyo (ico Wba morir la bruja, yoestaba es(erando (or instantes cuando se abrWan sus senos (ara abortar la diabNlica multitud de es(Writus malignos, comenIando una luchahorrible al borde del derrumbadero, entre los que estaban allW (arahacer justicia en la bruja y los demonios que, en (ago de sus muchos

servicios, vinieran ayudarla en aquel amargo trance&

))' (or fin, eclam interrum(iendo el animado cuento de miinterlocutor, im(aciente ya (or conocer el desenlace, en qu acabNtodo elloR =ataron la viejaR Porque yo creo que (or muchos conjuresque recitara la bruja y muchas seUales que usted viese en las nubes, yen cuanto le rodeaba, los es(Writus malignos se mantendrWan135quietecitos cada cual en su gujeroS sin meIclarse (ara nada en lascosas de la tierra& "o fu asWR



18ootnote 3* se mantendrWan ?must have remained,? ?(robably remained&?5

))AsW fu, en efecto& Bien (orque en su turbaciNn la bruja no acertaracon la fNrmula, N, lo que yo ms creo, (or ser viernes, dWa en quemuriN "uestro 7eUor -esucristo, y no haber acabado a_n las vWs(eras,durante las que los malos no tienen (oder alguno, ello es que, viendo

que no concluWa nunca con su endiablada monserga, un moIo la dijo queacabase y levantando en alto el cuchillo, se dis(uso herirla& Lavieja entonces, tan humilde, tan hi(ocritona, hasta aquel (unto, se(uso de (ie con un movimiento tan r(ido como el de una culebraenroscada la que se (isa y des(liega135 sus anillos irguindosellena de cNlera&))\%hQ noS \no quiero morir, no quiero morirQ decWaS\dejadme, _ os morderN las manos con que me sujetisQ&&& Pero a_n nohabWa (ronunciado estas (alabras, abalanIndose sus (erseguidores,fuera de sW, con las greUas sueltas, los ojos inyectados en sangre, yla hedionda boca entreabierta y llena de es(uma, cuando la oW arrojarun alarido es(antoso, llevarse (or dos N tres veces las manos alcostado con grande (reci(itaciNn, mirrselas y volvrselas mirarmaquinalmente, y (or _ltimo, dando tres N cuatro (asos vacilantes como

si estuviese borracha, la vW caer al derrumbadero& ;no de los moIos quien la bruja hechiIN una hermana, la ms hermosa, la ms buena dellugar, la habWa herido de muerte en el momento en que sintiN que leclavaba en el braIo sus dientes negros y (untiagudos& Pero cree ustedque acabN ahW la cosaR "ada menos que eso* la vieja de Lucifer tenWasiete vidas como los gatos&1.5 :ayN (or un derrumbadero dondecualquiera otro quien se le resbalase un (ie no (ararWa hasta lo mshondo, y ella, sin embargo, tal veI (orque el diablo le quitN el gol(eN (orque los hara(os de las sayas la enredaron en los IarIales, quedNsus(endida de uno de los (icos que eriIan la cortadura, barajndose yretorcindose allW como un re(til colgado (or la cola, \ios, comoblasfemabaQ \>u im(recaciones tan horribles salWan de su bocaQ 7eestremecWan las carnes y se (onWan de (unta los cabellos sNlo deoirla&&&& Los moIos seguWan desde lo alto todas sus grotescasevoluciones, es(erando el instante en que se desgarrarWa el _ltimojirNn de la saya que estaba sujeta, y rodarWa dando tumbos, de (icoen (ico, hasta el fondo del barrancoS (ero ella con el ansia de lamuerte y sin cesar de (roferir, ora horribles blasfemias, ora (alabrassantas meIcladas de maldiciones, se enroscaba en derredor de losmatorralesS sus dedos largos, huesosos y sangrientos, se agarrabancomo tenaIas las hendiduras de las rocas, de modo que ayudndose delas rodillas, de los dientes, de los (ies y de las manos, quiIshubiese conseguido subir hasta el horde, si algunos de los que lacontem(laban y que llegaron temerlo asW, no hubiesen levantado enalto una (iedra gruesa, con la que le dieron tal cantaIo en el (echo,que (iedra y bruja bajaron la veI saltando de escalNn en escalNn (orentre aquellas (untas calcreas, afiladas como cuchillos, hasta dar,

(or _ltimo, en ese arroyo que se ve en lo ms (rofundo del valle&&&&;na veI allW, la bruja (ermaneciN un largo rato inmNvil, con la carahundida entre el lgamo y el fango del arroyo que corrWa enrojecidocon la sangreS des(us, (oco (oco, comenIN como volver en sW y agitarse convulsivamente& El agua cenagosa y sangrienta saltaba enderredor batida (or sus manos, que de veI en cuando se levantaban enel aire cris(adas y horribles, no s si im(lorando (iedad, NamenaIando a_n en las _ltimas ansias&&&& AsW estuvo alg_n tiem(oremovindose y queriendo in_tilmente sacar la cabeIa fuera de lacorriente buscando un (oco de aire, hasta que al fin se des(lomN



muertaS muerta del todo, (ues los que la habWamos visto caer yconocWamos de lo que es ca(aI una hechicera tan astuta como la tWa:asca, no a(artamos de ella los ojos hasta que com(letamente entradala noche, la obscuridad nos im(idiN distinguirla, y en todo estetiem(o no moviN (ie ni manoS de modo que si la herida y los gol(es nofueron bastantes acabarla, es seguro que se ahogo en el riachuelocuyas aguas tantas veces habWa embrujado en vida (ara hacer morir

nuestras reses& \>uien en mal anda, en mal acabaQ eclamamos des(usde mirar una _ltima veI al fondo obscuro del des(eUaderoS ysantigundonos santamente y (idiendo ios nos ayudase en todas lasocasiones, como en aqulla, contra el diablo y los suyos, em(rendimoscon bastante des(acio la vuelta al (ueblo, en cuya desvencijada torrelas cam(anas llamaban la oraciNn los vecinos devotos&

18ootnote 3* la que se (isa y des(liega& Loose construction, in hich the relative (ronoun object of the first verb is understood as subject of the second&5

18ootnote .* The cat is credited in our colloquial English e(ression ith to more lives&5

:uando el (astor terminN su relato, llegbamos (recisamente lacumbre ms cercana al (ueblo, desde donde se ofreciN mi vista elcastillo obscuro im(onente con su alta torre del homenaje, de la quesNlo queda en (ie un lienIo de muro con dos saeteras, quetrans(arentaban la luI y (arecian los ojos de un fantasma& En aquelcastillo, que tiene (or cimiento la (iIarra negra de que est formadoel monte, y cuyas vetustas murallas, hechas de (edruscos enormes,(arecen obras de titanes, es fama que las brujas de los contornostienen sus nocturnes concilibulos&

La noche habi cerrado ya, sombri y nebulosa& La luna se dejaba ver intervalos (or entre los jirones de las nubes que volaban en derredornuestro, roIando casi con la tierra, y las cam(anas de TrasmoI135dejaban oir lentamente el toque de oraciones, como el final de lahorrible historia que me acababan de referir&

18ootnote 3* TrasmoI& 7ee (& ., note .&5

Ahora que estoy en mi celda tranquilo, escribiendo (ara ustedes larelaciNn de estas im(resiones etraUas, no (uedo menos de maravillarmey dolerme de que las viejas su(ersticiones tengan todavWa tan hondasraWces entre las gentes de las aldeas, que den lugar sucesossemejantesS (ero, (or qu no he de confesarloR sonndome a_n las_ltimas (alabras de aquella temerosa relaciNn, teniendo junto mi aquel hombre que tan de buena fe im(loraba la (rotecciNn divina (arallevar cabo crWmenes es(antosos, viendo mis (ies el abismo negro y

(rofundo en donde se revolvWa el agua entre las tinieblas, imitandogemidos y lamentos, y en lontananIa el castillo tradicional,135coronado de almenas obscuras, que (arecWan fantasmas asomadas losmuros, sentW una im(resiNn angustiosa, mis cabellos se eriIaroninvoluntariamente, y la raINn, dominada (or la fantasWa, la que todoayudaba, el sitio, la hora y el silencio de la noche, vacilN un (unto,y casi creW que las absurdas consejas de las brujerWas y losmaleficios (udieran ser (osibles&

18ootnote 3* tradicional ?legendary&? Legend says that this castle



as built in a night by a magician to satisfy the him of one of the early kings& Becquer tells the story of its construction in O:arta s(timaO&5

L%7 %-%7 #E+E7

9ace mucho tiem(o que tenWa ganas de escribir cualquier cosa con estetWtulo&

9oy, que se me ha (resentado ocasiNn, lo he (uesto con letras grandesen la (rimera cuartilla de (a(el, y luego he dejado ca(riclio volarla (luma&

'o creo que he visto unos ojos como los que he (intado en estaleyenda& "o s si en sueUos, (ero yo los he visto& e seguro no los(odr describir tales cuales ellos eran, luminosos, trans(arentes como

las gotas de la lluvia que se resbalan sobre las hojas de los rbolesdes(us de una tem(estad de verano& e todos modos, cuento con laimaginaciNn de mis lectores (ara hacerme com(render en este que(udiramos llamar boceto de un cuadro que (intar alg_n dia&

!

))9erido va el ciervo, herido vaS no hay duda& 7e ve el rastro de lasangre entre las IarIas del monte, y al saltar uno de esos lentiscoshan flaqueado sus (iernas&&&& "uestro joven seUor comienIa (or dondeotros acaban &&& en cuarenta aUos de montero no he visto mejorgol(e&&&& \Pero (or 7an 7aturio,135 (atrNn de 7oriaQ1.5 cortadle el(aso (or esas carrascas, aIuIad los (erros, so(lad en esas trom(ashasta echar los hWgados, y hundidle los corceles una cuarta dehierro en los ijares* no vis que se dirige hacia la fuente de loslamos,1Y5 y si la salva antes de morir (odemos darle (or (erdidoR

18ootnote 3* 7an 7aturio& 7aint 7aturius as born, according to Tamayo, in /Y& !n Y. he ithdre from the orld into a cave at the foot of a mountain bathed by the river uero, near here no stands the ton of 7oria& There he lived about thirty)si years, or until C4, hen he died and as buried by his faithful disci(le 7t& Prudentius, later bisho( of TaraIona, ho had been a com(anion of the hermit during the last seven years of his life& 9is cave is still an object of (ilgrimage, and a church has been built on the s(ot to the memory of the saint& 7ee 8loreI, OEs(aUaO 7agrada,

=adrid, 3XCC, tomo vii, ((& .Y)./&5

18ootnote .* 7oria& A mediaeval)looking ton of X.C inhabitants situated on a bleak (lateau on the right bank of the uero& !t is the ca(ital of a (rovince of the same name& The old ton of "umantia @ca(tured by the +omans under P& :ornelius 7ci(io AEmilianus, 3YY B&:&D lay about three miles to the north of the (resent site of 7oria&5

18ootnote Y* lamos& The choice of a grove of (o(lars as setting to



the enchanted fount is (eculiarly a((ro(riate, as this tree belongs to the large list of those believed to have magical (ro(erties& !n the south of Euro(e the (o(lar seems to have held sometimes the mythological (lace reserved in the north for the birch, and the (eo(le of Andalusia believe that the (o(lar is the most ancient of trees& @7ee de Gubernatis, Ka O=ythologie des (lantesO, Paris, +einald, 344., (& .4&D !n classical su(erstition the black (o(lar

as consecrated to the goddess Proser(ine, and the hite (o(lar to 9ercules& MThe $hite Po(lar as also dedicated to Time, because its leaves ere constantly in motion, and, being dark on one side and light on the other, they ere emblematic of night and day&&&& There is a tradition that the :ross of :hrist as made of the ood of the $hite Po(lar, and throughout :hristendom there is a belief that the tree trembles and shivers mystically in sym(athy ith the ancestral tree hich became accursed&&&& =rs& 9emans, in her ?$ood $alk,? thus alludes to one of these old traditions*

8AT9E+&))9ast thou heard, my boy, The (easant?s legend of that quivering treeR

:9!L&))"o, fatherS doth he say the fairies dance Amidst its branchesR

8AT9E+&))%hQ a cause more dee(, =ore solemn far, the rustic doth assign To the strange restlessness of those an leaves& The :ross he deems))the blessed :ross, hereon The meek +edeemer bo?d 9is head to death)) $as formed of As(en oodS and since that hour Through all its race the (ale tree hath sent don A thrilling consciousness, a secret ae =aking them tremulous, hen not a breeIe isturbs the airy Thistle)don, or shakes The light lines from the shining gossamer&M

+ichard 8olkard, OPlant LoreO, London, 34., (& 0Y&5

Las cuencas del =oncayo135 re(itieron de eco en eco el bramido de lastrom(as, el latir de la jaurWa desencadenada y las voces de los (ajesresonaron con nueva furia, y el confuso tro(el de hombres, caballos y(erros se dirigiN al (unto que !Uigo, el montero mayor de losmarqueses de Almenar,1.5 seUalara,1Y5 como el ms (ro(Nsito (aracortarle el (aso la res&

18ootnote 3* El =oncayo& 7ee (& 4, note 3&5

18ootnote .* =arqueses de Almenar& A title taken doubtless from the

little ton of Almenar @C0 inhabitantsD situated in the (rovince of 7oria near the right bank of the +ituerto river, southest of the =oncayo, and not far from that mountain&5

18ootnote Y* seUalara& A relic of the Latin (lu(erfect @in O)aramO, O)eramOD, (o(ularly confounded ith the im(erfect subjunctive& !ts use is no somehat archaic, and is restricted to relative clauses& 7ee +amsey?s O7(anish GrammarO, 9& 9olt :o&, 30., //&5

Pero todo fu in_til& :uando el ms gil de los lebreles llegN las



carrascas jadeante y cubiertas las fauces de es(uma, ya el ciervo,r(ido como una saeta, las habWa salvado de un solo brinco,(erdindose entre los matorrales de una trocha, que conducWa lafuente&

))\AltoQ&&& \Alto todo el mundoQ gritN !Uigo entoncesS estaba de iosque habWa de marcharse&

' la cabalgata se detuvo, y enmudecieron las trom(as, y los lebrelesdejaron refunfuUando la (ista la voI de los caIadores&

En aquel momento se reunWa la comitiva el hroe de la fiesta,8ernando de Argensola,135 el (rimognito de Almenar&

18ootnote 3* Argensola& A name familiar to students of 7(anish literature from the ritings of the illustrious brothers Bartolom and Lu(ercio Leonardo de Argensola @siteenth centuryD& !t is also the name of a small ton of some C0 inhabitants in the (rovince of Barcelona&5

))>u hacesR eclamN dirigindose su montero, y en tanto, ya se(intaba el asombro en sus facciones, ya ardWa la cNlera en sus ojos&>u haces, imbcilR \#es que la (ieIa est herida, que es la (rimeraque cae (or mi mano, y abandonas el rastro y la dejas (erder (ara quevaya morir en el fondo del bosqueQ :rees acaso que he venido matar ciervos (ara festines de lobosR

))7eUor, murmurN, !Uigo entre dientes, es im(osible (asar de este(unto&

))\!m(osibleQ y (or quR

))Porque esa trocha, (rosiguiN el montero, conduce la fuente de losAlamosS la fuente de los lamos, en cuyas aguas habita un es(Writu delmal& El que osa enturbiar su corriente, (aga caro su atrevimiento& 'ala res habr salvado sus mrgenesS como la salvaris vos sin atraersobre vuestra cabeIa alguna calamidad horribleR Los caIadores somosreyes del =oncayo, (ero reyes que (agan un tributo& PieIa que serefugia en esa fuente misteriosa, (ieIa (erdida&

))\PieIa (erdidaQ Primero (erder yo el seUorWo de mis (adres, y(rimero (erder el nima en manos de 7atans, que (ermitir que se meesca(e ese ciervo, el _nico que ha herido mi venablo, la (rimicia demis ecursiones de caIador&&&& Lo vesR&&& lo vesR&&& A_n sedistingue intervalos desde aquW &&& las (iernas le faltan, sucarrera se acortaS djame&&& djame&&& suelta esa brida, o te revuelcoen el (olvo&&&& >uin sabe si no le dar lugar (ara que llegue la

fuenteR y si llegase, al diablo ella, su lim(ideI y sus habitadores&\7usQ \O+elm(agoOQ sus, caballo mWoQ si lo alcanIas, mando engarIarlos diamantes de mi joyel en tu serreta de oro&

:aballo y jinete (artieron como un huracn&

!Uigo los siguiN con la vista hasta que se (erdieron en la maleIaSdes(us volviN los ojos en derredor suyoS todos, como el, (ermanecWaninmNviles y consternados&



El montero eclamN al fin*

))7eUores, vosotros lo habis vistoS me he e(uesto morir entre los(ies de su caballo (or detenerle& 'o he cum(lido con mi deber& :on eldiablo no sirven valentWas& 9asta aquW llega el montero con suballestaS de aquW adelante, que (ruebe (asar el ca(elln con suhiso(o&135

18ootnote 3* hiso(o ?as(ergillum&? A brash or metallic instrument for the s(rinkling of holy ater& As to the efficacy of holy ater against evil s(irits 7t& Teresa of Avila @33)34.D s(eaks as follos*

! have learned from frequent e(erience that there is nothing better @than holy aterD to drive them aay and to (revent them from returning* they flee at the sight of the :ross, but return& The virtue of holy ater must be great indeed&

7ee OEscritos de 7anta TeresaO, MLibro de su vida,M ca(Wtulo Y3, in the OBiblioteca de Autores Es(aUolesO, =adrid, +ivadeneyra, 34C3, (&

/&

L?Abb -ean -ose(h Gaume has ritten a ork, entitled Ol?Eau lnite au J!Je sicleO @Paris, 34CCD, in hich he also advocates the use of holy ater to)day for similar (ur(oses&5

!!

))Tenis la color quebradaS andis mustio, y sombrWoS qu os sucedeResde el dWa, que yo siem(re tendr (or funesto, en que llegsteis la fuente de los lamos en (os de la res herida, dirWase que una malabruja os ha encanijado con sus hechiIos&

'a no vais los montes (recedido de la ruidosa jaurWa, ni el clamorde vuestras trom(as des(ierta sus ecos& 7Nlo con esas cavilaciones queos (ersiguen, todas las maUanas tomis la ballesta (ara endereIaros la es(esura y (ermanecer en ella hasta que el sol se esconde& ' cuandola noche obscurece y voivis (lido y fatigado al castillo, en baldebusco en la bandolera los des(ojos de la caIa& >u os ocu(a tanlargas horas lejos de los que ms os quierenR

=ientras !Uigo hablaba, 8ernando, absorto en sus ideas, sacabamaquinalmente astillas de su escaUo de bano con el cuchillo de monte&

es(us de un largo silencio, que solo interrum(ia el chirrido de lahoja al resbalarse sobre la (ulimentada madera, el joven eclamN

dirigindose su servidor, como si no hubiera escuchado una sola desus (alabras*

))!Uigo, t_ que eres viejo, t_ que conoces todas las guaridas del=oncayo, que has vivido en sus faldas (ersiguiendo las fieras, y entus errantes ecursiones de caIador subiste ms de una veI sucumbre, dime, has encontrado (or acaso una mujer que vive entre susrocasR

))\;na mujerQ eclamN el montero con asombro y mirndole de hito en



hito&

))7W, dijo el jovenS es una cosa etraUa lo que me sucede, muyetraUa&&&& :reW (oder guardar ese secreto eternamente, (ero no es ya(osibleS rebosa en mi coraINn y asoma mi semblante& #oy, (ues, revelrtelo&&&& T_ me ayudars desvanecer el misterio que envuelve esa criatura, que al (arecer solo (ara mW eiste, (ues nadie la

conoce, ni la ha visto, ni (uede darme raINn de ella&

El montero, sin des(egar los labios, arrastrN su banquillo hastacolocarlo junto al escaUo de su seUor, del que no a(artaba un (untolos es(antados ojos& ste, des(us de coordinar sus ideas, (rosiguiNasW*

))esde el dWa en que (esar de tus funestas (redicciones llegu lafuente de los lamos, y atravesando sus aguas recobr el ciervo quevuestra su(ersticiNn hubiera dejado huir, se llenN mi alma del deseode la soledad&

T_ no conoces aquel sitio& =ira, la fuente brota escondida en el seno

de una (eUa, y cae resbalndose gota gota (or entre las verdes yflotantes hojas de las (lantas que crecen al borde de su cuna&Aquellas gotas que al des(renderse brillan como (untos de oro y suenancomo las notas de un instrumento, se reunen entre los cs(edes, ysusurrando, susurrando con un ruido semejante al de las abejas queIumban en torno de las flores, se alejan (or entre las arenas, yforman un cauce, y luchan con los obstculos que se o(onen sucamino, y se re(liegan sobre sW mismas, y saltan, y huyen, y corren,unas veces con risa, otras con sus(ires, hasta caer en un lago& En ellago caen con un rumor indescri(tible& Lamentos, (alabras, nombres,cantares, yo no s lo que he oWdo en aquel rumor cuando me he sentadosolo y febril sobre el (eUasco, cuyos (ies saltan las aguas de lafuente misteriosa (ara estancarse en una balsa (rofunda, cuya inmNvilsu(erficie a(enas riIa el viento de la tarde&

Todo es allW grande& La soledad con sus mil rumores desconocidos, viveen aquellos lugares y embriaga el es(Writu en su inefable melancolWa&En las (lateadas hojas de los lamos, en los huecos de las (eUas, enlas ondas del agua, (arece que nos hablan los invisibles es(Writus dela naturaleIa, que reconocen un hermano en el inmortal es(Writu delhombre&

:uando al des(untar la maUana me veWas tomar la ballesta y dirigirmeal monte, no fu nunca (ara (erderme entre sus matorrales en (os de lacaIa, noS iba sentarme al borde de la fuente, buscar en sus ondas&&& no s qu, \una locuraQ El dWa en que salt sobre ella con miO+elm(agoO135 creW haber visto brillar en su fondo una cosa etraUa

&&& muy etraUa &&& los ojos de una mujer&

18ootnote 3* +elm(ago& The name of his horse, mentioned (& 3X&5

Tal veI serWa un rayo de sol que ser(eN fugitive entre su es(umaS talveI una de esas flores que flotan entre las algas de su seno, y cuyosclices (arecen esmeraldas &&& no s* yo creW ver una mirada que seclavN en la mWaS una mirada que encendiN en mi (echo un deseo absurdo,irrealiIable* el de encontrar una (ersona con unos ojos como aquellos&



En su busca fuW un dWa y otro aquel sitio*

Por _ltimo, una tarde &&& yo me creW juguete de un sueUo &&& (ero no,es verdad, la135 he hablado ya muchas veces, como te hablo tW ahora&&& una tarde encontr sentada en mi (uesto, y vestida con unas ro(asque llegaban hasta las aguas y flotaban sobre su haI, una mujerhermosa sobre toda (onderaciNn& 7us cabellos eran como el oroS sus

(estaUas brillaban como hilos de luI, y entre las (estaUas volteabaninquietas unas (u(ilas que yo habWa visto&&& sWS (orque los ojos deaquella mujer eran los ojos que yo tenWa clavados en la menteS unosojos de un color im(osibleS unos ojos &&&

18ootnote 3* la& The 7(anish Academy condemns the use of OlaO instead of OleO as a feminine dative& 7(anish riters, hoever, frequently so em(loy it&5

))\#erdesQ eclamN !Uigo con un acento de (rofundo terror, incor(orndose de un salto en su asiento&

8ernando le mirN su veI como asombrado de que concluyese lo que iba

decir, y le (regunto con una meIcla de ansiedad y de alegrWa*

))La conocesR

))\%h, noQ dijo el montero& \LWbreme ios de conocerlaQ Pero mis(adres, al (rohibirme llegar hasta esos lugares, me dijeron mil vecesque el es(Writu, trasgo, demonio N mujer que habita en sus aguas,tiene los ojos de ese color& 'o os conjuro, (or lo que ms amis en latierra, no volver la fuente de los lamos& ;n dWa _ otro)osalcanIar su venganIa, y e(iaris, muriendo, el delito de haberencenagado sus ondas&

))\Por los que ms amoQ&&& murmurN el joven con una triste sonrisa&

))\7WQ, (rosiguiN el ancianoS (or vuestros (adres, (or vuestrosdeudos, (or las lgrimas de la que el cielo destina (ara vuestraes(osa, (or las de un servidor que os ha visto nacer &&&

))7abes t_ lo que ms amo en este mundoR 7abes t_ (or qu darWa yo elamor de mi (adre, los besos de la que me diN la vida, y todo el cariUoque (ueden atesorar todas las mujeres de la tierraR Por una mirada,(or una sola mirada de esos ojos &&& \:Nmo (odr yo dejar debuscarlosQ

ijo 8ernando estas (alabras con tal acento, que la lgrima quetemblaba en los (r(ados de !Uigo se resbalN silenciosa (or sumejilla, mientras eclamN con acento sombrWo* \:_m(lase la voluntad

del cieloQ

!!!

))>uin eres t_R :ul es tu (atriaR En dNnde habitasR 'o vengo undWa y otro en tu busca, y ni veo el corcel que te trae estoslugares, ni los servidores que conducen tu litera& +om(e de una veIel misterioso velo en que te envuelves como en una noche (rofunda, yote amo, y, noble N villana, ser tuyo, tuyo siem(re&&&&



El sol habWa tras(uesto la cumbre del monteS las sombras bajaban grandes (asos, (or su faldaS la brisa gemWa entre los lamos de lafuente, y la niebla, elevndose (oco (oco de la su(erficie del lago,comenIaba envolver las rocas de su margen&

7obre una de estas rocas, sobre una que (arecWa (rNima des(lomarse

en el fondo de las aguas, en cuya su(erficie se retrataba temblando el(rimognito de Almenar, de rodillas los (ies de su misteriosaamante, (rocuraba en vano arrancarle el secreto de su eistencia&

Ella era hermosa, hermosa y (lida, como una estatua de alabastro& ;node sus riIos caWa sobre sus hombros, desliIndose entre los (lieguesdel velo como un rayo de sol que atraviesa las nubes, y en el cerco desus (estaUas rubias brillaban sus (u(ilas como dos esmeraldas sujetasen una joya de oro&

:uando el joven acabN de hablarle, sus labios se removieron como (ara(ronunciar algunas (alabras, (ero sNlo ehalaron un sus(iro, unsus(iro dbil, doliente, como el de la ligera onda que em(uja una

brisa al morir entre los juncos&

))\"o me res(ondesQ eclamN 8ernando al ver burlada su es(eranIaSquerrs que d crdito lo que de tW me han dichoR \%hQ "o&&&&9blame* yo quiero saber si me amasS yo quiero saber si (uedo amarte,si eres una mujer&&&

))V un demonio&&&& ' si lo fueseR

El joven vacilo un instanteS un sudor friN corriN (or sus miembrosSsus (u(ilas se dilataron al fijarse con ms intensidad en las deaquella mujer, y fascinado (or su brillo fosfNrico, demente casW,eclamN en un arrebato de amor*

))7i lo fueses &&& fe amarWa &&& te amarWa como te amo ahora, como esmi destino amarte, hasta ms all de esta vida, si hay algo ms allde ella&

))8ernando, dijo la hermosa entonces con una voI semejante unam_sica* yo te amo ms a_n que tu me amasS yo, que desciendo hasta unmortal, siendo un es(Writu (uro& "o soy una mujer como las que eistenen la tierraS soy una mujer digna de tW, que eres su(erior los demshombres& 'o vivo en el fondo de estas aguasS incor(Nrea como ellas,fugaI y tras(arente, hablo con sus rumores y ondulo con sus (liegues&'o no castigo al que osa turbar la fuente donde moroS antes le (remiocon mi amor &&& como un mortal su(erior las su(ersticiones delvulgo, como un amante ca(aI de com(render mi cariUo etraUo y

misterioso&

=ientras ella hablaba asW, el joven, absorto en la contem(laciNn de sufantstica hermosura, atraWdo como (or una fuerIa desconocida, sea(roimaba ms y ms al borde de la roca& La mujer de los ojos verdes(rosiguiN asW*

))#es, ves el lim(ido fondo de ese lago, ves esas (lantas de largas yverdes hojas que se agitan en su fondoR&&& Ellas nos darn un lecho deesmeraldas y corales &&& y yo &&& yo te dar una felicidad sin nombre,



esa felicidad que has soUado en tus horas de delirio, y que no (uedeofrecerte nadie&&&& #en, la niebla del lago flota sobre nuestrasfrentes como un (abellNn de lino &&& las ondas nos llaman con susvoces incom(rensibles, el viento em(ieIa entre los lamos sus himnosde amorS ven &&& ven &&&

La noche comenIaba etender sus sombras, la luna rielaba en la

su(erficie del lago, la niebla se arremolinaba al so(lo del aire, ylos ojos verdes brillaban en la obscuridad como los fuegos fatuos quecorren sobre el haI de las aguas infectas&&&& #en &&& ven &&& estas(alabras Iumbaban en los oWdos de 8ernando como un conjuro& #en &&& yla mujer misteriosa le llamaba al borde del abismo, donde estabasus(endida, y (arecWa ofrecerle un beso &&& un beso &&&

8ernando diN un (aso hacia ella &&& otro &&& y sintiN unos braIosdelgados y fleibles que se liaban su cuello, y una sensaciNn frWaen sus labios ardorosos, un beso de nieve &&& y vacilN &&& y (erdiN(ie, y cayN al agua con un rumor sordo y l_gubre&

Las aguas saltaron en chis(as de luI, y se cerraron sobre su cuer(o, y

sus cWrculos de (lata fueron ensanchndose, ensanchndose hastae(irar135 en las orillas&1.5

18ootnote 3* e(irar& Becquer uses incorrectly the form Oes(irarO&5

18ootnote .* M!t as a maim both in ancient !ndia and ancient Greece not to look at one?s reflection in ater&&&& They feared that the ater)s(irits ould drag the (erson?s reflection or soul under ater, leaving him soulless to die& This as (robably the origin of the classical story of "arcissus&&&& The same ancient belief lingers, in a faded form, in the English su(erstition that hoever sees a ater)fairy must (ine and die&

?Alas, the moon should ever beam To sho hat man should never seeQ)) ! sa a maiden on a stream, And fair as sheQ

! staid to atch, a little s(ace, 9er (arted li(s if she ould singS The aters closed above her face $ith many a ring&

! kno my life ill fade aay, ! kno that ! must vainly (ine, 8or ! am made of mortal clay& But she?s divineQ?M

8raser, OThe Golden BoughO, London, =acmillan :o&, 300, vol& i, ((& .Y)./& The object of 8ernando?s love as evidently an undine @see (& /Y, note 3, and (& /X, note 3D&5

LA :%+KA BLA":A



!

En un (equeUo lugar135 de AragNn,135 y all (or los aUos de miltrescientos y (ico, vivWa retirado en su torre seUorial un famosocaballero llamado don ionWs, el cual, des(us de haber servido surey1Y5 en la guerra contra infieles, descansaba la saINn, entregadoal alegre ejercicio de la caIa, de las rudas fatigas de los combates&

18ootnote 3* un (equeUo lugar& #eratNn, a feudal ton in the neighborhood of the =oncayo @see (& 4, note 3D& Po(ulation @300D, /4/&5

18ootnote .* AragNn& MAn ancient kingdom, no a ca(taincy)general of 7(ain, ca(ital 7aragossa, bounded by 8rance on the north, by :atalonia on the east, by #alencia on the south, and by "e :astile, %ld :astile, and "avarre on the est, com(rising the (rovinces of 9uesca, 7aragossa, and Teruel& !t is traversed by mountains and intersected by the Ebro& uring the middle ages it as one of the to chief :hristian (oers in the (eninsula& !n 30Y it became a kingdomS as united to :atalonia in 33YXS rose to great influence

through its acquisitions in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries of #alencia, the Balearic !slands, 7ardinia, and the 7iciliesS and as united ith :astile in 3/X through the marriage of 8erdinand of Aragon ith !sabella of :astile&M O:entury ict&O5

18ootnote Y* The kings ho reigned in Aragon during the fourteenth century ere as follos* -aime !! Oel -ustoO @3.3)3Y.XD, Alfonso !# Oel BenignoO @3Y.X)3YYCD, Pedro !# Oel :eremoniosoO @3YYC)3Y4XD, -uan ! Oel :aIadorO @3Y4X)3YD, and =artWn @3Y)3/30D&5

AconteciN una veI este caballero, hallndose en su favoritadiversiNn acom(aUado de su hija, cuya belleIa singular yetraordinaria blancura le habWan granjeado el sobrenombre de laAIucena, que como se les entrase ms andar el dWa engolfados en(erseguir una res en el monte de su feudo, tuvo que acogerse,durante las horas de la siesta, una caUada (or donde corrWa unriachuelo, saltando de roca en roca con un ruido manso y agradable&

9arWa135 cosa de unas dos horas que don ionWs se encontraba en aqueldelicioso lugar, recostado sobre la menuda grama la sombra de unacho(era, de(artiendo amigablemente con sus monteros sobre las(eri(ecias del dWa, y refirindose unos otros las aventuras ms Nmenos curiosas que en su vida de caIador les habWan acontecido, cuando(or lo alto de la ms em(inada ladera y travs de los alternadosmurmullos del viento que agitaba las hojas de los rboles, comenIN (ercibirse, cada veI ms cerca, el sonido de una esquililla semejante la del guiNn de un rebano&

18ootnote 3* 9arWa ?it must have been&? 7ee (& , note ., and (& /., note 3&5

En efecto, era asW, (ues (oco de haberse oWdo la esquililla,em(eIaron saltar (or entre las a(iUadas matas de cantueso y tomillo,y descender la orilla o(uesta del riachuelo, hasta unos ciencorderos, blancos como la nieve, detrs de los cuales, con su ca(eruIacalada (ara libertarse la cabeIa de los (er(endiculares rayos del sol,y su atillo al hombro en la (unta de un (alo, a(areciN el Iagal que



los conducWa&

)) (ro(Nsito de aventuras etraordinarias, eclamN al verle uno delos monteros de don ionWs, dirigindose su seUor* ahW tenis Esteban el Iagal, que de alg_n tiem(o esta (arte anda ms tonto quelo que naturalmente lo hiIo ios, que no es (oco, y el cual (uedehaceros (asar un rato divertido refiriendo la causa de sus continuos

sustos&

))Pues qu le acontece ese (obre diabloR eclamN don ionWs conaire de curiosidad (icada&

))\8rioleraQ aUadiN el montero en tono de Iumba* es el caso, que sinhaber nacido en #iernes 7anto135 ni estar seUalado con la cruI,1.5 nihallarse en relaciones con el demonic, lo que se (uede colegir desus hbitos de cristiano viejo, se encuentra sin saber cNmo ni (ordNnde, dotado de la facultad ms maravillosa que ha (oseWdo hombrealguno, no ser 7alomNn,1Y5 de quien se dice que sabWa hasta ellenguaje de los (jaros&

18ootnote 3* #iernes 7anto ?Good 8riday,? the 8riday of 9oly $eek, anniversary of the death of -esus :hrist& 8riday has long been considered an unlucky day, and Good 8riday, in s(ite of its name, has been regarded by (o(ular su(erstition as a fatal day& %ne born on that day might have (articular a(titude for itchcraft&5

18ootnote .* seUalado con la cruI ?marked ith the cross&? The reference here is doubtless to a birth)mark in the form of a cross, hich ould indicate a s(ecial a(titude for thaumaturgy or occultism& This might take the form of :hristian mysticism, as in the case of 7t& Leo, ho is said to have been Mmarked all over ith red crossesM at birth @see Breer, Oictionary of =iraclesO, Phila&, 344/, (& /.D, or the less orthodo form of magic, as is suggested here&5

18ootnote Y* 7alomNn ?7olomon&? MA famous king of !srael, Y)Y B&:& @unckerD, son of avid and Bathsheba&&&& The name of 7olomon, ho as su((osed to have (ossessed etraordinary magical (oers, (lays an im(ortant (art in Eastern and thence in Euro(ean legends,M O:entury ict&O M9is isdom enabled him @as legend informs usD to inter(ret the s(eech of beasts and birds, a gift shared afterards, it as said, by his descendant 9illel @<oran, sura YX, Eald, OGesch& !sr&O, iii, /0XD&M =?:lintock and 7trong, O:yclo(edia of Biblical, Theological, and Ecclesiastical LiteratureO, "&'&, 3440, vol& i, (& 4X3&5

))' qu se refiere esa facultad maravillosaR

))7e refiere, (rosiguiN el montero, que, seg_n l afirma, y lo juray (erjura (or todo lo ms sagrado del mundo, los ciervos que discurren(or estos montes, se han dado de ojo (ara no dejarle en (aI, siendo loms gracioso del caso, que en ms de una ocasiNn les ha sor(rendidoconcertando entre sW las burlas que han de hacerle, y des(us queestas burlas se han llevado trmino, ha oWdo las ruidosas carcajadascon que las celebran&

=ientras esto decWa el montero, :onstanIa, que asW se llamaba la



hermosa hija de don ionWs, se habWa a(roimado al gru(o de loscaIadores, y como demostrase su curiosidad (or conocer laetraordinaria historia de Esteban, uno de stos se adelantN hasta elsitio en donde el Iagal daba de beber su ganado, y le condujo (resencia de su seUor, que (ara disi(ar la turbaciNn y el visibleencogimiento del (obre moIo, se a(resuro saludarle (or su nombre,acom(aUando el saludo con una bondadosa sonrisa&

Era Esteban un muchacho de diecinueve veinte aUos, fornido, con lacabeIa (equeUa y hundida entre los hombros, los ojos (equeUos yaIules, la mirada incierta y tor(e como la de los albinos, la nariIroma, los labios gruesos y entreabiertos, la frente calIada, la teIblanca (ero ennegrecida (or el sol, y el cabello que le caWa en (artesobre los ojos y (arte alrededor de la cara, en guedejas s(eras yrojas semejantes las crines de un rocWn colorado&

Esto, sobre (oco mas N menos, era Esteban en cuanto al fWsicoSres(ecto su moral, (odWa asegurarse sin temor de ser desmentido ni(or l ni (or ninguna de las (ersonas que le conocWan, que era(erfectamente sim(le, aunque un tanto sus(icaI y malicioso como buen

r_stico&

;na veI el Iagal re(uesto de su turbaciNn, le dirigiN de nuevo la(alabra don ionWs, y con el tono ms serio del mundo, y fingiendo unetraordinario inters (or conocer los detalles del suceso que sumontero se habWa referido, le hiIo una multitud de (reguntas, lasque Esteban comenIN contestar de una manera evasiva, como deseandoevitar e(licaciones sobre el asunto&

Estrechado, sin embargo, (or las interrogaciones de su seUor y (or losruegos de :onstanIa, que (arecWa la ms curiosa interesada en que el(astor refiriese sus estu(endas aventuras, decidiNse ste hablar,mas no sin que antes dirigiese su alrededor una mirada dedesconfianIa, como temiendo ser oWdo (or otras (ersonas que las queallW estaban (resentes, y de rascarse tres N cuatro veces la cabeIatratando de reunir sus recuerdos N hilvanar su discurso, que al fincomenIo dN esta manera*

))Es el caso, seUor, que seg_n me dijo un (reste de TaraIona,135 alque acudW no ha mucho, (ara consultar mis dudas, con el diablo nosirven juegos, sino (unto en boca, buenas y muchas oraciones 7anBartolom,1.5 que es quien le conoce las cosquillas, y dejarle andarSque ios, que es justo y est all arriba, (roveer todo& 8irme enesta idea, habWa decidido no volver decir (alabra sobre el asunto nadie, ni (or nadaS (ero lo har hoy (or satisfacer vuestracuriosidad, y fe fe que des(us de todo, si el diablo me lo tomaen cuenta, y torna molestarme en castigo de mi indiscreciNn, buenos

Evangelios llevo cosidos la (ellica, y con su ayuda creo que, comootras veces no me ser in_til el garrote&

18ootnote 3* TaraIona& A venerable ton of some 4400 inhabitants situated on the river >ueiles, northeast of the =oncayo @see (& 4, note 3D and northest of the ton of Borja&5

18ootnote .* 7an Bartolom))?7t& Bartholome,? one of the telve a(ostles, deemed by some to be identical ith "athanael& MLittle is knon of his ork& According to tradition he (reached in various



(arts of Asia, and as flayed alive and then crucified, head donard, at Albano(olis in Armenia& 9is memory is celebrated in the +oman :atholic church on August ./&M O:entury ict&O !n (o(ular su(erstition 7t& Bartholome is su((osed to have had (articular (oer over the devil, and (rayers to this saint are thought to be s(ecially efficacious against the iles of the evil one& 8or a detailed account of 7t& Bartholome?s (oer over the devil, see

-acobi a #oragine, OLegenda AureaO @Th& GraesseD, Li(siae, =:::L, ca(& ciii, ((& /0)//&5

))Pero, vamos, eclamN don ionWs, im(aciente al escuchar lasdigresiones del Iagal, que amenaIaban no concluir nuncaS djate derodeos y ve derecho al asunto&

)) l voy, contestN con calma Esteban, que des(us de dar una granvoI acom(aUada de un silbido (ara que se agru(aran los corderos, queno (erdWa de vista y comenIaban135 des(arramarse (or el monte, torno rascarse la cabeIa y (rosiguiN asW*

18ootnote 3* que no (erdWa de vista y comenIaban& :om(are the use of

the relative in this (hrase ith that to hich attention has been called on (& 30, note 3&5

))Por una (arte vuestras continuas ecursiones, y (or otra el dale quele das de los caIadores furtivos, que ya con tram(a N con ballesta nodejan res vida en veinte jornadas al contorno, habWan no hace muchoagotado la caIa en estos montes, hasta el etremo de no encontrarse unvenado en ellos ni (or un ojo de la cara&

9ablaba yo de esto mismo en el lugar, sentado en el (orche de laiglesia, donde des(us de acabada la misa del domingo solWa reunirmecon algunos (eones de los que labran la tierra de #eratNn,135 cuandoalgunos de ellos me dijeron*

18ootnote 3* #eratNn& 7ee (& ., note 3&5

))Pues, hombre, no s en qu consista el que t_ no los to(es, (ues denosotros (odemos asegurarte que no bajamos una veI las haIas que nonos encontremos rastro, y hace tres N cuatro dWas, sin ir ms lejos,una manada, que juIgar (or las huellas debWa com(onerse de ms deveinte, le segaron antes de tiem(o una (ieIa de trigo al santero de la#irgen del +omeral&135

18ootnote 3* la #irgen del +omeral& A hermitage in the locality&5

))' hacia qu sitio seguWa el rastroR (regunt los (eones, conanimo de ver si to(aba con la tro(a&

))9acia la caUada de los cantuesos, me contestaron&

"o ech en saco roto la advertencia* aquella noche misma fuW a(ostarme entre los cho(os& urante toda ella estuve oyendo (or ac y(or all, tan (ronto lejos como cerca, el bramido de los ciervos quese llamaban unos otros, y de veI en cuando sentWa moverse el ramaje mis es(aldasS (ero (or ms que me hice todo ojos, la verdad es queno (ude distinguir ninguno&



"o obstante, al rom(er el dWa, cuando llev los corderos al agua, laorilla de este rWo, como obra de dos tiros de honda del sitio en quenos hallamos, y en una umbrWa de cho(os, donde ni la hora de siestase desliIa un rayo de sol, encontr huellas recientes de los ciervos,algunas ramas desgajadas, la corriente un (oco turbia, y lo que es ms(articular, entre el rastro de las reses las breves huellas de unos(ies135 (equeUitos como la mitad de la (alma de mi mano, sin

(onderaciNn alguna&

18ootnote 3* (ies& 9uman feet are of course referred to here&5

Al decir esto, el moIo, instintivamente y al (arecer buscando un (untode com(araciNn, dirigiN la vista hacia el (ie de :onstanIa, queasomaba (or debajo del brial, calIado de un (recioso cha(Wn detafilete amarilloS (ero como al (ar de Esteban bajasen tambin losojos don ionWs y algunos de los monteros que le rodeaban, la hermosaniUa se a(resurN esconderlos, eclamando con el tono ms natural delmundo*

))\%h, noQ (or desgracia no los tengo yo tan (equeUitos, (ues de ese

tamaUo sNlo se encuentran en las hadasS cuya historia nos refieren lostrovadores&135

18ootnote 3* trovadores ?troubadours&? MA class of early (oets ho first a((eared in Provence, 8rance& The troubadours ere considered the inventors of a s(ecies of lyrical (oetry, characteriIed by an almost entire devotion to the subject of chivalric love, and generally very com(licated in regard to meter and rhyme& They fourished from the eleventh to the latter (art of the thirteenth century, (rinci(ally in the south of 8rance, :atalonia, Aragon, and northern !taly&M O:entury ict&O Belief in the marvelous, and hence in fairies, likeise characteriIed these (oets&5

))Pues no (arN aquW la cosa, continuN el Iagal, cuando :onstanIa huboconcluidoS sino que otra veI, habindome colocado en otro escondite(or donde indudablemente habWan de (asar los ciervos (ara dirigirse la caUada, all al filo de la media noche me rindiN un (oco el sueUo,aunque no tanto que no abriese los ojos en el mismo (unto en que creW(ercibir que las ramas se movWan mi alrededor& AbrW los ojos seg_ndejo dicho* me incor(or con sumo cuidado, y (oniendo atenciNn aquel confuso murmullo que cada veI sonaba ms (rNimo, oW en lasrfagas del aire, como gritos y cantares etraUos, carcajadas y tres Ncuatro voces distintas que hablaban entre sW con un ruido y unaalgarabWa semejante al de las muchachas del lugar, cuando riendo ybromeando (or el camino, vuelven en bandadas de la fuente con suscntaros la cabeIa&

7eg_n colegWa de la (roimidad de las voces y del cercano chasquido delas ramas que crujWan al rom(erse (ara dar (aso aquella turba delocuelas, iban salir de la es(esura un (equeUo rellano que formabael monte en el sitio donde yo estaba oculto, cuando enteramente mises(aldas, tan cerca N ms que me encuentro de vosotros, oW una nuevavoI fresca, delgada y vibrante, que dijo &&& creedlo, seUores, esto estan seguro como que me he de morir &&& dijo &&& claro y distintamenteestas (ro(ias (alabras*

O\Por aquW, (or aquW, com(aUeras,



que est ahW el bruto de EstebanQO

Al llegar este (unto de la relaciNn del Iagal, los circunstantes no(udieron ya contener (or ms tiem(o la risa, que hacWa largo rato lesretoIaba en los ojos, y dando rienda su buen humor, (rorrum(ieron enuna carcajada estre(itosa& e los (rimeros en comenIar reir y de los_ltimos en dejarlo, fueron don ionWs, que (esar de su fingida

circuns(ecciNn no (udo (or menos de tomar (arte en el generalregocijo, y su hija :onstanIa, la cual cada veI que miraba Estebantodo sus(enso y confuso, tornaba reirse como una loca hasta el (untode saltarle las lgrimas los ojos&

El Iagal, (or su (arte, aunque sin atender al efecto que su narraciNnhabWa (roducido, (arecWa todo turbado inquietoS y mientras losseUores reWan sabor de sus inocentadas, l tornaba la vista unlado y otro con visibles muestras de temor y como queriendodescubrir algo travs de los cruIados troncos de los rboles&

))>u es eso, Esteban, qu te sucedeR le (reguntN uno de los monterosnotando la creciente Wnquietud del (obre moIo, que ya fijaba sus

es(antadas (u(ilas en la hija risueUa de don ionWs, ya las volvWa su alrededor con una e(resiNn asombrada y est_(ida&

))=e sucede una cosa muy etraUa, eclamN Esteban& :uando des(us deescuchar las (alabras que dejo referidas, me incor(or con (rontitud(ara sor(render la (ersona que las habWa (ronunciado, una corIablanca como la nieve saliN de entre las mismas matas en donde yoestaba oculto, y dando unos saltos enormes (or cima de los carrascalesy los lentiscos, se alejN seguida de una tro(a de corIas de su colornatural, y asW estas como la blanca que las iba guiando, no arrojabanbramidos al huir, sino que se reWan con unas carcajadas, cuyo ecojurarWa que a_n me est soUando en los oWdos en este momento&

))\BahQ&&& \bahQ&&& Esteban, eclamN don ionWs con aire burlNn, siguelos consejos del (reste de TaraIonaS no hables de tus encuentros conlos corIos amigos de burlas, no sea que haga el diablo que al fin(ierdas el (oco juicio que tienesS y (ues ya ests (rovisto de losEvangelios y sabes las oraciones de 7an Bartolom, vulvete tuscorderos, que comienIan desbandarse (or la caUada& 7i los es(Writusmalignos tornan incomodarte, ya sabes el remedio* OPater"osterO135 y garrotaIo&

18ootnote 3* Pater "oster& The first ords of the Lord?s Prayer in Latin&5

El Iagal, des(us de guardarse en el IurrNn un medio (an blanco y untroIo de came de jabalW, y en el estomago un valiente trago de vino

que le diN (or orden de su seUor uno de los (alafreneros, des(idiNsede don ionWs y su hija, y a(enas anduvo cuatro (asos, comenIN voltear la honda (ara reunir (edradas los corderos&

:omo esta saINn notase don ionWs que entre unas y otras las horasdel calor eran ya (asadas y el vientecillo de la tarde comenIaba mover las hojas de los cho(os y refrescar los cam(os, diN orden sucomitiva (ara que adereIasen las caballerWas que andaban (aciendosueltas (or el inmediato sotoS y cuando todo estuvo (unto, hiIo seUa los unos (ara que soltasen las traWllas, y los otros (ara que



tocasen las trom(as, y saliendo en tro(el de la cho(era, (rosiguiNadelante la interrum(ida caIa&

!!

Entre los monteros de don ionWs habla uno llamado Garcs, hijo de un

antiguo servidor de la familia, y (or tanto el ms querido de susseUores&

Garcs tenWa (oco ms N menos la edad de :onstanIa, y desde muy niUohabWase acostumbrado (revenir el menor de sus deseos, y adivinar ysatisfacer el ms leve de sus antojos&

Por su mano se entretenWa en afilar en los ratos de ocio las agudassaetas de su ballesta de marfilS l domaba los (otros que habWa demontar su seUoraS l ejercitaba en los ardides de la caIa suslebreles favorites y amaestraba sus halcones, los cuales com(rabaen las ferias de :astilla135 ca(eruIas rojas bordadas de oro&

18ootnote 3* :astilla ?:astile&? An old kingdom of 7(ain, in the northern and central (art of the (eninsula& The kingdoms of :astile and Leon, after several unions and se(arations, ere finally united under 8erdinand !!! in 3.Y0& !sabella of :astile married 8erdinand of Aragon in 3/C, and in 3/X the to kingdoms of :astile and Aragon ere united&5

Para con los otros monteros, los (ajes y la gente menuda del serviciode don ionWs, la equisita solicitud de Garcs y el a(recio con quesus seUores le distinguWan, habWanle valido una es(ecie de generalanimadversiNn, y al decir de los envidiosos, en todos aquelloscuidados con que se adelantaba (revenir los ca(richos de su seUorarevelbase su carcter adulador y rastrero& "o faltaban, sin embargo,algunos que, ms avisados N maliciosos, creyeron sor(render en laasiduidad del solWcito mancebo algunos 7eUales de mal disimulado amor&

7i en efecto era asW, el oculto cariUo de Garcs tenia ms que sobradadiscul(a en la incom(arable hermosura de :onstanIa& 9ubirasenecesitado un (echo de roca y un coraINn de hielo (ara (ermanecerim(asible un dWa y otro al lado de aquella mujer singular (or subelleIa y sus raros atractivos&

La AIucena Odel =oncayoO135 llambanla en veinte leguas la redonda,y bien merecWa este sobrenombre, (orque era tan airosa, tan blanca ytan rubia que, como las aIucenas, (arecWa que ios la habWa hecho denieve y oro&

18ootnote 3* =oncayo& 7ee (& 4, note 35

' sin embargo, entre los seUores comarcanos murmurbase que la hermosacastellana de #eratNn135 no era tan lim(ia de sangre como bella, y que (esar de sus trenIas rubias y su teI de alabastro, habWa tenWdo (ormadre una gitana& Lo de cierto que (udiera haber en estasmurmuraciones, nadie (udo nunca decirlo, (orque la verdad era que donionWs tuvo una vida bastante aIarosa en su juventud, y des(us decombatir largo tiem(o bajo la conducta del monarca aragons,1.5 delcual recabN entre otras mercedes el feudo del =oncayo,1Y5 marchNse



Palestina,1/5 en donde anduvo errante algunos aUos, (ara volver (or_ltimo encerrarse en su castillo de #eratNn,15 con una hija(equeUa, nacida sin duda en aquellos (aWses remotos& El _nico quehubiera (odido decir algo acerca del misterioso origen de :onstanIa,(ues acom(aUN a don ionWs en sus lejanas (eregrinaciones, era el(adre de Garcs, y ste habWa ya muerto hacWa bastante tiem(o, sindecir una sola (alabra sobre el asunto ni su (ro(io hijo, que varias

veces y con muestras de grande inters, se lo habia (reguntado&

18ootnote 3* #eratNn& 7ee (& ., note 3&5

18ootnote .* monarca aragons& 7ee (& ., note Y&5

18ootnote Y* =oncayo& 7ee (& 4, note 35

18ootnote /* Palestina ?Palestine&? A territory in the southern (art of 7yria& :hief city -erusalem& M!t (assed under =ohammedan rule about CYC, as held by the :hristians tem(orarily during the :rusades 1seventh and last under 7t& Louis 3.X0)3.X.5, and since 33C has been in the (ossession of the Turkish government&M O:entury

ict&O5

18ootnote * #eratNn& 7ee (& ., note 3&5

El carcter, tan (ronto retraWdo y melancNlico como bullicioso yalegre de :onstanIa, la etraUa ealtaciNn de sus ideas, susetravagantes ca(richos, sus nunca vistas costumbres, hasta la(articularidad de tener los ojos y las cejas negras como la noche,siendo blanca y rubia como el oro, habWan contribuido dar (bulo las hablillas de sus convecinos, y aun el mismo Garcs, que tanintimamente la trataba, habWa llegado (ersuadirse que su seUora eraalgo es(ecial y no se (arecWa las dems mujeres&

Presente la relaciNn de Esteban, como los otros monteros, Garcs fueacaso el _nico que oyN con verdadera curiosidad los (ormenores de suincreible aventura, y si bien no (udo menos de sonreir cuando el Iagalre(itiN las (alabras de la corIa blanca, desde que abandonN el soto enque habWan sesteado comenIN revolver en su mente las ms absurdasimaginaciones&

"o cabe duda que todo eso del hablar las corIas es (ura a(rensiNn deEsteban, que es un com(lete mentecato, decWa entre sW el jovenmontero, mientras que jinete en un (oderoso alaIn, seguWa (aso (asoel (alafrn de :onstanIa, la cual tambin (arecia mostrarse un tantodistraWda y silenciosa, y retirada del tro(el de los caIadores, a(enastomaba (arte en la fiesta& Pero quien dice que en lo que refiere esesim(le no eistir algo de verdadR (rosiguio (ensando el mancebo&

:osas ms etraUas hemos visto en el mundo, y una corIa blanca bien(uede haberla, (uesto que si se ha de dar crdito las cntigas del(aWs, 7an 9uberto,135 (atrNn de los caIadores, tenWa una& \%h, si yo(udiese coger viva una corIa blanca (ara ofrecrsela mi seUoraQ

18ootnote 3* 7an 9uberto ?7t& 9ubert&? The (atron saint of huntersS died about X.X& 9is memory is celebrated by the church "ovember Y& Legend says that he as the son of a nobleman of Aquitaine, and a keen hunterS and that once hen he as engaged in the chase on Good 8riday, in the forest of Ardennes, a stag a((eared



to him having a shining crucifi beteen its antlers& 9e heard a arning voice and as converted, entered, the chnrch, and became bisho( of =aestricht and Lige& 7ee the OEncyclo(edia AmericanoO&

The rle of the deer in mythology, hoever, is not usually so beneficent, and Mthe antelo(e, the gaIelle, and the stag generally, instead of hel(ing the hero, involve him rather in (er(leity and

(eril& This mythical subject is am(lified in numerous 9indoo legends&M 7ee de Gubernatis, OKological =ythologyO, London, 34X., vol& ii, (& 4/ and folloing&

La Biche au BoisO @The 9ind of the $oodsD of =me& d?Aulnoy is a story that offers some striking resemblances to OLa :orIa BlancaO of Becquer& A beautiful (rincess is transformed by a icked fairy into a hite hind, hich form she is alloed to quit at certain hours of the day& %ne day, hile still in the form of the hind, she is (ursued by her lover and ounded by an arro& 9oever, a release from the enchantment and a ha((y marriage end the sufferings of the heroine& !n this 7(anish tale the transformation is voluntary, hich fact gives to :onstanIa the traits of a itch&

!n $ordsorth?s beautiful (oem OThe $hite oe of +ylstoneO e find the doe divested of all the elements of itchcraft, and in its solicitude for the gentle and bereft Lady Emily it is likened symbolically

To the grief of her soul that doth come and go !n the beautiful form of this innocent oe* $hich, though seemingly doomed in its breast to sustain A softened remembrance of sorro and (ain, !s s(otless, and holy, and gentle, and brightS And glides o?er the earth like an angel of light&

5

Asi (ensando y discurriendo (asN Garcs la tarde, y cuando ya el solcomenIN esconderse (or detras de las vecinas lomas y don ionWsmando volver gru(as su gente (ara tornar al castillo, se(arNse sinser notado de la comitiva y echo en busca del Iagal (or lo ms es(eso intrincado del monte&

La noche habWa cerrado casi (or com(lete cuando don ionWs llegaba las (uertas de su castillo& Acto continuo dis(usironle una frugalcolaciNn, y sentNse con su hija la mesa&

))' Garcs dNnde estaR (reguntN :onstanIa notando que su montero nose encontraba allW (ara servirla como tenWa de costumbre&

))"o sabemos, se a(resuraron contestar los otros servidoresSdesa(areciN de entre nosotros cerca de la caUada, y esta es la hora enque todavWa no le hemos visto&

En este (unto llegN Garcs todo sofocado, cubierta a_n de sudor lafrente, (ero con la cara ms regocijada y satisfecha que (udieraimaginarse&

))Perdonadme, seUora, eclamN, dirigindose :onstanIaS (erdonadme si



he faltado un momento mi obligaciNnS (ero all de donde vengo todoel correr de mi caballo, como aquW, sNlo me, ocu(aba en serviros&

))En servirmeR re(itiN :onstanIaS no com(rendo lo que quieres decir&

))7W, seUoraS en serviros, re(itiN el joven, (ues he averiguado que esverdad que la corIa blanca eiste& mas de Esteban, lo dan (or seguro

otros varios (astores, que juran haberla visto ms de una veI, y conayuda de los cuales es(ero en ios y en mi (atrNn 7an 9uberto queantes de tres dWas, viva N muerta, os la traer al castillo&

))\BahQ&&& \BahQ&&& eclamo :onstanIa con aire de Iumba, mientrashacWan coro sus (alabras las risas ms N menos disimuladas de loscircunstantesS djate de cacerWas nocturnas y de corIas blancas* miraque el diablo ha dado en la flor de tentar los sim(les, y si teem(eUas en andarle los talones, va dar que reir contigo como conel (obre Esteban&

))7eUora, interrum(iN Garcs con voI entrecortada y disimulando en lo(osible la cNlera que le (roducWa el burlNn regocijo de sus

com(aneros, yo no me he visto nunca con el diablo, y (or consiguiente,no s todavWa como las gastaS (ero conmigo os juro que todo (odrhacer menos dar que reir, (orque el uso de ese (rivilegio sNlo en voss tolerarlo&

:onstanIa conociN el efecto que su burla habWa (roducido en elenamorado jovenS (ero deseando a(urar su (aciencia hasta lo _ltimo,tornN decir en el mismo tono*

))' si al dis(ararla te saluda con alguna risa del gnero de la queoyN Esteban, N se te rWe en la nariI, y al escuchar sus sobrenaturalescarcajadas se te cae la ballesta de las manos, y antes de re(onertedel susto ya ha desa(arecido la corIa blanca ms ligera que unrelm(agoR

))\%hQ eclamN Garcs, en cuanto eso estad segura que como yo lato(ase tiro de ballesta, aunque me hiciese ms monos que un juglar,aunque me hablara, no ya en romance, sino en latWn como el abad de=unilla,135 no se iba1.5 sin un ar(Nn en el cuer(o&

18ootnote 3* =unilla& A ton of 33X0 inhabitants situated in the (rovince of LogroUo to the est of the ton of Arnedillo on the :idacos& =unilla as a (lace of considerable im(ortance at the time in hich the events of this story are su((osed to have occurred&5

18ootnote .* no se iba ?it ould not esca(e&? 7ee (& 304, note Y5

En este (unto del dilogo, terciN don ionWs, y con una deses(erantegravedad travs de la que se adivinaba toda la ironWa de sus(alabras, comenIN darle al ya asendereado moIo los consejos msoriginates del mundo, (ara el caso de que se encontrase de manos boca con el demonio convertido en corIa blanca&

cada nueva ocurrencia de su (adre, :onstanIa fijaba sus ojos en elatribulado Garcs y rom(Wa reir como una loca, en tanto que losotros servidores esforIaban las burlas con sus miradas de inteligenciay su mal encubierto goIo&



=ientras durN la colaciNn (rolongNse esta escena, en que la credulidaddel joven montero fu, (or decirlo asW, el tema obligado del generalregocijoS de modo que cuando se levantaron los (aUos, y don ionWs y:onstanIa se retiraron sus habitaciones, y toda la gente delcastillo se entregN al re(oso, Garcs (ermaneciN un largo es(acio detiem(o irresoluto, dudando si (esar de las burlas de sus seUores,

(roseguirWa firme en su (ro(Nsito, o desistirWa com(letamente de laem(resa&

))\>u diantreQ eclamN saliendo del estado de incertidumbre en que seencontraba* mayor mal del que me ha sucedido no (uede sucederme, y si(or el contrario es verdad lo que nos ha contado Esteban &&& \oh,entonces, cNmo he de saborear mi triunfoQ

Esto diciendo, armN su ballesta, no sin haberla135 hecho antes laseUal de la cruI en la (unta de la vira, y colocndosela la es(aldase dirigiN la (oterna del castillo (ara tomar la vereda del monte&

18ootnote 3* la& 7ee (& .0, note .&5

:uando Garcs llego la caUada y al (unto en que, seg_n lasinstrucciones de Esteban, debWa aguardar la a(ariciNn de las corIas,la luna comenIaba remontarse con lentitud (or detrs de los cercanosmontes&

fuer de buen caIador y (rctico en el oficio, antes de elegir un(unto (ro(Nsito (ara colocarse al acecho de las reses, anduvo ungran rato de ac (ara all eaminando las trochas y las veredasvecinas, la dis(osiciNn de los rboles, los accidentes del terreno,las curvas del rWo y la (rofundidad de sus aguas&

Por _ltimo, des(us de terminar este minucioso reconocimiento dellugar en que se encontraba, agaIa(ose en un ribaIo junto unos cho(osde co(as elevadas y obscuras, cuyo (ie crecWan unas matas delentisco, altas lo bastante (ara ocultar un hombre echado en tierra&

El rWo, que desde las musgosas rocas donde tenWa su nacimiento venWasiguiendo las sinuosidades del =oncayo entrar en la caUada (or unavertiente, desliIbase desde allW baUando el (ie de los sauces quesombreaban su orilla, N jugueteando con alegre murmullo entre las(iedras rodadas del monte hasta caer en una hondura (rNima al lugarque servWa de escondrijo al montero&

Los lamos, cuyas (lateadas hojas movWa el aire con un rumordulcWsimo, los sauces que inclinados sobre la lim(ia corrientehumedecWan en ella las (untas de sus desmayadas ramas, y los a(retados

carrascales (or cuyos troncos subWan y se enredaban las madreselvas ylas cam(anillas aIules, formaban un es(eso muro de follaje alrededordel remanso del rWo&

El viento, agitando los frondosos (abellones de verdura que derramabanen torno su flotante sombra, dejaba (enetrar intervalos un furtivorayo de luI, que brillaba como un relm(ago de (lata sobre lasu(erficie de las aguas inmNviles y (rofundas&

%culto tras los matojos, con el oWdo atento al ms leve rumor y la



vista clavada en el (unto en donde seg_n sus clculos debWan a(arecerlas corIas, Garcs es(erN in_tilmente un gran es(acio de tiem(o&

Todo (ermanecWa su alrededor sumido en una (rofunda calma&

Poco (oco, y bien fuese que el (eso de la noche, que ya habWa (asadode la mitad, comenIara dejarse sentir, bien que el lejano murmullo

del agua, el (enetrante aroma de las flores silvestres y las cariciasdel viento comunicasen sus sentidos el dulce so(or en que (arecWaestar im(regnada la naturaleIa toda, el enamorado moIo que hasta aquel(unto habWa estado entretenido revolviendo en su mente las mshalagêUas imaginaciones comenIN sentir que sus ideas se elaborabancon ms lentitud y sus (ensamientos tomaban formas ms leves indecisas&

es(us de mecerse un instante en ese vago es(acio que media entre lavigilia y el sueUo, entornN al fin los ojos, dejN esca(ar la ballestade sus manos y se quedN (rofundamente dormido& & & & & & & & & & & & && & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & && & & & & & & &

:osa de dos horas N tres harWa135 ya que el joven montero roncaba (ierna suelta, disfrutando todo sabor de uno de los sueUos msa(acibles de su vida, cuando de re(ente entreabriN los ojossobresaltadoS incor(orNse medias lleno a_n de ese estu(or del quese vuelve en sW de im(roviso des(us de un sueUo (rofundo&

18ootnote 3* harWa ?it must have been&? 7ee (& , note ., and (& .C, note 3&5

En las rfagas del aire y confundido con los leves rumores de lanoche, creyN (ercibir un etraUo rumor de voces delgadas, dulces ymisteriosas que hablaban entre sW, reian N cantaban cada cual (or su(arte y una cosa diferente, formando una algarabia tan ruidosa yconfusa como la de los (jaros que des(iertan al (rimer rayo del solentre las frondas de una alameda&

Este etraUo rumor solo se dejN oir un instante, y des(us todo volviN quedar en silencio&

))7in duda soUaba con las majaderWas que nos refiriN el Iagal, eclamNGarcs restregndose los ojos con mucha calma, y en la firme(ersuasiNn de que cuanto habWa creWdo oir no era ms que esa vagahuella del ensueUo que queda, al des(ertar, en la imaginaciNn, comoqueda en el oWdo la _ltima cadencia de una melodWa des(us que hae(irado temblando la _ltima nota& ' dominado (or la invenciblelanguideI que embargaba sus miembros, iba reclinar de nuevo la

cabeIa sobre el cs(ed, cuando tornN oir el eco distante de aquellasmisteriosas voces, que acom(aUndose del rumor del aire, del agua y delas hojas, cantaban asi*

:%+%

El arquero que velaba en lo alto de la torre ha reclinado su (esada



cabeIa en el muro&

Al caIador furtivo que es(eraba sor(render la res, lo ha sor(rendidoel sueUo&

El (astor que aguarda el dWa consultando las estrellas, duerme ahoray dormir hasta el amanecer&

+eina de las ondinas,135 sigue nuestros (asos&

18ootnote 3* ondinas ?undines&? 8emale ater)s(rites, ithout souls& They form one branch of the elemental s(irits @see (& ./, note ., and (& /X, note 3D& +ead 8ouqu?s romantic novel entitled O;ndineO&5

#en mecerte en las ramas de los sauces sobre el haI del agua&

#en embriagarte con el (erfume de las violetas que se abren entrelas sombras&

#en goIar de la noche, que es el dWa de los es(Writus&

=ientras flotaban en el aire las suaves notas de aquella deliciosam_sica, Garcs se mantuvo inmNvil& es(us que se hubo desvanecido,con mucha (recauciNn a(artN un (oco las ramas, y no sin e(erimentaralg_n sobresalto viN a(arecer las corIas que en tro(el y salvando losmatorrales con ligereIa increWble unas veces, detenindose como escuchar otras, jugueteando entre sW, ya escondindose entre laes(esura, ya saliendo nuevamente la senda, bajaban del monte condirecciNn al remanso del rWo&

elante de sus com(aUeras, ms gil, ms linda, ms juguetona y alegreque todas, saltando, corriendo, (arndose y tornando correr, de modoque (arecWa no tocar el suelo con los (ies, iba la corIa blanca, cuyoetraUo color destacaba como una fantstica luI sobre el obscuro fondode los rboles&

Aunque el joven se sentWa dis(uesto ver en cuanto le rodeaba algo desobrenatural y maravilloso, la verdad del caso era, que (rescindiendode la momentnea alucinaciNn que turbN un instante sus sentidosfingindole m_sicas, rumores y (alabras, ni en la forma de las corIasni en sus movimientos, ni en los cortos bramidos con que (arecWanllamarse, habWa nada con que no debiese estar ya muy familiariIado uncaIador (rctico en esta clase de e(ediciones nocturnas&

medida que desechaba la (rimera im(resiNn, Garcs comenIN com(renderlo asW, y rindose interiormente de su incredulidad y su

miedo, desde aquel instante solo se ocu(N en averiguar, teniendo encuenta la direcciNn que seguWan, el (unto donde se hallaban lascorIas&

9echo el clculo, cogiN la ballesta entre los dientes, y arrastrndosecomo una culebra (or detrs de los lentiscos, fu situarse obra deunos cuarenta (asos ms lejos del lugar en que antes se encontraba&;na veI acomodado en su nuevo escondite, es(erN el tiem(o suficiente(ara que las corIas estuvieran ya dentro del rWo, fin de hacer eltiro ms seguro& A(enas em(eIN escucharse ese ruido (articular que



(roduce el agua que se bate gol(es N se agita con violencia, GarcscomenIN levantarse (oquito (oco y con las mayores (recauciones,a(oyndose en la tierra (rimero sobre la (unta de los dedos, y des(uscon una de las rodillas&

'a de (ie, y cerciorndose tientas de que el arma estaba (re(arada,diN un (aso hacia adelante, alargN el cuello (or cima de los arbustos

(ara dominar el remanso, y tendiN la ballestaS (ero en el mismo (untoen que, (ar de la ballesta, tendiN la vista buscando el objeto quehabWa de herir, se esca(N de sus labios un im(erce(tible involuntario grito de asombro&

La luna que habWa ido remontandose con lentitud (or el anchohoriIonte, estaba inmNvil y como sus(endida en la mitad del cielo& 7udulce claridad inundaba el soto, abrillantaba la intranquilasu(erficie del rWo y hacWa ver los objetos como travs de una gasaaIul&

Las corIas habWan desa(arecido&

En su lugar, lleno de estu(or y casi de miedo, viN Garcs un gru(o debellWsimas mujeres, de las cuales, unas entraban en el aguajugueteando, mientras las otras acababan de des(ojarse de las ligerast_nicas que a_n ocultaban la codiciosa vista el tesoro de susformas&

En esos ligeros y cortados sueUos de la maUana, ricos en imgenesrisueUas y volu(tuosas, sueUos difanos y celestes como la luI queentonces comienIa trans(arentarse travs de las blancas cortinasdel lecho, no ha habido nunca imaginaciNn de veinte aUos quebosquejase con los colores de la fantasWa una escena semejante laque se ofrecWa en aquel (unto los ojos del atNnito Garcs&

es(ojadas ya de sus t_nicas y sus velos de mil colores, quedestacaban sobre el fondo, sus(endidas de los rboles N arrojadas condescuido sobre la alfombra del cs(ed, las muchachas discurrWan su(lacer (or el soto, formando gru(os (intorescos, y entraban y salWanen el agua, hacindola saltar en chis(as luminosas sobre las flores dela margen como una menuda lluvia de rocWo&

AquW una de ellas, blanca como el vellNn de un cordero, sacaba sucabeIa rubia entre las verdes y flotantes hojas de una (lantaacutica, de la cual (arecWa una flor medio abrir, cuyo fleibletallo ms bien se adivinaba que se veWa temblar debajo de losinfinites cWrculos de luI de las ondas&

%tra all, con el cabello suelto sobre los hombros mecWase sus(endida

de la rama de un sauce sobre la corriente de un rWo, y sus (equeUos(ies, color de rosa, hacWan una raya de (lata al (asar roIando latersa su(erficie& En tanto que stas (ermanecWan recostadas a_n alborde del agua con los aIules ojos adormidos, as(irando convolu(tuosidad el (erfume de las flores y estremecindose ligeramenteal contacto de la fresca brisa, aquellas danIaban en vertiginosaronda, entrelaIando ca(richosamente sus manos, dejando caer atrs lacabeIa con delicioso abandono, hiriendo el suelo con el (ie enalternada cadencia&



Era im(osible seguirlas en sus giles movimientos, im(osible abarcarcon una mirada los infinitos detalles del cuadro que formaban, unascorriendo, jugando y (ersiguindose con alegres risas (or entre ellaberinto de los rbolesS otras surcando el agua como un cisne, yrom(iendo la corriente con el levantado senoS otras, en fin,sumergindose en el fondo, donde (ermanecWan largo rato (ara volver la su(erficie, trayendo una de esas flores etraUas que nacen

escondidas en el lecho de las aguas (rofundas&

La mirada del atNnito montero vagaba absorta de un lado otro, sinsaber dNnde fijarse, hasta que sentado bajo un (abellNn de verdura que(arecWa servirle de dosel, y rodeado de un gru(o de mujeres todas cual ms bellas, que la ayudaban des(ojarse de sus ligerWsimasvestiduras, creyN ver el objeto de sus ocultas adoraciones, la hijadel noble don ionWs, la incom(arable :onstanIa&

=archando de sor(resa en sor(resa, el enamorado joven no se atrevWa ya dar crdito ni al testimonio de sus sentidos, y creWase bajo lainfluencia de un sueUo fascinador y engaUoso&

"o obstante, (ugnaba en vano (or (ersuadirse de que todo cuanto veWaera efecto del desarreglo de su imaginaciNnS (orque mientras ms lamiraba, y ms des(acio, ms se convencWa de que aquella mujer era:onstanIa&

"o (odWa caber duda, no* suyos eran aquellos ojos obscuros ysombreados de largas (estaUas, que a(enas bastaban amortiguar la luIde sus (u(ilasS suya aquella rubia y abundante cabellera, que des(usde coronar su frente se derramaba (or su blanco seno y sus redondases(aldas como una cascada de oroS suyos, en fin, aquel cuello airoso,que sostenWa su languida cabeIa, ligeramente inclinada como una florque se rinde al (eso de las gotas de rocWo, y aquellas volu(tuosasformas que el habWa soUado tal veI, y aquellas manos semejantes amanojos de jaImines, y aquellos (ies diminutos, com(arables sNlo condos (edaIos de nieve que el sol no ha (odido derretir, y que lamaUana blanquean entre la verdura&

En el momento en que :onstanIa saliN del bosquecillo, sin velo algunoque ocultase los ojos de su amante los escondidos tesoros de suhermosura, sus com(aUeras comenIaron nuevamente cantar estas(alabras con una melodia dulcWsima*

:%+%

Genios del aire, habitadores del luminoso ter, venid envueltos en unjirNn de niebla (lateada&

7ilfos135 invisibles, dejad el cliI de los entreabiertos lirios, yvenid en vuestros carros de ncar al que vuelan uncidas las mari(osas&

18ootnote 3* The s(irits mentioned here belong to the race of sub)human intelligences knon in the old magical doctrine as elemental or elementary s(irits, Mho are formally grou(ed into four broad s(ecies& The air is inhabited by the amiable race of 7yl(hs,



the sea by the delightful and beautiful ;ndines, the earth by the industrious race of sarthy Gnomes, and the fire by the ealted and glorious nation of 7alamanders, ho are su(reme in the elementary hierarchy& There is a close analogy in the natures of all these intelligences ith the more lofty constitution of certain angelical choirs&&&& the 7era(him, #irtues, and Poers @beingD of a fiery character, the :herubim terrestrial, the Thrones and Archangels

aquatic, hile the ominations and Princi(alities are aerial&M A& E& $aite, OThe %ccult 7ciencesO, London, 343, (& YX&

The elementary s(irits are believed to be ithout souls& M7ometimes, hoever, an elementary s(irit (rocures a soul by means of a loving union ith one of the human race& At other times, the reverse ha((ens, and the soul of the mortal is lost, ho, leaving the haunts of men, associates ith those soulless, but often amiable and affectionate beings&M !dem, ((& Y)YC& 7ee (& ./, note ., and (& /Y, note 3&5

Larvas de las fuentes,135 abandonad el lecho de musgo y caed sobrenosotras en menuda lluvia de (erlas&

18ootnote 3* 7ee (& /X, note 3&5

Escarabajos de esmeralda, lucirnagas de fuego, mari(osas negras,135venidQ

18ootnote 3* These insects figure frequently in (o(ular mythology& :onsult de Gubematis, OKoological =ythologyO, London, 34X., . vols&5

' venid vosotros todos, es(Writus de la noche, venid Iumbando como unenjambre de insectos de luI y de oro&

#enid, que ya el astro (rotector de los misterios135 brilla en la(lenitud de su hermosura&

18ootnote 3* The moon&5

#enid, que ha llegado el momento de las transformacionesmaravillosas&

#enid, que las que os aman os es(eran im(acientes&

Garcs, que (ermanecWa inmNvil, sintiN al oir aquellos cantaresmisteriosos que el s(id de los celos le mordWa el coraINn, yobedeciendo un im(ulso ms (oderoso que su voluntad, deseando rom(erde una veI el encanto que fascinaba sus sentidos, se(arN con manotrmula y convulsa el ramaje que le ocultaba, y de un solo salto se

(uso en la margen del rWo& El encanto se rom(iN, desvaneciNse todocomo el humo, y al tender en torno suyo la vista, no viN ni oyN msque el bullicioso tro(el con que las tWmidas corIas, sor(rendidas enlo mejor de sus nocturnos juegos, huWan es(antadas de su (resencia,una (or aquW, otra (or all, cul salvando de un salto los matorrales,cul ganando todo correr la trocha del monte&

))\%hQ bien dije yo que todas estas cosas no eran ms quefantasmagorWas del diablo, eclamN entonces el monteroS (ero (orfortuna esta veI ha andado un (oco tor(e dejndome entre las manos la



mejor (resa&

' en efecto, era asW* la corIa blanca, deseando esca(ar (or el soto,se habWa lanIado entre el laberinto de sus rboles, y enredndose enuna red de madreselvas, (ugnaba en vano (or desasirse& Garcs leencarN la ballestaS (ero en el mismo (unto en que iba herirla, lacorIa se volviN hacia el montero, y con voI clara y aguda detuvo su

acciNn con un grito, diciendole*))Garcs qu hacesR))El jovenvacilN, y des(us de un instante de duda, dejN caer al suelo el arma,es(antado la sola idea de haber (odido herir su amante& ;na sonoray estridente carcajada vino sacarle al fin de su estu(orS la corIablanca habWa a(rovechado aquellos cortos instantes (ara acabarse dedesenredar y huWr ligera como un relm(ago, rindose de la burla hechaal montero&

))\AhQ condenado engendro de 7atans, dijo ste con voI es(antosa,recogiendo la ballesta con una ra(ideI indecible* (ronto has cantadola victoria, (ronto te has creWdo fuera de mi alcanceS y estodiciendo, dejN volar la saeta, que (artiN silbando y fue (erderse enla obscuridad del soto, en el fondo del cual sonN al mismo tiem(o un

grito, al que siguieron des(us unos gemidos sofocados&

))\ios mWoQ eclamN Garcs al (ercibir aquellos lamentos angustiosos&\ios mWo, si ser verdadQ ' fuera de sW, como loco, sin darse cuentaa(enas de lo que le (asaba, corriN en la direcciNn en que habWadis(arado la saeta, que era la misma en que sonaban los gemidos& LlegNal finS (ero al llegar, sus cabellos se eriIaron de horror, las(alabras se anudaron en su garganta, y tuvo que agarrarse al tronco deun rbol (ara no caer tierra&

:onstanIa, herida (or su mano, e(iraba allW su vista, revolcndoseen su (ro(ia sangre, entre las agudas IarIas del monte&

LA A-%+:A EL %+%

!

Ella era hermosa, hermosa con esa hermosura que ins(ira el vrtigoShermosa con esa hermosura que no se (arece en nada la que soUamos enlos ngeles, y que, sin embargo, es sobrenaturalS hermosura diabNlica,que tal veI (resta el demonio algunos seres (ara hacerlos susinstrumentos en la tierra&

l la amaba* la amaba con ese amor que no conoce freno ni lWmitesS la

amaba con ese amor en que se busca un goce y sNlo se encuentranmartiriosS amor que se asemeja la felicidad, y que, no obstante,(arece infundir el cielo (ara la e(iaciNn de una cul(a&

Ella era ca(richosa, ca(richosa y etravagante, como todas lasmujeres135 del mundo&

18ootnote 3* This cynical vie of omen is re(eated in some of Becquer?s verses, and may not unlikely have been caused by a bitter (ersonal e(erience, as the love)story embodied in the (oems seems



to suggest&5

l, su(ersticioso, su(ersticioso y valiente, como todos los hombres desu (oca&

Ella se llamaba =arWa AntuneI&

l Pedro Alfonso de %rellana&

Los dos eran toledanos135, y los dos vivWan en la misma ciudad que losviN nacer&

18ootnote 3* toledanos))?of Toledo&? Toledo is the ca(ital of a (rovince of the same name& !t is situated on the Tagus not far to the south of =adrid& MThe city as the ancient ca(ital of the :ar(etani, and as conquered by the +omans about 3Y B&:& !t as the ca(ital of the $est)Gothic realmS&&& as the second city in the country under the =oorish ruleS as taken by Alfonso #! of :astile and Leon in 304S&&& and as the ca(ital of :astile until su(erseded by =adrid in the siteenth century&M O:entury ictO& Po(ulation

@300D .Y,YX& $ithin its alls it (resents the a((earance of a =oorish city ith huddled dellings and narro, crooked streets, hich afford but scanty room even for the foot (assenger& #ieed from ithout it is unrivaled for stern (icturesqueness& MThe city lies on a selling granite hill in the form of a horseshoe, cut out, as it ere, by the dee( gorge of the Tagus from the mass of mountains to the south& %n the north it is connected ith the great (lain of :astile by a narro isthmus& At all other (oints the sides of the rocky eminence are stee( and inaccessible&M @Baedeker&D MToledo, on its hillside, ith the tany half)circle of the Tagus at its feet, has the color, the roughness, the haughty (overty of the sierra on hich it is built, and hose strong articulations from the very first (roduce an im(ression of energy and (assion&M @>uoted from =& =aurice Barrs in 9annah Lynch?s OToledoO, London, 30Y, (& Y&D5

La tradiciNn que refiere esta maravillosa historia, acaecida hacemuchos aUos, no dice nada ms acerca de los (ersonajes que fueron sushroes&

'o, en mi calidad de cronista verWdico, no aUadir ni una sola (alabrade mi cosecha (ara caracteriIarlos mejor&

!!

l la encontrN un dWa llorando y le (regunto*))Por qu llorasR

Ella se enjugN los ojos, le mirN fijamente, arrojN un sus(iro y volviN llorar&

Pero entonces, acercndose =arWa, le tomN una mano, a(oyN el codo enel (retil rabe desde donde la hermosa miraba (asar la corriente delrWo, y torno decirle*))Por que llorasR



El Tajo135 se retorcWa gimiendo al (ie del mirador1.5 entre las rocassobre que se asienta la ciudad im(erial&1Y5 El sol tras(onWa losmontes vecinos, la niebla de la tarde flotaba como un velo de gasaaIul, y solo el monNtono ruido del agua interrum(Wa el alto silencio&

18ootnote 3* El Tajo ?The Tagus&? MThe longest river in the 7(anish (eninsula&&&& !t rises in the (rovince of Teruel, 7(ain, in

the mountain =uela de 7an -uanS flos est through "e :astile and EstremaduraS forms (art of the boundary beteen 7(ain and PortugalS and em(ties by to arms into the Bay of Lisbon& The chief city on its banks in 7(ain is Toledo&M O:entury ict&O5

18ootnote .* mirador ?lookout,? a kind of bo in the all surrounding some of the heights of Toledo&5

18ootnote Y* im(erial& +eferring (robably to the time of the +oman dominion, hich, though it lasted some to hundred years, has left in the monuments of Toledo very little evidence of its duration& 7ee (& 0, note .&5

=arWa eclamN*))"o me (reguntes (or qu lloro, no me lo (reguntesS(ues ni yo sabr contestarte, ni t_ com(renderme& 9ay deseos que seahogan en nuestra alma de mujer, sin que los revele ms que unsus(iroS ideas locas que cruIan (or nuestra imaginaciNn, sin que oseformularlas el labio, fenNmenos incom(rensibles de nuestra naturaleIamisteriosa, que el hombre no (uede ni a_n concebir& Te lo ruego, no me(reguntes la causa de mi dolorS si te la revelase, acaso te arrancarWauna carcajada&

:uando estas (alabras e(iraron, ella tornN inclinar la frente, y l reiterar sus (reguntas&

La hermosa, rom(iendo al fin su obstinado silencio, dijo su amantecon voI sorda y entrecortada&

))T_ lo quieres, es una locura que te har reirS (ero no im(orta* telo dir, (uesto que lo deseas&

Ayer estuve en el tem(lo&135 7e celebraba la fiesta de la #irgenS1.5su imagen, colocada en el altar mayor sobre un escabel de oro,res(landecWa como un1Y5 ascua de fuegoS las notas del Nrgano temblabandilatndose de eco en eco (or el mbito de la iglesia, y en el corolos sacerdotes entonaban el O7alve, +eginaO1/5

18ootnote 3* tem(lo& +eference is made here to the cathedral of Toledo&5

18ootnote .* la fiesta de la #irgen& Probably the festival of the Assum(tion, August 3, as this is generally considered the most im(ortant of the various festivals in honor of the #irgin, such as, for eam(le, the "ativity of =ary @7e(tember 4D, the Purification of the Blessed #irgin @8ebruary .D, and the Annunciation @=arch .D&5

18ootnote Y* un& 8or OunaO& This use is not sanctioned by the 7(anish Academy, nor, as <na(( says, Mby the best modern riters&M5

18ootnote /* 7alve, +egina ?9ail, >ueen @of =ercyD&? The first



ords of a Latin anti(hon ascribed to 9ermannus :ontractus @b& 303Y)d& 30/D& !n mediaeval times it as a great favorite ith the church, and as a((ointed for use at com(line, from the first ves(ers of Trinity 7unday u( to nones on the 7aturday before Advent 7unday& 7ee -ohn -ulian, Oictionary of 9ymnologyO, London, 34., (& 3&5

'o reIaba, reIaba absorta en mis (ensamientos religiosos, cuandomaquinalmente levant la cabeIa y mi vista se dirigiN al altar& "o s(or qu mis ojos se fijaron desde luego en la imagen, digo mal, en laimagen noS se fijaron en un objeto que hasta entonces no habWa visto,un objeto que, sin (oder e(licrmelo, llamaba sobre sW toda miatenciNn& "o te rWas &&& aquel objeto era la ajorca de oro que tienela =adre de ios en uno de los braIos en que descansa su divino9ijo&&&& 'o a(arte la vista y torn reIar&&&& \!m(osibleQ =is ojosse volvWan involuntariamente al mismo (unto& Las luces del altar,reflejndose en las mil facetas de sus diamantes, se re(roducWan deuna manera (rodigiosa& =illones de chis(as de luI rojas y aIules,verdes y amarillas, volteaban alrededor de las (iedras como untorbellino de tomos de fuego, como una vertiginosa ronda de esos

es(Writus de las llamas que fascinan con su brillo y su increWbleinquietud&&&&

7alW del tem(lo, vine casa, (ero vine con aquella idea fija en laimaginaciNn& =e acost (ara dormirS no (ude&&&& PasN la noche, eternacon aquel (ensamiento&&&& Al amanecer se cerraron mis (r(ados, y, locreersR aun en el sueUo veWa cruIar, (erderse y tornar de nuevo unamujer, una mujer morena y hermosa, que llevaba la joya de oro y de(edrerWaS una mujer, sW, (orque ya no era la #irgen que yo adoro yante quien me humillo, era una mujer, otra mujer como yo, que memiraba y se reWa mofndose de mW&))La vesR (arecWa decirme,mostrndome la joya&))\:Nmo brillaQ Parece un cWrculo de estrellasarrancadas del cielo de una noche de verano& La vesR (ues no es tuya,no lo ser nunca, nunca&&&& Tendrs acaso otras mejores, ms ricas, sies (osibleS (ero sta, sta que res(landece de un modo tan fantstico,tan fascinador &&& nunca &&& nunca &&&))es(ertS (ero con la mismaidea fija aquW, entonces como ahora, semejante un clavo ardiente,diabNlica, incontrastable, ins(irada sin duda (or el mismo 7atans&&&&' quR&&& :allas, callas y doblas la frente&&&& "o te hace reir milocuraR

Pedro, con un movimiento convulsive, o(rimiN el (uUo de su es(ada,levantN la cabeIa, que en efecto habWa inclinado, y dijo con voIsorda*

))>ue #irgen tiene esa (reseaR

))La del 7agrario,135 murmurN =arWa&

18ootnote 3* La @#irgenD del 7agrario& A highly venerated figure of the #irgin, made of a dark)colored ood and almost covered ith valuable jeels& !t stands no in the cha(el of the same name, to hich visitors are seldom admitted&5

))\La del 7agrarioQ re(itiN el joven con acento de terror* \la del7agrario de la catedralQ&&&



' en sus facciones se retratN un instante el estado de su alma,es(antada de una idea&

))\AhQ (or qu no la (osee otra #irgenR135 (rosiguiN con acentoenrgico y a(asionadoS (or qu no la tiene el arIobis(o en su mitra,el rey en su corona, N el diablo entre sus garrasR 'o se la arrancarWa(ara tW, aunque me costase la vida N la condenaciNn& Pero la #irgen

del 7agrario, nuestra 7anta Patrona, yo &&& yo que he nacido enToledo, \im(osible, im(osibleQ

18ootnote 3* otra #irgen& There are several other statues of the #irgin in the cathedral, for hich, hoever, less reverence is felt& The choice of certain statues of :hrist or of the #irgin for s(ecial veneration is very characteristic of 7(anish :atholics& 7ee (& 3., note .&5

))\"uncaQ murmuro =arWa con voI casi im(erce(tibleS \nuncaQ

' siguiN llorando&

Pedro fijN una mirada est_(ida en la corriente del rWo& En lacorriente, que (asaba y (asaba sin cesar ante sus etraviados ojos,quebrndose al (ie del mirador entre las rocas sobre que se asienta laciudad im(erial&

!!!

\La catedral de ToledoQ135 8iguraos un bosque de gigantes (almeras degranito que al entrelaIar sus ramas forman una bNveda colosal ymagnWfica, bajo la que se guarece y vive, con la vida que le ha(restado el genio, toda una creaciNn de seres imaginarios y reales&

18ootnote 3* La catedral de Toledo& The construction of the Toledo :athedral is essentially of the thirteenth century, although it as not finished until 3/Y& The eterior of this vast church, ith its great doors, rose)indos, and beautiful Gothic toers, the northern one of hich @. ft&D has alone been finished, is of sur(assing grandeur and beauty, and nothing could be more sum(tuous or more im(ressive than its interior& MAnd should time be short for detailed ins(ection, it is this general effect of immense naves, of a forest of columns and of jeeled indos that e carry aay, feeling too small amidst such greatness of form and incom(arable loveliness of lights for the mere e(ression of admiration&M 9annah Lynch, OToledoO, London, 30Y, ((& 30)33&5

8iguraos un caos incom(rensible de sombra y luI, en donde se meIclan yconfunden con las tinieblas de las naves los rayos de colores de lasojivasS donde lucha y se (ierde con la obscuridad del santuario elfulgor de las lm(aras&

8iguraos un mundo de (iedra, inmenso como el es(Writu de nuestrareligiNn, sombrWo como sus tradiciones, enigmtico como sus (arbolas,y todavWa no tendris una idea remota de ese eterno monumento delentusiasmo y la fe de nuestros mayores, sobre el que los siglos ban



derramado (orfWa el tesoro de sus creencias, de su ins(iration y desus artes&

En su seno viven el silencio, la majestad, la (oesWa del misticismo, yun santo horror que defiende sus umbrales contra los (ensamientosmundanos y las meIquinas (asiones de la tierra&

La consunciNn material se alivia res(irando el aire (uro de lasmontaUasS el ateWsmo debe curarse res(irando su atmosfera de fe&

Pero si grande, si im(onente se (resenta la catedral nuestros ojos cualquier hora que se (enetra en su recinto misterioso y sagrado,nunca (roduce una im(resiNn tan (rofunda como en los dWas en quedes(liega todas las galas de su (om(a religiosa, en que sustabernculos se cubren de oro y (edrerWa, sus gradas de alfombra y sus(ilares de ta(ices&

Entonces, cuando arden des(idiendo un torrente de luI sus mil lm(arasde (lataS cuando flota en el aire una nube de incienso, y las vocesdel coro, y la armonWa de los Nrganos y las cam(anas de la torre

estremecen el edificio desde sus cimientos ms (rofundos hasta las msaltas agujas que lo coronan, entonces es cuando se com(rende, alsentirla, la tremenda majestad de ios que vive en l, y lo anima consu so(lo y lo llena con el reflejo de su omni(otencia&

El mismo dWa en que tuvo lugar la escena que acabamos de referir, secelebraba en la catedral de Toledo el _ltimo de la magnWfica octava dela #irgen&135

18ootnote 3* octava de la #irgen& The eight days during hich is solemniIed the (rinci(al fpte of the #irgin, August 3)..& 7ee (& ., note Y&5

La fiesta religiosa habWa traWdo ella una multitud inmensa defielesS (ero ya sta se habWa dis(ersado en todas direccionesS ya sehabWan a(agado las luces de las ca(illas y del altar mayor, y lascolosales (uertas del tem(lo habWan rechinado sobre sus goInes (aracerrarse detrs del _ltimo toledano, cuando de entre las sombras, y(lido, tan (lido como la estatua de la tumba en que se a(oyo uninstante mientras dominaba su emociNn, se adelantN un hombre que vinodesliIndose con el mayor sigilo hasta la verja del crucero& AllW laclaridad de una lm(ara (ermitWa distinguir sus facciones&

Era Pedro&

>ue habWa (asado entre los dos amantes (ara que se arrastrara al fin (oner (or obra una idea que sNlo el concebirla habWa eriIado sus

cabellos de horrorR "unca (udo saberse&

Pero l estaba allW, y estaba allW (ara llevar cabo su criminal(ro(Nsito& En su mirada inquieta, en el temblor de sus rodillas, en elsudor que corrWa en anchas gotas (or su frente, llevaba escrito su(ensamiento&

La catedral estaba sola, com(letamente sola, y sumergida en unsilencio (rofundo&



"o obstante, de cuando en cuando se (ercibWan como unos rumoresconfusos* chasquidos de madera tal veI, N murmullos del viento, Nquin sabeR acaso ilusiNn de la fantasWa, que oye y ve y (al(a en suealtaciNn lo que no eiste, (ero la verdad era que ya cerca, yalejos, ora sus es(aldas, ora su lado mismo, sonaban como solloIosque se com(rimen, como roce de telas que se arrastran, como rumor de(asos que van y vienen sin cesar&

Pedro hiIo un esfuerIo (ara seguir en su camino, llego la verja, ysubiN la (rimera grada de la ca(illa mayor&135 Alrededor de estaca(illa estn las tumbas de los reyes,1.5 cuyas imgenes de (iedra,con la mano en la em(uUadura de la es(ada, (arecen velar noche y dWa(or el santuario cuya sombra descansan todos (or una eternidad&

18ootnote 3* la (rimera &&& mayor& There are three ste(s that lead u( to the cha(el, hich is se(arated from the transe(t to)day by a magnificent reja @screen or gratingD, dating from 3/4, and is filled ith treasures of art&5

18ootnote .* los reyes& Alfonso #!!, the !nfante on Pedro de

Aguilar @son of Alfonso J!D, 7ancho !!!, and 7ancho !# are buried here&5

))\AdelanteQ murmurN en voI baja, y quiso andar y no (udo& ParecWa quesus (ies se habWan clavado en el (avimento& BajN los ojos, y suscabellos se eriIaron de horror* el suelo de la ca(illa lo formabananchas y obscuras losas se(ulcrales&

Por un momento creyN que una mano frWa y descarnada le sujetaba enaquel (unto con una fuerIa invencible& Las moribundas lm(aras, quebrillaban en el fondo de las naves como estrellas (erdidas entre lassombras, oscilaron su vista, y oscilaron las estatuas de losse(ulcros y las imgenes del altar, y oscilN el tem(lo todo con susarcadas de granito y sus machones de sillerWa&

))\AdelanteQ volviN eclamar Pedro como fuera de sW, y se acercN alara, y tre(ando (or ella subiN hasta el escabel de la imagen& Todoalrededor suyo se revestWa de formas quimricas y horriblesS todo eratinieblas y luI dudosa, ms im(onente a_n que la obscuridad& 7Nlo la+eina de los cielos, suavemente iluminada (or una lm(ara de oro,(arecWa sonreir tranquila, bondadosa, y serena en medio de tantohorror&

7in embargo, aquella sonrisa muda inmNvil que le tranquiliIara135 uninstante, concluyN (or infundirle temorS un temor ms etraUo, ms(rofundo que el que hasta entonces habWa sentido&

18ootnote 3* tranquiliIara& 7ee (&3C, note Y&5

TornN em(ero dominarse, cerrN los ojos (ara no verla, etendiN lamano con un movimiento convulsivo y le arrancN la ajorca de oro,(iadosa ofrenda de un santo arIobis(oS la ajorca de oro cuyo valorequivalWa una fortuna&1.5

18ootnote .* equivalWa una fortuna& The jeels of this #irgin, (resents for the most (art from croned heads and high church dignitaries, are in fact of immense value&5



'a la (resea estaba en su (oder* sus dedos cris(ados la o(rimWan conuna fuerIa sobrenatural, sNlo restaba huir, huir con ella* (ero (araesto era (reciso abrir los ojos, y Pedro tenWa miedo de ver, de ver laimagen, de ver los reyes de las se(ulturas, los demonios de lascornisas, los endriagos de los ca(iteles, las fajas de sombras y losrayos de luI que semejantes blancos y gigantescos fantasmas, se

movWan lentamente en el fondo de las naves, (obladas de rumorestemerosos y etraUos&

Al fin abriN los ojos, tendiN una mirada, y un grito agudo se esca(Nde sus labios&

La catedral estaba llena de estatuas, estatuas que, vestidas conluengos y no vistos ro(ajes, habWan descendido de sus huecos, yocu(aban todo el mbito de la iglesia, y le miraban con sus ojos sin(u(ila&

7antos, monjas, ngeles, demonios, guerreros, damas, (ajes, cenobitasy villanos, se rodeaban y confundWan en las naves y en el altar& sus

(ies oficiaban, en (resencia de los reyes, de hinojos sobre sustumbas, los arIobis(os de mrmol que l habWa visto otras veces,inmNviles sobre sus lechos mortuorios, mientras que arrastrndose (orlas losas, tre(ando (or los machones, acurrucados en los doseles,sus(endidos de las bNvedas, (ululaban como los gusanos de un inmensocadver, todo un mundo de re(tiles y alimaUas de granito, quimericos,deformes, horrorosos&

'a no (udo resistir ms& Las sienes le latieron con una violenciaes(antosaS una nube de sangre obscureciN sus (u(ilas, arrojN unsegundo grito, un grito desgarrador y sobrehumano, y cayN desvanecidosobre el ara&

:uando al otro dWa los de(endientes de la iglesia le encontraron al(ie del altar, tenWa a_n la ajorca de oro entre sus manos, y al verlosa(roimarse, eclamN con una estridente carcajada*

))\7uya, suyaQ

El infeliI estaba loco&

EL :+!7T% E LA :ALA#E+A135

18ootnote 3* 7ee (& X0, note 3&5

El rey de :astilla135 marchaba la guerra de moros,1.5 y (aracombatir con los enemigos de la religiNn habWa a(ellidado en son deguerra todo lo ms florido de la nobleIa de sus reinos& Lassilenciosas calles de Toledo1Y5 resonaban noche y dWa con el marcialrumor de los atabales y los clarines, y ya en la morisca (uerta de#isagra,1/5 ya en la del :ambrNn,15 en la embocadura del antiguo(uente de 7an =artWn,1C5 no (asaba hora sin que se oyese el roncogrito de los centinelas, anunciando la llegada de alg_n caballero que,



(recedido de su (endNn seUorial y seguido de jinetes y (eones, venWa reunirse al grueso del ejrcito castellano&

18ootnote 3* 7ee (& Y/, note 3&5

18ootnote .* moros ?=oors&? The Arabs ho conquered =auritania in the 7eventh century converted the native race to =ohammedanism, and

it as this mied (o(ulation that entered 7(ain by Gibraltar in X3& There they remained in almost constant arfare ith the :hristians until they ere finally defeated at Granada by the armies of 8erdinand and !sabella and driven from 7(ain in 3/.&

Toledo as entered by the :hristians under Alfonso #! in 304& 8rom this time on :hristian arms began to (revail in the (eninsula&5

18ootnote Y* Toledo& 7ee (& 0, note .&5

18ootnote /* (uerta de #isagra& The gate referred to here is the OPuerta #isagra AntiguaO, an ancient Arab gate of the ninth century, a little to the est of the OPuerta #isagra ActualO, hich latter

as not built until 30& The old OPuerta #isagraO is no blocked u(& !t as through this gateay that Alfonso #! entered Toledo& MThe ork is entirely =oorish, of the first (eriod, heavy and sim(le, ith the tri(le arches so delightfully curved in horseshoe sha(e, and the u((er crenelated a(ertures&M 9& Lynch, OToledoO, London, 30Y, (& .X& !ts name is (robably from the Arabic, either from OBb 7haqrO @red gateD or OBb 7harO @field)gateD&5

18ootnote * la del :ambrNn& The Puerta del :ambrNn is one of the three o(en gateays in the outer alls of Toledo to)day& MEntering the city by the Bridge of 7an =artWn, you front the gate of the :ambrNn, so called from the brambles that gre about that small, charming, (innacled edifice, hich as built u(on the s(ot of $amba?s old gate in Alfonso #!?s time, and as then com(letely =oorish in style& !n 3XC it as restored and took on its (resent half renaissance, half classical as(ect&M !b&, (& .&5

18ootnote C* Puente de 7an =artWn& MThe im(osing OPuente de 7an =artWnO, hich s(ans the Tagus to the est of the ton, as built in 3.3. and reneed in 3Y0& !t consists of five arches, that in the center being about 300 ft& in height Each end is guarded by a gate)toer&&&& The gorge of the Tagus here is very im(osing&M Baedeker, O7(ain and PortugalO @303D, (& 30&5

El tiem(o que faltaba (ara em(render el camino de la frontera yconcluir de ordenar las huestes reales, discurrWa en medio de fiestas(_blicas, lujosos convites y lucidos torneos, hasta que, llegada al

fin la vWs(era del dWa seUalado de antemano (or 7&A&135 (ara la salidadel jercito, se dis(uso un (ostrer sarao, con el que debieranterminar los regocijos&

18ootnote 3* 7& A& Abbreviation for 7u AlteIa, ?9is 9ighness,? a title given to the kings of 7(ain don to the Austrian dynasty, and no a((lied to (rinces and regents&5

La noche del sarao, el alcIar135 de los reyes ofrecWa un as(ectosingular& En los anchurosos (atios, alrededor de inmensas hogueras, y



diseminados sin orden ni concierto, se veWa una abigarrada multitud de(ajes, soldados, ballesteros y gente menuda, quienes, stos adereIandosus corceles y sus armas y dis(oniendolos (ara el combateS aqullossaludando con gritos N blasfemias las ines(eradas vueltas de lafortuna, (ersonificad a en los dados del cubilete, los otrosre(itiendo en coro el refrn de un romance de guerra, que entonaba unjuglar acom(aUado de la guIlaS los de ms all com(rando un romero

conchas,1.5 cruces y cintas tocadas en el se(ulcro de 7antiago,1Y5 Nriendo con locas carcajadas de los chistes de un bufNn, N ensayando enlos clarines el aire blico (ara entrar en la (elea, (ro(io de susseUores, N refiriendo antiguas historias de caballerWas N aventuras deamor, N milagros recientemente acaecidos, formaban un infernal yatronador conjunto im(osible de (intar con (alabras&

18ootnote 3* el alcIar& The AlcaIar @Arab, Oal qa`rO, ?the castle?D Mstands on the highest ground in Toledo& The site as originally occu(ied by a +oman ?OcastellumO? hich the #isigoths also used as a citadel& After the ca(ture of the city by Alfonso #! the :id resided here as ?Alcaide&? 8erdinand the 7aint and Alfonso the Learned converted the castle into a (alace, hich as afterards enlarged

and strengthened by -ohn !!, 8erdinand and !sabella, :harles #, and Phili( !!&M @Baedeker, 303, (& 3.D !t has been burned and restored several times& The magnificent staircase is due to :harles #, hose name the AlcaIar sometimes bears&5

18ootnote .* conchas ?shells&? uring the =iddle Ages (ilgrims often ornamented their clothing ith shells, (articularly ith scallo()shells, to indicate doubtless that they had crossed the sea to the 9oly 7hrine in PalestineS for this reason the scallo(s ere knon as M(ilgrim shells&M 7ee the OEncyclo(edia AmericanaO @M7hellMD& According to one of the legends the remains of 7t& -ames ere brought to 7(ain in a scallo()shellS hence the use of that emblem by (ilgrims to his sanctuary&5

18ootnote Y* 7antiago ?7t& -ames,? the (atron saint of 7(ain& A legend of about the telfth century tells us that the remains of 7t& -ames the Greater, son of Kebedee, after he as beheaded in -udea, ere miraculously brought to 7(ain and interred in a s(ot hose hereabouts as not knon until in the ninth century a brilliant star (ointed out the (lace @?cam(us stellae?D& The cathedral of 7antiago de :om(ostela as erected there, and throughout the =iddle Ages it as one of the most (o(ular (ilgrim)resorts in :hristendom&5

7obre aquel revuelto ocano de cantares de guerra, rumor de martillosque gol(eaban los yunques, chirridos de limas que mordWan el acero,(iafar de corceles, voces descom(uestas, risas inetinguibles, gritosdesaforados, notas destem(ladas, juramentos y sonidos etraUos y

discordes, flotaban intervalos como un so(lo de brisa armoniosa loslejanos acordes de la m_sica del sarao&

ste, que tenWa lugar en los salones que formaban el segundo cuer(odel alcIar, ofrecia a su veI un cuadro, si no tan fantastico yca(richoso, ms deslumbrador y magnWfico&

Por las etensas galerWas que se (rolongaban lo lejos formando unintrincado laberinto de (ilastras esbeltas y ojivas caladas y ligerascomo el encaje, (or los es(aciosos salones vestidos de ta(ices, donde



la seda y el oro habWan re(resentado, con mil colores diversos,escenas de amor, de caIa y de guerra, y adornados con trofeos de armasy escudos, sobre los cuales vertWan un mar de chis(eante luI unsinn_mero de lm(aras y candelabros de bronce, (lata y oro, colgadasaqullas de las altWsimas bNvedas, y enclavados stos en los gruesossillares de los murosS (or todas (artes donde se volvWan los ojos,se veWan oscilar y agitarse en distintas direcciones una nube de damas

hermosas con ricas vestiduras, cha(adas en oro, redes de (erlasa(risionando sus riIos, joyas de rubWes llameando sobre su seno,(lumas sujetas en va(oroso cerco un mango de marfil, colgadas del(uUo, y rostrillos de ?blancos encajes, que acariciaban sus mejillas,N alegres turbas de galanes con talabartes de tercio(elo, justillos debrocado y calIas de seda, borceguWes de tafilete, ca(otillos de mangas(erdidas y ca(eruIa, (uUales con (omo de filigrana y estoques decorte, bruUidos, delgados y ligeros&

Pero entre esta juventud brillante y deslumbradora, que los ancianosmiraban desfilar con una sonrisa de goIo, sentados en los altossitiales de alerce que rodeaban el estrado real llamaba la atenciNn(or su belleIa incom(arable, una mujer aclamada reina de la hermosura

en todos los torneos y las cortes de amor de la (oca, cuyos coloreshabWan ado(tado (or emblema los caballeros ms valientesS cuyosencantos eran asunto de las co(las de los trovadores ms versados enla ciencia del gay saberS la que se volvWan con asombro todas lasmiradasS (or la que sus(iraban en secreto todos los coraIones,alrededor de la cual se veWan agru(arse con afn, como vasalloshumildes en torno de su seUora, los ms ilustres vstagos de lanobleIa toledana, reunida en el sarao de aquella noche& Los queasistWan de continuo formar el squito de (resuntos galanes de doUa!ns de Tordesillas, que tal era el nombre de esta celebradahermosura, (esar de su carcter altivo y desdeUoso, no desmayabanjams en sus (retensionesS y ste, animado con una sonrisa que habWacreWdo adivinar en sus labiosS aqul, con una mirada benvola quejuIgaba haber sor(rendido en sus ojosS el otro, con una (alabralisonjera, un ligerWsimo favor N una (romesa remota, cada cuales(eraba en silencio ser el (referido& 7in embargo, entre todos elloshabWa dos que ms (articularmente se distinguWan (or su asiduidad yrendimiento, dos que al (arecer, si no los (redilectos de la hermosa,(odrWan calificarse de los ms adelantados en el camino de su coraINn&Estos dos caballeros, iguales en cuna, valor y nobles (rendas,servidores de un mismo rey y (retendientes de una misma dama,llambanse Alonso de :arrillo el uno, y el otro Lo(e de 7andoval&

Ambos habWan nacido en ToledoS juntos habWan hecho sus (rimeras armas,y en un mismo dWa, al encontrarse sus ojos con los de doUa !ns, sesintieron (oseWdos de un secreto y ardiente amor (or ella, amor quegerminN alg_n tiem(o retraWdo y silencioso, (ero que al cabo comenIaba

descubrirse y dar involuntarias seUales de eistencia en susacciones y discursos&

En los torneos del Kocodover,135 en los juegos florales de la corte,siem(re que se les habWa (resentado coyuntura (ara rivaliIar entre sWen gallardWa N donaire, la habWan a(rovechado con afn amboscaballeros, ansiosos de distinguirse los ojos de su damaS y aquellanoche, im(elidos sin duda (or un mismo afn, trocando los hierros (orlas (lumas y las mallas (or los brocados y la seda, de (ie junto alsitial donde ella se reclinN un instante des(us de haber dado una



vuelta (or los salones, comenIaron una elegante lucha de frasesenamoradas ingeniosas, N e(igramas emboIados y agudos&

18ootnote 3* El Kocodover& A small, quaint, three)cornered (laIa, ith to sides straight and the third curved, surrounded by buildings ith rough arcades shading the sho(s on the ground floor& !t used to be the scene of tournaments and bull)fights, as ell as

being the market)(lace, as it is to)day& MThe life of the city then @after the :hristian conquestD, as no, s(read from the Kocodover, ord of ine(licable charm, said to be Arabian and to signify ?Place of the Beasts&? on the (icturesque archay, cut in dee( yello u(on such a blue as only southern Euro(e can sho at all seasons, a fe ste(s lead you to the squalid ruin here :ervantes sle(t, ate and rote the O!lustre 8regonaO& 7o eactly must it have been in the day :ervantes suffered and smiled, offering to his mild glance just such a retched and romantic front&M 9& Lynch, Oo(& cit&O, ((& 33)3.05

Los astros menores de esta brillante constelaciNn, formando un doradosemicWrculo en torno de ambos galanes, reWan y esforIaban las

delicadas burlasS y la hermosa, objeto de aquel torneo de (alabras,a(robaba con una im(erce(tible sonrisa los conce(tos escogidos Nllenos de intenciNn, que, ora salWan de los labios de sus adoradores,como una ligera onda de (erfume que halagaba su vanidad, ora (artWancomo una saeta aguda que iba buscar (ara clavarse en l, el (untoms vulnerable del contrario, su amor (ro(io&

'a el cortesano combate de ingenio y galanura comenIaba hacerse decada veI ms crudoS las frases eran a_n corteses en la forma, (erobreves, secas, y al (ronunciarlas, si bien las acom(aUaba una ligeradilataciNn de los labios, semejante una sonrisa, los ligerosrelm(agos de los ojos im(osibles de ocultar, demostraban que lacNlera hervWa com(rimida en el seno de ambos rivales&

La situaciNn era insostenible& La dama lo com(rendiN asW, ylevantndose del sitial se dis(onWa volver los salones, cuando unnuevo incidente vino rom(er la valla del res(etuoso comedimiento enque se contenWan los dos jNvenes enamorados& Tal veI con intenciNn,acaso (or descuido, doUa !ns habWa dejado sobre su falda uno de los(erfumados guantes, cuyos botones de oro se entretenWa en arrancar uno uno mientras durN la conversaciNn& Al (onerse de (ie, el guanteresbalN (or entre los anchos (liegues de seda, y cayN en la alfombra&Al verle caer, todos los caballeros que formaban su brillante comitivase inclinaron (resurosos recogerle,135 dis(utndose el honor dealcanIar un leve movimiento de cabeIa en (remio de su galanterWa&

18ootnote 3* le& This use of the accusative OleO instead of OloO,

hen the object is not (ersonal, is sanctioned by the 7(anish Academy& 7ee OGramtica de La Lengua :astellana (or La +eal Academia Es(aUolaO, nueva ediciNn, =adrid, 303, (& ./3&5

Al notar la (reci(itaciNn con que todos hicieron el ademn deinclinarse, una im(erce(tible sonrisa de vanidad satisfecha asomN los labios de la orgullosa doUa !ns, que des(us de hacer un saludogeneral los galanes que tanto em(eUo mostraban en servirla, sinmirar a(enas y con la mirada alta y desdeUosa, tendiN la mano (ararecoger el guante en la direcciNn que se encontraban Lo(e y Alonso,



los (rimeros que (arecWan haber llegado al sitio en que cayera&135 Enefecto, ambos jNvenes habWan visto caer el guante cerca de sus (iesSambos se habWan inclinado con igual (resteIa recogerle,1.5 y alincor(orarse cada cual le1.5 tenWa asido (or un etremo& Al verlosinmNviles, desafindose en silencio con la mirada, y decididos ambos no abandonar el guante que acababan de levantar del suelo, la damadejN esca(ar un grito leve involuntario, que ahogN el murmullo de

los asombrados es(ectadores, los cuales (resentWan una escenaborrascosa, que en el alcIar y en (resencia del rey (odrWacalificarse de un horrible desacato&

18ootnote 3* OcayeraO& 7ee (& 3C, note Y&5

18ootnote .* le& 7ee (& CC, note 3&5

"o obstante, Lo(e y Alonso (ermanecWan im(asibles, mudos, midindosecon los ojos, de la cabeIa los (ies, sin que la tem(estad de susalmas se revelase ms que (or un ligero temblor nervioso, que agitabasus miembros como si se hallasen acometidos de una re(entina fiebre&

Los murmullos y las eclamaciones iban subiendo de (untoS la gentecomenIaba agru(arse en torno de los actores de la escenaS doUa !ns,N aturdida N com(lacindose en (rolongarla, daba vueltas de un lado otro, como buscando donde refugiarse y evitar las miradas de la gente,que cada veI acudWa en mayor n_mero& La catstrofe era ya seguraS losdos jNvenes habWan ya cambiado algunas (alabras en voI sorda, ymientras que con la una mano sujetaban el guante con una fuerIaconvulsiva, (arecWan ya buscar instintivamente con la otra el (uUo deoro de sus dagas, cuando se entreabriN res(etuosamente el gru(o queformaban los es(ectadores, y a(areciN el +ey&

7u frente estaba serenaS ni habWa indignaciNn en su rostro, ni cNleraen su ademn&

TendiN una mirada alrededor, y esta sola mirada fu bastante (aradarle conocer lo que (asaba& :on toda la galanterWa del doncel mscum(lido, tomN el guante de las manos de los caballeros que, comomovidas (or un resorte, se abrieron sin dificultad al sentir elcontacto de la del monarca, y volvindose doUa !ns de Tordesillasque, a(oyada en el braIo de una dueUa,135 (arecWa (rNima desmayarse, eclamN, (resentndolo, con acento, aunque tem(lado,firme*

18ootnote 3* dueUa ?duenna,? an elderly oman ho occu(ies a (osition miday beteen that of governess and com(anion to young 7(anish omen&5

))Tomad, seUora, y cuidad de no dejarle135 caer en otra ocasiNn, dondeal devolvrosle,1.5 os lo devuelvan manchado en sangre&

18ootnote 3* le& 7ee (& CC, note 3&5

18ootnote .* le& 7ee (& CC, note 3&5

:uando el rey terminN de decir estas (alabras, doUa !ns, noacertaremos decir si im(ulsos de la emociNn, N (or salir msairosa del (aso, se habWa desvanecido en braIos de los que la



rodeaban&

Alonso y Lo(e, el uno estrujando en silencio entre sus manos elbirrete de tercio(elo, cuya (luma arrastraba (or la alfombra, y elotro mordindose los labios hasta hacerse brotar la sangre, seclavaron una mirada tenaI intensa&

;na mirada en aquel lance equivalWa un bofetNn, un guante arrojadoal rostro, un desafWo muerte&

!!

Al llegar la media noche, los reyes se retiraron su camara& TerminNel sarao y los curiosos de la (lebe que aguardaban con im(acienciaeste momento, formando gru(os y corrillos en las avenidas del (alacio,corrieron estacionarse en la cuesta del alcIar,135 los miradores1.5

y el Kocodover&

18ootnote 3* la cuesta del alcIar& This is the name of the street that leads from the Kocodover u( to the height on hich is situated the AlcaIar @see (& C3, note YD&5

18ootnote .* miradores& 7ee (& 3 note .&5

urante una N dos horas, en las calles inmediatas estos (untos reinNun bullicio, una animaciNn y un movimiento indescri(tibles& Por todas(artes se veWan cruIar escuderos caracoleando en sus corcelesricamente enjaeIadosS reyes de armas con lujosas casullas llenas deescudos y blasones* timbaleros vestidos de colores vistosos, soldadoscubiertos de armaduras res(landecientes, (ajes con ca(otillos detercio(elo y birretes coronados de (lumas, y servidores de (ie que(recedWan las lujosas literas y las andas cubiertas de ricos (aUos,llevando en sus manos grandes hachas encendidas, cuyo rojiIores(landor (odWa verse la multitud, que con cara atNnita, labiosentreabiertos y ojos es(antados, miraba desfilar con asombro todo lomejor de la nobleIa castellana, rodeada en aquella ocasiNn de unfausto y un es(lendor fabulosos&

Luego, (oco (oco fu cesando el ruido y la animaciNnS los vidrios decolores de las altas ojivas del (alacio dejaron de brillarS atravesN(or entre los a(iUados gru(os la _ltima cabalgataS la gente del (ueblo su veI comenIN dis(ersarse en todas direcciones, (erdindose entrelas sombras del enmaraUado laberinto de calles obscuras, estrechas y

torcidas,135 y ya no turbaba el (rofundo silencio de la noche ms queel grito lejano de vela de alg_n guerrero, el rumor de los (asos dealg_n curioso que se retiraba el _ltimo, N el ruido que (roducWan lasaldabas de algunas (uertas al cerrarse, cuando en lo alto de laescalinata que conducWa la (lataforma del (alacio a(areciN uncaballero, el cual, des(us de tender la vista (or todos lados comobuscando alguien que debWa es(erarle, descendiN lentamente hasta lacuesta del alcIar, (or la que se dirigie hacia el Kocodover&

18ootnote 3* torcidas& 7ee (& 0, note .&5



Al llegar la (laIa de ste nombre se detuvo un momento, y volviN (asear la mirada su alrededor& La noche estaba obscuraS no brillabauna sola estrella en el cielo, ni en toda la (laIa se veWa una solaluIS no obstante, all lo lejos, y en la misma direcciNn en quecomenIN (ercibirse un ligero ruido como de (asos que ibana(roimndose, creyN distinguir el bulto de un hombre* era sin duda el

mismo quien (arecWa135 aguardaba con tanta im(aciencia&

18ootnote 3* (arecWa is (arenthetic in sense as used here&5

El caballero que acababa de abandonar el alcIar (ara dirigirse alKocodover era Alonso :arrillo, que en raINn al (uesto de honor quedesem(eUaba cerca de la (ersona del rey, habWa tenido que acom(aUarleen su cmara hasta aquellas horas& El que saliendo de entre lassombras de los arcos135 que rodean la (laIa vino reunWrsele, Lo(e de7andoval& :uando los dos caballeros se hubieron reunido, cambiaronalgunas frases en voI baja&

18ootnote 3* arcos& 7ee (& C/, note 3&5

))PresumW que me aguardabas, dijo el uno&

))Es(eraba que lo (resumirWas, contesto el otro&

))' dNnde iremosR

)) cualquiera (arte en que se (uedan hallar cuatro (almos de terrenodonde revolverse, y un rayo de claridad que nos alumbre&

Terminado este brevWsimo dilogo, los dos jNvenes se internaron (oruna de las estrechas calles que desembocan en el Kocodover,desa(areciendo en la obscuridad como esos fantasmas de la noche, quedes(us de aterrar un instante al que los ve, se deshacen en tomos deniebla y se confunden en el seno de las sombras&

Largo rato anduvieron dando vueltas travs de las calles de Toledo,buscando un lugar (ro(Nsito (ara terminar sus diferenciasS (ero laobscuridad de la noche era tan (rofunda, que el duelo (arecWaim(osible& "o obstante, ambos deseaban batirse, y batirse antes querayase el albaS (ues al amanecer debWan (artir las huestes reales, yAlonso con ellas& Prosiguieron, (ues, cruIando al aIar (laIasdesiertas, (asadiIos sombrWos, callejones estrechos y tenebrosos,hasta que (or _ltimo, vieron brillar lo lejos una luI, una luI(equeUa y moribunda, en torno de la cual la niebla formaba un cerco declaridad fantstica y dudosa&

9abWan llegado la calle del :risto,135 y la luI que se divisaba enuno de sus etremes (arecWa ser la del farolillo que alumbraba enaquella (oca, y alumbra a_n, la imagen que le da su nombre& Alverla, ambos dejaron esca(ar una eclamaciNn de j_bilo, y a(resurandoel (aso en su direcciNn, no tardaron mucho en encontrarse junto alretablo en que ardWa& ;n arco rehundido en el muro, en el fondo delcual se veWa la imagen del +edentor enclavado en la cruI y con unacalavera al (ieS un tosco cobertiIo de tablas que lo defendWa de laintem(erie, y el (equeUo farolillo colgado de una cuerda que loiluminaba dbilmente, vacilando al im(ulse del aire, formaban todo el



retablo, alrededor del cual colgaban algunos festones de hiedra quehabWan crecido entre los obscuros y rotos sillares, formando unaes(ecie de (abellNn de verdura&

18ootnote 3* la calle del :risto& The street mentioned here is one knon u( to the year 34C/ as Ola :alle del :risto de la :alaveraO or Ola :alle de la :alaveraO, but hich bears to)day the name of Ola

:uesta del PeIO& !t terminates near a little square hich is called to)day OPlaIuela de Abdon de PaIO, but hich earlier bore the name of OPlaIuela de la :ruI de la :alaveraO& =iraculous tales are related of several of the images of :hrist in Toledo, of the O:risto de la LuIO, of the O:risto de la #egaO, and others, as ell as of the image e have to deal ith here&5

Los caballeros, des(us de saludar res(etuosamente la imagen de:risto, quitndose los birretes y murmurando en voI baja una cortaoraciNn, reconocieron el terreno con una ojeada, echaron tierra susmantos, y a(ercibindose mutuamente (ara el combate y dndose la seUalcon un leve movimiento de cabeIa, cruIaron los estoques& Pero a(enasse habWan tocado los aceros y antes que ninguno de los combatientes

hubiese (odido dar un solo (aso N intentar un gol(e, la luI sea(agN135 de re(ente y la calle quedN sumida en la obscuridad ms(rofunda& :omo guiados de un mismo (ensamiento y al verse rodeados dere(entinas tinieblas, los dos combatientes dieron un (aso atrs,bajaron al suelo las (untas de sus es(adas y levantaron los ojos haciael farolillo, cuya luI, momentos antes a(agada, volviN brillar denuevo al (unto en que hicieron ademn de sus(ender la (elea&

18ootnote 3* la luI se a(agN& Es(ronceda describes effectively a similar miraculous etinguishing and relighting of a lam( before a shrine, in Part !# of his OEstudiante de 7alamancaO*

La moribunda lm(ara que ardWa Trmula lanIa su (ostrer fulgor, ' en honda obscuridad, noche sombrWa La misteriosa calle enca(otN&

Al (ronunciar tan insolente ultraje La lm(ara del :risto se encendiN* ' una mujer velada en blanco traje, Ante la imagen de rodillas viN&

' al rostro la acerca, que el cndido lino Encubre, con nimo asaI descortsS =as la luI a(aga viento re(entino, ' la blanca dama se (uso de (ie& 5

))7er alguna rfaga de aire que ha abatido la llama al (asar, eclamN:arrillo volviendo (onerse en guardia, y (reviniendo con una voI Lo(e, que (arecWa (reocu(ado&

Lo(e diN un (aso adelante (ara recu(erar el terreno (erdido, tendiN elbraIo y los aceros se tocaron otra veIS mas al tocarse, la luI setornN a(agar (or sW misma, (ermaneciendo asW mientras no sese(araron los estoques&



))En verdad que esto es etraUo, murmurN Lo(e mirando al farolillo,que es(ontaneamente habia vuelto encenderse, y se mecWa con lentituden el aire, derramando una claridad trmula y etraUa sobre elamarillo craneo de la calavera colocada a los (ies de :risto&

))\BahQ dijo Alonso, ser que la beata encargada de cuidar del faroldel retablo sisa los devotos y escasea el aceite, (or lo cual la

luI, (roima morir, luce y se obscurece intervalos en seUal deagonWaS y dichas estas (alabras, el im(etuoso joven tornN colocarseen actitud de defensa& 7u contrario le imitNS (ero esta veI, no tansNlo volviN rodearlos una sombra es(esisima im(enetrable, sino queal mismo tiem(o hiriN sus oWdos el eco (rofundo de una voI misteriosa,semejante esos largos gemidos del vendaval que (arece que se queja yarticula (alabras al correr a(risionado (or las torcidas, estrechas ytenebrosas calles de Toledo&

>ue dijo aquella voI medrosa y sobrehumana, nunca (udo saberseS (eroal oirla ambos jNvenes se sintieron (oseWdos de tan (rofundo terror,que las es(adas se esca(aron de sus manos, el cabello se les eriIN, y(or sus cuer(os, que estremecWa un temblor involuntario, y (or sus

frentes (lidas y descom(uestas, comenIN correr un sudor frWo comoel de la muerte&

La luI, (or tercera veI a(agada, (or tercera veI volviN resucitar, ylas tinieblas se disi(aron&

))\AhQ eclamN Lo(e al ver su contrario entonces, y en otros dWas sumejor amigo, asombrado como l, y como l (lido inmNvilS ios noquiere (ermitir este combate, (orque es una lucha fratricidaS (orqueun combate entre nosotros ofende al cielo, ante el cual nos hemosjurado cien veces una amistad eterna& ' esto diciendo se arrojN en losbraIos de Alonso, que le estrechN entre los suyos con una fuerIa y unaefusiNn indecibles&

!!!

Pasados algunos minutos, durante los cuales ambos jovenes se dierontoda clase de muestras de amistad y cariUo, Alonso tomN la (alabra, ycon acento conmovido a_n (or la escena que acabamos de referir,eclamN, dirigiendose su amigo*

))Lo(e, yo se que amas doUa !nsS ignoro si tanto como yo, (ero laamas& Puesto que un duelo entre nosotros es im(osible, resolvmonos

encomendar nuestra suerte en sus manos& #amos en su buscaS que elladecida con libre albedrWo cul ha de ser el dichoso, cul el infeliI&7u decisiNn ser res(etada (or ambos, y el que no mereIca sus favoresmaUana saldr con el rey de Toledo, ir buscar el consuelo delolvido en la agitaciNn de la guerra&

))Pues t_ lo quieres, seaS contestN Lo(e&

' el uno a(oyado en el braIo del otro, los dos amigos se dirigieronhacia la catedral,135 en cuya (laIa,1.5 y en un (alacio del que ya no



quedan ni a_n los restos, habitaba doUa !ns de Tordesillas&

18ootnote 3* la catedral& 7ee (& , note 3&5

18ootnote .* (laIa& There is a small square in front of the cathedral, called to)day the OPlaIa deO @or OdelOD OAyuntamientoO&5

Estaba (unto de rayar el alba, y como algunos de los deudos de doUa!ns, sus hermanos entre ellos, marchaban al otro dWa con el ejrcitoreal, no era im(osible que en las (rimeras horas de la maUana (udiesen(enetrar en su (alacio&

Animados con esta es(eranIa, llegaron, en fin, al (ie de la gNticatorre135 del tem(loS mas al llegar aquel (unto, un ruido (articularllamN su atenciNn, y detenindose en uno de los ngulos, ocultos entrelas sombras de los altos machones que flanquean los muros, vieron, nosin grande asombro, abrirse el balcNn del (alacio de su dama, a(areceren l un hombre que se desliIN hasta el suelo con la ayuda de unacuerda, y, (or _ltimo, una forma blanca, doUa !ns sin duda, queinclinndose sobre el calado ante(echo, cambiN algunas tiernas frases

de des(edida con su misterioso galn&

18ootnote 3* la gotica torre& 7ee (& , note i&5

El (rimer movimiento de los dos jNvenes fu llevar las manos al (uUode sus es(adasS (ero detenindose como heridos de una idea s_bita,volvieron los ojos mirarse, y se hubieron de encontrar con una carade asombro tan cNmica, que ambos (rorrum(ieron en una ruidosacarcajada, carcajada que, re(itindose de eco en el silencio de lanoche, resonN en toda la (laIa y llego hasta el (alacio&

Al oirla, la forma blanca desa(areciN del balcNn, se escuchN el ruidode las (uertas que se cerraron con violencia, y todo volviN quedaren silencio&

Al dWa siguiente, la reina, colocada en un estrado lujosWsimo, veWadesfilar las huestes que marchaban la guerra de moros, teniendo sulado las damas ms (rinci(ales de Toledo& Entre ellas estaba doUa !nsde Tordesillas, en la que aquel dWa, como siem(re, se fijaban todoslos ojosS (ero seg_n ella le (arecWa advertir, con diversa e(resiNnque la de costumbre& iriase que en todas las curiosas miradas que ella se volvWan, retoIaba una sonrisa burlona&

Este descubrimiento no dejaba de inquietarla algo, sobre todo teniendoen cuenta las ruidosas carcajadas que la noche anterior habWa creWdo(ercibir lo lejos y en uno de los ngulos de la (laIa, cuandocerraba el balcNn y des(edia su amanteS (ero al mirar a(arecer entre

las filas de los combatientes, que (asaban (or debajo del estradolanIando chis(as de fuego de sus brillantes armaduras, y envueltos enuna nube de (olvo, los (endones reunidos de las casas de :arrillo y7andovalS al ver la significativa sonrisa que al saludar la reina ledirigieron los dos antiguos rivales que cabalgaban juntos, todo loadivinN, y la (_r(ura de la vergênIa enrojeciN su frente, y brillN ensus ojos una lgrima de des(echo&



EL BE7%

!

:uando una (arte del ejrcito francs se a(odero (rinci(ios de estesiglo135 de la historica Toledo,1.5 sus jefes, que no ignoraban el(eligro que se e(onWan en las (oblaciones es(aUolas diseminndoseen alojamientos se(arados, comenIaron (or habilitar (ara cuarteles losms grandes y mejores edificios de la ciudad&

18ootnote 3* una (arte&&& siglo& The 8rench armies of "a(oleon entered 7(ain in 3404& -ose(h Bona(arte as declared king, but the o((osition of 7(ain as most heroic, and in 343/ the 8rench ere e(elled& They made great havoc in Toledo, here among other desecrations they burned the AlcaIar @no restoredD and the convent church of 7an -uan de los +eyes&5

18ootnote .* Toledo& 7ee (& 0, note .&5

es(us de ocu(ado el suntuoso alcIar135 de :arlos #, 18ootnote*.5echNse mano de la casa de :onsejosS1Y5 y cuando sta no (udo contenerms gente, comenIaron invadir el asilo de las comunidadesreligiosas, acabando la (ostre (or transformar en cuadras hasta lasiglesias consagradas al culto& En esta conformidad se encontraban lascosas en la (oblaciNn donde tuvo lugar el suceso que voy referir,cuando, una noche, ya hora hastante avanIada, envueltos en susobscures ca(otes de guerra y ensordeciendo las estrechas y solitariascalles que conducen desde la Puerta del 7ol1/5 Kocodover,15 con elchoque de sus armas y el ruidoso gol(ear de los cascos de sus corcelesque sacaban chis(as de los (edernales, entraron en la ciudad hastaunos cien dragones de aquellos altos, arrogantes y fornidos, de quetodavWa nos hablan con admiraciNn nuestras abuelas&

18ootnote 3* alcIar& 7ee (& C3, note Y&5

18ootnote .* :arlos #& :harles #, the son of Phili( of Burgundy by -oanna @daughter of 8erdinand and !sabellaD, and grandson of the em(eror =aimilian 3, as bom at Ghent, 8landers, 8ebruary ./,300, and died in the monastery of 'uste, Estremadura, 7(ain, 7e(tember .3, 34& 9e became king of 7(ain @as :harles 3D in 33C, and em(eror in 3.0& !n 3C he abdicated the government of the former in favor of his son Phili( !!, and of the latter in favor of his brother 8erdinand !&5

18ootnote Y* la casa de :onsejos& The O:asa deO :onsejos @?:ity 9all?D, O:asa :onsistorialO, or OAyuntamientoO, by hich various names it is knon, is a building erected in the fifteenth century and remodeled in the seventeenth& !t has a handsome Greco)+oman faàde in striking? contrast ith the Gothic architecture of the cathedral, hich stands u(on the same (laIa @see (& XY, note .D&5

18ootnote /* la Puerta del 7ol& A charming old =oorish gateay ith horseshoe arches beteen to toers, built about 3300, and recently restored& !t is one of the most im(ressive and beautiful of Toledo?s



monuments&5

18ootnote * Kocodover& 7ee (& C/, note 3&5

=andaba la fuerIa un oficial bastante joven, el cual iba como distancia de unos treinta (asos de su gente hablando media voI conotro, tambin militar lo que (odWa colegirse (or su traje& ste, que

caminaba (ie delante de su interlocutor, llevando en la mano unfarolillo, (arecWa servirle de guWa (or entre aquel laberinto decalles obscuras, enmaraUadas y revueltas&

)):on verdad, decWa el jinete su acom(aUante, que si el alojamientoque se nos (re(ara es tal y como me lo (intas, casi casi serWa(referible arrancharnos en el cam(o N en medio de una (laIa&

))' qu queris, mi ca(itnR contestNle el guWa que efectivamente eraun sargento a(osentadorS en el alcIar no cabe ya un grano de trigocuanto mas un hombreS de 7an -uan de los +eyes135 no digamos, (orquehay celda de fraile en la que duermen quince h_sares& El convento donde voy conduciros no era mal local, (ero har cosa de tres N

cuatro dWas nos cayN aquW como de las nubes ima de las columnasvolantes que recorren la (rovincia, y gracias que hemos (odidoconseguir que se amontonen (or los claustros y dejen libre la iglesia&

18ootnote 3* 7an -uan de los +eyes& This convent as founded in 3/XC by 8erdinand and !sabella, ho meant it to be their burial)(lace, and as dedicated to their (atron saint -ohn the Ba(tist& MAfter the ca(ture of Granada in 3/. and the foundation of the royal mausoleum there, the chief object of 7an -uan disa((eared and the building as (rotracted till the seventeenth century& Thus the edifice, begun in the late Gothic style, shos a strong leaning toards the forms of the +enaissance& The interior as much damaged by the 8rench in 3404&M Baedeker?s O7(ainO @303D, (& 3/X&5

))En fin, eclamN el oficial des(us de un corto silencio y comoresignndose con el etraUo alojamiento que la casualidad lede(araba,))ms vale incNmodo que ninguno& e todas maneras, si llueve,que no ser dificil seg_n se agru(an las nubes, estaremos cubierto yalgo es algo&

!nterrum(ida la conversaciNn en este (unto, los jinetes, (recedidosdel guWa, siguieron en silencio el camino adelante hasta llegar una(laIuela, en cuyo fondo se destacaba la negra silueta del convento consu torre morisca, su cam(anario de es(adaUa, su c_(ula ojival y sustejados de crestas desiguales y obscuras&

))9e aquW vuestro alojamiento, eclamN el a(osentador al divisarle y

dirigindose al ca(itn, que des(us que hubo mandado hacer alto latro(a, ecbN (ie tierra, tomN el farolillo de manos del guWa, y sedirigiN hacia el (unto que este le seUalaba&

:omo quiera que la iglesia del convento estaba com(letamentedesmantelada, los soldados que ocu(aban el resto del edificio habWancreWdo que las (uertas le eran ya (oco menos que in_tiles, y untablero hoy, otro maUana, habWan ido arrancandolas (edaIo (edaIo(ara hacer hogueras con que calentarse (or las noches&



"uestro joven oficial no tuvo, (ues, que torcer 9aves ni descorrercerrojos (ara (enetrar en el interior del tem(lo&

la luI del farolillo, cuya dudosa claridad se (erdWa entre lases(esas sombras de las naves y dibujaba con gigantescas (ro(orcionessobre el muro la fantstica sombra del sargento a(osentador que iba(recedindole, recorriN la iglesia de arriba abajo y escudriUN una (or

una todas sus desiertas ca(illas, hasta que una veI hecho cargo dellocal, mandN echar (ie tierra su gente, y hombres y caballosrevueltos, fu acomodndola como mejor (udo&

7eg_n dejamos dicho, la iglesia estaba com(letamente desmanteladaS enel altar mayor (endWan a_n de las alias cornisas los rotos jirones delvelo con que le habWan cubierto los religiosos al abandonar aquelrecintoS diseminados (or las naves veianse algunos retablos adosadosal muro, sin imgenes en las hornacinasS en el coro se ?dibujaban conun ribete de luI los etraUos (erfiles de la obscura sillerWa dealerceS en el (avimento, destroIado en varies (untos, distinguWansea_n anchas losas se(ulcrales llenas de timbres, escudos y largasinscri(ciones gNticasS y all lo lejos, en el fondo de las

silenciosas ca(illas y lo largo del crucero, se destacabanconfusamente entre la obscuridad, semejantes blancos inmNvilesfantasmas, las estatuas de (iedra que, unas tendidas, otras de hinojossobre el mrmol de sus tumbas, (arecWan ser los _nicos habitantes delruinoso edificio&

cualquiera otro menos molido que el oficial de dragones, el cualtraWa una jornada de catorce leguas en el cuer(o, N menos acostumbrado ver estos sacrilegios como la cosa ms natural del mundo, hubiranlebastado dos adarmes de imaginaciNn (ara no (egar los ojos en toda lanoche en aquel obscuro im(onente recinto, donde las blasfemias delos soldados que se quejaban en alta voI del im(rovisado cuartel, elmetlico gol(e de sus es(uelas que resonaban sobre las antes losasse(ulcrales del navimento, el ruido de los caballos que (iafabanim(acientes, cabeceando y haciendo sonar las cadenas con que estabansujetos los (ilares, formaban un rumor etraUo y temeroso que sedilataba (or todo el mbito de la iglesia y se re(roducWa cada veI msconfuso re(etido de eco en eco en sus alias bNvedas&

Pero nuestro hroe, aunque joven, estaba ya tan familiariIado conestas (eri(ecias de la vida de cam(aUa, que a(enas hubo acomodado sugente, mandN colocar un saco de forraje al (ie de la grada del(resbiterio, y arrebujndose como mejor (udo en su ca(ote y echando lacabeIa en el escalNn, los cinco minutos roncaba con ms tranquilidadque el mismo rey -os135 en su (alacio de =adrid&1.5

18ootnote 3* rey -os& -ose(h Bona(ort& 7ee (& XC, note 3&5

18ootnote .* =adrid& The ca(ital of 7(ain and of the (rovince of =adrid, situated on the =anIanares, and nearly in the geogra(hical center of 7(ain& Po(ulation some /0,000& The royal (alace, begun in 3XYX, is an im(osing rectangular structure on a lofty terrace overlooking the =anIanares&5

Los soldados, haciendose almohadas de las monturas, imitaron suejem(lo, y (oco (oco fu a(agndose el murmullo de sus voces&



la media hora sNlo se oWan los ahogados gemidos del aire que entraba(or las rotas vidrieras de las ojivas del tem(lo, el atolondradorevolotear de las aves nocturnas que tenWan sus nidos en el dosel de(iedra de las esculturas d los muros, y el alternado rumor de los(asos del vigilante que se (aseaba envuelto en los anchos (liegues desu ca(ote, lo largo del (Nrtico&

!!

En la (oca que se remonta la relaciNn de esta historia, tanverWdica como etraordinaria, lo mismo que al (resente, (ara los queno sabWan a(reciar los tesoros del arte que encierran sus muros laciudad de Toledo no era mas que un (oblacNn destartalado, antiguo,ruinoso insufrible&

Los oficiales del ejrcito francs, que juIgar (or los actos de

vandalismo135 con que dejaron en ella triste y (erdurable memoria desu ocu(aciNn, de todo tenWan menos de artistas N arqueNlogos, no hay(ara que decir que se fastidiaban soberanamente en la vetusta ciudadde los :sares&1.5

18ootnote 3* vandalismo& 7ee (& XC, note 3&5

18ootnote .* ciudad de los :sares& 7ee (& 0, note ., and (& ., note 3&5

En esta situaciNn de nimo, la ms insignificante novedad que viniese rom(er la monNtona quietud de aquellos dWas eternos iguales, eraacogida con avideI entre los ociososS asW es que la (romociNn al gradoinmediato de uno de sus camaradas, la noticia del movimientoestratgico de una columna volante, la salida de un correo degabinete, N la llegada de una fuerIa cualquiera la ciudad,convertWanse en tema fecundo de conversaciNn y objeto de toda clase decomentarios, hasta tanto que otro incidente venWa sustituirle,135sirviendo de base nuevas quejas, crWticas y su(osiciones&

18ootnote 3* sustituirle& 7ee (& CC, note 3&5

:omo era de es(erar, entre los oficiales que, seg_n tenWan decostumbre, acudieron al dWa siguiente tomar el sol y charlar unrato en el Kocodover, no se hiIo (latillo de otra cosa que de lallegada de los dragones, cuyo jefe dejamos en el anterior ca(Wtulodurmiendo (ierna suelta y descansando de las fatigas de su viaje&

:erca de una hora hacWa que la conversaciNn giraba alrededor de esteasunto, y ya comenIaba inter(retarse de diversos modos la ausenciadel recin venido, quien uno de los (resentes, antiguo com(aUerosuyo de colegio, habia citado (ara el Kocodover, cuando en una de lasboca)calles de la (laIa a(areciN al fin nuestro biIarro ca(itndes(ojado de su ancho ca(otNn de guerra, luciendo un gran casco demetal con (enacho de (lumas blancas, una casaca aIul turquW convueltas rojas y un magnWfico mandoble con vaina de acero, que resonabaarrastrndose al com(s de sus marciales (asos y del gol(e seco yagudo de sus es(uelas de oro&



A(enas le viN su camarada, saliN su encuentro (ara saludarle, y conl se adelantaron casi todos los que la saINn se encontraban en elcorrilloS en quienes habWan des(ertado la curiosidad y la gana deconocerle, los (ormenores que ya habWan oWdo referir acerca de sucarcter original y etraUo&

es(us de los estrechos abraIos de costumbre y de las eclamaciones,(lcemes y (reguntas de rigor en estas entrevistasS des(us de hablarlargo y tendido sobre las novedades que andaban (or =adrid, la variafortuna de la guerra y los amigotes muertos N ausentes, rodando de unoen otro asunto la conversaciNn, vino (arar al tema obligado, estoes, las (enalidades del servicio, la falta de distracciones de laciudad y el inconveniente de los alojamientos&

Al llegar este (unto, uno de los de la reuniNn que, (or lo visto,tenWa noticia del mal talante con que el joven oficial se habWaresignado acomodar su gente en la abandonada iglesia, le dijo conaire de Iumba*

))' (ro(Nsito de alojamiento, qu tal se ha (asado la noche en elque ocu(isR

))9a habido de todo, contestN el inter(eladoS (ues si bien es verdadque no he dormido gran cosa, el origen de mi vigilia merece la (ena dela velada& El insomnio junto una mujer bonita no es seguramente el(eor de los males&

))\;na mujerQ re(itiN su interlocutor como admirndose de la buenafortuna del recin venidoS eso es lo que se llama llegar y besar elsanto&

))7er tal veI alg_n antiguo amor de la corte que le sigue Toledo(ara hacerle ms so(ortable el ostracismo, aUadiN otro de los delgru(o&

))\%hQ no, dijo entonces el ca(itnS nada menos que eso& -uro, fe dequien soy, que no la conocWa y que nunca creW hallar tan bella (atronaen tan incNmNdo alojamiento& Es todo lo que se llama una verdaderaaventura&

))\:ontadlaQ \contadlaQ eclamaron en coro los oficiales que rodeabanal ca(itnS y como ste se dis(usiera hacerlo asW, todos (restaronla mayor atenciNn sus (alabras, mientras l comenIN la historia enestos terminos*

))ormWa esta noche (asada como duerme un hombre que trae en el cuer(o

trece135 leguas de camino, cuando he aquW que en lo mejor del sueUo mehiIo des(ertar sobresaltado incor(orarme sobre el codo un estruendohorrible, un estruendo tal, que me ensordeciN un instante (ara dejarmedes(us los oWdos Iumbando cerca de un minuto, como si un moscardNn mecantase la oreja&

18ootnote 3* trece ?thirteen&? %ur author has told us on (& X that it as catorce @?fourteen?D&5

:omo os habrs figurado, la causa de mi susto era el (rimer gol(e que



oWa de esa endiablada cam(ana gorda,135 es(ecie de sochantre debronce, que los canNnigos de Toledo han colgado en su catedral con ellaudable (ro(Nsito de matar disgustos a los necesitados de re(oso&

18ootnote 3* cam(ana gorda ?great bell&? The famous O:am(ana GordaO, eighing nearly to tons, as cast by Alejandro Gargollo in 3XY& !t hangs in the cathedral toer surrounded by eight other

bells, and surmounted by to more&5

+enegando entre dientes de la cam(ana y del cam(anero que la toca,dis(onWame, una veI a(agado aquel insNlito y temeroso rumor, cogernuevamente el hilo del interrum(ido sueUo, cuando vino herir miimaginaciNn y ofrecerse ante mis ojos una cosa etraordinaria& ladudosa luI de la luna que entraba en el tem(lo (or el estrecho ajimeIdel muro de la ca(illa mayor, vW una mujer arrodillada junto al altar&

Los oficiales se miraron ntre sW con e(resion entre asombrada incrdulaS el ca(itn, sin atender al efecto que su narraciNn(roducWa, continuN de este modo*

))"o (odis figuraros nada semejante aquella nocturna y fantsticavisiNn que se dibujaba confusamente en la (enumbra de la ca(illa comoesas virgenes (intadas en los vidrios de colores que habris vistoalguna veI destacarse lo lejos, blancas y luminosas, sobre elobscuro fondo de las catedrales&

7u rostro ovalado, en donde se veWa im(reso el sello de una leve yes(iritual demacraciNn, sus armoniosas facciones llenas de una suave ymelancNlica dulIuraS su intensa (alideI, las (urisimas lWneas de sucontorno esbelto, su ademn re(osado y noble, su traje blanco yflotante, me traWan la memoria esas mujeres que yo soUaba cuandocasi era un niUo& \:astas y celestes imgenes, quimrico objeto delvago amor de la adolescenciaQ 'o me creWa juguete de una alucinaciNn,y sin quitarle un (unto los ojos, ni a_n osaba res(irar, temiendo queun so(lo desvaneciese el encanto& Ella (ermanecWa inmNvil&

Antojbaseme al verla tan difana y luminosa que no era una criaturaterrenal, sino un es(Writu que, revistiendo (or un instante la formahumana, habWa descendido en el rayo de la luna, dejando en el aire yen (os de sW la aIulada estela que desde el alto ajimeI bajabaverticalmente hasta el (ie del o(uesto muro, rom(iendo la obscurasombra de aquel recinto lNbrego y misterioso&

))Pero &&& eclamN interrum(indole su camarada de colegio, que,comenIando (or echar broma la historia, habWa concluidointeresndose con su relato* cNmo estaba allW aquella mujerR "ola135 dijiste nadaR "o te e(licN su (resencia en aquel sitioR


))"o me determin hablarla,135 (orque estaba seguro de que no habWade contestarme, ni verme ni oirme&


))Era sordaR



))Era ciegaR

))Era mudaR eclamaron un tiem(o tres N cuatro de los queescuchaban la relaciNn&

))Lo era todo la veI, eclame al fin el ca(itn des(us de unmomento de (ausaS (orque era&&& de mrmol& Al oir el estu(endo

desenlace de tan etraiWa aventura, cuantos habWa en el corro(rorrum(ieron en una ruidosa carcajada, mientras uno de ellos dijo alnarrador de la (eregrina historia, que era el _nico que (ermanecWacallado y en una grave actitud*

))\Acabramos de una veIQ Lo que es de ese gnero, tengo yo ms de unmillar, un verdadero serrallo, en 7an -uan de los +eyesS serrallo quedesde ahora (ongo vuestra dis(osiciNn, ya que, lo que (arece,tanto os da de una mujer de carne como de (iedra&

))\%hQ no &&& continuN el ca(itn, sin alterarse en lo ms mWnimo (orlas carcajadas de sus com(aUeros* estoy seguro de que no (ueden sercomo la mWa& La mWa es una verdadera dama castellana que (or un

milagro de la escultura (arece que no la han enterrado en un se(ulcro,sino que a_n (ermanece en cuer(o y alma de hinojos sobre la losa quele cubre, inmNvil, con las manos juntas en ademan su(licante,sumergida en un tasis de mWstico amor&

))e tal modo te e(licas, que acabars (or (robarnos la verosimilitudde la fbula de Galatea&135

18ootnote 3* Galatea& !n the story told by %vid @O=et&O & ./YD Pygmalion, king of :y(rus, conceived an aversion to omen, and devoted himself to art, but having made in ivory a lovely statue of a oman he became enamored of it, and at his request A(hrodite endoed it ith life& This beautiful oman, Galatea, became his ife, and bore him a son called Pa(hos, founder of the city of that name in :y(rus&5

))Por mi (arte, (uedo deciros que siem(re la creW una locuraS masdesde anoche comienIo com(render la (asiNn del escultor griego&

))adas las es(eciales condiciones de tu nueva dama, creo que, notendrs inconveniente en (resentarnos ella& e mW s decir que ya novivo hasta ver esa maravilla& Pero &&& qu diantres te (asaR &&&dirWase que esquivas la (resentaciNn& \-Q \jQ \jQ Bonito fuera queya te tuviramos hasta celoso&

)):eloso, se a(resurN decir el ca(itn, celoso &&& de los hombres no&&& mas ved, sin embargo, hasta donde llega mi etravagancia& -unto

la imagen de esa mujer, tambin de mrmol, grave y al (arecer con vidacomo ella, hay un guerrero, &&& su marido sin duda&&&& Pues bien &&&lo voy decir todo, aunque os mofis de mi necedad &&& si no hubieratemido que me tratasen de loco, creo que ya lo habrWa hecho cien veces(edaIos&

;na nueva y a_n ms ruidosa carcajada de los oficiales saludN estaoriginal revelaciNn del estrambNtico enamorado de la dama de (iedra&

))"ada, nadaS es (reciso que la veamos, decWan los unos&



))7i, si, es (reciso saber si el objeto corres(onde tan alta (asiNn,aUadian los otros&

)):uando nos reuniremos echar un trago en la iglesia en que osalojisR eclamaron los dems&

)):uando mejor os (areIca* esta misma noche si queris, res(ondiN eljoven ca(itn, recobrando su habitual sonrisa, disi(ada un instante(or aquel relm(ago de celos&)) (ro(Nsito& :on los bagajes he traWdohasta un (ar de docenas de botellas de O:ham(agneO, verdaderoO:ham(agneO, restos de un regalo hecho nuestro general de brigada,que, como sabis, es algo (ariente&

\BravoQ \bravoQ eclamaron los oficiales una voI, (rorrum(iendo enalegres eclamaciones&

))\7e bebera vino del (aWsQ135

18ootnote 3* vino del (aWs ?ine from home,? ?ine from our on

country&?5

))\' cantaremos una canciNn de +onsardQ135

18ootnote 3* +onsard& A celebrated 8rench (oet of the siteenth century @b& 3./, d& 34D and father of lyric (oetry in 8rance&5

))' hablaremos de mujeres, (ro(osito de la dama del anfitriNn&

)):onque &&& \hasta la nocheQ

))9asta la noche&

!!!

'a hacWa largo rato que los (acWficos habitantes de Toledo habWancerrado con llave y cerrojo las (esadas (uertas de sus antiguoscaseronesS la cam(ana gorda de la catedral anunciaba la hora de laqueda, y en lo alto del alcIar, convertido en cuartel, se oWa elultimo toque de silencio de los clarines, cuando dieI N doce oficialesque (oco (oco habWan ido reunindose en el Kocodover, tomaron elcamino que conduce desde aquel (unto al convento en que se alojaba elca(itn, animados ms con la es(eranIa de a(urar las (rometidas

botellas, que con el deseo de conocer la)maravillosa escultura&

La noche habWa cerrado sombrWa y amenaIadoraS el cielo estaba cubiertode nubes de color de (lomoS el aire, que Iumbaba encarcelado en lasestrechas y retorcidas calles, agitaba la moribunda luI del farolillode los retablos, N hacia girar con un chirrido agudo las veletas dehierro de las torres&

A(enas los oficiales dieron vista la (laIa en que se hallaba situadoel alojamiento de su nuevo amigo, este, que les aguardaba im(aciente,



saliN encontrarlesS y des(us de cambiar algunas (alabras mediavoI, todos (enetraron juntos en la iglesia, en cuyo lNbrego recinto laescasa claridad de una linterna luchaba trabajosamente con lasobscuras y es(esWsimas sombras&

))\Por quien soyQ eclamo uno de los convidados tendiendo a sualrededor la vista, que el local es de los menos a(ro(osito del mundo

(ara una fiesta&

))Efectivamente, dijo otroS nos traes conocer una dama, y a(enassi con mucha dificultad se ven los dedos de la mano&

))' sobre todo, hace un frWo, que no (arece sino que estamos en la7iberia,135 aUadiN un tercero arrebujndose en el ca(ote&

18ootnote 3* 7iberia& A vast region in northern and central Asia, hich forms (art of the +ussian em(ire, and hich has by far the loest inter tem(eratures of the knon orld&5

)):alma, seUores, calma, interrum(iN el anfitriNnS calma, que todo&

se (roveer& \Eh, muchachoQ (rosiguiN dirigindose uno de susasistentesS busca (or ahW un (oco de leUa, y encindenos una buenafogata en la ca(illa mayor&

El asistente, obedeciendo las Nrdenes de su ca(itn, comenIN descargar gol(es en la sillerWa del coro, y des(us que hubo reunidouna gran cantidad de leUa que fu a(ilando al (ie de las gradas del(resbiterio, tomN la linterna y se dis(uso hacer un auto de fe conaquellos fragmentos tallados de riquWsimas labores entre los que seveWan (or aquW (arte de una columnilla salomNnica, (or all la imagende un santo abad, el torso de una mujer, N la disforme cabeIa de ungrifo asomado entre hojarasca&

los (ocos minutos, una gran claridad que de im(roviso se derramN (ortodo el mbito de la iglesia, anunciN los oficiales que habWallegado la hora de comenIar el festWn&

El ca(itn, que hacWa los honores de su alojamiento con la mismaceremonia que hubiera hecho los de su casa, eclamN dirigindose losconvidados*

))7i gustis, (asaremos al ObuffetO&135

18ootnote 3* buffet& A 8rench ord meaning ?refreshment)table&? !t is customary in 8rance at large rece(tions and dancing)(arties to install in some room a counter or table from hich to serve refreshments& This is knon as the ObuffetO&5

7us camaradas, afectando la mayor gravedad, res(ondieron lainvitaciNn con un cNmico salido, y se encaminaron la ca(illa mayor(recedidos del hroe de la fiesta, que al llegar la escalinata sedetuvo un instante, y etendiendo la mano en direcciNn al sitio queocu(aba la tumba, les dijo con la finura ms equisita*

))Tengo el (lacer de (resentaros la dama de mis (ensamientos& :reoque convendris conmigo en que no he eagerado su belleIa&



Los oficiales volvieron los ojos al (unto que les seUalaba su amigo, yuna eclamaciNn de asombro se esca(N involuntariamente de todos loslabios&

En el fondo de un arco se(ulcral revestido de mrmoles negros,arrodillada delante de un reclinatorio, con las manos juntas y la caravuelta hacia el altar, vieron, en efecto, la imagen de una mujer tan

bella, que jams saliN otra igual de manos de un escultor, ni el deseo(udo (intarla en la fantasWa ms soberanamente hermosa&

))En verdad que es un ngel, eclamN uno de ellos&

))\Lstima que sea de mrmolQ aUadiN otro&

))"o hay duda que aunque no sea ms que la ilusiNn de hallarse junto una mujer de este calibre, es lo suficiente (ara no (egar los ojos entoda la noche&

))' no sabis quin es ellaR (reguntaron algunos de los quecontem(laban la estatua al ca(itn, que sonreWa satisfecho de su

triunfo&

))+ecordando un (oco del latWn))que en mi niUeI su(e, he conseguido, duras (enas, descifrar la inscri(ciNn de la tumba, contestN elinter(eladoS y lo que he (odido colegir, (ertenece un tWtulo de:astilla,135 famoso guerrero que hiIo la cam(aUa con el Gran:a(itn&1.5 7u nombre lo he olvidadoS mas su es(osa, que es la quevis, se llama doUa Elvira de :astaUeda, y (or mi fe que si la co(iase (arece al original, debiN ser la mujer ms notable de su siglo&

18ootnote 3* :astilla& 7ee (& Y/, note 3&5

18ootnote .* el Gran :a(itn& GonIalo 8ernndeI de :Nrdoba @b& 3/Y, d& 33D& A famous 7(anish general, ho served ith distinction in the ars against Portugal and the =oors, and in several !talian cam(aigns&5

es(us de estas breves e(licaciones, los convidados, que no (erdWande vista al (rinci(al objeto de la reuniNn, (rocedieron desta(aralgunas de las botellas y sentndose alrededor de la lumbre, em(eIN andar el vino la ronda&

medida que las libaciones se hacWan ms numerosas y frecuentes, y elva(or del es(umoso O:ham(agneO comenIaba trastornar las cabeIas,crecWan la animaciNn, el ruido y la algaIara de los jNvenes, de loscuales stos arrojaban los monjes de granito adosados en los (ilareslos cascos de las botellas vacWas, y aquellos cantaban toda voI

canciones bquicas y escandalosas, mientras los de ms all(rorrum(Wan en carcajadas, batWan las (almas en seUal de a(lauso, Ndis(utaban entre sW con blasfemias y juramentos&

El ca(itn bebWa en silencio como un deses(erado y sin a(artar losojos de la estatua de doUa Elvira&

!luminada (or el rojiIo res(landor de la hoguera, y travs delconfuso velo que la embriagueI habWa (uesto delante de su vista,(arecWale que la marmNrea imagen se transformaba veces en una mujer



realS (arecWale que entreabrWa los labios como murmurando una oraciNnSque se alIaba su (echo? como o(rimido y solloIanteS que cruIaba lasmanos con ms fuerIaS que sus mejillas se coloreaban, en fin, como sise ruboriIase ante aquel sacrWlego y re(ugnante es(ectculo&

Los oficiales que advirtieron la taciturna tristeIa de su camarada, lesacaron del tasis en que se encontraba sumergido, y (resentndole

una co(a, eclamaron en coro*

))\#amos, brindad vos, que sois el _nico que no lo ha hecho en toda lanocheQ

El joven tomN la co(a, y (onindose de (ie y alIndola en alto, dijoencarndose con la estatua del guerrero arrodillado junto doUaElvira*

))\Brindo (or el em(erador,135 y brindo (or la fortuna de sus armas,merced las cuales hemos (odido venir hasta el fondo de :astilla cortejarle su mujer, en su misma tumba, un vencedor de :eriUolaQ1.5

18ootnote 3* el em(erador& "a(oleon Bona(arte, born at Ajaccio, :orsica, August 3, 3XCS died on the island of 7t& 9elena, =ay , 34.3& At this time he as at the height of his (oer&5

18ootnote .* :eriUola& At :erignola, !taly, on A(ril .4, 30Y, the 7(anish army under GonIalo de :Nrdoba defeated the 8rench under the uc de "emours, and gained for 7(ain the kingdom of "a(les&5

Los militares acogieron el brindis con una salva de a(lausos, y elca(itn, balancendose, dio algunos (asos hacia el se(ulcro&

))"o&&& (rosiguiN dirigindose siem(re la estatua del guerrero, ycon esa sonrisa est_(ida (ro(ia de la embriagueI &&&no creas que tetengo rencor alguno (orque veo en tW un rival&&& al contrario, teadmiro como un marido (aciente, ejem(lo de longanimidad y mansedumbre,y mi veI quiero tambin ser generoso& T_ serias bebedor fuer desoldado&&& no se ha de decir que te he dejado morir de sed, vindonosvaciar veinte botellas&&& \tomaQ

' esto diciendo llevNse la co(a los labios, y des(us dehumedecrselos con el licor que contenWa, le arrojN el resto lacara, (rorrum(iendo en una carcajada estre(itosa al ver como caWa elvino sobre la tumba goteando de las barbas de (iedra del inmNvilguerrero&

))\:a(itnQ eclamN en aquel (unto uno de sus camaradas en tono deIumba, cuidado con lo que hacis&&&& =irad que esas bromas con la

gente de (iedra suelen costar caras&&&& Acordaos de lo que aconteciN los h_sares del en el monasterio de Poblet&135 &&& Los guerrerosdel claustro dicen que (usieron mano una noche sus es(adas degranito, y dieron que hacer los que se entretenWan en (intarlesbigotes con carbNn&

18ootnote 3* Poblet& A once celebrated :istercien monastery, situated about miday beteen Lrida and Tarragona& !t oes its name to a holy hermit, ho, after suffering many (ersecutions at the hands of the =oors, as finally granted all the territory of



9ardeta& M$hen the :hristians reconquered the country in 33/, the body of Poblet as revealed to the :hurch by miraculous lights, in consequence of hich +amNn Berenguer !# immediately built the convent&&& @hichD became the Escorial of Aragon&M @8ord, O9andbookO&D !t as (lundered and (artly destroyed in 34..)34Y, but the ruins are still beautiful and im(osing& The folloing incident is not one of its ell)knon legends&5

Los jNvenes acogieron con grandes carcajadas esta ocurrenciaS (ero elca(itn sin hacer caso de sus lisas, continuN siem(re fijo en la mismaidea*

)):reis que yo le hubiera dado el vino no saber que se tragaba almenos el que le cayese en la bocaR &&& \%hQ &&& \noQ &&& yo no creocomo vosotros que esas estatuas son un (edaIo de marmNl tan inerte hoycomo el dWa en que lo arrancaron de la cantera& !ndudablemente elartista, que es casi un dios, da su obra un so(lo de vida que nologra hacer que ande y se mueva, (ero que le infunde una vidaincom(rensible y etraUaS vida que yo no me e(lico bien, (ero que lasiento, sobre todo cuando bebo un (oco&

))\=agnWficoQ eclamaron sus camaradas, bebe y (rosigue& El oficialbebiN, y fijando los ojos en la imagen de doUa Elvira, (rosiguiN conuna ealtaciNn creciente*

))\=iradlaQ &&& \miradlaQ &&& "o vis esos cambiantes rojos de suscarnes mNrbidas y trans(arentesR &&& "o (arece que (or debajo de esaligera e(idermis aIulada y suave de alabastro circula un fl_ido de luIde color de rosaR &&& >ueris ms vidaR &&& >ueris ms realidadR&&&

))\%hQ sW, seguramente, dijo uno de los que le escuchabanS quisiramosque fuese de carne y hueso&

))\:arne y huesoQ &&& \=iseria, (odredumbreQ &&& eclamo el ca(itn&'o he sentido en una orgWa arder mis labios y mi cabeIaS yo he sentidoeste fuego que corre (or las venas hirviente como la lava de unvolcn, cuyos va(ores caliginosos turban y trastornan el cerebro yhacen ver visiones etraUas& Entonces el beso de esas mujeresmateriales me quemaba como un hierro candente, y las a(artaba de mWcon disgusto, con horror, hasta con ascoS (orque entonces, como ahora,necesitaba un so(lo de ?brisa del mar (ara mi frente calurosa, beberhielo y besar nieve&&& nieve teUida de suave luI, nieve coloreada (orun dorado rayo de sol&&& una mujer blanca, hermosa y frWa, como esamujer de (iedra que (arece incitarme con su fantstica hermosura, que(arece que oscila al com(s de la llama, y me (rovoca entreabriendosus labios y ofrciendome un tesoro de amor&&&& \%hQ&&& sW&&& un

beso&&& sNlo un beso tuyo (odr calmar el ardor que me consume&

))\:a(itnQ eclamaron algunos de los oficiales al verle dirigirsehacia la estatua como fuera de sW, etraviada la vista y con (asosinseguros&&& qu locura vis hacerR \Basta de broma y dejad en (aI los muertosQ

El joven ni oyN siquiera las (alabras de sus amigos, y tambaleando ycomo (udo llegN la tumba y a(roimbe la estatuaS (ero al tenderlelos braIos resonN un grito de horror en el tem(lo& Arrojando sangre



(or ojos, boca y nariI habWa caWdo des(lomado y con la cara deshechaal (ie del se(ulcro&

Los oficiales, mudos y es(antados, ni se atrevWan dar un (aso (ara(restarle socorro&

En el momento en que su camarada intento acercar sus labios ardientes

los de doUa Elvira, habWan visto al inmNvil guerrero levantar lamano y derribarle con una es(antosa bofetada de su guantelete de(iedra&

=AE7E135 P+EK EL %+GA"!7TA

18ootnote 3* maese& %bsolete for OmaestroO, ?master,? a title of res(ect&5

En 7evilla135 en el mismo atrio de 7anta !ns,1.5 y mientras es(erabaque comenIase la =isa del Gallo,1Y5 oW esta tradiciNn unademandadera del convento&

18ootnote 3* 7evilla& 7eville, the ca(ital of the (rovince of 7eville, is a city of some 3/4,000 inhabitants situated in the southestern (art of 7(ain on the Guadalquivir +iver& !n the siteenth century, during the reign of Phili( !! @3C)34D, at hich time the events of this story are su((osed to take (lace, 7eville reached the height of its (ros(erity&5

18ootnote .* 7anta !ns& A convent church founded about 3YX/ by oUa =aria :oronel, its first abbess, and situated in the street named after her& The architecture is semi)Gothic&5

18ootnote Y* la =isa del Gallo& The midnight mass (receding :hristmas day& The introduction of the ord OgalloO has reference to the early cockcroing& :om(are the e(ression Oal (rimer galloO, at midnight&5

:omo era natural, des(us de oirla, aguard im(aciente que comenIarala ceremonia, ansioso de asistir un (rodigio&

"ada menos (rodigioso, sin embargo, que el Nrgano de 7anta !ns, ninada ms vulgar que los insulsos motetes que nos regalN su organistaaquella noche&

Al salir de la =isa, no (ude (or menos de decirle la demandadera conaire de burla*

))En que consiste que el Nrgano de maese PreI suena ahora tan malR

))\TomaQ me contestN la vieja, en que se no es el suyo&

))"o es el suyoR Pues que ha sido de lR

))7e cayN (edaIos de (uro viejo, hace una (orciNn de aUos&



))' el alma del organistaR

))"o ha vuelto a(arecer desde que colocaron el que ahora lesustituye& 7i alguno de mis lectores se le ocurriese hacerme lamisma (regunta, des(us de leer esta historia, ya sabe el (or qu nose ha continuado el milagroso (ortento hasta nuestros dWas&

!

))#is se de la ca(a roja y la (luma blanca en el fieltro, que(arece que trae sobre su justillo todo el oro de los galeones de!ndiasS135 aqul que baja en este momento de su litera (ara dar lamano esa otra seUora, que des(us de dejar la suya, se adelantahacia aquW, (recedida de cuatro (ajes con hachasR Pues se es elmarqus de =oscoso,1.5 galn de la condesa viuda de #illa(ineda& 7e

dice que antes de (oner sus ojos sobre esta dama, habWa (edido enmatrimonio la hija de un o(ulento seUorS mas el (adre de ladoncella, de quien se murmura que es un (oco avaro &&& (ero, \calleQen hablando del ruWn de +oma, ctale aquW que asoma&1Y5 #is aqulque viene (or debajo del arco de 7an 8eli(e,1/5 (ie, emboIado en unaca(a obscura, y (recedido de un solo criado con una linternaR Ahorallega frente al retablo&

18ootnote 3* los galeones de !ndias& The galleons from the $est !ndies brought much gold to 7(ain in the siteenth century&5

18ootnote .* =oscoso &&& #illa(ineda& $ell)knon 7evillian titles, but created much later than the e(och of our story, the former in 3X40, and the latter in 3XY4 @see GuWa Ooficial de Es(aUaO, =adrid, 30D& These anachronisms on the (art of the author, hoever, in no ay affect the artistic merit of the ork& "or are they the only ones to be found in this same legend& 7ee note /, beloS also (& 4, note .S (& , note Y&5

18ootnote Y* en hablando del ruWn de +oma, ctale aquW que asoma& A colloquial e(ression orded in various ays, as, for eam(le, Oen nombrando al ruWn de +oma, luego asomaO& :om(are the English e(ression Ms(eak of the devil and he ill a((ear,M used under similar circumstances& By O+omaO as (robably meant originally the :atholic church or its officers&5

18ootnote /* arco de 7an 8eli(e& This is another anachronism on the

(art of Becquer, for the arch and church of 7an 8eli(e ere not constructed until the eighteenth century& "either eists at (resent& The arch traversed a narro street beteen the church of the same name and the convent of 7anta !ns& Belo the arch as a (icture in OaIulejosO re(resenting :hrist fallen ith the cross and aided by 7imon the :yrenian&5

+e(arasteis, al desemboIarse (ara saludar la imagen, la encomiendaque brilla en su (echoR



no ser (or ese noble distintivo, cualquiera le creerWa un lonjistade la calle de :ulebras&135 &&& Pues ese es el (adre en cuestiNnSmirad como la gente del (ueblo le abre (aso y le saluda&

18ootnote 3* calle de :ulebras& %ne of the ancient commercial streets of 7eville, knon to)day as the :alle de #illegas& !t connects the PlaIa de 7an 7alvador and the :alle de 8rancos&5

Toda 7evilla le conoce (or su colosal fortuna& l solo tiene msducados de oro en sus arcas que soldados mantiene nuestro seUor el reyon 8eli(eS135 y con sus galeones (odrWa formar una escuadrasuficiente resistir la del Gran Turco&&&&1.5

18ootnote 3* on 8eli(e& Evidently Phili( !!, born at #alladolid, 7(ain, =ay .3, 3.XS king of 7(ain 3C)4S died at the Escorial, 7(ain, 7e(tember 3Y, 34& 7on of the em(eror :harles # and !sabella of Portugal& The recluse king made his first visit to 7eville in 3X0 at the time of the (re(arations for the great ar ith the Turks&5

18ootnote .* el Gran Turco ?the Grand Turk,? that is to say the 7ultan of Turkey& 7elim !! as sultan at this time, and his navy as considered the most (oerful of Euro(e& %n %ctober X, 3X3, hoever, it as defeated in the battle of Le(anto by the united fleets of 7(ain and several of the !talian states, commanded by on -uan of Austria&5

=irad, mirad ese gru(o de seUores graves* esos son los caballerosveinticuatros&135 \9ola, holaQ Tambin est aquW el flamencote,1.5 quien se dice que no han echado ya el guante los seUores de la cruIverde,1Y5 merced su influjo con los magnates 1/5 de =adrid&15 &&&ste no viene la iglesia ms que oir m_sica&&&& "o, (ues si maesePereI no le arranca con su Nrgano lagrimas como (uUos, bien se (uedeasegurar que no tiene su alma en su armario, sino frindose en lascalderas de Pero Botero&1C5 &&& \Ay, vecinaQ =alo&&& malo&&& (resumoque vamos tener jaranaS yo me refugio en la iglesia, (ues (or lo queveo, aquW van andar ms de sobra los cintaraIos que los OPater"osterO&1X5 =irad, miradS las gentes del duque de Alcal145 doblan laesquina de la (laIa de 7an Pedro,15 y (or el callejNn de lasueUas1305 se me figura que he columbrado las del de=edinasidonia&1335 &&& "o os lo dijeR

18ootnote 3* veinticuatros& =agistrates of certain cities of Andalusia, hose duties, according to the ancient munici(al rgime, ere much the same as those of the modern OregidoresO or aldermen& As the name indicates, there ere tenty)four of these city councilors&5

18ootnote .* el flamencote ?the big @OorO greatD 8leming&? uring the reign of Phili( !!, oing to his religious (ersecutions in the "etherlands, several eminent 8lemish noblemen ere sent to 7(ain to treat ith him on this question& Among the most famous ere Egmont @Lamoral, count of EgmontD, ho as in 7(ain from -anuary to A(ril, 3C, and =ontigny @8loris de =ontmorencyD, ho made to tri(s to 7(ain, one in 3C., and the other in 3CC, on hich occasion he remained until 3X0, hen he as murdered at the king?s bidding& Phili( received both of these envoys ith a sho of great cordiality



and affection& The 7(anish nobles, on the contrary, ere cold in their rece(tion, and ould gladly have given them over to the !nquisition had there been no fear of Phili(?s anger& Either of these envoys, if they ere ever in 7eville, may be referred to here, or some other influential 8leming ho may have been there under similar conditions, or this may be mere fiction&5

18ootnote Y* los seUores de la cruI verde& The officers of the !nquisition& The arms of this body ere a green cross surmounted by a cron, ith a dran sord to the right and an olive branch to the left, u(on a field of sable& 7ee Emmanuel elorme, Oles Emblmes de L?!nquisition d?Es(agneO, Toulouse, 30&5

18ootnote /* los magnates& oubtless Phili( !! and his court are meant&5

18ootnote * =adrid& 7ee (& 40, note .&5

18ootnote C* Pero Botero& 7ee vocabulary&5

18ootnote X* Pater "oster& 7ee (& YY, note 3&5

18ootnote 4* El duque de Alcal& !n 34 Phili( !! bestoed this title u(on & Pedro Afn o EnrWqueI de +ibera y Portocarrero, second =arquis of Tarifa, sith :ount of los =olares, and bearer of other titles as ell& 9e as made viceroy of "a(les in 3, at about the age of fifty, and died some doIen years later& 9is ife as oUa Leonor Ponce de Leon, by hom he had no children& This is (robably the duke referred to here, if e (resume that the author had some definite duke in mind& The beautiful family mansion, knon as Ola :asa de PWlatosO, is still standing, a miture of Gothic, =oorish, and +enaissance designs&5

18ootnote * 7an Pedro& The church of 7an Pedro, a Gothic structure of the fourteenth century, built on the site of a mosque, is situated near the modern market and not far from the ;niversity& The little square in front of the church bears the same name&5

18ootnote 30* callejNn de las ueUas& A short street called to)day O:alle de GeronaO& !t connects the PlaIa del Es(iritu 7anto and that of 7ta& :atalina& This street received its name from the :istercian nuns hose convent, destroyed in the revolution of 34C4, as situated here&5

18ootnote 33* las del de =edinasidonia ?those of the @ukeD of =edinasidonia&? !n the fifteenth century 7eville as the scene of many bloody frays beteen the hostile houses of =edinasidonia and

Ponce de Leon, but through the intervention of 8erdinand and !sabella this enmity as ha((ily terminated before the close of that century, long before the creation of the title of uke of Alcal& The dukedom of =edinasidonia as created in 3// by -uan !!, and the best)knon duke of this name during the reign of Phili( !! as commander of the celebrated Armada @344D&5

'a se han visto, ya se detienen unos y otros, sin (asar desus (uestos&&& los gru(os se disuelven&&& los ministriles,



quienes en estas ocasiones a(alean amigos y enemigos, se retiran &&&hastael seUor asistente,135 con su vara y todo, se refugiaen el atrio&&& y luego dicen que hay justicia&

18ootnote 3* asistente& A magistrate in 7eville, and certain other cities, hose duties and (rerogatives corres(onded ith those of the

OcorregidorO elsehere& This office came into eistence in 7eville about the middle of the fifteenth century, and as filled during the reign of Phili( !! by some fifteen asistentes in succession, most of them counts&5

Para los (obres&&&&

#amos, vamos, ya brillan los broqueles en la obscuridad&&&& \"uestro7eUor del Gran Poder135 nos asistaQ 'a comienIan los gol(es \vecinaQ\vecinaQ aqui&&& antes que cierren las (uertas& Pero \calleQ >u esesoR A_n no ban comenIado, cuando lo dejan& >ue res(landor es aquelR\9achas encendidasQ \LiterasQ Es el seUor obis(o&1.5

18ootnote 3* "uestro 7eUor del Gran Poder& An e(ithet a((lied to :hrist&5

18ootnote .* obis(o& %f course the archbisho( is meant here& The 7eville Archbisho(s during the reign of Phili( !! ere & 8ernando #aldes, !nquisitor General @d& 3C4D, & Gas(ar de K_Uiga y Avellaneda @d& 3X3D, & :ristohal de +oas y 7andoval @d& 340D, and & +odrigo de :astro @d& 3C00D& 7ee 8ermWn Arana de #arflora, O:om(endio descri(tivo de &&& 7evillaO, 3X4, Ia (arte, (& 3Y&5

La #irgen 7antWsima del Am(aro,135 quien invocaba ahora mismo con el(ensamiento, lo trae en mi ayuda&&&& \AyQ \7i nadie sabe lo que yodebo esta 7eUoraQ1.5 &&& \:on cunta usura me (aga las candelillasque le enciendo los sabadosQ&&& #edlo, qu hermosote est con sushbitos morados y su birrete rojo&&&& ios le conserve en su sillatantos siglos como yo deseo de vida (ara mW& 7i no fuera (or l, media7evilla hubiera ya ardido con estas disensiones de los duques& #edlos,vedlos, los hi(ocritones, como se acercan ambos la litera delPrelado (ara besarle el anillo&&&& :Nmo le siguen y le acom(aUan,confundindose con sus familiares& >uin diria que esos dos que(arecen tan amigos, si dentro de media hora se encuentran en una calleobscura &&& es decir, \ellos &&& ellosQ &&& LWbreme ios de creerloscobardesS buena muestra han dado de sW, (eleando en algunas ocasionescontra los enemigos de "uestro 7eUor&&&& Pero es la verdad, que si sebuscaran &&& y si se buscaran con ganas de encontrarse, seencontrarWan, (oniendo fin de una veI estas continuas reyertas, enlas cuales los que verdaderamente baten el cobre de firme son sus

deudos, sus allegados y su servidumbre&

18ootnote 3* La #irgen 7antisima del Am(aro& An a((ellation that recalls the frequent rle of the #irgin as (rotector in the mediaeval legends&5

18ootnote .* esta 7eUora))this Lady,? referring to the #irgin&5

Pero vamos, vecina, vamos la iglesia, antes que se (onga de bote enbote &&& que algunas noches como sta suele llenarse de modo que no



cabe ni un grano de trigo&&&& \Buena ganga tienen las monjas con suorganistaQ&&& :undo se ha visto el convento tan favorecido comoahoraR&&&135 e las otras comunidades, (uedo decir que le han hecho maese PreI (ro(osiciones magnificas, verdad que nada tiene deetraUo, (ues hasta el seUor arIobis(o le ha ofrecido montes de oro(or llevarle la catedral&&& (ero l, nada&&&& Primero dejarWa lavida que abandonar su Nrgano favorito&&&& "o conocis maese PreIR

#erdad es que sois nueva en el barrio&&&& Pues es un santo varNnS(obre sW, (ero limosnero cual no otro&&&& 7in ms (arientes que suhija ni mas amigo que su Nrgano, (asa su vida entera en velar (or lainocencia de la una y com(oner los registros del otro&&&& \:uidado queel ergano es viejoQ&&& Pues nada, l se da tal mana en arreglarlo ycuidarlo, que sueUa, que es una maravilla&&&& :omo que le conoce detal modo, que a tientas&&& (orque no s si os lo he dicho, (ero el(obre seUor es ciego de nacimiento&&&& ' \con que (aciencia lleva sudesgraciaQ&&& :uando le (reguntan que1.5 cunto darWa (or ver,res(onde* mucho, (ero no tanto como crels, (orque tengoes(eranIas&))Es(eranIas de verR))7i, y muy (ronto, aUade sonrindosecomo un angelS ya cuento setenta y seis aUosS (or muy larga que sea mivida, (ronto ver ios&&&&

18ootnote 3* !n omen?s convents the organ is (layed by the nuns themselves, and in 7ta& !ns it is in the choir and not in a gallery a(art, as Becyuer (uts it&5

18ootnote .* que& A redundant use of the conjunction quite frequently found in 7(anish&5

\PobrecitoQ ' si lo ver &&& (orque es humilde como las (iedras de lacalle, que se dejan (isar de todo el mundo&&&& 7iem(re dice que no esms que un (obre organista de convento, y (uede dar lecciones de solfaal mismo maestro de ca(illa de la PrimadaS135 como que echN losdientes en el oficio& 7u (adre tenWa la misma (rofesiNn que lS yo nole conocW, (ero mi senora madre, que santa gloria haya,1.5 dice que lellevaba siem(re al Nrgano consigo (ara darle los fuelles& Luego, elmuchacho mostrN tales dis(osiciones que, como era natural, la muertede su (adre heredN el cargo& \' qu manos tieneQ ios se las bendiga&=erecWa que se las llevaran la calle de :hicarreros1Y5 y se lasengarIasen en oro&&&& 7iem(re toca bien, siem(reS (ero en semejantenoche como sta, es un (rodigio&&&& l tiene una gran devociNn (oresta ceremonia de la =isa del Gallo, y cuando levantan la 7agrada8orma1/5 al (unto y hora de las doce, que es cuando vino al mundo"uestro 7eUor -esucristo &&& las voces de su Nrgano son voces dengeles&&&&

18ootnote 3* la Primada *?the (rimatical church&? 9ere the cathedral of 7eville&5

18ootnote .* que santa gloria haya& !n s(eaking of one ho has died, it is customary in 7(ain to e(ress some similar ho(e for the elfare of his soul& "otice the use of OhayaO instead of tenga, although (ossession is indicated&5

18ootnote Y* la calle de :hicarreros& A street in 7eville connecting the PlaIa de 7an 8rancisco and the :alle de 8rancos& !t as famous at this time for its jeelry)sho(s&5



18ootnote /* la 7agrada 8orma ?the consecrated host&? !t is at the moment of the elevation of the host that the miracle of transubstantiation is believed by the +oman :atholic :hurch to take (lace& 7ee (& 30C, 3& /&5

En fin, (ara qu tengo de (onderarle lo que esta noche oirR baste elver como todo lo ms florido de 7evilla, hasta el mismo seUor

arIobis(o, vienen un humilde convento (ara escucharleS y no se creaque solo la gente sabida y la que se le alcanIa esto de la solfaconocen su mrito, sino que hasta el (o(ulacho& Todas esas bandadasque vis llegar con teas encendidas entonando villancicos con gritosdesaforados al com(s de los (anderos, las sonajas y las Iambombas,contra su costumbre, que es la de alborotar las iglesias, callan comomuertos cuando (one maese PreI las manos en el Nrgano&&& y cuandoalIan &&& no se siente una mosca &&& de todos los ojos caen lagrimonestamaUos, y al concluir se oye como un sus(iro inmenso, que no es otracosa que la res(iraciNn de los circunstantes contenida mientras durala m_sica&&&& Pero vamos, vamos, ya han dejado de tocar las cam(anas,y va comenIar la =isaS vamos adentro&&&&

Para todo el mundo es esta noche "oche)Buena,135 (ero (ara nadie mejorque (ara nosotros&

18ootnote 3* "oche)Buena ?:hristmas eve&? !t is im(ossible to render in English the (lay u(on the ords OBuenaO and OmejorO&5

Esto diciendo, la buena mujer que habWa servido de cicerone suvecina, atravesN el atrio del convento de 7anta !ns,135 y codaIo enste, em(ujNn en aquel, se internN en el tem(lo, (erdindose entre lamuchedumbre que se agol(aba en la (uerta&

18ootnote 3* 7anta !ns& 7ee (& /, note Y&5

!!

La iglesia estaba iluminada con una (rofusiNn asombrosa& El torrentede luI que se des(rendWa de los altares (ara llenar sus mbitos,chis(eaba en los ricos joyeles de las damas que, arrodillndose sobrelos cojines de tercio(elo que tendWan los (ajes y tomando el libro deoraciones de manos de las dueUas,135 vinieron formar un brillantecWrculo alrededor de la verja del (resbiterio& -unto aquella verja,de (ie, envueltos en sus ca(as de color galoneadas de oro, dejandoentrever con estudiado descuido las encomiendas rojas y verdes, en la

una mano el fieltro, cuyas (lumas besaban los ta(ices, la otra sobrelos bruUidos gavilanes del estoque N acariciando el (omo del cincelado(uUal, los caballaros veinticuatros,1.5 con gran (arte de lo mejor dela nobleIa sevillana, (arecWan formar un muro, destinado defender sus hijas y sus es(osas del contacto de la (lebe& sta, que se agitabaen el fondo de las naves, con un rumor (arecido al del mar cuando sealborota, (rorrum(ie en una aclamaciNn de jubilo, acom(aUada deldiscordante sonido de las sonajas y los (anderos, al mirar a(arecer alarIobis(o, el cual, des(us de sentarse junto al altar mayor bajo unsolio de grana que rodearon sus familiares, echN (or tres veces la



bendiciNn al (ueblo&

18ootnote 3* dueUas& 7ee (&CX, note 3&5

18ootnote .* veinticuatros& 7ee (& C, note /&5

Era l hora de que comenIase la =isa&

Trascurrieron, sin embargo, algunos minutos sin que el celebrantea(areciese& La multitud comenIaba rebullirse, demostrando suim(acienciaS los caballeros cambiaban entre sW algunas (alabras media voI, y el arIobis(o mando la sacristWa uno de sus familiares inquirir el (or qu no comenIaba la ceremonia&

))=aese PreI se ha (uesto malo, muy malo, y ser im(osible que asistaesta noche la =isa de media noche& Esta fu la res(uesta delfamiliar&

La noticia cundiN instantneamente entre la muchedumbre& Pintar elefecto desagradable que causN en to do el mundo, serWa cosa im(osibleS

baste decir que comenIN notarse tal bullicio en el tem(lo, que elasistente se (uso de (ie y los alguaciles entraron im(oner silencio,confundindose entre las a(iUadas olas de la multitud&

En aquelmomento, un hombre mal traIado, seco, huesudo y bisojo (oranadidura, se adelantN hasta el sitio que ocu(aba el (relado&

))=aese PreI esta enfermo, dijo* la ceremonia no (uede em(eIar& 7iqueris, yo tocar el Nrgano en su ausenciaS que ni maese PreI es el(rimer organista del mundo, ni su muerte dejar de usarse esteinstrumento (or falta de inteligente&&&& El arIobis(o hiIo una seUalde asentimiento con la cabeIa, y ya algunos de los fieles que conocWan aquel (ersonaje etraUo (or un organista envidioso, enemigo del de7anta !ns, comenIaban (rorrum(ir en eclamaciones de disgusto,cuando de im(roviso se oyN en el atro un ruido es(antoso&

))\=aese PheI est aquWQ&&& \=aese PreI est aquWQ&&& estas vocesde los que estaban a(iUados en la (uerta, todo el mundo volviN lacara&

=aese PreI, (lido y desencajado, entraba en efecto en la iglesia,conducido en un silNn, que todos se dis(utaban el honor de llevar ensus hombros&

Los (rece(tos de los doctores, las lgrimas de su hija, nada habWasido bastante detenerle en el lecho&

))"o, habWa dichoS esta es la _ltima, lo conoIco, lo conoIco, y noquiero morir sin visitar mi Nrgano, y esta noche sobre todo, la"oche)Buena& #amos, lo quiero, lo mandoS vamos a la iglesia&

7us deseos se habWan cum(lidoS los concurrentes le subieron en braIos la tribuna, y comenIN la =isa&

En aquel (unto sonaban las doce en el reloj de la catedral&

PasN el introito135 y el EvangeliN1.5 y el ofertorio,1Y5 y llegN el



instante solemne en que el sacerdote, des(us de haberla consagrado,toma con la etremidad de sus dedos la 7agrada 8orma y comienIa elevarla&

18ootnote 3* introito& M!n the ancient :hurch a (salm as sung or chanted immediately before the :ollect, E(istle, and Gos(el& As this took (lace hile the (riest as entering ithin the se(tum or rails

of the altar, it acquired the name of !ntroitus or !ntroit&M $alter 8& 9ook, O:hurch ict&O, London, =urray, 344X, (& /0X&5

18ootnote .* Evangelio Gos(el&? MThe 8irst :ouncil of %range in //3, and that of #alentia in 7(ain, ordered the Gos(el to be read after the E(istle and before the offertory&M Addis and Arnold, ?O:atholic ict&O, London, 344/, (& Y40&5

18ootnote Y* ofertorio& The offertory or Mservice of song hile the oblations ere collected and received is of ancient date& 7t& Augustine s(eaks of the singing of hymns at the oblation&M $alter 8& 9ook, O:hurch ict&O, (& /0& The offertory is said immediately after the O:reedO, and before the Preface and 7anctus&5

;na nube de incienso que se desenvolvWa en ondas aIuladas llenN elmbito de la iglesiaS las cam(anillas re(icaron con un sonidovibrante, y maese PreI (uso sus cris(adas manos sobre las teclas delNrgano&

Las cien voces de sus tubos de metal resonaron en un acorde majestuosoy (rolongado, que se (erdWo (oco (oco, como si una rfaga de airehubiese arrebatado sus _ltimos ecos&

este (rimer acorde, que (arecWa una voI que se elevaba desde latierra al cielo, res(ondiN otro lejano y suave que fu creciendo,creciendo hasta convertirse en un torrente de atronadora armonWa&

Era la voI de los ngeles, que atravesando los es(acios, llegaba almundo&

es(us comenIaron oirse como unos himnos distantes que entonabanlas jerarquWas de serafinesS mil himnos la veI, que al confundirseformaban uno solo, que, no obstante, era no ms el acom(aUamiento deuna etraUa melodWa, que (arecWa flotar sobre aquel ocano demisteriosos ecos, como un jirNn de niebla sobre las olas del mar&

Luego fueron (erdindose unos cantos, des(us otrosS la combinaciNn sesim(lificaba& 'a no eran ms que dos voces, cuyos ecos se confundWanentre sWS luego quedN una aislada, sosteniendo una nota brillante comoun hilo de luI&&&& El sacerdote inclinN la frente, y (or encima de su

cabeIa cana y como trves de una gasa aIul que fingWa el humo delincienso, a(areciN la 9ostia los ojos de los fieles& En aquelinstante la nota que maese PreI sostenWa trinando, se abriN, seabriN, y una e(losiNn de armonWa gigante estremeciN la iglesia, encuyos ngulos Iumbaba el aire com(rimido, y cuyos vidrios de coloresse estremecWan en sus angostos ajimeces&

e cada una de las notas que formaban aquel magnWfico acorde, sedesarrollN un temaS y unos cerca, otros lejos, stos brillantes,aquellos sordos, dirWase que las aguas y los (jaros, las brisas y las



frondas, los hombres y los ngeles, la tierra y los cielos, cantabancada cual en su idioma un himno al nacimiento del 7alvador&

La multitud escuchaba atNnita y sus(endida& En todos los ojos habWauna lgrima, en todos los es(Writus un (rofundo recogimiento&

El sacerdote que oficiaba sentWa temblar sus manos, (orque Aqul que

levantaba en ellas, Aqul quien saludaban hombres y arcngeles erasu iosS era su ios, y le (arecWa haber visto abrirse los cielos ytrasfigurarse la 9ostia&135

18ootnote 3* trasfigurarse la 9ostia& 7ee (& 303, note .&5

El Nrgano (roseguWa sonandoS (ero sus voces se a(agaban gradualmente,como una voI que se (ierde de eco en eco, y se aleja, y se debilita alalejarse, cuando de (ronto sonN un grito en la tribuna, un gritodesgarrador, agudo, un grito de mujer&

El Nrgano ehalo un sonido discorde y etraUo, semejante un solloIo,y quedN mudo&

La multitud se agol(o la escalera de la tribuna, hacia la que,arrancados de su etasis religiose, volvieron la mirada con ansiedadtodos los fieles&

))>u ha sucedidoR qu (asaR se decWan unos otros, y nadie sabWares(onder, y todos se em(eUaban en adivinarlo, y crecWa la confusiNn,y el alboroto comenIaba subir de (unto, amenaIando turbar el orden yel recogimiento (ro(ios de la iglesia&

))>u ha sido esoR (reguntaban las damas al asistente, que, (recedidode los ministriles, fu uno de los (rimeros subir la tribuna, yque, (lido y con muestras de (rofundo (esar, se dirigWa al (uesto endonde le es(eraba el arIobis(o, ansioso, como todos, (or saber lacausa de aquel desorden&

))>u hayR

))>ue maese PreI acaba de morir&

En efecto, cuando los (rimeros fieles, des(us de atro(ellarse (or laescalera, llegaron la tribuna, vieron))al (obre organista caWdo deboca sobre las teclas de su viejo instrumento, que a_n vibrabasordamente, mientras su hija, arrodillada sus (ies, le llamaba envano entre sus(iros y solloIos&

!!!

))Buenas noches, mi seUora doUa BaltasaraS tambin usarced135 vieneesta noche la =isa del GalloR Por mi (arte tenWa hecha intenciNn deirla oir la (arroquiaS (ero lo que sucede&&& Nnde va #icenteRonde va la gente&1.5 ' eso que, si he de decir la verdad, desde quemuriN maese PreI, (arece que me echan una losa sobre el coraINn



cuando entro en 7anta !ns&&& \PobrecitoQ \Era un santoQ&&& 'o de mWse decir, que conservo un (edaIo de su jubNn como una reliquia, y lomerece&&& (ues en ios y en mi nima, que si el seUor arIobis(o tomaramano en ello, es seguro que nuestros nietos le verWan en losaltares&1Y5 &&& =as \cNmo ha de serQ&&& muertos y idos, no hayamigos&1/5 &&& Ahora lo que (riva es la novedad&&& ya me entiendeusarced& \>uQ "o sabe nada de lo que (asaR #erdad que nosotras nos

(arecemos en esoS de nuestra casita la iglesia, y de la iglesia nuestra casita, sin cuidarnos de lo que se dice N djase de decir&&&sNlo que yo, asW&&& al vuelo&&& una (alabra de ac, otra de acull&&&sin ganas de enterarme siquiera, suelo estar al corriente de algunasnovedades&&&& Pues, sW seUorS (arece cosa hecha que el organista de7an +omn,15 aquel bisojo, que siem(re est echando (estes de losotros organistasS aquel (erdulariote, que ms (arece jifero de la(uerta de la :arne1C5 que maestro de solfa, va tocar esta"oche)Buena en lugar de maese PreI& 'a sabr usarced, (orque esto loha sabido todo el mundo y es cosa (_blica en 7evilla, que nadie querWacom(rometerse hacerlo& "i aun su hija que es (rofesora, y des(us dela muerte de su (adre entrN en el convento de novicia& ' era natural*acostumbrados oir aquellas maravillas, cualquiera otra cosa habWa de

(arecernos mala, (or ms que quisieran evitarse las com(araciones&Pues cuando ya la comunidad habr decidido que, en honor del difunto ycomo muestra de res(eto su memoria, (ermanecerWa callado el organoen esta noche, hte aqui que se (resenta nuestro hombre, diciendo quel se atreve tocarlo&&&& "o hay nada ms atrevido que laignorancia&&&& :ierto que la cul(a no es suya, sino de los que leconsienten esta (rofanaciNn&&& (ero, asW va el mundo&&& y digo, no escosa la gente que acude&&&1X5 cualquiera dirWa que nada ha cambiadodesde un aUo otro& Los mismos (ersonajes, el mismo lujo, los mismosem(ellones en la (uerta, la misma animaciNn en el atrio, la mismamultitud en el tem(lo&&& \Ay, si levantara la cabeIa el muertoQ sevolvWa145 morir (or no oir su Nrgano tocado (or manos semejantes& Loque tiene que,15 si es verdad lo que me han dicho las gentes delbarrio, le (re(aran una buena al intruso& :uando llegue el momento de(oner la mano sobre las teclas, va comenIar una algarabWa desonajas, (anderos, y Iambombas, que no haya ms que oir&&& (ero\calleQ ya entra en la iglesia el heroe de la funciNn& \-es_s, quro(illa de colorines, qu gorguera de caUutos, qu aires de (ersonajeQ#amos, vamos, qu ya hace rato que llego el arIobis(o, y va comenIarla misa&&& vamos, que me (arece que esta noche va darnos que contar(ara muchos dWas&

18ootnote 3* usarced& :ontraction of Ovues@trDa mercedO, ?your grace&?5

18ootnote .* Nnde va #icenteR onde va la gente& 7ee vocabulary& "ote the to senses in hich the adverb of (lace, OdondeO, is used&5

18ootnote Y* en los altares& That is to say canoniIed&5

18ootnote /* muertos y idos, no hay amigos ?The dead and de(arted have no friends @OorO are soon forgottenD?&5

18ootnote * 7an +omn& A church, originally a mosque, situated in the northern (art of 7eville, on the PlaIa de 7an +omn& !t as reconstructed by & Pedro !& !ts faàde is very (lain, the chief decorative features being an ogival dooray in the center and a



indo of similar form to the right& !t contains some fine statuary by =ontaUs& The fifteenth)century (ainter -uan 7ncheI de :astro is buried here&5

18ootnote C* la (uerta de la :arne& %ne of the ancient gates of 7eville, situated in the north all near the O=ataderoO @?slaughter)house?D& 9ence its name& !t as once called the OPuerta

-udWaO& But little remains no of the old alls of 7eville, hich had a circumference of u(ards of ten miles, and ere (ierced by fifteen gates and strengthened by one hundred and sity)si toers&5

18ootnote X* no es cosa la gente que acude ?the crod in attendance is not small? or ?hat a lot of (ersons have comeQ? The e(ression Ono es cosaO is used familiarly in the sense of Oes muchaO&5

18ootnote 4* volvWa& A :ommon use of the im(erfect indicative instead of the conditional&5

18ootnote * Lo que tiene que ?the fact is&?5

Esto diciendo la buena mujer, que ya conocen nuestros lectores (or suseabru(tos de locuacidad, (enetrN en 7anta !ns, abrindose seg_ncostumbre, un camino entre la multitud fuerIa de em(ellones ycodaIos&

'a se habi dado (rinci(io la ceremonia&

El tem(lo estaba tan brillante como el aUo anterior&

El nuevo organista, des(us de atravesar (or en medio de los fielesque ocu(aban las naves (ara ir besar el anillo del (relado, habWasubido la tribuna, donde tocaba unos tras otros los registros delNrganoS con una gravedad tan afectada como ridWcula&

Entre la gente menuda que se a(iUaba los (ies de la iglesia, se oWaun rumor sordo y confuso, cierto (resagio de que la tem(estadcomenIaba fraguarse y no tardarWa mucho en dejarse sentir&

))Es un truhn, que (or no hacer nada bien, ni a_n mira derechas,decWan los unos&

))Es un ignorantNn, que des(us de haber (uesto el Nrgano de su(arroquia (eor que una carraca, viene (rofanar el de maese PreI,decWan los otros&

' mientras ste se desembaraIaba del ca(ote (ara (re(ararse darle de

firme su (andero, y aqul a(ercibWa sus sonajas, y todos sedis(onWan hacer bulla ms y mejor, solo alguno que otro seaventuraba defender tibiamente al etraUo (ersonaje, cuyo (orteorgulloso y (edantesco hacWa tan notable contra(osiciNn con la modestaa(ariencia y la afable bondad del difunto maese PreI&

Al fin llego el es(erado momento, el momento solemne en que elsacerdote, des(ues de inclinarse y murmurar algunas (alabras santas,tomN la 9ostia en sus manos&&&& Las cam(anillas re(icaron, semejandosu re(ique una lluvia de notas de cristalS se elevaron las difanas



ondas del incienso, y sonN el organo&

;na estruendosa algarabWa llenN los mbitos de la iglesia en aquelinstante y ahogN su (rimer acorde&

Kam(oUas, gaitas, sonajas, (anderos, todos los instrumentos del(o(ulacho, alIaron sus discordantes voces la veIS (ero la confusiNn

y el estr(ito sNlo durN algunos segundos& Todos a la veI como habWancomenIado, enmudecieron de (ronto&

El segundo acorde, am(lio, valiente, magnifico, se sostenWa a_nbrotando de los tubos de metal del organo, como una cascada de armonWainagotable y sonora&

:antos celestes como los que acarician ?los oWdos en los momentos detasisS cantos que (ercibe el es(Writu y no los (uede re(etir ellabioS notas sueltas de una melodWa lejana, que suenan intervalos,traWdas en las rfagas del viento, rumor de hojas que se besan en losarboles con un murmullo semejante al de la lluvia, trinos de alondrasque se levantan gorjeando de entre las flores como una saeta des(edida

las nubesS estruendo sin nombre, im(onente como los rugidos de unatem(estadS coro de serafines sin ritmos ni cadencia, ignota m_sica delcielo que sNlo la imaginaciNn com(rendeS hWmnos alados, que (arecWanremontarse al trono del 7eUor como una tromba de luI y de sonidos&&&todo lo e(resaban las cien voces del Nrgano, con ms (ujanIa, con msmisteriosa (oesWa, con ms fantastico color que los habWan e(resadonunca &&&&&

:uando el organista bajN de la tribuna, la muchedumbre que se agol(o la escalera fu tanta, y tanto su afn (or verle y admirarle, que elasistente temiendo, no sin raINn, que le ahogaran entre todos, mando algunos de sus ministriles (ara que, vara en mano, le fueran abriendocamino hasta llegar al altar mayor, donde el (relado le es(eraba&

))'a vis, le dijo este _ltimo cuando le trajeron su (resenciaSvengo desde mi (alacio aquW sNlo (or escucharos& 7eris tan cruelcomo maese PreI, que nunca quiso ecusarme el viaje, tocando la"oche)Buena en la =isa de la catedralR

))El aUo que viene, res(ondiN el organista, (rometo daros gusto, (ues(or todo el oro de la tierra no volverWa tocar este Nrgano&

))' (or quR interrum(iN el (relado&

))Porque&&& aUadiN el organista, (rocurando dominar la emociNn que serevelaba en la (alideI de su rostroS (orque es viejo y malo, y no(uede e(resar todo lo que se quiere& El arIobis(o se retirN, seguido

de sus familiares& ;nas tras otras, las literas de los seUores fuerondesfilando y (erdindose en las revueltas135 de las calles vecinasSlos gru(os del atrio se disolvieron, dis(ersndose los fieles endistintas direccionesS y ya la demandadera se dis(onWa cerrar las(uertas de la entrada del atrio, cuando se divisaban a_n dos mujeresque, des(us de (ersignarse y murmurar una oraciNn ante el retablo delarco de 7an 8eli(e,1.5 (rosiguieron su camino, internndose en elcallejNn de las uenas&1Y5

18ootnote 3* revueltas ?turns&? The streets of 7eville are many of



them crooked like those of Toledo and other =oorish cities in 7(ain&5

18ootnote .* 7an 8eli(e& 7ee (&, note /&5

18ootnote Y* el callejon de las uenas& 7ee (&4, note 3&5

))>u quiere usarcedR mi seUora doUa Baltasara, decWa la una, yo soyde este genial& :ada loco con su tema&&&& =e lo habWan de asegurarca(uchinos135 descalIos y no lo creerWa del todo&&&& Ese hombre no(uede haber tocado lo que acabamos de escuchar&&&& 7i yo lo he oWdomil veces en 7an Bartolom,1.5 que era su (arroquia, y de donde tuvoque echarle el senor cura (or malo, y era cosa de ta(arse los oWdoscon algodones&&&& ' luego, si no hay ms que mirarle al rostro, queseg_n dicen, es el es(ejo del alma&&&& 'o me acuerdo, (obrecito, comosi lo estuviera viendo, me acuerdo de la cara de maese PreI, cuandoen semejante noche como sta bajaba de la tribuna, des(us de habersus(endido al auditorio con sus (rimores&&&& \>u sonrisa tanbondadosa, qu color tan animadoQ&&& Era viejo y (arecWa un ngel&&&no que ste ha bajado las escaleras trom(icones, como si le ladrase

un (erro en la meseta, y con un color de difunto y unas&&& #amos, miseUora doUa Baltasara, crame usarced, y crame con todas veras&&& yosos(echo que aquW hay busilis&&&&

18ootnote 3* ca(uchinos ?:a(uchins&? An order of mendicant friars founded in 3.4 by =atteo di Bassi, and named from the (ointed ca(ouch or col that distinguishes their dress& 9onesty, as ell as (overty and humility, is su((osed to be one of their croning virtues&5

18ootnote .* 7an Bartolom& The church of 7t& Bartholome is situated on the PlaIa de 7an Bartolom in the northeastern (art of the city& !t as built on the site of a -eish synagogue, after the e(ulsion of the -es by the :hristian kings of 7(ain& !ts (resent architecture is oric and dates only from the eighteenth century&5

:omentando las _ltimas (alabras, las dos mujeres doblaban la esquinadel callejNn y desa(arecWan&

:reemos in_til decir nuestros lectores quin era una de ellas&

!#

9abWa transcurrido un aUo ms& La abadesa del convento de 7anta !ns yla hija de maese PreI hablaban en voI baja, medio ocultas entre lassombras del coro de la iglesia& El esquilNn llamaba voI herida losfieles desde la torre, y alguna que otra rara (ersona atravesaba elatrio silencioso y desierto esta veI, y des(us de tomar el aguabendita en la (uerta, escogi un (uesto en un rincNn de las naves,donde unos cuantos vecinos del barrio es(eraban tranquilamente quecomenIara la =isa del Gallo&

))'a lo vis, decWa la su(eriora, vuestro temor es sobremanera (uerilS



nadie hay en el tem(loS toda 7evilla acude en tro(el la catedralesta noche, Tocad vos el Nrgano y tocadle sin desconfianIa de ningunaclaseS estaremos en comunidad&&& (ero&&& (roseguWs callando sin quecesen vuestros sus(iros& >u os (asaR >u tenisR

))Tengo&&& miedo, eclamN la joven con un acento (rofundamenteconmovido&

))\=iedoQ de quR

))"o s&&& de una cosa sobrenatural&&&& Anoche, mirad, yo os habWaoWdo decir que tenWais em(eUo en que tocase el Nrgano en la =isa, yufana con esta distinciNn (ens arreglar sus registros y tem(larle,135 fin de que hoy os sor(rendiese&&& #ine al coro&&& sola&&& abrW la(uerta que conduce la tribuna&&&& En el reloj de la catedral sonabaen aquel momento una hora&&& no s cul&&&& Pero las cam(anadas erantristWsimas y muchas&&& muchas&&& estuvieron sonando todo el tiem(oque yo (ermanecW como clavada en el dintel y aquel tiem(o me (areciNun siglo&

18ootnote 3* tem(larle& 7ee (& CC, note 3&5

La iglesia estaba desierta y obscura&&&& All lejos, en el fondo,brillaba como una estrella (erdida en el cielo de la noche, una luImoribunda, la luI de la lm(ara que arde en el altar mayor&&&& susreflejos debilWsimos, que sNlo contribuWan hacer ms visible todo el(rofundo horror de las sombras, vW&&& le vW, madre, no lo dudis, vWun hombre que en silencio y vuelto de es(aldas hacia el sitio en queyo estaba, recorrWa con una mano las teclas del Nrgano, mientrastocaba con la otra sus registros&&& y el Nrgano sonabaS (ero sonabade una manera indescri(tible& :ada una de sus notas (arecWa un solloIoahogado dentro del tubo de metal, que vibraba con el aire com(rimidoen su hueco, y re(roducWa el tono sordo, casi im(erce(tible, (erojusto&

' el reloj, de la catedral continuaba dando la hora, y el hombre aquel(roseguWa recorriendo las teclas& 'o oWa hasta su res(iraciNn&

El horror habia helado la sangre de mis venasS sentWa en mi cuer(ocomo un frWo glacial, y en mis sienes fuego&&&& Entonces quise gritar,(ero no (ude& El hombre aquel habWa vuelto la cara y me habWamirado&&& digo mal, no me habWa mirado, (orque era ciego&&&& \Era mi(adreQ

))\BahQ hermana, desechad esas fantasWas con que el enemigo malo135(rocura turbar las imaginaciones dbiles&&&& +eIad un OPater"osterO1.5 y un OAve =ariaO1Y5 al arcngel 7an =iguel,1/5 jefe de las

milicias celestiales, (ara que os asista contra los malos es(Writus&Llevad al cuello un esca(ulario tocado en la reliquia de 7anPacomio,15 abogado contra las tentaciones, y marchad, marchad ocu(ar la tribuna del NrganoS la =isa va comenIar y ya es(eran conim(aciencia los fieles&&&& #uestro (adre est en el cielo, y desdeallW, antes que daros sustos, bajar ins(irar su hija en estaceremonia solemne (ara el objeto de tan es(ecial devociNn&

18ootnote 3* el enemigo malo& That is to say, the devil&5



18ootnote .* Pater "oster& 7ee (& YY, note 3&5

18ootnote Y* Ave =aria& MA form of devotion used in the :hurch of +ome, com(rising the salutation addressed by the angel Gabriel to the Blessed #irgin =ary& @Luke i& .4&D The ords Ave =aria are the first to, in Latin, of the form as it a((ears in the manuals of the +oman :hurch, thus* ? 9ail =ary @Ave =ariaD, full of grace, the Lord

is ith thee, etc&? To hich is a((ended the folloing (etition* ?9oly =ary, mother of God, (ray for us sinners no, and in the hour of our death& Amen&?&&& !t as not used before the 9ours, until the siteenth century, in +omish offices&M 9ook?s O:hurch ict&O, London, 344X, (& X.& 7ome say earlier&5

18ootnote /* 7an =iguel ?7t& =ichael&? MAn archangel mentioned in the Bible& 9e is regarded as the leader of the hole host of angels&&& 9e is s(oken of five times in the Bible, alays 1or to be more eact OusuallyO as fighting5 -ohn mentions him as fighting at the head of the angels against the dragon and his host&M O:entury ict&O5

18ootnote * 7an Pacomio ?7t& Pachomius&? MBorn (robably in Loer Egy(t, about ..* died about Y/& %ne of the founders of monasticism& 9e established a monastery on the island of Tabenna in the "ile, and as the first thus to collect the monks under one roof and establish strict rules of government for the community&M O:entury ietO&5

La (riora fu ocu(ar su sillNn en el coro en medio de la comunidad&La hija de maese PreI abriN con mano temblorosa la (uerta de latribuna (ara sentarse en el banquillo del Nrgano, y comenIN la =isa&

:omenIN la =isa, y (rosiguiN sin que ocurriese nada de notable hastaque llegN la consagraciNn&135 En aquel momento sonN el Nrgano, y almismo tiem(o que el Nrgano un grito de la hija de maese PreI&&&&

18ootnote 3* consagraciNn ?consecration&? MThe form of ords by hich the bread and ine in the =ass are changed into :hrist?s body and blood&M Addis and Arnold, O:atholic ietO, London, 344/, (& .3C& 7ee also (& 303, note .&5

La su(eriora, las monjas y algunos de los fieles corrieron latribuna&

))\=iradle, miradleQ decWa la joven fijando sus desencajados ojos enel banquillo, de donde se habWa levantado asombrada (ara agarrarse consus manos convulsas al barandal de la tribuna&

Todo el mundo fijN sus miradas en aquel (unto& El Nrgano estaba solo,y no obstante, el Nrgano seguWa sonando &&& sonando como sNlo losarcngeles (odrWan imitarlo en sus ra(tos de mWsticoalboroIo&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

))\"o os lo dije yo una y mil veces, mi seUora doUa Baltasara, no oslo dije yoQ&&& \AquW hay busilisQ&&& %idloS qu, no estuvWsteisanoche en la =isa del GalloR Pero, en fin ya sabris lo que (aso& Entoda 7evilla no se habla de otra cosa&&&& El seUor arIobis(o esthecho, y con raINn, una furia&&&& 9aber dejado de asistir 7anta



!nsS no haber (odido (resenciar el (ortento&&& y (ara quR (ara oiruna cencerradaS (orque (ersonas que lo oyeron dicen que lo que hiIo eldichoso organista de 7an Bartolom en la catedral no fu otra cosa&&&&7i lo decWa yo& Eso no (uede haberlo tocado el bisojo, mentira &&&aqui hay busilis, y el busilis era, en efecto, el alma de maese PreI&

LA :+;K EL !ABL%

>ue lo creas N no, me im(orta bien (oco& =i abuelo se lo narrN mi(adreS mi (adre me lo ha referido mW, y yo te lo cuento ahora,siquiera no sea mas que (or (asar el rato&135666

18ootnote 3* (or (asar el rato ?to hile aay the time&?5

!

El cre(_sculo comenIaba etender sus ligeras alas de va(or sobre las(intorescas orillas del 7egre,135 cuando des(us de una fatigosajornada llegamos Bellver,1.5 trmino de nuestro viaje&

18ootnote 3* 7egre& A river of the (rovince of Lrida in northern 7(ain& !t rises in the Pyrenees, and joins the Ebro tenty)to miles southest of Lrida& !ts chief tributary is the :inca& Length about .0 miles& 7ee O:entury ietO&5

18ootnote .* Bellver& A little ton of some C0 inhabitants, situated in the valley of the 7egre, in the diocese of ;rgel, (rovince of Lrida, 7(ain& !ts situation is very (icturesque& !t contains an ancient castle&5

Bellver es una (equeUa (oblaciNn situada la falda de una colina, (ordetrs de la cual se ven elevarse, como las gradas de un colosalanfiteatro de granito, las em(inadas y nebulosas crestas de losPirineos&135

18ootnote 3* Pirineos ?Pyrenees&? A mountain range hich se(arates 8rance from 7(ain, and etends from the Bay of Biscay to the =editerranean& The highest (oints are about 33,000 feet& A visit to the Eastern Pyrenees from the 7(anish side is much more difficult than from 8rance, as both traveling and hotel accommodations are

sadly lacking&5

Los blancos caserWos que la rodean, sal(icados aquW y all sobre unaondulante sbana de verdura, (arecen lo lejos un bando de (alomasque han abatido su vuelo (ara a(agar su sed en las aguas de la ribera&

;na (elada roca, cuyos (ies tuercen stas su curso, y sobre cuyacima se notan a_n remotos vestigios de construcciNn, seUala la antigualWnea divisoria entre el condado de ;rgel135 y el ms im(ortante desus feudos&



18ootnote 3* el condado de ;rgel ?the earldom @OorO countyD of ;rgel&? The ton of this name @.400 inhabitantsD is situated on the 7egre, seventy)four miles northest of Barcelona, in the (rovince of Lrida, 7(ain& !t has been the see of a bisho( since 4/0, and (ossesses a Gothic cathedral& The earldom as of considerable im(ortance in the fourteenth century, :ount -aime @-amesD de ;rgel

@d& 3/YYD being a most dangerous claimant of the cron of Aragon&5

la derecha del tortuoso sendero que conduce este (unto, remontandola corriente del rWo, y siguiendo sus curvas y frondosas mrgenes, seencuentra una cruI&

El asta y los braIos son de hierroS la redonda base en que se a(oya,de mrmol, y la escalinata que ella conduce, de obscuros y malunidos fragmentos de sillerWa&

La destructora acciNn de los aUos, que ha cubierto de orWn el metal,ha roto y carcomido la (iedra de este monumento, entre cuyashendiduras crecen algunas (lantas tre(adoras que suben enredndose

hasta coronarlo, mientras una vieja y cor(ulenta encina le sirve dedosel&

'o habWa adelantado algunos minutos mis com(aUeros de viaje, ydeteniendo mi esculida cabalgadura, contem(laba en silencio aquellacruI, muda y sencilla e(resiNn de las creencias y la (iedad de otrossiglos&

;n mundo de ideas se agol(o mi imaginaciNn en aquel instante& !deasligerWsimas, sin forma determinada, que unWan entre sW, como uninvisible hilo de luI, la (rofunda soledad de aquellos lugares, elalto silencio de la naciente noche y la vaga melancolWa de mies(Writu&

!m(ulsado de un (ensamiento religioso, es(ontneo indefinible, echmaquinalmente (ie tierra, me descubrW, y comenc buscar en elfondo de mi memoria una de aquellas oraciones que me enseUaron cuandoniUoS una de aquellas oraciones que, cuando ms tarde se esca(aninvoluntarias de nuestros labios, (arece que aligeran el (echoo(rimido, y semejantes las lgrimas, alivian el dolor, que tambintoma estas formas (ara eva(orarse&

'a habWa comenIado murmurarla, cuando de im(roviso sentW que mesacudWan con violencia (or los hombros&

#olvW la cara* un hombre estaba al lado mWo&

Era uno de nuestros guWas, natural del (aWs, el cual, con unaindescri(tible e(resiNn de terror (intada en el rostro, (ugnaba (orarrastrarme consigo y cubrir mi cabeIa con el fieltro que a_n tenWa enmis manos&

=i (rimera mirada, mitad de asombro, mitad de cNlera, equivalWa unainterrogaciNn enrgica, aunque muda&

El (obre hombre, sin cejar en su em(eUo de alejarme de aquel sitio,contestN ella con estas (alabras, que entonces no (ude com(render,



(ero en las que habWa un acento de verdad que me sobrecogiN*))\Por lamemoria de su madreQ \Por lo ms sagrado que tenga en el mundo,seUorito, c_brase usted la cabeIa, y aljese ms que de (risa de estacruIQ \Tan deses(erado est usted, que no bastndole la ayuda de ios,recurre la del demonioQ

'o (ermanecW un rato mirandole en silencio& 8rancamente, creW que

estaba loco, (ero l (rosiguiN con igual vehemencia*

));sted busca la fronteraS (ues bien, si delante de esa cruI le (ideusted al cielo que le (reste ayuda, las cumbres de los monies vecinosse levantarn en una sola noche hasta las estrellas invisibles, sNlo(orque no encontremos la raya en toda nuestra vida&

'o no (ude menos de sonreir&

))7e burla ustedR&&& cree acaso que esa es una cruI santa como ladel (orche de nuestra iglesiaR&&&

))>uien lo dudaR

))Pues se engaUa usted de medio medio, (orque esa cruI, salvo lo quetiene de ios, est maldita&&& esa cruI (ertenece un es(Writumaligno, y (or eso la llaman OLa cruI del diabloO&

))\La cruI del diabloQ re(etW cediendo sus instancias, sin darmecuenta mW mismo del involuntario temor que comenIN a(oderarse demi es(Writu, y que me rechaIaba como una fuerIa desconocida de aquellugarS \la cruI del diabloQ \"unca ha herido mi imaginaciNn unaamalgama ms dis(aratada de dos ideas tan absolutamente enemigasQ&&&\;na cruI&&& y del diabloQQQ \#aya, vayaQ 8uerIa sera que en llegando la (oblaciNn me e(liques este monstruoso absurdo&

urante este corto dilogo, nuestros camaradas, que habWan (icado suscabalgaduras, se nos reunieron al (ie de la cruIS yo les e(liqu enbreves (alabras lo que acababa de sucederS mont nuevamente en mirocWn, y las cam(anas de la (arroquia llamaban lentamente laoraciNn, cuando nos a(eamos en lo ms escondido y lNbrego de los(aradores de Bellver&

!!

Las llamas rojas y aIules se enroscaban chis(orroteando lo largo delgrueso tronco de encina que ardWa en el ancho hogarS nuestras sombras,

que se (royectaban temblando sobre los ennegrecidos muros, seem(equeUecWan N tomaban formas gigantescas, seg_n la hoguera des(edWares(landores ms N menos brillantesS el vaso de sa_co, ora vacWo, oralleno y no de agua, como cangilNn de noria, habia dado tres veces lavuelta en derredor del cWrculo que formbamos junto al fuego, y todoses(eraban con im(aciencia la historia de OLa cruI del diabloO, que guisa de (ostres de la frugal cena que acabbamos de consumir, se noshabWa (rometido, cuando nuestro guWa tosiN (or dos veces, se echN alcoleto un _ltimo trago de vino, lim(iNse con el revs de la mano laboca, y comenIN de este modo*



))9ace mucho tiem(o, mucho tiem(o, yo no s cunto, (ero los morosocu(aban a_n la mayor (arte de Es(aUa, se llamaban condes135 nuestrosreyes, y las villas y aldeas (ertenecWan en feudo ciertos seUores,que su veI (restaban homenaje otros ms (oderosos, cuando acaeciNlo que voy referir ustedes&1.5

18ootnote 3* condes ?counts,? ?earls&? The ord conde comes from the Latin Ocomes, comitemO, ?com(anion,? and during the +oman em(ire in 7(ain as a title of honor granted to certain officers ho had jurisdiction over ar and (eace& uring the reign of the Goths it as likeise an official and not a nobiliary title& Later, ith the groth of the feudal system, the counts became not merely royal officers, but hereditary rulers, ith coronets and arms and an assum(tion of absolute authority in their counties& !n some of these counties the title develo(ed later into that of king&5

18ootnote .* The e(och referred to is doubtless in the eleventh century before the first crusade& 7ee (& 3.., note 3&5

:oncluWda esta breve introducciNn histNrica, el hroe de la fiestaguardN silencio durante algunos segundos como (ara coordinar susrecuerdos, y (rosiguiN asW*

))Pues es el caso, que en aquel tiem(o remote, esta villa y algunasotras formaban (arte del (atrimonio de un noble barNn, cuyo castilloseUorial se levantN (or muchos siglos sobre la cresta de un (eUascoque baUa el 7egre, del cual toma su nombre&

A_n testifican la verdad de mi relaciNn algunas informes ruinas que,cubiertas de jaramago y musgo, se alcanIan ver sobre su cumbre desdeel camino que conduce este (ueblo&

"o s si (or ventura N desgracia quiso la suerte que este seUor, quien (or crueldad detestaban sus vasallos, y (or sus malas cualidadesni el rey admitWa en la corte, ni sus vecinos en el hogar, seaburriese de vivir solo con su mal humor y sus ballesteros en lo altode la roca en que sus ante(asados colgaron su nido de (iedra&

evanbase noche y dWa los sesos en busca de alguna distracciNn (ro(iade su carcter, lo cual era bastante difWcil, des(us de habersecansado como ya lo estaba, de mover guerra sus vecinos, a(alear sus servidores y ahorcar sus s_bditos&

En esta ocasiNn cuentan las crNnicas que se le ocurriN, aunque sinejem(lar, una idea feliI&

7abiendo que los cristianos de otras (oderosas naciones, se a(restaban (artir juntos en una formidable armada135 un (aWs maravilloso (araconquistar el se(ulcro de "uestro 7eUor -esucristo, que los morostenWan en su (oder,1.5 se determinN marchar en su seguimiento&

18ootnote 3* armada ?fleet&? The reference is (robably to the first crusade under Godfrey of Bouillon @30C)30D, hich resulted in the ca(ture of -erusalem and the tem(orary establishment of a :hristian kingdom in Palestine&5



18ootnote .* que los moros tenian en su (oder& 7ee (& Y, note /&5

7i realiIN esta idea con objeto de (urgar sus cul(as, que no eran(ocas, derramando su sangre en tan justa em(resa, N con el detrans(lantarse un (unto donde sus malas maUas no se conociesen, seignoraS (ero la verdad del caso es que, con gran contentamiento degrandes y chicos, de vasallos y de iguales, allegN cuanto dinero (udo,

redimiN sus (ueblos del seUorWo, mediante una gruesa cantidad, y noconservando de (ro(iedad suya ms que el (eUNn del 7egre y las cuatrotorres del castillo, herencia de sus (adres, desa(areciN de la noche la maUana&

La comarca entera res(irN en libertad durante alg_n tiem(o, como sides(ertara de una (esadilla&

'a no colgaban de los rboles de sus sotos, en veI de frutas, racimosde hombres* las muchachas del (ueblo no temWan al salir con su cntaroen la cabeIa tomar agua de la fuente del camino, ni los (astoresllevaban sus rebaUos al 7egre (or sendas im(racticables y ocultas,temblando encontrar cada revuelta de la trocha los ballesteros de

su muy amado seUor&

AsW transcurriN el es(acio de tres aUosS la historia del OmalcaballeroO, que sNlo (or este nombre se le conocWa, comenIaba (ertenecer al eclusivo dominio de las viejas, que en las eternasveladas del invierno las135 relataban con voI hueca y temerosa losasombrados chicosS las madres asustaban los (equeUuelosincorregibles N llorones diciendoles* O\que viene el seUor del7egreQO1.5 cuando he aquW que no s si un dia N una noche, si caWdodel cielo N abortado de los (rofundos, el temido seUor a(areciNefectivamente, y como suele decirse, en carne y hueso, en mitad de susantiguos vasallos&

18ootnote 3* las& 7ee vocabulary&5

18ootnote .* \que viene el seUor del 7egreQ :om(are the familiar English e(ression used to frighten children* MThe boogy)man is coming&M5

+enuncio describir el efecto de esta agradable sor(resa& ;stedes selo (odrn figurar mejor que yo (intarlo, sNlo con decirles que tornabareclamando sus vendidos derechos, que si malo se fu, (eor volviN, ysi (obre y sin crdito se encontraba antes de (artir la guerra, yano (odWa contar con ms recursos que su des(reocu(aciNn, su lanIa yuna media docena de aventureros tan desalmados y (erdidos como sujefe&

:omo era natural, los (ueblos se resistieron (agar tributes, que tanta costa habWan redimidoS (ero el seUor (uso fuego sus heredades, sus alquerWas y sus mieses&

Entonces a(elaron la justicia del reyS (ero el seUor se burlo de lascartas)leyes de los :ondes soberanosS135 las clavN en el (ostigo desus torres, y colgN los farsantes de una encina&

18ootnote 3* :ondes soberanos& 7ee (& 3.3, "ote 3&5



Eas(erados, y no encontrando otra vWa de salvaciNn, (or _ltimo, se(usieron de acuerdo entre sW, se encomendaron la ivina Providenciay tomaron las armasS (ero el seUor reuniN sus secuaces, llamN en suayuda al diablo, se encaramN su roca y se (re(arN la lucha& stacomenIN terrible y sangrienta& 7e (eleaba con todas armas, en todossitios y todas horas, con la es(ada y el fuego, en la montaUa y enla llanura, en el dWa y durante la noche&

Aquello no era (elear (ara vivirS era vivir (ara (elear&

Al cabo triunfN la causa de la justicia& %igan ustedes cNmo&

;na noche obscura, muy obscura, en que no se oWa ni un rumor en latierra ni brillaba un solo astro en el cielo, los senores de lafortaleIa, engreWdos (or una reciente victoria, se re(artWan el botWn,y ebrios con el va(or de los licores en mitad de la loca y estruendosaorgWa, entonaban sacrWlegos cantares en loor de su infernal (atrono&

:omo dejo dicho, nada se oWa en derredor del castillo, ece(to el ecode las blasfemias, que (al(itaban, (erdidas en el sombrWo seno de la

noche, como (al(itan las almas de los condenados envueltas en los(liegues del huracn de los infiernos&135

18ootnote 3* huracn de los infiernos& The idea is taken from ante?s O!nferno,O v&

! came into a (lace mute of all light, $hich bellos as the sea does in a tem(est, !f by o((osing inds ?t is combated&

The infernal hurricane that never rests 9urtles the s(irits onard in its ra(ineS $hirling them roundS and smiting, it molests them&

OLongfello?s translationO

!t is to this realm, here the carnal sinners are (unished, that ante relegates the lovers Paolo and 8rancesca da +imini&5

'a los descuidados centinelas habian fijado algunas veces sus ojos enla villa que re(osaba silenciosa, y se habian dormido sin temor unasor(resa, a(oyados en el grueso tronco de sus lanIas, cuando he aquWque algunos aldeanos, resueltos morir y (rotegidos (or la sombra,comenIaron escalar el cubierto (eUNn del 7egre, cuya cima tocaron (unto de la media noche&

;na veI en la cima, lo que faltaba (or hacer fu obra de (oco tiem(o*

los centinelas salvaron de un solo salto el valladar que se(ara alsueUo de la muerteS135 el fuego a(licado con teas de resina al (uentey al rastrillo, se comunicN con la ra(ideI del relm(ago los murosSy los escaladores, favorecidos (or la confusiNn y abrindose (asoentre las llamas, dieron fin con los habitantes de aquella guarida enun abrir y cerrar de ojos&

18ootnote 3* That is to say, they (assed suddenly from slee( to death& Tasso uses much the same figure, hen he says, in his OGerusalemme LiberataO, i& 34*



Oal sonno a la marts un (icciol varco&O 7mall is the gulf that lies ?tit slee( and death& 5

Todos (erecieron&

:uando el cercano dWa comenIN blanquear las altas co(as de losenebros, humeaban a_n los calcinados escombros de las des(lomadastorres, y travs de sus anchas brechas, chis(eando al herirla la luIy colgada de uno de los negros (ilares de la sala del festWn, erafcil divisar la armadura del temido jefe, cuyo cadver, cubierto desangre y (olvo, yacWa entre los desgarrados ta(ices y las calientesceniIas, confundido con los de sus obscuros com(aUeros&

El tiem(o (asNS comenIaron los IarIales rastrear (or los desiertos(atios, la hiedra enredarse en los obscuros machones, y lascam(anillas aIules mecerse colgadas de las mismas almenas& Losdesiguales so(los de la brisa, el graInido de las aves nocturnas y elrumor de los re(tiles, que se desliIaban entre las altas hierbas,

turbaban sNlo de veI en cuando el silencio de muerte de aquel lugarmaldecidoS los inse(ultos huesos de sus antiguos moradores blanqueabanal rayo de la luna, y a_n (odWa verse el haI de armas del seUor del7egre, colgado del negro (ilar de la sala del festWn&

"adie osaba tocarleS (ero corrWan mil fbulas acerca de aquel objeto,causa incesante de hablillas y terrores (ara los que le mirabanllamear durante el dia, herido (or la luI del sol, N creWan (ercibiren las altas horas de la noche el metlico son de sus (ieIas, quechocaban entre sW cuando las movWa el viento, con un gemido (rolongadoy triste&

(esar de todos los cuentos que a(ro(Nsito de la armadura sefraguaron, y que en voI baja se re(etWan unos otros los habitantesde los alrededores, no (asaban de cuentos, y el _nico ms (ositivo quede ellos resulto, se redujo entonces una dosis de miedo ms queregular, que cada uno de (or si se esforIaba en disimular lo (osible,haciendo, como decirse suele, de tri(as coraINn&

7i de aquW no hubiera (asado la cosa, nada se habrWa (erdido& Pero eldiablo, que lo que (arece no se encontraba satisfecho de su obra,sin duda& :on el (ermiso de ios y fin de hacer (urgar la comarcaalgunas cul(as, volviN tomar cartas en el asunto&

esde este momento las fbulas, que hasta aquella e(oca no (asaron deun rumor vago y sin viso alguno de verosimilitud, comenIaron tomarconsistencia y hacerse de dWa en dWa mas (robables&

En efecto, hacWa algunas noches que todo el (ueblo habWa (odidoobservar un etraUo fenNmeno&

Entre las sombras, lo lejos, ya subiendo las retorcidas cuestas del(eUNn del 7egre, ya vagando entre las ruinas del castillo, yacernindose al (arecer en los aires, se veWan correr, cruIarse,esconderse y tornar a(arecer (ara alejarse en distintas direccionesunas luces misteriosas y fantsticas cuya (rocedencia nadie sabWae(licar&



Esto se re(itiN (or tres N cuatro noches durante el intervalo de unmesS y los confusos aldeanos es(eraban inquietos el resultado deaquellos concilibulos, que ciertamente no se hiIo aguardar mucho,cuando tres N cuatro alquerWas incendiadas, varias reses desa(arecidasy los cadveres de algunos caminantes des(eUados en los (reci(icios,(usieron en alarma todo el territorio en dieI leguas la redonda&

'a no quedN duda alguna& ;na banda de malhechores se albergaba en lossubterrneos del castillo&

Estos, que sNlo se (resentaban al (rinci(io muy de tarde en tarde y endeterminados (untos del bosque que, a_n en el dWa, se dilata lolargo de la ribera, concluyeron (or ocu(ar casi todos los desfiladerosde las montaUas, emboscarse en los caminos, saquear los valles ydescender como un torrente la llanura, donde ste quiero ste noquiero, no dejaban tWtere con cabeIa&

Los asesinatos se multi(licabanS las muchachas desa(arecWan, y losniUos eran arrancados de las cunas (esar de los lamentos de sus

madres, (ara servirlos135 en diabNlicos festines, en que, seg_n lacreencia general, los vasos sagrados1.5 sustraWdos de las (rofanadasiglesias servWan de co(as&

18ootnote 3* servirlos& The sacrifice of children has alays been considered by (o(ular su(erstition as an essential (art in (ractices of black magic or in com(acts ith the devil&5

18ootnote .* los vasos sagrados& The sacred vessels of the church are said to (lay an im(ortant (art in demonolatry& The consecrated afers too are believed to be (ut to im(ro(er uses&5

El terror llego a(oderarse de los nimos en un grado tal, que altoque de oraciones nadie se aventuraba salir de su casa, en la queno siem(re se creWan seguros de los bandidos del (eUNn&

=as quines eran stosR e dNnde habWan venidoR :ul era el nombrede su misterioso jefeR 9e aquW el enigma que todos querWan e(licar yque nadie (odWa resolver hasta entonces, aunque se observase desdeluego que la armadura del seUor feudal habWa desa(arecido del sitioque antes ocu(ara,135 y (osteriormente varios labradores hubiesenafirmado que el ca(itn de aquella desalmada gavilla marchaba sufrente, cubierto con una, que de no ser la misma, se le asemejaba enun todo&

18ootnote 3* ocu(ara 7ee (& 3C, note Y&5

:uanto queda re(etido, si se le des(oja de esa (arte de fantasWa conque el miedo abulta y com(leta sus creaciones favoritas, nada tiene ensW de sobrenatural y etraUo& >u cosa ms corriente en unos bandidosque las ferocidades con que estos se distinguWan, ni ms natural queel a(oderarse su jefe de las abandonadas armas del seUor del 7egreR

7in embargo, algunas revelaciones hechas antes de morir (or uno de sussecuaces, (risionero en las _ltimas refriegas, acabaron de colmar lamedida, (reocu(ando el nimo de los ms incrdulos& Poco ms N menos,el contenido de su confesiNn fu ste*))'o, dijo, (erteneIco una



noble familia& Los etravWos de mi juventud, mis locas (rodigalidadesy mis crWmenes (or _ltimo atrajeron sobre mi cabeIa la cNlera de misdeudos y la maldiciNn de mi (adre, que me desheredN al e(irar&9allndome solo y sin recursos de ninguna es(ecie, el diablo sin dudadebiN sugerirme la idea de reunir algunos jNvenes que se encontrabanen una situaciNn idntica la mia, los cuales, seducidos con las(romesas de un (orvenir de disi(aciNn, libertad, y abundancia, no

vacilaron un instante en suscribir mis designios&

stos se reducWan formar una banda de jNvenes de buen humor,des(reocu(ados y (oco temerosos del (eligro, que desde allW enadelante vivirWan alegremente del (roducto de su valor y costa del(aWs, hasta tanto que ios se sirviera dis(oner de cada uno de ellosconforme su voluntad, seg_n hoy mW me sucede&

:on este objeto seUalamos esta comarca (ara teatro de nuestrase(ediciones futuras, y escogimos como (unto el ms (ro(osito (aranuestras reuniones el abandonado castillo del 7egre, lugar seguro, notanto (or su (osiciNn fuerte y ventajosa, como (or hallarse defendidocontra el vulgo (or las su(ersticiones y el miedo&

:ongregados una noche bajo sus ruinosas arcadas, alrededor de unahoguera que iluminaba con su rojiIo res(landor las desiertas galerWas,trabNse una acalorada dis(uta sobre cul de nosotros habWa de serelegido jefe&

:ada uno alegN sus mritosS yo e(use mis derechos* ya los unosmurmuraban entre sW con ojeadas amenaIadorasS ya los otros con vocesdescom(uestas (or la embriagueI habWan (uesto la mano sobre el (omo desus (uUales (ara dirimir la cuestiNn, cuando de re(ente oWmos unetraUo crujir de armas, acom(aUado de (isadas huecas y sonantes, quede cada veI se hacWan ms distintas& Todos arrojamos nuestroalrededor una inquieta mirada de desconfianIaS nos (usimos de (ie ydesnudamos nuestros aceros, determinados vender caras las vidasS(ero no (udimos (or menos de (ermanecer inmNviles al ver adelantarsecon (aso firme igual un hombre de elevada estatura, com(letamentearmado de la cabeIa al (ie y cubierto el rostro con la visera delcasco, el cual, desnudando su montante, que dos hombres (odrWan a(enasmanejar, y (onindole135 sobre uno de los carcomidos fragmentos de lasrotas arcadas, eclamN con una voI hueca y (rofunda, semejante alrumor de una caWda de aguas subterrneas*

18ootnote 3* (onindole& 7ee (& CC, note 3&5

))7i alguno de vosotros se atreve ser el (rimero, mientras yo habiteen el castillo del 7egre, que tome esa es(ada, signo del (oder&

Todos guardamos silencio, hasta que, transcurrido el (rimer momento deestu(or, le (roclamamos grandes voces nuestro ca(itn, ofrecindoleuna co(a de nuestro vino, la cual rehusN (or seUas, acaso (or nodescubrirse la faI, que en vano (rocuramos distinguir travs de lasrejillas de hierro que la ocultaban nuestros ojos&

"o obstante, aquella noche (ronunciamos el ms formidable de losjuramentos, y la siguiente dieron (rinci(io nuestras nocturnascorrerWas& En ellas nuestro misterioso jefe marchaba siem(re delantede todos& "i el fuego le ataja, ni los (eligros le intimidan, ni las



lgrimas le conmueven* "unca des(liega sus labiosS (ero cuando lasangre humea en nuestras manos, como cuando los tem(los se derrumbancalcinados (or las llamas* cuando las mujeres huyen es(antadas entrelas ruinas, y los niUos arrojan gritos de dolor, y los ancianos(erecen nuestros gol(es, contesta con una carcajada de feroI alegrWa los gemidos, las im(recaciones y los lamentos&

-ams se desnuda de sus armas ni abate la visera de su casco des(usde la victoria, ni (artici(a del festWn, ni se entrega al sueUo& Lases(adas que le hieren se hunden entre las (ieIas de su armadura, y nile causan la muerte, ni se retiran teUidas en sangreS el fuegoenrojece su es(aldar y su cota, y a_n (rosigue im(vido entre lasllamas, buscando nuevas vWctimasS des(recia el oro, aborrece lahermosura, y no le inquieta la ambiciNn&

Entre nosotros, unos le creen un etravaganteS otros un noblearruinado, que (or un resto de (udor se ta(a la caraS y no falta quiense encuentra convencido de que es el mismo diablo en (ersona&

El autor de esas revelaciones muriN con la sonrisa de la mofa en los

labios y sin arre(entirse de sus cul(asS varios de sus iguales lesiguieron en diversas (ocas al su(licioS (ero el temible jefe, ]quien continuamente se unWan nuevos (roslitos, no cesaba en susdesastrosas em(resas&

Los infelices habitantes de la comarca, cada veI mas aburridos ydeses(erados, no acertaban ya con la determinaciNn que deberWa tomarse(ara concluir de un todo con aquel orden de cosas, cada dWa msinso(ortable y triste&

!nmediato la villa, y oculto en el fondo de un es(eso bosque, vivWa esta saINn, en una (equeUa ermita dedicada 7an Bartolom135 unsanto hombre, de costumbres (iadosas y ejem(lares, quien el (ueblotuvo siem(re en olor de santidad, merced sus saludables consejos yacertadas (redicciones&

18ootnote 3* 7an Bartolome& 7ee (& ., note .&5

Este venerable ermitaUo, cuya (rudencia y (roverbial sabidurWaencomendaron los vecinos de Bellver la resoluciNn de este difWcil(roblema, des(us de im(lorar la misericordia divina (or medio de susanto Patrono, que, como ustedes no ignoran, conoce al diablo muy decerca, y en ms de una ocasiNn le ha atado bien corto,135 les aconsejNque se emboscasen durante la noche al (ie del (edregoso camino quesube ser(enteando (or la roca, en cuya cima se encontraba el castillo,encargndoles al mismo tiem(o que ya allW, no hiciesen uso de otrasarmas (ara a(rehenderlo que de una maravillosa oraciNn que les hiIo

a(render de memoria, y con la cual aseguraban las cronicas que 7anBartolome habia hecho al diablo su (risionero&?

18ootnote 3* le ha atado bien corto&&& su (risionero& 7ee (& ., note .&5

P_sose en (lanta el (royecto, y su resultado ecediN cuantases(eranIas se habWan concebidoS (ues a_n no iluminaba el sol del otrodWa la alta torre de Bellver, cuando sus habitantes, reunidos engru(os en la (laIa =ayor,135 se contaban unos otros con aire de



misterio, cNmo aquella noche fuertemente atado de (ies y manos y lomos de una (oderosa mula, habWa entrado en la (oblaciNn el famosoca(itn de los bandidos del 7egre&

18ootnote 3* la (laIa =ayor& The name of the (rinci(al square of the ton&5

e qu arte se valieron los acometedores de esta em(resa (ara llevarla trmino, ni nadie se lo acertaba e(licar, ni ellos mismos (odWandecirloS (ero el hecho era que, gracias la oraciNn del santo N alvalor de sus devotos, la cosa habWa sucedido tal como se referWa&

A(enas la novedad comenIN etenderse de boca en boca y de casa encasa, la multitud se lanIo las calles con ruidosa algaIara, y corriN reunirse las (uertas de la (risiNn& La cam(ana de la (arroquiallamN concejo, y los vecinos ms res(etables se juntaron enca(itulo, y todos aguardaban ansiosos la hora en que el reo habWa decom(arecer ante sus im(rovisados jueces&

stos, que se encontraban autoriIados (or los condes de ;rgel135 (ara

administrarse (or sW mismos (ronta y severa justicia sobre aquellosmalhechores, deliberaron un momento, (asado el cual, mandaroncom(arecer al delincuente fin de notificarle su sentencia&

18ootnote 3* condes de ;rgel& 7ee (& 334, note 3&5

:omo dejo dicho, asW en la (laIa =ayor, como en las calles (or dondeel (risionero debWa atravesar (ara dirigirse al (unto en que susjueces se encontraban, la im(aciente multitud hervWa como un a(iUadoenjambre de abejas& Es(ecialmente en la (uerta de la crcel, laconmociNn (o(ular tomaba cada veI mayores (ro(orciones, y ya losanimados dilogos, los sordos murmullos y los amenaIadores gritoscomenIaban (oner en cuidado sus guardas, cuando afortunadamentellego la orden de sacar al reo&

Al a(arecer ste bajo el maciIo arco de la (ortada de su (risiNn,com(letamente vestido de todas armas y cubierto el rostro con lavisera, un sordo y (rolongado murmullo de admiraciNn y de sor(resa seelevo de entre las com(actas masas del (ueblo, que se abrWan condificultad (ara dejarle (aso&

Todos habWan reconocido en aquella armadura la del seUor del 7egreSaquella armadura, objeto de las ms sombrias tradiciones mientras sela via sus(endida de los arruinados muros de la fortaleIa maldita&

Las armas eran aquellas, no cabWa duda algunaS todos habWan vistoflotar el negro (enacho de su cimera en los combates, que en un

tiem(o135 trabaran1.5 contra su seUorS todos le habWan visto agitarseal so(lo de la brisa del cre(_sculo, (ar de la hiedra del calcinado(ilar en que quedaron colgadas la muerte de su dueUo& =s quin(odrWa ser el desconocido (ersonaje que entonces las llevabaR Prontoiba saberse* al menos asW se creWa& Los sucesos dirn cNmo estaes(eranIa quede frustrada, la manera de otras muchas, y (orqu deeste solemne acto de justicia, del que debWa aguardarse el com(letoesclarecimiento de la verdad, resultaran nuevas y ms ine(licablesconfusiones&



18ootnote 3* en un tiem(o ?once u(on a time&?5

18ootnote .* 7ee (& 3C, note Y&5

El misterioso bandido (enetrN al fWn en la sala del concejo, y unsilencio (rofundo sucediN los rumores que se elevaran135 de entrelos circunstantes, al oir resonar bajo las altas bNvedas de aquel

recinto el metlico son de sus acicates de oro& ;no de los quecom(onWan el tribunal con voI lenta insegura, le (reguntN su nombre,y todos (restaron el oWdo con ansiedad (ara no (erder una sola (alabrade su res(uestaS (ero el guerrero se limitN encoger sus hombrosligeramente con un aire de des(recio e insulto, que no (udo menos deirritar sus jueces, los que se miraron entre sW sor(rendidos&

18ootnote 3* elevaran, dirigiera& 7ee (& 3C, note Y&5

Tres veces volviN re(etirle la (regunta, y otras tantas obtuvosemejante N (arecida contestaciNn&

))\>ue se levante la viseraQ \>ue se descubraQ \>ue se descubraQ

comenIaron gritar los vecinos de la villa (resentes al acto& \>ue sedescubraQ \#eremos si se atreve entonces insultarnos con su desden,como ahora lo hace (rotegido (or el incNgnitoQ

))escubrWos, re(itiN el mismo que anteriormente le dirigiera135 la(alabra&

18ootnote 3* elevaran, dirigiera& 7ee (& 3C, note Y&5

El guerrero (ermaneciN im(asible&

))%s lo mando en el nombre de nuestra autoridad&

La misma contestaciNn&

))En el de los condes soberanos&?135

18ootnote 3* condes soberanos& 7ee (& 3.3, note i, and (& 3.Y, 3&..&5

"i (or sas&135

18ootnote 3* "i (or sas ?"or did these @threatsD avail&?5

La indignaciNn llegN su colmo, hasta el (unto que uno de susguardas, lanIndose sobre el reo, cuya (ertinacia en callar bastarWa(ara a(urar la (aciencia un santo, le abriN violentamente la visera&

;n grito general de sor(resa se esca(N del auditorio, que (ermaneciN(or un instante herido de un inconcebible estu(or&

La cosa no era (ara menos&

El casco, cuya frrea visera se veWa en (arte levantada hasta lafrente, en (arte caWda sobre la brillante gola de acero, estabavacWo&&&com(letamente vacWo&

:uando (asado ya el (rimer momento de terror quisieron tocarle, la



armadura se estremeciN ligeramente, y descom(onindose en (ieIas, cayNal suelo con un ruido sordo y etraUo&

La mayor (arte de los es(ectadores, la vista del nuevo (rodigio,abandonaron tumultuosamente !a habitaciNn y salieron des(avoridos la(laIa&

La nueva se divulgN con la ra(ideI del (ensamiento entre la multitud,que aguardaba im(aciente el resultado)del juicioS y fu tal la alarma,la revuelta y la vocerWa, que ya nadie cu(o duda sobre lo que de(_blica voI se aseguraba, esto es, que el diablo, la muerte delseUor del 7egre, habWa heredado los feudos de Bellver&

Al fin se a(aciguN el tumulto, y decidiNse volver un calaboIo lamaravillosa armadura&

'a en l135 des(achronse cuatro emisarios, que en re(resentacion dela atribulada villa hiciesen (resente el caso al conde de ;rgel y alarIobis(o, los que no tardaron muchos dWas en tornar con la resoluciNnde estos (ersonajes, resoluciNn que, como suele decirse, era breve y

com(endiosa&

18ootnote 3* 'a en l& A bold elli(sis hich ould be inconsistent ith common usage in English&5

)):ulguese, les dijeron, la armadura en la (laIa =ayor de la villaSque si el diablo la ocu(a, fuerIa le ser] el abandonarla N ahorcarsecon ella&

Encantados los habitantes de Bellver con tan ingeniosa soluciNn,volvieron reunirse en concejo, mandaron levantar una altWsima horcaen la (laIa, y cuando ya la multitud ocu(aba sus avenidas, sedirigieron la crcel (or la armadura, en cor(oraciNn y con toda lasolemnidad que la im(ortancia del caso requerWa&

:uando la res(etable comitiva llego al maciIo arco que daba entrada aledificio, un hombre (lido y descom(uesto se arrojN al suelo en(resencia de los aturdidos circunstantes, eclamando con las lgrimasen los ojos*

))PerdNn, seUores, (erdNnQ

))PerdNnQS Para quinR dijeron algunosS (ara, el diablo, que habitadentro de la armadura del seUor del 7egreR

))Para mW, (rosiguiN con voI trmula el infeliI, en quien todosreconocieron al alcaide de las (risionesS (ara mW&&& (orque las

armas&&& ban desa(arecido&

Al oir estas (alabras, el asombro se (intN en el rostro de cuantos seencontraban en el (Nrtico, que, mudos inmNviles, hubieran(ermanecido en la (osiciNn en que se encontraban, ios sabe hastacundo, si la siguiente relaciNn del aterrado guardin no les hubierahecho agru(arse en su alrededor (ara escuchar con avideI*

Perdonadme, seUores, decWa el (obre alcaideS y yo no os ocultar nada,siquiera sea en contra mia&



Todos guardaron silencio, y l (rosiguio asW*

))'o no acertar nunca dar la raINnS (ero es el caso que la historiade las armas vacWas me (areciN siem(re una fbula tejida en favor dealg_n noble (ersonaje, quien tal veI altas raIones de conveniencia(_blica no (ermitWan ni descubrir ni castigar&

En esta creencia estuve siem(re, creencia en que no (odWa menos deconfirmarme la inmovilidad en que se encontraban desde que (or segundaveI tornaron la crcel traWdas del concejo& En vano una noche yotra, deseando sor(render su misterio, si misterio en ellas habWa, melevantaba (oco (oco y a(licaba el oido los intersticios de laferrada (uerta de su calaboIoS ni un rumor se (ercibWa&

En vano (rocur observarlas travs de un (equeUio agujero (roducidoen el muroS arrojadas sobre un (oco de (aja y en uno de los msobscures rincones, (ermanecian un dWa y otro descom(uestas inmNviles&

;na noche, (or _ltimo, aguijoneado (or la curiosidad y deseandoconvencerme (or mW mismo de que aquel objeto de terror nada tenia demisterioso, encendi una linterna, baj a las (risiones, levante susdobles aldabas, y no cuidando siquiera))tanta era mi fe en que todo no(asaba de un cuento))de cerrar las (uertas tras mW, (enetr en elcalaboIo& "unca lo hubiera hechoS a(enas anduve algunos (asos, la luIde mi linterna se a(agN (or sW sola, y mis dientes comenIaron chocar, y mis cabellos eriIarse& Turbando el (rofundo silencio queme rodeaba, habWa oWdo como un ruido de hierros, que se removWan ychocaban al unirse entre las sombras&

=i (rimer movimiento fu arrojarme la (uerta (ara cerrar el (aso,(ero al asir sus hojas, sentW sobre mis hombros una mano formidablecubierta)con un guantelete, que des(us de sacudirme con violencia mederribN sobre el dintel& AllW (ermanecW hasta la maUana siguiente, queme encontraron mis servidores falto de sentido, y recordando sNlo quedes(ues de mi caWda, habWa creWdo (ercibir confusamente como unas(isadas sonoras, al com(s de las cuales resonaba un rumor dees(uelas, que (oco (oco se fu alejando hasta (erderse&

:uando concluyN el alcaide, reinN un silencio (rofundo, al que siguiNluego un infernal concierto de lamentaciones, gritos y amenaIas&

Trabajo costN los ms (acificos el contener al (ueblo que, furiosocon la novedad, (edWa grandes voces la muerte del curioso autor desu nueva desgracia&

Al cabo logrNse a(aciguar el tumulto, y comenIaron dis(onerse unanueva (ersecutiNn& sta obtuvo tambin un resultado satisfactorio&

Al cabo de algunos dWas, la armadura volviN encontrarse en (oder desus (erseguidores& :onocida la fNrmula, y mediante la ayuda de 7anBartolom,135 la cosa no era ya muy difWcil&

18ootnote 3* 7an Bartolom& 7ee (& ., note .&5

Pero a_n quedaba algo (or hacer* (ues en vano, fin de sujetarlo, lo



colgaron de una horcaS en vano em(learon la ms equisita vigilanciacon el objeto de quitarle toda ocasiNn de esca(arse (or esos mundos&En cuanto las desunidas armas veWan dos dedos de luI, se encajaban, y(ian (ianito volvWan tomar el trote y em(render de nuevo susecursiones (or montes y llanos, que era una bendiciNn del cielo&

Aquello era el cuento de nunca acabar&135

18ootnote 3* Aquello era el cuento de nunca acabar ?!t as a never)ending story&? %ne of the sort that seems to reach a clima only to begin over again&5

En tan angustiosa situaciNn, los vecinos se re(artieron entre sW las(ieIas de la armadura, que acaso (or la centsima veI se encontraba ensus manos, y rogando135 al (iadoso eremita, que un dWa los iluminN consus consejos, decidiera lo que debWa hacerse de ella&

18ootnote 3* y rogando& A careless and incorrect construction hich leaves the sentence incom(lete& Better y rogaron& "otice the omission of the conjunction que before the subjunctive decidiera&

This is a frequent 7(anish usage&5

El santo varNn ordeno al (ueblo una (enitencia general& 7e encerr (ortres dWas en el fondo de una caverna que le servWa de asilo, y al cabode ellos dis(uso que se fundiesen las diabNlicas armas, y con ellas yalgunos sillares del castillo del 7egre, se levantase una cruI&

La o(eraciNn se llevo trmino, aunque no sin que nuevos yaterradores (rodigies llenasen de (avor el animo de los consternadoshabitantes de Bellver&

En tanto que las (ieIas arrojadas las llamas comenIaban enrojecerse, largos y (rofundos gemidos (arecWan esca(arse de la anchahoguera, de entre cuyos troncos saltaban135 como si estuvieran vivas ysintiesen la acciNn del fuego& ;na tromba de chis(as rojas, verdes yaIules danIaba en la c_s(idede sus encendidas lenguas, y se retorcWancrujiendo como si una legiNn de diablos, cabalgando sobre ellas,(ugnasen (or libertar su seUor de aquel tormento&

18ootnote 3* saltaban& The antecedent must be (ieIas, although it is too remote to be obvious& 7uch loose constructions are not to be recommended& 5

EtraUa, horrible fu la o(eraciNn, en tanto que la candente armadura(erdWa su forma (ara tomar la de una cruI&

Los martillos, caWan resonando con un es(antoso estruendo sobre el

yunque, al que veinte trabajadores vigorosos sujetaban las barras delhirviente metal, que (al(itaba y gemWa al sentir los gol(es&

'a se etendWan los braIos del signo de nuestra redenciNn, yacomenIaba formarse la cabecera, cuando la diabNlica y encendida masase retorcWa de nuevo como en una convulsiNn es(antosa, y rodendose alcuer(o de los desgraciados, que (ugnaban (or desasirse de sus braIosde muerte, se enroscaba en anillas como una culebra, N se contraWa enIigIag como un relm(ago&



El constante trabajo, la fe, las oraciones y el agua benditaconsiguieron, (or _ltimo, vencer el es(Writu infernal y la armadura seconvirtiN en cruI&

Esa cruI es la que hoy habis visto, y la cual se encuentra sujetoel diablo que le (resta su nombreS ante ella, ni las jNvenes colocanen el mes de =ayo135 ramilletes de lirios, ni los (astores se

descubren al (asar, ni los ancianos se arrodillan, bastando a(enas lasseveras amonestaciones del clero (ara que los muchachos no laa(edreen&

18ootnote 3* en el mes de =ayo& To celebrate the festival of =ay)day&5

ios ha cerrado sus oWdos cuantas (legarias se le dirijan en su(resencia& En el invierno los lobos se reunen en manadas junto alenebro que la (rotege, (ara lanIarse sobre las resesS los bandidoses(eran su sombra los caminantes, que entierran su (ie des(usque los asesinanS y cuando la tem(estad se desata, los rayos tuercensu camino (ara liarse, silbando, al asta de esa cruI y rom(er los

sillares de su (edestal&

:+EE E" !%7

:"T!GA P+%#E"KAL

'o fuW el verdadero Teobaldo de =ontagut, barNn de 8ortcastell&135"oble N villano, seUor N (echero, t_, cualquiera que seas, que tedetienes un instante al borde de mi se(ultura, cree en ios, como yohe creWdo, y rugale (or mW&

18ootnote 3* Teobaldo de =ontagut, barNn de 8ortcastell& The name of Teobaldo, does not figure in mediaeval :atalonia, nor the barony of 8ortcastell& This inscri(tion is (robably a literary fiction&5

!

"obles aventureros, que (uesta la lanIa en la cuja, caWda la viseradel casco y jinetes sobre un corcel (oderoso, recorris la tierra sinms (atrimonio que vuestro nombre clarWsimo y vuestro montante,buscando honra y (reI en la (rofesiNn de las armasS si al atravesar elquebrado valle de =ontagut 18oonote* 35 os han sor(rendido en l latormenta y la noche, y habis encontrado un refugio en las ruinas delmonasterio que a_n se ve en su fondo, oidme&

18ootnote 3* =ontagut& The mountains of =ontagut, hich rise to a height of Y3. teet, are situated in the (rovince of Tarragona,



7(ain&5

!!

Pastores, que seguWs con lento (aso vuestras ovejas que (acenderramadas (or las colinas y las llanurasS si al conducirlas al bordedel trans(arente riachuelo que corre, forcejea y salta (or entre los(eWiascos del valle de =ontagut en el rigor del verano, y en unasiesta de fuego habis encontrado la sombra y el re(oso al (ie de lasderruWdas arcadas del monasterio, cuyos musgosos (ilares besan lasondas, oidme&

!!!

"iUas de las cercanas aldeas, lWrios silvestres que crecis felices alabrigo de vuestra humildadS si en la maUana del santo Patrono de estoslugares, al bajar al valle de =ontagut coger trboles y margaritascon que embellecer su retablo, venciendo el temor que os ins(ira elsombrWo monasterio que se alIa en sus (eUas, habis (enetrado en suclaustro mudo y desierto (ara vagar entre sus abandonadas tumbas, cuyos bordes crecen las margaritas ms dobles y los jacintos masaIules, oidme&

!#

T_, noble caballero, tal veI al res(landor de un relm(agoS t_, (astorerrante, calcinado (or los rayos del solS t_, en fin, hermosa niUa,cubierta a_n con gotas de rocWo semejantes lgrimas, todas habrisvisto en aquel santo lugar una tumba, una tumba humilde& Antes lacom(onWan una (iedra tosca y una cruI de (aloS la cruI hadesa(arecido, y sNlo queda la (iedra& En esa tumba, cuya inscri(ciNnes el mote de mi canto, re(osa en (aI el _ltimo barNn de 8ortcastell,Teobaldo de =ontagut,135 del cual voy referiros la (eregrinahistoria&

18ootnote 3* Teobaldo de =ontagut& 7ee (, 3/0, note !&5

6 6 6 6 6

!

:uando la noble condesa de =ontagut estaba en cinta de su (rimognitoTeobaldo, tuvo un ensueUo misterioso y terrible& Acaso un aviso deiosS tal veI una vana fantasWa, que el tiem(o realiIN ms adelante&7oUN que en su seno engendraba una ser(iente, una ser(iente monstruosaque, arrojando agudos silbidos, y ora arrastrndose entre la menuda



hierba, ora re(legndose sobre sW misma (ara saltar, huyN de su vista,escondindose al fin entre unas IarIas&

))\AllW estQ \allW estQ gritaba la condesa en su horrible (esadilla,seUalando sus servidores la IarIa en que se habWa escondido elasqueroso re(til&

:uando sus servidores llegaron (resurosos al (unto que la noble dama,inmNvil y (resa de un (rofundo terror, les seUalaba a_n con el dedo,una blanca (aloma se levantN de entre las breUas y se remontN lasnubes&

La ser(iente habWa desa(arecido&

!!

Teobaldo vino al mundo, su madre muriN al darlo luI, su (adre

(ereciN algunos aUos des(us en una emboscada, (eleando como buenocontra los enemigos de ios&135

18ootnote 3* los enemigos de ios& The =oors are meant here&5

esde este (unto la juventud del (rimognito de 8ortcastell sNlo (uedecom(ararse un huracn& Por donde (asaba se veWa seUalando su caminoun rastro de lgrimas y de sangre& Ahorcaba sus (echeros, se batWacon sus iguales, (erseguWa las doncellas, daba de (alos losmonjes, y en sus blasfemias y juramentos ni dejaba 7anto en (aI nicosa sagrada que no maldijese&

!!!

;n dWa en que saliN de caIa, y que, como era su costumbre, hiIo entrar guarecerse de la lluvia toda su endiablada comitiva de (ajeslicenciosos, arqueros desalmados y siervos envilecidos, con (erros,caballos y gerifaltes, en la iglesia de una aldea de sus dominios, unvenerable sacerdote, arrostrando su cNlera y sin temer los violentosarranques de su carcter im(etuoso, le conjuro en nombre del cielo yllevando una hostia consagrada en sus manos, que abandonase aquellugar y fuese (ie y con un bordNn de romero (edir al Pa(a laabsoluciNn de sus cul(as&

))\jame en (aI, viejo locoQ eclamN Teobaldo al oirleS djame en(aIS N ya que no he encontrado una sola (ieIa durante el dWa, tesuelto mis (erros y te caIo como un jabalW (ara distraerme&

!#



Teobaldo era hombre de hacer lo que decWa& El sacerdote, sin embargo,se limitN contestarle*))9aI lo que quieras, (ero ten (resente quehay un ios que castiga y (erdona, y que si muero tus manos borrarmis cul(as del libro de su indignaciNn, (ara escribir tu nombre yhacerte e(iar tu crimen&

))\;n ios que castiga y (erdonaQ (rorrum(iN el sacrWlego barNn con

una carcajada& #o no creo en ios, y (ara darte una (rueba voy cum(lirte lo que te he (rometidoS (orque aunque (oco reIador, soyamigo de no faltar mis (alabras& \+aimundoQ \GerardoQ \PedroQ AIuIadla jaurWa, dadme el venablo, tocad el OalaliO en vuestras trom(as, quevamos darle caIa este imbcil, aunque se suba los retablos desus altares&

#

'a des(us de dudar un instante y una nueva orden de su seUor,

comenIaban los (ajes desatar los lebreles, que aturdWan la iglesiacon sus ladridosS ya el barNn habWa armado su ballesta riendo con unalisa de 7atans, y el venerable sacerdote, murmurando una (legaria,elevaba sus ojos al cielo y es(eraba tranquilo la muerte, cuando seoyN fuera del sagrado recinto una vocerWa horrible, bramidos detrom(as que hacWan seUales de ojeo, y gritos de O\Al jabaliQ))\Por KasbreUasQ))\9acia el monteQO Teobaldo, al anuncio de la deseada res,corriN las (uertas del santuario, ebrio de alegrWaS tras l fueronsus servidores, y con sus servidores los caballos y los lebreles&

#!

))\Por dNnde va el jabalWR (reguntN el barNn subiendo su corcel, sina(oyarse en el estribo ni desarmar la ballesta&))Por la caUada que seetiende al (ie de esas colinas, le res(ondieron& 7in escuchar la_ltima (alabra, el im(etuoso caIador hundiN su acicate de oro en elijar del caballo, que (artiN al esca(e& Tras l (artieron todos&

Los habitantes de la aldea, que fueron los (rimeros en dar la voI dealarma, y que al a(roimarse el terrible animal se habWan guarecido ensus choIas, asomaron tWmidamente la cabeIa los quicios de susventanasS y cuando vieron desa(arecer la infernal comitiva (or entreel follaje de la es(esura, se santiguaron en silencio&

#!!

Teobaldo iba delante de todos& 7u corcel, ms ligero N ms castigadoque los de sus servidores, seguWa tan de cerca la res, que dos Ntres veces, dejndole la brida sobre el cuello al fogoso bruto, sehabWa em(inado sobre los estribos, y echdose al hombro la ballesta(ara herirlo& Pero el jabalW, al que sNlo divisaba intervalos entre



los es(esos matorrales, tomaba desa(arecer de su vista (aramostrrsele de nuevo fuera del alcance de su armas&

AsW corriN muchas horas, atravesN las caUadas del valle y el (edregosolecho del rWo, internndose en un bosque inmenso, se (erdiN entresus sombrWas revueltas, siem(re fijos los ojos en la codiciada res,siem(re creyendo alcanIarla, siem(re vindose burlado (or su agilidad

maravillosa&

#!!!

Por _ltimo, (udo encontrar una ocasiNn (ro(iciaS tendiN el braIo yvolN la saeta, que fu clavarse temblando en el lomo del terribleanimal, que diN un salto y un es(antoso bufido&))\=uerto estQ eclamacon un grito de alegrWa el caIador, volviendo hundir (or lacentsima veI el acicate en el sangriento ijar de su caballoS \muertoestQ en balde huye& El rastro de la sangre que arroja marca su

camino& ' esto diciendo, comenIN hacer en la bocina la seUal deltriunfo (ara que la oyesen sus servidores&

En aquel instante el corcel se detuvo, flaquearon sus (iernas, unligero temblor agitN sus contraWdos m_sculos, cayN al suelodes(lomado, arrojando (or la hinchada nariI cubierta de es(uma un caUode sangre&

9abWa muerto de fatiga, habWa muerto cuando la carrera del heridojabalW comenIaba acortarseS cuando bastaba un solo esfuerIo ms (araalcanIarlo&

!J

Pintar la ira del colrico Teobaldo, serWa im(osible& +e(etir susmaldiciones y sus blasfemias, sNlo re(etirlas, fuera escandaloso im(Wo& LlamN grandes voces sus servidores, y _nicamente lecontestN el eco en aquellas inmensas soledades, y se arrancN loscabellos y se mesN las barbas, (resa de la ms es(antosadeses(eraciNn&))Le seguir la carrera, aun cuando haya dereventarme, eclamo al fin, armando de nuevo su ballesta ydis(onindose seguir la resS (ero en aquel momento sintiN ruido sus es(aldasS se entreabrieron las ramas de la es(esura, y se (resentN sus ojos un (aje que traWa del diestro un corcel negro como la

noche&

))El cielo me lo envWa, dijo el caIador, lanIndose sobre sus lomosgil como un gamo& El (aje, que era delgado, muy delgado, y amarillocomo la muerte, se sonriN de una manera etraUa al (resentarle labrida&

J



El caballo relinchN con una fuerIa que hiIo estremecer el bosque, diNun bote increWble, un bote en que se levantN ms de dieI varas delsuelo, y el aire comenIN Iumbar en los oWdos del jinete, como Iumbauna (iedra arrojada (or la honda& 9abWa (artido al esca(eS (ero unesca(e tan r(ido, que temeroso de (erder los estribos y caer tierra

turbado (or el vrtigo, tuvo que cerrar los ojos y agarrarse con ambasmanos sus135 flotantes crines&

18ootnote 3* sus& The antecedent is logically, but not grammatically evident&5

' sin agitar sus riendas, sin herirle con el acicate ni animarlo conla voI, el corcel corrWa, corrWa sin detenerse& :uanto tiem(o corriNTeobaldo con l, sin saber (or donde, sintiendo que las ramas leabofeteaban el rostro al (asar, y los IarIales desgarraban susvestidos, y el viento silbaba su alrededorR "adie lo sabe&

J!

:uando recobrando el nimo, abriN los ojos un instante (ara arrojar entorno suyo una mirada inquieta, se encontrN lejos, muy lejos de=ontagut, y en unos lugares, (ara l com(letamente etraUos& El corcelcorrWa, corrWa sin detenerse, y rboles, rocas, castillos y aldeas(asaban su lado como una ehalaciNn& "uevos y nuevos horiIontes seabrWan ante su vistaS horiIontes que se borraban (ara dejar lugar otros ms y ms desconocidos& #alles angostos, eriIados de colosalesfragmentos de granito que las tem(estades habian arrancado de lacumbre de las montaUas, alegres cam(iUas, cubiertas de un ta(iI deverdura y sembradas de blancos caserWosS desiertos sin lWmites, dondehervWan las arenas calcinadas (or los rayos de un sol de fuegoS vastassoledades, llanuras inmensas, regiones de eternas nieves, donde losgigantescos tm(anos asemejaban, destacndose sobre un cielo gris yobscuro, blancos fantasmas que etendWan sus braIos (ara asirle (orlos cabellos al (asarS todo esto, y mil y mil otras cosas que yo no(odr deciros, viN en su fantstica carrera, hasta tanto que envueltoen una niebla obscuraS dejN de (ercibir el ruido que (roducWan loscascos del caballo al herir la tierra&

6 6 6 6 6

!

"obles caballeros, sencillos (astores, hermosas niUas que escuchis mirelato, si os maravilla lo que os cuento, no creis que es una fbulatejida mi antojo (ara sor(render vuestra credulidadS de boca en bocaha llegado hasta mW esta tradiciNn, y la leyenda del se(ulcro135 quea_n subsiste en el monasterio de =ontagut, es un testimonioirrecusable de la veracidad de mis (alabras&



18ootnote 3* la leyenda del se(ulcro& 7ee (& 3/0, note 3&5

:reed, (ues, lo que he dicho, y creed lo que a_n me resta (or decir,que es tan cierto como lo anterior, aunque ms maravilloso& 'o (odracaso adornar con algunas galas de la (oesWa el desnudo esqueleto deesta sencilla y terrible historia, (ero nunca me a(artar un (unto dela verdad sabiendas&

!!

:uando Teobaldo dejN de (ercibir las (isadas de su corcel y se sintiNlanIado en el vacWo, no (udo re(rimir un involuntario estremecimientode terror& 9asta entonces habWa creWdo que los objetos que sere(resentaban sus ojos eran fantasmas de su imaginaciNn, turbada (orel vrtigo, y que su corcel corrWa desbocado, es verdad, (ero corrWa,sin salir del trmino de su seUorWo& 'a no le quedaba duda de que erael juguete de un (oder sobrenatural que le arrastraba sin que su(iese

dNnde, travs de aquellas nieblas obscuras, de aquellas nubes deformas ca(richosas y fantsticas, en cuyo seno, que se iluminaba veces con el res(landor de un relm(ago, creWa distinguir lashirvientes centellas, (rNimas des(renderse&

El corcel corrWa, N mejor dicho nadaba en aquel ocano de va(orescaliginosos y encendidos, y las maravillas del cielo ro comenIaron des(legarse unas tras otras ante los es(antados ojos de su jinete&

!!!

:abalgando sobre las nubes, vestidos de luengas t_nicas con orlas defuego, suelta al huracn la encendida cabellera, y blandiendo suses(adas que relam(agueaban arrojando chis(as de crdena luI, vio losngeles, ministros de la cNlera del 7eUor, cruIar como un formidableejrcito sobre alas de la tem(estad&

' subiN ms alto, y creyN divisar lo lejos las tormentosas nubessemejantes un mar de lava, y oyN mugir el trueno sus (ies comomuge el ocano aIotando la roca desde cuya cima le contem(la elatNnito (eregrino&

!#

' viN el arcngel, blanco como la nieve, que sentado sobre un inmensoglobo de cristal,135 lo dirige (or el es(acio en las noches serenas,como un bajel de (lata sobre la su(erficie de un lago aIul&

18ootnote 3* globo de cristal& The moon& Longfello thus translates ante?s descri(tion of the s(here of the moon in canto !! of the OParadiso*O



!t seemed to me a cloud encom(assed us, Luminous, dense, consolidate and bright As adamant on hich the sun is striking& !nto itself did the eternal (earl +eceive us&&&

5

' viN el sol volteando encendido sobre ejes de oro en una atmNsfera decolores y de fuego, y en su foco los Wgneos es(Writus135 que habitanincNlumes entre las llamas, y desde su ardiente seno entonan al:riador himnos de alegrWa&

18ootnote 3* Wgneos es(Writus& These are not elemental s(irits @see (&/X, note 3D, but are either angelic beings of a fiery nature, or the s(irits of the blessed in the s(here of the sun, of hom ante s(eaks as follos*

Lights many sa, vivid and trium(hant,

=ake us a center and themselves a circle, =ore seet in voice than luminous in as(ect,

$ithin the court of 9eaven, hence ! return, Are many jeels found, so fair and (recious They cannot be trans(orted from the realmS

And of them as the singing of these lights& Oante?s Paradiso, canto J, Longfello?stranslation&O5

#iN los hilos de luI im(erce(tibles que atan los hombres lasestrellas,135 y viN el arco Wris, echado como un (uente colosal sobreel abismo que se(ara al (rimer cielo del segundo&1.5

18ootnote 3* A reference doubtless to the (oer of the stars to influence the destiny of man, ith hich subject astrology concerns itself& :om(are))

That hich Timasus argues of the soul oth not resemble that hich here is seen, Because it seems that as he s(eaks he thinks&

9e says the soul unto its star returns, Believing it to have been severed thence $henever nature gave it as a form&

Perha(s his doctrine is of other guise Than the ords sound, and (ossibly may be $ith meaning that is not to be derided&

!f he doth mean that to these heels return The honor of their influence and the blame, Perha(s his bo doth hit u(on some truth&

% glorious stars, % light im(regnated $ith mighty virtue, from hich ! acknoledge



All my genius, hatso?er it be&

O!dem, canto?s !# and JJ!!&O5

18ootnote .* (rimer cielo, segundo& Belief in a series of heavenly s(heres, such as ante describes, has characteriIed most mystical (hiloso(hies&5

#

Por una escala135 misteriosa viN bajar las almas la tierraS viNbajar muchas, y subir (ocas&1.5 :ada una de aquellas almas inocentesiba acom(aUada de un arcngel (urWsimo que le cubrWa con la sombra desus alas& Los que tornaban solos, tornaban en silencio y con lgrimasen los ojosS los que no, subWan cantando como suben las alondras enlas maUanas de AbrilR1Y5

18ootnote 3* escala& ante mentions a similar stairay in canto JJ!! of the OParadisoO, and intimates that the vision of it is disclosed only to true mystics&

9e thereu(on* MBrother, thy high desire !n the remotest s(here shall be fulfilled, $here are fulfilled all others and my on&

There (erfect is, and ri(ened, and com(lete, Every desireS ithin that one alone !s every (art here it has alays beenS

8or it is not in s(ace, nor turns on (oles, And unto it our stairay reaches u(, thus from out thy sight it steals aay&

;( to that height the Patriarch -acob sa it Etending its su(ernal (art, hst time 7o thronged ith angels it a((eared to him&

But to ascend it no no one u(lifts 9is feet from off the earth&&&&M

OLongfello?s translationO&5

18ootnote .* (ocas& Because, in com(arison ith the number of souls born into earthly bodies, but fe esca(e the snares of evil and rise

again to their original state of innocence&5

18ootnote Y* Though the idea is somehat different, there is a certain (arallelism in the (icture evoked by the closing verses of +ossetti?s (oem MThe Blessed amoIel&M The amoIel is re(resented as aiting for her lover on the ram(arts of heaven&

7he gaIed and listened and then said, Less sad of s(eech than mild,))



MAll this is hen he comes&M 7he ceased& The light thrilled toards her, fill?d

$ith angels in strong level flight& 9er eyes (rayed, and she smiled&

@! sa her smile&D But soon their (ath

$as vague in distant s(heres*

And then she cast her arms along The golden barriers,

And laid her face beteen her hands, And e(t& @! heard her tears&D

5

es(us las tinieblas rosadas y aIules que flotaban en el es(acio,como cortinas de gasa trans(arente, se rasgaron como el dWa degloria135 se rasga en nuestros tem(los el velo de los altares, y el

(araWso de los justos se ofreciN sus miradas deslumbrador ymagnifico&1.5

18ootnote 3* el dWa de gloria& :alled also O7bado de gloriaO, ?9oly 7aturday&? Muring the last to eeks of Lent, the (ictures and statues throughout the :atholic :hurch are covered by a (ur(le cloth and uncovered on 9oly 7aturday& !n (arts of 7(ain this unveiling is effected suddenly by rending them ith a s(ear or lance, so as to reveal all the (ictures and statues at the same time&M 9ence the com(arison&5

18ootnote .* +ead ante?s descri(tion in canto JJJ!! of the OParadisoO5

#!

AllW estaban los santos (rofetas que habris visto groseramenteescul(idos en las (ortadas de (iedra de nuestras catedralesS allW lasvWrgenes luminosas,135 que intenta en vano co(iar de sus sueUos el(intor en los vidrios de colores de las ojivasS allW losquerubines,1.5 con sus largas y flotantes vestiduraR y sus nimbos deoro, como los de las tablas de los altaresS allW, en fin, coronada deestrellas, vestida de luI, rodeada de todas las jerarquWas celestes, yhermosa sobre toda (onderaciNn, "uestra 7eUora de =onserrat,1Y5 la

=adre de ios, la +eina de los arcngeles, el am(aro de los (ecadoresy el consuelo de los afligidos&1/5

18ootnote 3* las vWrgenes luminosas& O#irginO is Mone of the titles and grades given by the church, by hich are distinguished the choirs of sainted omen ho have (reserved their integrity and (urity&M Oiccionario Enciclo(dico 9is(ano)AmericanoO& :om(are))

&&& de humildes y (enitentes confesores, y de aquel coro)ms blanco que la nieve, de OvWrgenesO (urWsimas&



+ivadeneira&

&&& los estados de los mrtires, confesores y OvWrgenesO cantaron unos los triunfos de los otros&

P& =artWn de +oa&

By OluminosasO is suggested the halo of light that surrounds them, (roceeding from their on sanctity and re(resented in the stained)glass indos&5

18ootnote .* querubines& +ead ante?s descri(tion of the heavenly hierarchy in canto JJ#!!! of the OParadisoO& 7ee also (& /X, note 3&5

18ootnote Y* "uestra 7eUora de =onserrat ?%ur Lady of =ontserrat,? the #irgin as venerated in the famous monastery of this name& MThe monastery oes its foundation to the miraculous image of the #irgin, the handiork of Luke the A(ostle, hich as brought to Barcelona in

the year of our Lord 0, by 7t& Peter himself& At the time of the =oorish invasion, in X3X, the Goths hid it in the hill, here it remained until 440, hen 7ome she(herds ere attracted to the s(ot by heavenly lightd, etc&, hereu(on Gondemar Bisho( of #ique @guided also by a Oseet smellOD found the image in a cave& Accom(anied by his clergy, the good bisho( set out on his return to =anresa carrying the holy image ith him, but on reaching a certain s(ot the #irgin obstinately refused to (roceed fartherS thereu(on a small cha(el as built over her, here she remained 3C0 years& The s(ot here the image first refused to move is still marked by a cross ith an a((ro(riate inscri(tion&&&& A cha(el here the image no rests as founded in 3., and later o(ened by Phili( !! in (erson&M 8ord, O9andbook for Travellers in 7(ainO& The monastery is one of the most (icturesquely situated in all :hristendom& !t stands high u( u(on the jagged mountain O=ons 7erratusO, or =ontserrat, hich gives to the monastery its name& 7ee (& /, note .&5

18ootnote /* :om(are))

And at that center, ith their ings e(anded, =ore than a thousand jubilant Angels sa !, Each differing in effolgence and in kind&

! sa there at their s(orts and at their songs A Beauty165 smiling, hich the gladness as $ithin the eyes of all the other saintsS

And if ! had in s(eaking as much ealth As in imagining, ! should not dare To attem(t the smallest (art of its delight&

18ootnote 6* The #irgin5

Oante?s Paradiso, canto JJJ!, Longfello?sTranslation&O5

=as all el (araWso de los justos, ms all el trono donde se asienta



la #irgen =aria&135 El nimo de Teobaldo se sobrecogiN temeroso, y unhondo (avor se a(oderN de su alma& La eterna soledad, el eternosilencio viven en aquellas regiones, que conducen al misteriososantuario del 7eUor& e cuando en cuando aIotaba su frente una rfagade aire, frWo como la hoja de un (uUal, que cris(aba sus cabellos dehorror y (enetraba hasta la mdula de sus huesosS rfagas semejantes alas que anunciaban los (rofetas la a(roimaciNn del es(Writu

divino&1.5 Al fin llegN un (unto donde creyN (ercibir un rumorsordo, que (udiera com(ararse al Iumbido lejano de un enjambre deabejas, cuando, en las tardes del otoUo, revolotean en derredor de las_ltimas flores&

18ootnote 3* !s there confusion here beteen the #irgin =ary and the #irgin of =ontserrat, or is the throne her ementioned vacantR5

18ootnote .* :om(are MAnd, behold, the Lord (assed by, and a great and strong ind rent the mountains, and brake in (ieces the rocks before the LordS but the Lord as not in the ind* and after the ind an earthquakeS but the Lord as not in the earthquake* and after the earthquake a fireS but the Lord as not in the fire* and

after the fire a still small voice& And it as so, hen Elijah heard it, that he ra((ed his face in his mantle, and ent out, and stood in the entering in of the cave&M ! <ings, i, (art of verses 33)3Y& MAnd ! looked, and, behold, a hirlind came out of the north, a great cloud, and a fire&&&& And hen ! sa it, ! fell u(on my face, and ! heard a voice of one that s(ake&M EIekiel, i& / and .4&5

#!!!

Atravesaba esa fantstica regiNn adonde van todos los acentos de latierra, los sonidos que decimos que se desvanecen, las (alabras quejuIgamos que se (ierden en el aire, los lamentos que creemos que nadieoye&

AquW, en un cWrculo armNnico,135 flotan las (legarias de los niUos,las, oraciones de las vWrgenes, los salmos de los (iadosos eremitas,las (eticiones de los humildes, las castas (alabras de los lim(ios decoraINn, las resignadas quejas de los que (adecen, los ayes de los quesufren y los himnos de los que es(eran& Teobaldo oyN entre aquellasvoces que (al(itaban a_n en el ter luminoso, la voI de su santamadre, que (edWa ios (or lS (ero no oyN la suya&

18ootnote 3* cWrculo armNnico ?melodious circle&? A rhythmic circling accom(anied by song is characteristic of all of the

heavenly choirs in ante?s OParadisoO& :om(are))

7oon as the blessed flame had taken u( The final ord to give it utterance Began the holy millstone to revolve,

And in its gyre had not turned holly round, Before another in a ring enclosed it, And motion joined to motion, song to songS



7ong that as greatly doth transcend our muses, %ur 7irens, in those dulcet clarions, As (rimal s(lendor that hich is reflected&

Ocanto J!!, Longfello?s translation&O

As by a greater gladness urged and dran

They ho are dancing in a ring sometimes ;(lift their voices and their motions quickenS

7o, at that orison devout and (rom(t, The holy circles a ne joy dis(layed !n their revolving and their ondrous 7ong&

O!dem, canto J!#&O5

!J

=s all hirieron sus oWdos con un estr(ito discordante mil y milacentos s(eros y roncos, blasfemias, gritos de venganIas, cantares deorgias, (alabras l_bricas, maldiciones de la deses(eraciNn, amenaIasde im(otencia y juramentos sacrWleges de la im(iedad&135

18ootnote 3* This conce(tion of to distinct (laces in the other orld to hich all good ords and all evil ords go and echo eternally seems to be original ith Becquer&5

Teobaldo atravesN el segundo cWrculo con la ra(ideI que el meteorocruIa el cielo en una tarde de verano, (or no oir su voI que vibrabaallW sonante y atronadora, sobre(onindose las otras voces en mediade aquel concierto infernal&

))O\ "o creo en iosQ \ "o creo en iosQO decia a_n su acentoagitndose en aquel ocano de blasfemiasS y Teobaldo comenIaba creer&

J

ejN atrs aquellas regiones y atravesN otras inmensidades llenas devisiones terribles, que ni l (udo com(render ni yo acierto concebir, y llegN al cabo al _ltimo cWrculo135 de la es(iral de los

cielos, donde los serafines1.5 adoran al 7eUor, cubierto el rostro conlas tri(les alas1Y5 y (ostrados sus (ies&

18ootnote 3* _ltimo circulo& Becquer follos no (articular meta(hysical system in his descri(tion of the various heavenly s(heres&5

18ootnote .* serafines& The sera(him @?burning? OorO ?flaming ones?D are the highest order in the hierarchy of angels& They are mentioned by !saiah @vi& .D&



ante s(eaks of the sera(h as Mthat soul in 9eaven hich is mostenlightened&M OParadisoO, canto JJ!, :harles Eliot "orton?stranslation& 7ee (& /X, note 3, and also (& 3., note 3&5

18ootnote Y* cubierto el rostro con las tri(les alas& Becquer does not follo eactly the Biblical descri(tion& MAbove it stood the

sera(him* each one had si ingsS ith tain he covered his face, and ith tain he covered his feet, and ith tain he did fly&M !saiah vi& .&

!n the famous vision of 7t& 8rancis of Assisi, at the time that he received his stigmata, the 7era(h a((eared to him ith to ings raised above his head, ith to ings stretched out for flight, and ith to ings covering his hole body& 7ee =rs& %li(hant, 8rancis Oof AssisiO, London, =acmillan :o&, 34X3, ((& .Y).&5

l quiso mirarlo&

;n aliento de fuego abrasN su cara, un mar de luI obscureciN sus ojos,

un trueno gigante retumbN en sus oWdos, y arrancado del corcel ylanIado al vacWo como la (iedra candente que arroja un volcn, sesintiN bajar, y bajar sin caer nunca, ciego, abrasado y ensordecido,como cayN el ngel rebelde cuando ios derribN el (edestal de suorgullo con un so(lo de sus labios&135

18ootnote 3* :om(are))

"ine days they fellS confounded :haos roared, And felt tenfold confusion in their fall Through his ild anarchyS so huge a rout Encumbered him ith ruin& 9ell at last, 'aning, received them hole, and on them closed)) 9ell, their fit habitation, fraught ith fire ;nquenchable, the house of oe and (ain& =ilton, OParadise LostO, book vi&5

6 6 6 6 6

!

La noche habWa cerrado, y el viento gemWa agitando las hojas de losrboles, (or entre cuyas frondosas ramas se desliIabs un suave rayo de

luna, cuando Teobaldo, incor(orndose sobre el codo y restregndoselos ojos como si des(ertara de un (rofundo sueUo, tendiN alrededor unamirada y se encontrN en el mismo bosque donde hiriN al jabalW, dondecayN muerto su corcelS donde le dieron aquella fantstica cabalgaduraque le habWa arrastrado unas regiones desconocidas y misteriosas&

;n silencio de muerte reinaba su alrededorS un silencio que sNlointerrum(Wa el lejano bramido de los ciervos, el temeroso murmullo delas hojas, y el eco de una cam(ana distante que de veI en cuando traWael viento en sus rfagas&



))9abr soUado, dijo el barNn* y em(rendiN su camino al travs delbosque, y saliN al fin la llanura&

!!

En lontananIa, y sobre las rocas de =ontagut, viN destacarse la negrasilueta de su castillo, sobre el fondo aIulado y trans(arente delcielo de la noche&))=i castillo est lejos y estoy cansado, murmurNSes(erar el dWa en un lugar cercano, y se dirigiN al lugar&))Llamo la (uerta&))>uien soisR le (reguntaron&))El barNn de 8ortcastell,res(ondiN, y se le rieron en sus barbas&))LlamN otra&))>uin sois yque querisR tornaron (reguntarle&))#uestro seUor, insistiN elcaballero, sor(rendido de que no le conociesenS Teobaldo de=ontagut&135))\Teobaldo de =ontagutQ dijo colrica su interlocutora,que no era una viejaS \Teobaldo de =ontagut el del cuentoQ&&& \BahQ&&&7eguid vuestro camino, y no vengis sacar de su sueUo las gentes

honradas (ara decirles chanIonetas insulsas&

18ootnote 3* Teobaldo de =ontagut& 7ee (& 3/0, note 3&5

!!!

Teobaldo, lleno de asombro, abandonN la aldea y se dirigiN alcastillo, cuyas (uertas llego cuando a(enas clareaba el dWa& El fosoestaba cegado con los sillares de las derruidas almenasS el (uentelevadiIo, in_til ya, se (udrWa colgado a_n de sus fuertes tirantes dehierro, cubiertos de orWn (or la acciNn de los aUosS en la torre delhomenaje taUia lentamente una cam(anaS frente al arco (rinci(al de lafortaleIa y sobre un (edestal de granito se elevaba una cruIS en losmuros no se veWa un solo soldadoS y confuso, y sordo, (arecWa que desu seno se elevaba como un murmullo lejano, un himno religioso, grave,solemne y magnifico&

))\' este es mi castillo, no hay dudaQ decWa Teobaldo, (aseando suinquieta mirada de un (unto otro, sin acertar com(render lo que le(asaba& \Aquel es mi escudo, grabado a_n sobre la clave del arcoQ \Esees el valle de =ontagutQ Estas tierras que domina, el seUorio de8ortcastell&&&&

En aquel instante las (esadas hojas de la (uerta giraron sobre sus

goInes y a(areciN en su dintel un religioso&

!#

))>uin sois y que hacis aquWR (reguntN Teobaldo al monje&

))'o soy, contestN ste, un humilde servidor de ios, religioso del



monasterio de =ontagut&

))Pero &&& interrum(iN el barNn, =ontagut no es un seUorWoR

))Lo fu, (rosiguiN el monje &&& hace mucho tiem(o& &&& su _ltimoseUor, seg_n cuentan, se le llevN el diabloS y como no tenWa nadieque le sucediese en el feudo, los condes soberanos135 hicieron

donaciNn de estas tierras los religiosos de nuestra regla, que estnaquW desde har cosa de ciento ciento veinte aUos& ' vos quinsoisR

18ootnote 3* condes soberanos& 7ee (& 3.3, note 3, and (& 3.Y, l& ..&5

))'o &&& balbuceN el barNn de 8ortcastell, des(us de un largo rato desilencioS yo soy &&& un miserable (ecador, que arre(entido de susfaltas, viene confesarlas vuestro abad, y 3 (edirle que leadmita en el seno de su religiNn&

LA7 9%-A7 7E:A7

El sol se habWa (uesto* las nubes, que cruIaban hechas jirones sobremi cabeIa, iban amontonarse unas sobre otras en el horiIonte lejano&El viento frio de las tardes de otoUo arremolinaba las hojas secas mis (ies&

'o estaba sentado al borde de un camino,135 (or donde siem(re vuelvenmenos de los que van&

18ootnote 3* un camino& The road to the cemetery&5

"o s en qu (ensaba, si en efecto (ensaba entonces en alguna cosa& =ialma temblaba (unto de lanIarse al es(acio, como el (ajro tiembla yagita ligeramente las alas antes de levantar el vuelo&

9ay momentos en que, merced una serie de abstracciones, el es(Writuse sustrae cuanto le rodea, y re(legndose en sW mismo analiIa ycom(rende todos los misteriosos fenNmenos de la vida interna delhombre&

9ay otros en que se desliga de la carne, (ierde su (ersonalidad y seconfunde con los elementos de la naturaleIa, se relaciona con su modode ser, y traduce su incom(rensible lenguaje&

'o me hallaba en uno de estos _ltimos momentos, cuando solo y en mediode la escueta llanura, oW hablar cerca de mW&

Eran dos hojas secas las que hablaban, y ste, (oco ms N menos, suetraUo dilogo*

e donde vienes, hermanaR

))#engo de rodar con el torbellino, envuelta en la nube del (olvo y de



las hojas secas nuestras com(aUeras, lo largo de la interminablellanura& ' t_R

))'o he seguido alg_n tiem(o la corriente del rWo, hasta que elvendaval me arranco de entre el lgamo y los juncos de la orilla&

))' adNnde vasR

))"o lo s135* lo sabe acaso el viento que me em(ujaR

18ootnote 3* ' adNnde vasR))"o lo s& :om(are these ell)knon verses by the 8rench (oet Arnault*

e ta tige dtache, Pauvre feuille dessche, %h vas)tuR))-e n?en sais rien& L?orage a bris le chpne >ui seul tait mon soutienS e son inconstante haleine Le I(hyr ou l?aquilon

e(uis ce jour me (romne e la forpt a la (laine, e la montagne au vallon& -e vais oh le vent me mene, 7ans me (laindre ou m?effrayerS -e vais o va toute chose, %h va la fenille de rose Et la feuille de laurier&

5

))\AyQ >uin dirWa que habWamos de acabar ?amarillas y secasarrastrndonos (or la tierra, nosotras que vivimos vestidas de color yde luI meciendonos en el aireR

))Te acuerdas de los hermosos dWas en que brotamosS de aquellaa(acible maUana en que, roto el hinchado botNn que nos servWa de cuna,nos des(legamos al tem(lado beso del sol como un abanico deesmeraldasR

))\%hQ \>u dulce era sentirse balanceada (or la brisa aquellaaltura, bebiendo (or todos los (oros el aire y la luIQ

))\%hQ \>u hermoso era ver correr el agua del rWo que lamWa lasretorcidas raWces del aUoso tronco que nos sustentaba, aquel agualim(ia y tras(arente que co(iaba como un es(ejo el aIul del cielo, demodo que creWamos vivir sus(endidas entre dos abismos aIulesQ

))\:on qu (lacer nos asombamos (or cima de las verdes frondas (aravernos retratadas en la temblorosa corrienteQ

))\:Nmo cantbamos juntas imitando el rumor de la brisa y siguiendo elritmo de las ondasQ

))Los insectos brillantes revoloteaban des(legando sus alas de gasa nuestro alrededor&



))' ls mari(osas blancas y las liblulas aIules, que giran (or elaire en etraUos circulos, se (araban un momento en nuestrosdentellados bordes contarse los secretes de ese misterioso amor quedura un instante y les consume la vida&135

18ootnote 3* y les consume la vida& This is strictly true of the honey)bee, but not to my knoledge of butterflies or dragon)flies&5

)):ada cual de nosotras era una nota en el concierto de los bosques&

)):ada cual de nosotras era un tono en la armonWa de su color&

))En las noches de luna, cuando su (lateada luI resbalaba sobre lacima de los montes, te acuerdas cNmo charlbamos en voI baja entrelas difanas sombrasR

))' referWamos con un blando susurro las historias de los silfos quese colum(ian en los hilos de oro que cuelgan las araUas entre losrboles&

))9asta que sus(endWamos nuestra monNtona charla (ara oir embebecidaslas quejas del ruiseUor, que habWa escogido nuestro tronco (orescabel&

))' eran tan tristes y tan suaves sus lamentos que, aunque lenas degoIo al oirle,135 nos amanecia llorando&

18ootnote 3* oirle& 7ee (& CC, note 3&5

))\%hQ \>u dulces eran aquellas lgrimas que nos (restaba el rocWo dela noche y que res(landecWan con todos los colores del iris la(rimera luI de la auroraQ

))es(us vino la alegre banda de jilgueros llenar de vida y deruidos el bosque con la alboroIada y confusa algarabia de sus cantos&

))' una enamorada (areja, colgN junto nosotras su redondo nido dearistas y de (lumas&

))"osotras servWamos de abrigo los (equeUuelos contra las molestasgotas de la lluvia en las tem(estades de verano&

))"osotras les servWamos de dosel y los defendWamos de los im(ortunesrayos del sol&

))"uestra vida (asaba como un sueUo de oro, del que no sos(echbamosque se (odrWa des(ertar&

));na hermosa tarde en que todo (arecWa sonreir nuestro alrededor,en que el sol (oniente encendWa el ocaso y arrebolaba las nubes, y dela tierra ligeramente h_meda se levantaban efluvios de vida y (erfumesde flores, dos amantes se detuvieron la orilla del agua y al (ie deltronco que nos sostenWa&

))\"unca se borrar ese recuerdo de mi memoriaQ Ella era joven, casiuna niUa, hermosa y (lida& l le decWa con ternura*))Por qullorasR))Perdona este involuntario sentimiento de egoWsmo, le



res(ondiN ella enjugndose una lgrimaS lloro (or mW& Lloro la vidaque me huye* cuando el cielo se corona de rayos de luI, y la tierra seviste de verdura y de flores, y el viento trae (erfumes y cantos de(jaros y armonWas distantes, y se ama y se siente una amada \la vidaes buenaQ))' (or que no has de vivirR insistiN l estrechndole lasmanos conmovido&))Porque es im(osible& :uando caigan secas))esas hojasque murmuran armoniosas sobre nuestras cabeIas, yo morir tambin, y

el viento llevar alg_n dWa su (olvo y el mWo quin sabe adNndeR

))'o lo oW y t_ lo oiste, y nos estremecimos y callamos& \ebiamossecarnosQ \ebiamos morir y girar arrastradas (or los remolinos delvientoQ =udas y llenas de terror (ermanecWamos a_n cuando llegN lanoche& \%hQ \>ue noche tan horribleQ

))Por la (rimera veI faltN su cita el enamorado ruiseUor que laencantaba con sus quejas&

)) (oco volaron los (jaros, y con ellos sus (equeUuelos ya vestidosde (lumasS y quedo el nido solo, colum(indose lentamente y triste,como la cuna vacWa de un niUo muerto&

))' huyeron las mari(osas blancas y las liblulas aIules, dejando sulugar los insectos obscuros que venWan roer nuestras fibras y de(ositar en nuestro seno sus asquerosas larvas&

))\%hQ \' cNmo nos estremecWamos encogidas al helado contacto de lasescarchas de la nocheQ

))Perdimos el color y la frescura&

))Perdimos la suavidad y las formas, y lo que antes al tocarnos eracomo rumor de besos, como murmullo de (alabras de enamorados, luego seconvirtiN en s(ero ruido, seco, desagradable y triste&

))\' al fin volamos des(rendidasQ

))9ollada bajo el (ie de indiferente (asajero, sin cesar arrastrada deun (unto otro entre el (olvo y el fango, me he juIgado dichosacuando (odWa re(osar un instante en el (rofundo surco de un camino&

))'o he dado vueltas sin cesar arrastrada (or la turbia corriente, yen mi larga (eregrinaciNn vi, solo, enlutado y sombrWo, contem(landocon una mirada distraWda las aguas que (asaban y las hojas secas quemarcaban su movimiento, uno de los dos amantes cuyas (alabras noshicieron (resentir la muerte&

))\Ella tambin se des(rendiN de la vida y acaso dormir en una fosa

reciente, sobre la que yo me detuve un momentoQ

))\AyQ Ella duerme y re(osa al finS (ero nosotras, cuando acabaremoseste large viajeR&&&

))\"uncaQ&&&'a el viento que nos dejN re(osar un (unto vuelve so(lar, y ya me siento estremecida (ara levantarme de la tierra yseguir con l& \AdiNs, hermanaQ

))\AdiNsQ&&&



7ilbN el aire que habWa (ermanecido un momento callado, y las hojas selavantaron en confuso remolino, (erdindose 30 lejos entre lastineblas de la noche&

' yo (ens entonces algo que no (uedo recordar, y que, aunque lorecordase, no encontrarWa (alabras (ara decirlo&

+!=A7

!135

'o s un himno gigante y etraUo

>ue anuncia en la noche del alma una aurora, ' estas (ginas son de ese himno :adencias que el aire dilata en las sombras&

'o quisiera escribirle,1.5 del hombre omando el rebelde, meIquino idioma, :on (alabras que fuesen un tiem(o 7us(iros y risas, colores y notas&

Pero en vano es lucharS que no hay cifra :a(aI de encerrarlo, y a(enas \oh hermosaQ 7i, teniendo en mis manos las tuyas, Pudiera, al oirlo, cantrtelo solas&

18ootnote 3* This (oem is made u( of alternate decasyllabic ana(ests and dodecasyllabic am(hibrachs, thus*

)) )) )) )) )) )) )) )) )) )) )) )) )) )) ))

The even verses have the same assonance throughout&5

18ootnote .* escribirle& Le refers to OhimnoO& 7ee (& CC, note 3&5

!#135

"o digis que agotado su tesoro, e asuntos falta,1.5 enmudeciN la lira* Podr no haber (oetasS (ero siem(re 9abr (oesWa&

=ientras las ondas de la luI al beso1Y5 Pal(iten encendidasS =ientras el sol las desgarradas nubes



e fuego y oro vistaS

=ientras el aire en su regaIo lleve Perfumes y armonWasS =ientras haya en el mundo (rimavera, \9abr (oesWaQ

=ientras la ciencia descubrir no alcance Las fuentes de la vida, ' en el mar N en el cielo haya un abismo >ue al clculo resistaS1/5 =ientras la humanidad siem(re avanIando "o se(a do caminaS15 =ientras haya un misterio (ara el hombre, \9abr (oesWaQ

=ientras sintamos que se alegra el alma, 7in que los labios rWanS =ientras se llore sin que el llanto acuda nublar la (u(ilaS

=ientras el coraINn y la cabeIa1C5 Batallando (rosiganS =ientras haya es(eranIas y recuerdos, \9abr (oesWaQ

=ientras haya unos ojos que reflejen Los ojos que los miranS =ientras res(onda el labio sus(irando Al labio que sus(iraS =ientras sentirse (uedan en un beso os almas confundidasS =ientras eista una mujer hermosa, \9abr (oesWaQ

18ootnote 3* This (oem is com(osed of hendecasyllabic and he(tasyllabic verses, ith a (entasyllabic refrain& The hendecasyllabic verses are (artly of the first and (artly of the second class @see !ntroductionD, hile the he(tasyllabic verses have the required accent on the sith syllable, ith at least one minor variable accent, and the (entasyllabic verses on the fourth, according to rule& The even verses have the same assonance throughout&5

18ootnote .* e asuntos falta ?through @OorO forD lack of subjects&? Prose order))Ofalta de asuntosO&5

18ootnote Y* de la luI al beso& Prose order))al beso de la luI&5

18ootnote /* =ientras&&& resista& =an?s inability to solve these sovereign (roblems is nohere more (oetically e(ressed than in Edard 8itIgerald?s translation of %mar <hayyam?s O+ubiyt&O :om(are))

@JJ#!!D =yself hen young did eagerly frequent octor and 7aint, and heard great argument



About it and about* but evermore, :ame out by the same door here in ! ent&

@JJJ!D ;( from Earth?s :enter through the 7eventh Gate ! rose, and on the Throne of 7aturn sate, And many a <not unravel?d by the +oadS

But not the =aster)knot of 9uman 8ate&

5

18ootnote * "o se(a do camina& This doubt seems to assail frequently the mind of Becquer, as it does that of the old Persian (oet %mar <hayyam*

@JJ!JD !nto this ;niverse, and O$hyO not knoing "or O$henceO, like ater illy)nilly floingS And out of it, as $ind along the $aste ! kno not O$hitherO, illy)nilly bloing&

@LJ!#D 7trange, is it notR that of the myriads ho Before us (ass?d the door of arkness through, "ot one returns to tell us of the +oad, $hich to discover e must travel too&

O+ubiyt))Edard 8itIgerald?s translation&O5

18ootnote C* el coraINn y la cabeIa& :om(are))

!t is the heart, and not the brain, That to the highest doth attain&

Longfello, OThe Building of the 7hi(&O5

#!!135

el salNn en el ngulo obscuro, e su dueUo tal veI olvidada, 7ilenciosa y cubierta de (olvo #eWase el ar(a&

\:unta nota dormWa en sus cuerdas, :omo el (jaro duerme en las ramas, Es(erando la mano de nieve >ue sabe arrancarlasQ1.5

\AyQ (ensS \cuntas veces el genio AsW duerme en el fondo del alma, ' una voI, como LIaro,1Y5 es(era >ue le diga* Levntate y andaQ



18ootnote 3* This (oem is com(osed of decasyllabic ana(ests and of heasyllabic am(hibrachs, thus*

)) )) )) )) )) )) )) )) )) )) ))

The even verses have the same assonance throughout&5

18ootnote .* 8or this idea, com(are))

-e suis dans un salon comme une mandoline %ublie en (assant sur le bord d?un coussin& Elle renferme en elle une langue divine, =ais si son mattre dort, tout reste dans son sein&

Alfred de =usset, OA quoi rpvent les jeunes fillesO, Act 3, 7:& iv&5

18ootnote Y* LIaro ?LaIarus&? 7ee Gos(el by 7t& -ohn, cha(ter !!& +ead 7te(hen Philli(s? beautiful (oem entitled MLaIarus,M ((&

/)/X of his OPoemsO, (ublished by -ohn Lane, London, 303&5

!J135

Besa el aura que gime blandamente Las leves ondas que jugando riIaS El sol besa la nube en occidente ' de (_r(ura y oro la matiIaS La llama en derredor del tronco ardiente Por besar otra llama se desliIa, ' hasta el suce, inclinndose su (eso, Al rWo, que le besa, vuelve un beso&

18ootnote 3* This (oem, of the form called %ctava OrealO, ith the regular rhyme scheme Oa b a b a b c cO, is com(osed of hendecasyllabic verses of the first class, save the .d, hich is of the second class&5

J135

Los invisibles tomos del aire En derredor (al(itan y se inflamanS El cielo se deshace en rayos de oroS La tierra se estremece alboroIadaS %igo flotando en olas de armonWa +umor de besos y batir de alasS =is (r(ados se cierran&&& >u sucedeR ))QEs el amor que (asaQ1.5



18ootnote 3* This (oem is an O%ctavaO com(osed, ith the ece(tion of the concluding he(tasyllabic verse, of hendecasyllabic verses, all of hich are of the first class, save the Cth, hich is of the second class& "ote the hiatus in the Cth verse& The even verses have the same assonance&5

18ootnote .* "ote =rs& $ard?s translation @O=acmillan?s =ag&O,

8eb&, 344Y, (& Y3CD&

The vieless atoms of the air Around me (al(itate and burn, All heaven dissolves in gold, and earth >uivers ith ne)found joy& 8loating on aves of harmony ! hear A stir of kisses, and a see( of ingsS =ine eyelids close))M$hat (ageant nearsRM M?Tis Love that (asses byQM

5

J!!!135

Tu (u(ila es aIul, y cuando rWes, 7u claridad suave me recuerda El trmulo fulgor de la maUana >ue en el mar se refleja&

OTu (u(ila es aIulS y cuando lloras, Las tras(arentes lgrimas en ella 7e me figuran gotas de rocWo 7obre una violeta&O

Tu (u(ila es aIul, y si en su fondo :omo un (unto de luI radia una idea,1.5 =e (arece en el cielo de la tarde \;na (erdida estrellaQ

18ootnote 3* Each stanIa of this (oem is com(osed of three hendecasyllabic verses of the first class, folloed by a he(tasyllabic verse& The even verses of the (oem have the same assonance throughout&5

18ootnote .* radia una idea ?there gleams some fancy&?5

J!#135

Te vW un (unto,1.5 y, flotando ante mis ojos La imagen de tus ojos se quedN, :omo la mancha obscura, orlada en fuego,



>ue flota y ciega, si se mira al sol&

Adonde quiera que la vista fijo, Torno ver sus (u(ilas llamear, =as no te encuentro tWS que es tu mirada* ;nos ojos, los tuyos, nada ms&

e mi alcoba en el ngulo los miro esasidos fantsticos lucir*1Y5 :uando duermo los siento que se ciernen e (ar en (ar abiertos sobre mW&

'o s que hay fuegos ftuos que en la noche Llevan al caminante (erecer* 'o me siento arrastrado (or tus ojos, Pero adNnde me arrastran, no lo s&

18ootnote 3* This (oem is com(osed chiefly of hendecasyllabic verses of the first class& The even verses of each stanIa are OagudosO and assonanced&5

18ootnote .* un (unto ?but a moment&?5

18ootnote Y* los miro desasidos fantsticos lucir ?! atch them shine like orbs fantastic&? =rs& $ard translates this stanIa as follos*

!n my room?s furthest corner ! behold Their strange fantastic blaIe, And hen ! slee( ! feel them atch ;nmoved and o(en o?er my head&

7ee =acmillan?s =agaIine, 8ebruary, 344Y, P))Y3X&5

J#135

:endal flotante de leve bruma, +iIada cinta de blanca es(uma, +umor sonoro e ar(a de oro, Beso del aura, onda de luI, so eres t_&

T_, sombra area que, cuantas veces #oy tocarte, te desvaneces :omo la llama, como el sonido, :omo la niebla, como el gemido el lago aIul&

En mar sin (layas onda sonante, En el vacio cometa errante, Largo lamento el ronco viento,



Ansia (er(etua de algo mejor, Eso soy yo&

\'o, que tus ojos en mi agonWa Los ojos vuelvo de noche y dWaS 'o, que incansable corro y demente Tras una sombra, tras la hija ardiente

e una visiNnQ

18ootnote 3* This (oem is com(osed of decasyllabic and of (entasyllable verses& The last to verses of the lst and Yd stanIas and the last verse of the .d and /th stanIas are agudos, the other verses being OllanosO& The rhyme scheme is Oa, a, b, b, c, c, d, d, e, e, cO for each half of the (oem& "otice the hiatus in the /th and th verses&

J#!135

7i al mecer las aIules cam(anillas e tu balcNn, :rees que sus(irando (asa el viento =urmurador, 7abe que, oculto entre las verdes hojas, 7us(iro yo&

7i al resonar confuso tus es(aldas #ago rumor, :rees que (or tu nombre te ha llamado Lejana voI, 7abe que, entre las sombras que te cercan, Te llamo yo&

7i se turba medroso en la alta noche Tu coraINn, Al sentir en tus labios un aliento Abrasador, 7abe que, aunque invisible, al lado tuyo +es(ire yo&

18ootnote 3* This (oem is com(osed of hendecasyllabic verses of both classes, ith (entasyllable verses alternating& These latter are OagudosO and have the same assonance throughout&5

JJ!135

>u es (oesWaR dices mientras clavas En mi (u(ila tu (u(ila aIulS >u es (oesWaR ' t_ me lo (reguntasR PoesWa &&& eres t_&1.5



18ootnote 3* $e have here three hendecasyllabic verses of both classes, folloed by a he(tasyllabic& "otice the hiatus in the 3st, Yd, and /th verses& The .d and /th are OagudosO and assonanced&5

18ootnote .* This thought is develo(ed in the first of Becquer?s O:artas literarias una mujer&O5

JJ!!!135

Por una mirada, un mundoS Por una sonrisa, un cieloS Por un beso&&& \yo no s >u te diera (or un besoQ

18ootnote 3* %f these four octosyllabic verses the .d and /th are

assonanced&5

JJ#!!135

es(ierta, tiemblo al mirarteS ormida me atrevo verteS Por eso, alma de mi alma, 'o velo mientras t_ duermes&

es(ierta, rWesS y al reir, tus labios !nquietos me (arecen +elm(agos de grana que ser(ean 7obre un cielo de nieve&

ormida,1.5 los etremos de tu boca Pliega sonrisa leve,1Y5 7uave como el rastro luminoso >ue deja un sol que muere&&& ))\uermeQ

es(ierta, miras, y al mirar, tus ojos 9_medos res(landecen :omo la onda aIul, en cuya cresta

:his(eando el sol hiere&

Al travs de tus (ar(ados, dormida, Tranquilo fulgor viertes, :ual derrama de luI tem(lado rayo Lm(ara trans(arente1/5 &&& ))\uermeQ

es(ierta, hablas, y al hablar, vibrantes Tus (alabras (arecen



Lluvia de (erlas que en dorada co(a 7e derrama torrentesR15

ormida, en el murmullo de tu aliento Acom(asado y tenue, Escucho yo un (oema, que mi alma Enamorada entiende &&&

))\uermeQ

7obre el coraIn la mano =e he (uesto, (orque no suene 7u latido, y de la noche Turbe la calma solemne&

e tu balcn las (ersianas :err ya, (orque no entre El res(landor enojoso e la aurora, y te des(ierte &&& ))\uermeQ

18ootnote 3* The 3st, 4th, and th stanIas of this (oem are in octosyllabic verses, and the rest in hendecasyllabic verses of both classes, ith he(tasyllabic verses alternating& A refrain of dissyllabic verse begins at the close of the Yd stanIa and recurs after that regularly at the close of every other stanIa& The even verses of each stanIa have the same assonance throughout, as does the refrain& "otice the hiatus in the Yd verse of the /th stanIa and in the 3st verse of the Cth stanIa&5

18ootnote .* ormida& All of the tets that have been consulted read es(ierta, but the contrast throughout the (oem beteen the to ideas seems to arrant the reading given here, and =rs& $ard in her translation of the (oem @see O=acmillan?s =ag&O, 8eb&, 344Y, (& Y3XD so renders it*

OAslee(O, the corners of thy mouth A light smile u(curls, 7eet as the luminous trail Left by the dying sun)) 7lee(Q

5

18ootnote Y* los &&& leve& Prose order))O@unaD leve sonrisa (liega los etremos&&&O5

18ootnote /* :ual&&& trans(arente& Prose order))O:ualO @unaD

Olm(ara trans(arente derrama @unD tem(lado rayo de luI&O5

18ootnote * "otice =rs& $ard?s translation of this stanIa*

Aake thou s(eak?st, and as thou s(eak?st, thy ords #ibrating seem A rain of (earls that in a golden cu( Plashes in torrents&

7ee O=acmillan?s =agaIineO, 8ebruary, 344Y, (& Y3X&5



JJ!J135

7obre la falda tenWa El libro abiertoS En mi mejilla tocaban 7us riIos negrosS "o veWamos las letras "inguno, creoS =as guardbamos entrambos 9ondo silencio& :uanto duroR "i a_n entonces Pude saberloS 7Nlo s que no se oWa =s que el aliento, >ue a(resurado esca(aba

el labio seco& 7Nlo s que nos volvimos Los dos un tiem(o, ' nuestros ojos se hallaron, ' sonN un beso&

6 6 6

:reaciN de ante era el libro, Era su O!nfiernoO&1.5 :uando l bajamos los ojos, 'o dije trmulo* )):om(rendes ya que un (oema :abe en un versoR1Y5 ' ella res(ondiN encendida* ))\'a lo com(rendoQ

18ootnote 3* This (oem is com(osed of alternating octosyllabic and (entasyllabic verses, the latter having the same assonance throughout& "otice that the th verse from the end is Oa verso esdr_juloO&5

18ootnote .* The most celebrated ork of this orld)famous (oet @3.C)3Y.3D is the Oivina :ommediaO hich is divided into three (arts,))O!nferno, Purgatorio, ParadisoO& !n the first of these, in :anto v, occurs the e(isode of Paolo and 8rancesca da +imini, hich is imitated in this (oem& 7ee (& 3./, note 3&5

18ootnote Y* :om(rendes &&& en un versoR The meaning of this (hrase becomes clear hen e com(are it ith the !talian original&

O>uel giorno (i non vi leggemmo avante&O That day e read in it no farther&

5



JJJ135

Asomaba sus ojos una lgrima ' mi labio una frase de (erdNnS

9ablN el orgullo y se enjugN su llanto, ' la frase en mis labios e(irN&

'o voy (or un camino, ella (or otroS Pero al (ensar en nuestro mutuo amor, 'o digo a_n* Por qu call aquel dWaR ' ella dir* (or qu no llor yoR

18ootnote 3* This (oem is com(osed of hendecasyllabic verses of both classes& The even verses are OagudosO and have the same assonance throughout& "ote the Oesdr_juloO ending the lst verse& The thought of the (oem is very similar to that of 9eine?s O$ann Iei van einander scheiden*O

%ften hen to are (arting, Each gras(s a hand as friendS And then begins a ee(ing And a sighing ithout end&

$e did not sigh hen (artingS "o tears beteen us fellS The ee(ing and the sighing :ame after our fareell&

OLyrical !ntermeIIo, "o& , translated by :has& G& Leland&O5

JJJ!135

"uestra (asiNn fu un trgico sainete En cuya absurda fbula Lo cNmico y lo grave confundidos +isas y llanto arrancan&

\Pero fu lo (eor de aquella historia >ue al fin de la jornada,

ella tocaron lgrimas y risas, ' mW sNlo las lgrimasQ

18ootnote 3* This (oem is com(osed of hendecasyllabic verses of the first class alternating ith regular he(tasyllabic verses& "otice the Oesdr_julosO terminating the .d and 4th verses& The even verses have the same assonance throughout&5



JJJ!!!135

Es cuestiNn de (alabras, y no obstante "i t_ ni yo jams, es(us de lo (asado, convendremos

En quin la cul(a est&

\Lstima que el amor un diccionario "o tenga donde hallar :undo el orgullo es sim(lemente orgullo, ' cundo es dignidadQ

18ootnote 3* This (oem is com(osed of hendecasyllabic verses of both classes alternating ith regular he(tasyllabic verses, hich latter are OagudosO and have the same assonance throughout&5

JJJ#!!135

\Antes que t_ me morir* escondido En las entraUas ya El hierro llevo con que abriN tu mano La ancha herida mortalQ

Antes que t_ me morir* y mi es(Writu En su em(eUo tenaI, 7entndose las (uertas de la muerte, AllW te es(erara&

:on las horas los dWas, con los dWas Los aUos volarn, ' aquella (uerta llamars al cabo&&& >uin deja de llamarR

Entonces, que tu cul(a y tus des(ojos La tierra guardar Lavndote en las ondas de la muerte :omo en otro -ordnS1.5

AllW, donde el murmullo de la vida Temblando morir va, :omo la ola que la (laya viene

7ilenciosa e(irarS

AllW, donde el se(ulcro que se cierra Abre una eternidad&&& Todo cuanto los dos hemos callado \Lo tenemos1Y5 que hablarQ

18ootnote 3* This (oem is com(osed of hendecasyllabic verses of both classes, alternating ith regular he(tasyllabic Oversos agudosO, hich latter have the same assonance throughout& "otice



the Oesdr_juloO terminating the th verse, and the hiatus in the 3th verse&5

18ootnote .* -ordn& The (rinci(al river of Palestine& The idea of cleansing by Mashing in -ordanM comes originally from the account of Elisha?s cure of "aaman as related in !! <ings v& 30S but that of s(iritual (urification, from the "e Testament account of the

use made of the aters of -ordan by -ohn the Ba(tist&5

18ootnote Y* tenemos& The (resent tense is used here in the sense of the future&5

JJJ#!!!135

Los sus(ires son aire, y van al aire& Las lgrimas son agua, y van al mar&

ime, mujer* cuando el amor se olvida, 7abes t_ dNnde vaR

18ootnote 3* The first to verses of this (oem are hendecasyllabic of the first class, the Yd is a hendecasyllabic of the second class, and the closing verse is he(tasyllabic& The even verses are OagudosO and assonanced&5

JJJ!J135

que me lo decWsR lo s* es mudable, Es altanera y vana y ca(richosaS Antes que el sentimiento de su alma, Brotar el agua de la estril roca&

7 que en su coraINn, nido de sier(es, "o hay una fibra que al amor res(ondaS >ue es una estatua inanimada&&& (ero&&& \Es tan hermosaQ

18ootnote 3* This (oem is com(osed of hendecasyllabic verses of both classes, ith a closing (entasyllabic verse& The even verses have the same assonance throughout&5

JL135

7u mano entre mis manos, 7us ojos en mis ojos,



La amorosa cabeIa A(oyada en mi hombro, \ios sabe cuntas veces :on (aso (ereIoso, 9emos vagado juntos Bajo los altos olmos, >ue de su casa (restan

=isterio y sombra al (NrticoQ ' ayer&&& un aUo a(enas Pasado como un so(lo, \:on qu equisita gracia, :on qu admirable a(lomo, =e dijo, al (resentarnos ;n amigo oficioso* )):reo que en alguna (arte 9e visto usted&)) \AhQ bobos, >ue sois de los salones :omadres de buen tono, ' andis (or allW caIa e galantes embrollosS

\>ue historia habis (erdidoQ \>ue manjar tan sabroso Para ser devorado O7otto voceO1.5 en un corro, etras del abanico e (lumas y de oroQ

6 6 6

\iscreta y casta luna, :o(udos y altos olmos, Paredes de su casa, ;mbrales de su (Nrtico, :allad, y que el secreto "o saiga de vosotrosQ :allad, que (or mi (arte Lo he olvidado todo* ' ella &&& ella &&& \no hay mscara 7emejante su rostroQ

18ootnote 3* This (oem is com(osed entirely of he(tasyllabic verses& "otice the Oesdr_julosO ending the 30th, Y.d, and YXth verses& The even verses have the same assonance throughout&5

18ootnote .* 7otto voce* An !talian e(ression meaning ?in an undertone?& Translate here ?mid his(ers?&5

JL!!135

:uando me lo contaron sentW el frio e una hoja de acero en las entraUas, =e a(oy contra el muro, y un instante La conciencia (erdW de donde estaba&



:ayN sobre mi es(Writu la nocheS En ira y en (iedad se anego el alma&&& \' entonces com(rendW (or qu se llora, ' entonces com(rendW (or qu se mataQ1.5 PasN la nube de dolor&&& con (ena Logr balbucear breves, (alabras&&& >uin me diN la noticiaR&&& ;n fiel amigo&&&

\=e hacW un gran favorQ&&& Le dW las gracias&

18ootnote 3* This (oem is com(osed entirely of hendecasyllabic verses, of both classes& The even verses have the same assonance throughout&5

18ootnote .* :om(are Alfred de =ussel?s descri(tion of a similar e(erience of his on, after his ru(ture ith George 7and, hich occurred in #enice in 34Y/ during the !talian journey&

Lamartine, c?est la, dans cette rue obscure, Assis sur une borne, au fond d?un carrefour,

Les deu mains sur mon coeur, et serrant ma blessure, Et sentant y saigner un invincible amourS :?est l], dans cette nuit d?horreur et de detresse, Au milieu des trans(orts d?un (eu(le furieu >ui semblait en (assant crier ] ma jeunesse* MToi qui (leures ce soir, n?as)ta (as ri comme euRM :?est l], devant ce mur, o j?ai fra((e ma tete, % j?ai (os deu fois le fer sur mon sein nuS :?est l], le croiras)tuR chaste et noble (ote, >ue de tes chants divins je me suis souvenu&

OLettre ] LamartineO&5

JL!!!135

ej la luI un lado, y en el borde e la revuelta cama me sent, =udo, sombrWo, la (u(ila inmNvil :lavada en la (ared&

>u tiem(o estuve asWR "o s* al dejarme La embragueI horrible del dolor, E(iraba la luI, y en mis balcones

+eia el sol&

"i s tam(oco en tan terribles horas En qu (ensaba N qu (asN (or mWS 7Nlo recuerdo que llor y maldije, ' que en aquella noche envejecW&1.5

18ootnote 3* This (oem is com(osed of hendecasyllabic verses of both classes, ith a he(tasyllabic verse closing the first stanIa, and a (entasyllable verse closing the second stanIa& The even



verses of each 7tanIa are OagudosO and assonanced&5

18ootnote .* This (oem may have been ins(ired by the folloing lines of Alfred de =usset, describing his e(erience in #enice& 7ee (& 343, note 3&

Elle ne venait (as& 7eul, la tpte baisse,

-e regardai longtem(s les murs et le chemin,)) Et je ne t?ai (as dit quelle ardeur insense :ette inconstante femme allumait dans mon seinS -e n?aimais qu?elle au monde, et vivre un jour sans elle =e semblait un destin (lus affreu que la mort& -e me souviens (ourtant qu?en cette nuit cruelle Pour briser mon lien je fis un long effort& 6 6 6 6 6 6 Le jour (arut enfin& Las d?une vaine attente, 7ur le bord du balcon je m?etais assou(iS -e rouvris la (au(ire w l?aurore naissante, Et je laissai flotter mon regard bloui&

OLa "uit d?%ctobre&O5

JL!J135

Alguna veI la encuentro (or el mundo ' (asa junto mW* ' (asa sonrindose, y yo digo* :Nmo (uede reWrR

Luego asomo mi labio otra sonrisa, =scara del dolor, ' entonces (ienso*))\Acaso ella se rWe :omo me rWo yoQ

18ootnote 3* This (oem is com(osed of hendecasyllabic verses of the first class, alternating ith assonanced he(tasyllabic OversosO agudos&5

L!!135

%las gigantes que os rom(is bramando En las (layas desiertas y remotas, Envuelto entre la sbana de es(umas, \Llevadme con vosotrasQ

+fagas de huracn, que arrebatis el alto bosque las marchitas hojas,



Arrastrado en el ciego torbellino, \Llevadme con vosotrasQ

"ubes de tem(estad, que1.5 rom(e el rayo ' en fuego ornis las des(rendidas orlas, Arrebatado entre la niebla obscura, \Llevadme con vosotrasQ

Llevadme, (or (iedad, adonde el vrtigo :on1Y5 la raINn me arranque la memoria&&& \Por (iedadQ&&& \Tengo miedo de quedarme :on mi dolor solasQ

18ootnote 3* This (oem is com(osed of hendecasyllabic verses of both classes, ith a he(tasyllabic verse closing each stanIa& "otice the Oesdr_jutoO terminating the 3Yth verse& All even verses have the same assonance&5

18ootnote .* que rom(e el rayo y &&& ornis& :om(are(& 30, note 3, and (& ., note Y&5

18ootnote Y* :on ?along ith&?5

L!!!135

#olvern las obscuras golondrinas En tu balcNn sus nidos colgar, ', otra veI, con el ala sus cristales -ugando llamarn&

Pero aquellas que el vuelo refrenaban Tu hermosura y mi dicha contem(lar, Aquellas que a(rendieron nuestros nombres&&& Esas&&& \no volvernQ

#olvern las tu(idas madreselvas e tu jardWn las ta(ias escalar, ' otra veI la tarde, aun ms hermosas, 7us flores se abrirnS

Pero aquellas, cuajadas de rocWo, :uyas gotas mirbamos temblar

' caer, como lgrimas del dWa&&& Esas&&& \no volvernQ

#olvern del amor en tus oWdos Las (alabras ardientes sonarS1.5 Tu coraINn de su (rofundo sueUo Tal veI des(ertarS

Pero mudo y absorto y de rodillas, :omo se adora ios ante su altar,



:omo yo te he querido&&& desengUate, Asi no te querrnQ1Y5

18ootnote 3* This is the most beautiful and the best knon of Becquer?s (oems, and has often been set to music& !t is com(osed of hendecasyllabic verses, mostly of the first class, ith a he(tasyllabic verse closing each stanIa& "otice the Oesdr_juloO

terminating the net to the last verse& The even verses are agudos and of the same assonance throughout, ith the alternate ones rhyming&5

18ootnote .* #olvern &&& sonar& Prose order))OLas ardientes (alabras del amor volvern sonar en tus oidosO&5

18ootnote Y* M$ith this (assionate and melancholy (oem, full in the 7(anish of cadences hich cling to the memory, the love)story (ro(er seems to come to an end& The remaining (oems are all so many cries of melancholy and des(air, ithout, hoever, any s(ecial reference to the treacherous mistress of the earlier series&M =rs& $ard, OA 7(anish +omanticistO, =acmillan?s =agaIine,

8ebruary, 344Y, (& Y3&5

LJ#!135

e donde vengoR&&& El ms horrible y s(ero e los senderos buscaS Las huellas de unos (ies ensangrentados 7obre la roca duraS Los des(ojos de un alma hecha jirones En las IarIas agudasS Te dirn el camino >ue conduce mi cuna&1.5

AdNnde voyR El ms sombrio y triste e los (ramos cruIaS #alle de eternas nieves y de eternas =elancNlicas brumas& En donde est una (iedra solitaria 7in inscri(tiNn alguna, onde habite el olvido, AllW estar mi tumbaR1Y5

18ootnote 3* This (oem is com(osed of hendecasyllabic verses, mostly of the first class, and of he(tasyllabic verses& "otice the Oesdr_juloO ending the 3st verse& The even verses have the same assonance throughout&5

18ootnote .* M+ead in the light of hat e kno of his long struggle, his frail (hysical health, his sensitive tem(er, his crushing double defeat at the hands of death, these somber verses have an individual, (ersonal note, hardly (resent, (erha(s, in the love)(oems, ith all their (assionate beauty&M =rs& $ard, OA



7(anish +omanticistO, =acmillan =agaIine, 8ebruary, 344Y, (, Y3&5

18ootnote Y* M9e used to dream, he tells us, in his boyish visions, of a marble tomb by the Guadalquivir, of hich his fello)tonsmen should (robably say as they (ointed it out to strangers, ?9ere slee(s the (oetQ? !n his later days, o((ressed ith drudgery and ill)health, as he looked toards the future he

bitterly sa himself forgotten, and oblivion settling don on all his half)finished activities of heart and brain&M @=rs& $ard, OibO, (& Y.0&D !t as in such a mood that he rote this the most (ainful of all his (oems&5

LJ#!!!135

"o s lo que he soUado

En la noche (asadaS Triste, muy triste debiN ser el sueUo, Pues des(ierto la angustia me duraba&

"ot, al incor(orarme, 9_meda la almohada, ' (or (rimera veI sentW, al notarlo, e un amargo (lacer henchirse el alma&

Triste cosa es el sueUo >ue llanto nos arrancaS =as tengo en mi tristeIa una alegrWa&&& \7 que a_n me quedan lgrimasQ

18ootnote 3* Each stanIa of this (oem is com(osed of to he(tasyllabic verses folloed @ece(t in the case of the third stanIa hich ends in a he(tasyllabic verseD by to hendecasyllabic verses& The even verses have the same assonance throughout& "otice the Oesdr_juloO ending the (oem&

The thought in the (oem recalls that of 9eine?s O!ch hab? im Traum geeinetO& Becquer?s verses are less musical, but the sentiment e(ressed by them is less artificial, and gives evidence of more real bitterness of heart&

! e(t hile ! as dreaming That thou didst buried lieS

! oke, and ith my ee(ing =y cheeks ere not yet dry&

! e(t hile ! as dreaming That thou hadst gone from meS ! oke, and still ke(t ee(ing 8ull long and bitterly&

! e(t hile ! as dreaming That thou didst love me ellS



! oke, and))oe is me, love)) =y tears are floing still&

OLyrical !ntermeIIo, no& , translated by :has& G& Leland&O5

LJ!J135

Al brillar un relm(ago1.5 nacemos, ' a_n dura su fulgor, cuando morimos* \Tan corto es el vivirQ1Y5 La gloria y el amor tras que corremos, 7ombras de un sueno son que (erseguimos* \es(ertar es morirQ

18ootnote 3* Each stanIa of this (oem is com(osed of to hendecasyllabic verses of the first class, folloed by a he(tasyllabic Overso agudoO& The rhyme scheme of the (oem is a, b, c, a, b, c&5

18ootnote .* Al brillar un relam(ago ?At a lightning?s flash?S that is to say, at the first gleam from a flash of lightning&

18ootnote Y* Tan corto es el vivir& The brevity of human life is naturally enough a favorite theme ith (oets& :om(are))

A =oment?s 9alt))a momentary taste %f BE!"G from the $ell amid the $aste)) And LoQ))the (hantom :aravan has reached The "%T9!"G it set out from)) %h, make hasteQ

OThe +ubiyt of %may <hayym, /4th quatrain, Edard 8itIgerald?s translation&O5

LJJ!!!135

:erraron sus ojos

>ue a_n tenWa abiertosS Ta(aron su cara :on un blanco lienIo* ' unos solloIando, %tros en silencio, e la triste alcoba Todos se salieron&

La luI, que en un vaso, ArdWa en el suelo,



Al muro arrojaba La sombra del lechoS ' entre aquella sombra #eWase intervales, ibujarse rWgida La forma del cuer(o&

es(ertaba el dWa, ' su albor (rimero :on sus mil ruidos es(ertaba el (ueblo& Ante aquel contraste e vida y misterios, e luI y tinieblas, =edit un momento* O\ios mio, qu solos se quedan los muertosQQO

e la casa en hombros Llevronla al tem(lo,

' en una ca(illa ejaron el fretro& AllW rodearon 7us (lidos restos e amarillas velas ' de (aUos negros&1.5

Al dar de las nimas1Y5 El toque (ostrero, AcabN una vieja 7us _ltimos reIosS :ruIN la ancha nave, Las (uertas gimieron, ' el santo recinto >uedNse desiertoS

e un reloj se oWa :om(asado el (ndulo, ' de algunos cirios El chis(orroteo& Tan medroso y triste, Tan obscuro y yerto, Todo se encontraba&&& >ue (ens un momento* O\ios mio, qu solos se quedan los muertosQQO

e la alta cam(ana La lengua de hierro, Le diN, volteando, 7u adiNs lastimero& El luto en las ro(as, Amigos y deudos :ruIaron en fila, 8ormando el cortejo&

el _ltimo asilo,



%bscure y estrecho, AbriN la (iqueta El nicho un etremo&1/5 AllW la acostaron, Ta(ironle luego, ' con un saludo es(idiNse el duelo&

La (iqueta al hombro, El se(ulturero :antando entre dientes 7e (erdiN lo lejos& La noche se entraba, +einaba el silencioS Perdido en las sombras, =edite un memento* O\ios mWo, qu solos se quedan los muertosRQO

En las largas noches

el helado invierno, :uando las maderas :rujir hace el viento ' aIota los vidrios El fuerte aguacero, e la (obre niUa solas me acuerdo&

AllW cae la lluvia :on un sn eternoS AllW la combate El so(lo del cierIo& el h_medo muro Tendida en el hueco, Acaso de frWo 7e hielan sus huesosQ&&&

6 6 6

#uelve el (olvo al (olvoR #uela el alma al cieloR Todo es vil materia, Podredumbre y cienoR \"o sS15 (ero hay algo >ue e(licar no (uedo >ue al (ar nos infunde +e(ugnancia y duelo,

Al dejar tan tristes, Tan solos los muertosQ

18ootnote 3* This (oem is com(osed of heasyllabic verses& "otice the Oesdr_julosO terminating lines 3/, 3, Y0, Y, and //& The even verses have the same assonance throughout&5

18ootnote .* e la casa &&& (anes negros& MThe folloing are the chief (oints in the funeral rite as (rescribed in the +oman +itual& The cor(se is borne in (rocession ith lights to the



church& The (arish (riest assists in sur(lice and black stoleS the clerks carry the holy ater and crossS the coffin is first s(rinkled ith holy ater and the (salm Oe ProfundisO recitedS then the cor(se is carried to the church hile the =iserere is said&&&& :andles are lighted round the coffin, and the office and =ass of the dead, folloed by absolution, accom(anied by as(ersion and incensation over the cor(se, are said& Then another

(rocession, and the cor(se is carried to the tomb&M Addis and Arnold, O:atholic ict&O, (& YC3&

18ootnote Y* las nimas& The ringing of bells to remind the faithful to (ray for the souls of the dead&5

18ootnote /* El nicho un etremo& To understand this (assage one must bear in mind that in 7(anish graveyards cor(ses are generally interred in niches su(erim(osed one above the other in high alls, like the (igeon)holes of a cabinet, and that these niches are sealed ith stone tablets bearing the names etc& of the deceased&5

18ootnote * "o s& 7ee (& 3CC, note 3&5

LJJ#135

7er verdad que cuando toca el sueUo :on sus dedos de rosa nuestros ojos e la crcel que habita huye el es(Writu En vuelo (resurosoR1.5

7er verdad que, hus(ed de las nieblas, e la brisa nocturna al tenue so(lo,1Y5 Alado sube ] la regiNn vacWa1/5 encontrarse con otrosR

' allW, desnudo de la humana forma, AllW, los laIos terrenales rotos, Breves horas habita de la idea El mundo silenciosoR

' rWe y llora y aborrece y ama, ' guarda un rastro del dolor y el goIo, 7emejante al que deja cuando cruIa

El cielo un meteoroR

\'o no s si ese mundo de visiones #ive fuera, N va dentro de nosotrosS15 Pero s que conoIco ] muchas gentes quienes no conoIcoQ1C5

18ootnote 3* Each 7tanIa of this (oem is com(osed of three hendecasyllabic verses folloed by a he(tasyllabic& "otice the Oesdr_juloO ending the Yd verse and the hiatus in the th verse&



The even verses are of the same assonance throughout&

18ootnote .* cuando toca &&& (resaroso& :icero says, in Oe ivinationeO, !& Y0& CY* O-acet enim cor(us dormientis ui mortuiS viget autem et vivil animus,O The body of the slee(er lies as though deadS but his mind lives and flourishes&

18ootnote Y* elabrisa &&& so(lo& Prose order))OAl tenue so(lo de la brisa nocturnaO&5

18ootnote /* sube la regiNn vacia ?rises into s(ace&?5

18ootnote * #ive fuera, N va dentro de nosotros ?is an inde(endent fact, or the (roduct of our imagination&?5

18ootnote C* conoIco &&& no conoIco ?! am acquainted ith many (eo(le @because ! have met them in thought or in dreamsD hom ! do not kno @have never met in the flesh, nor heard ofD&? 9aving met other souls hile andering in dreams @line 4D or in some ay equally difficult of rational e(lanation, ! have a circle of

acquaintances that transcends the list of those of hom ! have knoledge in any recogniIed ay& The thought is thus identical ith that of <i(ling?s story MThe Brushood Boy&M5

#%:AB;LA+'

, to, at, on, by, ith, from, in, ithin, according toS Osign of theobject after transitive verbs before a (ersonal object, and oftenbefore any animate objectSO )) im(ulsos de, moved by, overcome byS ))lo largo de, alongS )) mas de, besidesS )) ms y mejor, the best theycouldS the most (ossibleS vying ith one anotherS a )) la media hora,ithin half an hourS )) medias, halfS )) medio abrir, half o(enS al(arecer, seeminglyS )) (oco, in a little hileS )) (oco de, shortlyafterS ))los (ocos minutos, ithin a fe minutesS estar al (onerse, tobe about to setS )) (ro(Nsito, suited, suitable, desirableS by theayS a(ro(osS )) lo que, as far asS from hatS asS )) queR hyRhereforeR al revs, backardsS )) no saber, had ! not knonS )) noser, unless it beS )) no ser (or, ere it not forS )) solas, aloneS ))tientas, gro(ingS stealthilyS )) travs de, across, throughS )) vida,aliveS al vuelo, flyingS on the ing&

abad, Om&O, abbot&

abadesa, Of&O, abbess&

abajo, under, beloS de arriba )), from to( to bottom, from end to end&

abalanIarse, to rush u(on&

abandonar, to abandon, desert, leave, let go, give u(&

abandono, Om&O, abandonment, abandon&



abanico, Om&O, fan&

abarcar, to embrace, take in&

abatido, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO abatir, blon don, dimmed, dim&

abatir, to loer, take off, strike donS )) el vuelo, to alight&

abeja, Of&O, bee&

abierto, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO abrir, o(ened, o(en&

abigarrado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO abigarrar, flecked, variegated, motley&

abismo, Om&O, abyss, dee(, de(th&

abofetear, to buffet, sla(, strike&

abogado, Om&O, intercessor&

aborrecer, to abhor, hate&

abortar, to eject, abort, give untimely birth to&

abrasador, burning, ardent&

abrasar, to burn&

abraIar, to embrace&

abraIo, Om&O, embrace&

abrevar, to ater&

abrigo, Om&O, shelter, (rotection&

abril, Om&O, A(ril&

abrillantar, to light u(, make s(arkle, cause to shine&

abrir, to o(en, o(en u(S )) (aso, to clear the ay, make roomS

medio )), half o(enS Osubst&O, o(eningS en un )) y cerrar de ojos,in the tinkling of an eyeS in an instantS Orefl&O, to o(en @u(D, bedisclosedS to burst, sell&

absouluciNn, Of&O, absolution&

absolutamente, absolutely&

absorto, )a, Oadj& ((& @irr&DO of absorber, absorbed, amaIedSengrossed, s(ellbound&

abstracciNn, Of&O, abstraction, se(aration&

absurdo, )a, absurdS Osubst& m&O, absurdity, nonsense&



abuela, Of&O, grandmother&

abuelo, Om&O, grandfather&

abultar, to enlarge, increase&

abundancia, Of&O, abundance&

abundante, abundant, luuriant (rofuse&

aburrido, Oadj& ((& ofO aburrir, tired, im(atient&

aburrirse, to be bored, be (er(leed gro im(atient&

abusar, to im(ose @de, u(onD&

ac, hereS de )) &&& de acull, here &&& thereS de )) (ara all, from(oint to (ointS hither and thither (or )), in this direction&

acabar, to finish, end, close, succeed inS )) de, to have justS lo que

acababa de suceder, hat had just ha((enedS lo que acabamos deescuchar, hat e have just listened toS \Acabramos de una veIQ elland goodQ quien @enD mal anda, @enD mal acaba, a bad beginning makes abad ending&

acaecer, to ha((en, befall&

acalorado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO acalorar, heated, hot&

acariciar, to caress, fondle, delight&

acaso, Om&O, chanceS (or )), (erchanceS Oadv&O, (erha(s, (erchance&

accidentado, )a, broken, rugged&

accidente, Om&O, accident, (ro(erty, (eculiarity, roughness,irregularity&

acciNn, Of&O, act, action&

acecho, Om&O, ambush&

aceite, Om&O, oil&

acento, Om&O, tone, accent, voice, ord, e(ressionS decWa a_n su )),his accents ke(t re(eating&

acerca* )) de, about&

acercar, to a((roach, bring nearS Orefl&O, to a((roach&

acero, Om&O, steelS sord&

acertado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO acertar, ascertained, accurate&

acertar, to succeed, be ableS )con, to hit u(on, find, be certain of&



acicate, Om&O, s(ur, roel&

aclimaciNn, Of&O, acclamation&

aclamar, to acclaim&

acoger, to receiveS Orefl&O, to resort, take refuge&

acometedor, Om&O, undertaker, one ho undertakes&

acometer, to attack, seiIe&

acomodar, to accommodate, lodge, quarter, furnish ith lodging&

acom(aUamiento, Om&O, accom(animent&

acom(aiiante, Om&O, com(anion&

acom(aUar, to accom(any&

acom(asado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO acom(asar measured, regular&

aconsejar, to counsel, advise&

acontecer, to ha((en&

acordarse, to recollect, rememberS )) de, to remember&

acorde, Om&O, accord, harmony&

acortarse, to slacken, abate, diminish&

acosar, to molest, harass&

acostar, to lay, (laceS Orefl&O, to lie don, go to bed&

acostumbrar, to accustomS to be accustomed&

actitud, Of&O, attitude, (ostureS colocarse en )) de defensa, to fallon guard&

acto, Om&O, act, occasion, incidentS )) continuo, straightay,immediately, immediately afterard&

actor, Om&O, actor&

actual, (resent&

acutico, )a, aquatic&

acudir, to go, come, re(air to, run u(, hasten, gather, flock, rush&

acuerdo, Om&O, agreementS (onerse de )), to come to an agreementS toagree&

acull, thereS &&& de ac &&& de )), &&& here &&& there&



acurrucarse, to conceal oneselfS to crouch don&

acusar, to accuseS )) de, to accuse as @OorO ofD being&

adarme, Om&O, half a drachm @OorO dramDS minute quantityS miteS dos))s de imaginaciNn, the least bit of imagination&

adelantar, to advance, (roceedS Orefl&O, to advance, (roceed,a((roach, go, hasten&

adelante, forard, furtherS desde allW en )), from that time onS hacia))S forardS ms )), further on, laterS \))Q forardQ

ademn, Om&O, attitude, gesture, manner, action, motion&

adentro, ithin&

adereIar, to get ready, (re(are, clean&

adiNs, Om&O, fareellS \))Q good)byQ

adivinar, to divine, guess, observe, note&

administrar, to administer&

admirable, admirable&

admiraciNn, Of&O, admiration, onder&

admirar, to admire, esteemS Orefl&O, to be seiIed ith admirationS tomarvel&

admitir, to admit, receive&

adolescencia, Of&O, adolescence&

adNnde @and adondeD, Oint& @and rel&D adv& and conj&O, hither, hereS)) quiera, heresoever, heresoe?er&

adoraciNn, Of&O, orshi(, adoration, devotionS O(l&, same meanings&O

adorador, Om&O, adorer&

adormido, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO adormir, drosy, heavy ith slee(&

adornar, to adorn&

adosado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO adosar, (laced @resting, standing, OorOleaningD against&

adulador, faning&

advertencia, Of&O, advice, information&

advertir, to notice, advise, inform, arnS (ues es de )), and you mustremember @kno OorO bear in mindD&



areo, )a, arial, of @OorO (ertaining toD the air&

afable, courteous, gracious&

afn, Om&O, eagerness, eager desire&

afectado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO afectar, feigned, affected&

afectar, to affect&

afilado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO afilar, shar(ened, shar(&

afilar, to grind, het, shar(en&

afirmar, to affirm, assert&

afligido, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO afligir, afflicted, retched, miserable&

afligir, to afflict, make retched @OorO miserableD&

afortunadamente, fortunately&

agarrarse, to gras(, clas(, seiIe, hold tightly&

agasa(arse, to conceal oneself&

gil, agile, fleet&

agilidad, Of&O, agility, celerity&

agitaciNn, Of&O, ecitement, agitation&

agitar, to agitate, move, shakeS Orefl&O, to move restlessly, beagitatedS to ave, flutter&

agol(arse, to crod, rush&

agonWa, Of&O, agony, act of e(iring&

agotar, to ehaust&

agradable, agreeable, (leasant&

agru(ar, to grou(, collectS Orefl&O to come togetherS to assemble,collect&

agua, Of&O, aterS )) bendita, holy ater&

aguacero, Om&O, shoer, torrent of rain&

aguardar, to e(ect, aait, ait forS hacerse )), to delay ina((earing&

agudo, )a, shar(, acute, biting, (iercing&

aguijonear, to thrust, im(el, drive @OorO s(urD on&



aguja, Of&O, needle, s(ire&

agujero, Om&O, hole&

\ahQ ahQ ohQ

ahW, here, thereS (or )), hereabouts&

ahogar, to suffocate, smother, dronS to be re(ressed @OorO confinedD&

ahora, noS desde )), from no on&

ahorcar, to hang&

aire, OmO, air, look, a((earance, manner, tune, melody&

airoso, )a, airy, gracefulS ms airosa, ith better graceS Oadv&O,gracefully&

aislado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO aislar, isolated&

ajimeI, Om&O, ajimeI, (ointed @OorO archedD double indo divided inthe middle by a column&

ajorca, Of&O bracelet&

al elS )) salir, as ! as going out&

ala, Of&O, ing, (inion&

alabastro, Om&O, alabaster&

alado, )a, inged, soaring&

alali, Om&O, alali, a hunting cry&

alameda, Of&O, grove of (o(lar)trees&

lamo, Om&O (o(lar, hite (o(lar&

alargar, to etend, raise&

alarido, Om&O, outcry, shout, hol, yell&

alarma, Om& or f&O, alarmS (oner en )), to alarm&

alaIn, Om&O, sorrel horse&

alba, Of&O* dan&

albedrWo, Om&O, free illS con libre )), of @herD on free ill&

albergarse, to take u( lodgings&

albino, Om&O, albino&

albor, Om&O, @(oet&D dan&



alborotar, to disturbS Orefl&O, to be disturbed, be turbulent&

alboroto, Om&O, disturbance, noise&

alboroIado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO alboroIar, ehilarated, rejoicing,gleeful, joyous&

alboroIo, Om&O, joy, rejoicing, ra(ture&

alcaide, Om&O, jailer, arden, governor @of a castleD&

alcance, Om&O, reach, range&

alcanIar, to succeed, be ableS to overtake, reach, attain, come toS tocom(rehendS la @genteD que sele alcanIa, those @(ersonsD ho aregood judges of&

alcIar, Om&O, castle&

aldaba, Of&O, bar, cross)bar, knocker&

aldea, Of&O, village, hamlet&

aldeano, Om&O, (easant, villager&

alegar, to allege, adduce&

alegrarse, to rejoice, eult, be glad&

alegre, (leasant, joyful, bright, joyous, merry&

alegremente, joyfully, merrily&

alegrWa, Of&O, joy, gladness&

alejar, to remove, take aayS Orefl&O, to go aay, disa((ear&

alerce, Om&O, larch, genus of coniferous trees&

alfombra, Of&O, car(et, rug&

Alfonso, Om&O, Al(honso&

alga, Of&O, seaeed, alga&

algarabWa, Of&O, jargon, babble, clatter, hubbub&

algaIara, Of&O, rejoicing, shout@sD, shouting&

algo, something, anything, some hatS )) es )), something is betterthan nothingS that is something&

algodNn, Om&O, cotton&

alguacil, Om&O, constable, alguaIil&



alg_n& 7ee alguno&

alguno, )a, some, anyS )) que otro, here and there oneS a very feSsome&

aliaga, Of&O, furIe, a thorny evergreen shrub ith beautiful yellofloers&

aliento, Om&O, breath&

aligerar, to lighten, ease&

alimaUa, Of&O, @Oobs&OD animal&

aliviar, to alleviate, mitigate, relieve&

alma, Of&O, soul, s(irit&

almena, Of&O, turret&

almohada, Of&O, (illo&

alojamiento, Om&O, lodging, quarters&

alojarse, to lodge, find lodgings @OorO quartersD&

alondra, Of&O, lark&

Alonso, Om&O, AlonIo, Al(honso&

alquerWa, Of&O, farmhouse&

alrededor, aroundS )) de, about, roundS su )), around himS Osubst&m& (l&O, environs, neighborhood&

altanero, )a, haughty, (roud&

altar, Om&O, altarS )) mayor, high altar, chief altar&

alterarse, to be disturbed&

alternado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO alternar, alternating, intermittent,recurrent&

alteIa, Of&O, highness&

altisimo, )a, Oabs& su(er& ofO alto, very high, lofty&

altivo, )a, haughty&

alto, )a, tall, high, dee(, loftyS im(ortant, late, loudS en la altanoche, in the dead of nightS late at nightS Osubst& m&O, height,summit, to(&

alto, Om&O, haltS mandar hacer )), to give orders to haltS \))Q haltQ

altura, Of&O, height, summit&



alucinaciNn, Of&O, hallucination&

alumbrar, to give light toS to enable to seeS to light u(&

alIar, to raise, lift u(S Orefl&O, to rise, heave&

all, thereS ms )), fartherS beyondS on (astS )) al filo de la medianoche, just about midnightS )) (or &&&, back there in&&&S (ort )), inthat direction, thither, thereS de ac (ara )), from (oint to (ointShither and thither&

allegados, Om& (l&O, friends, allies&

allegar, to collect, get together&

allW, thereS desde en adelante, from that time onS ya )), @hen theyhadD arrived there&

amado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO amar, beloved, loved&

amaestrar, to break inS to train, teach

amalgama, Of&O, amalgamation, miture

amanecer, to danS all )), at danS at break of dayS hasta el )), tillbreak of dayS until danS nos amanecWa llorando, doan found usee(ing&

amante, Osubst& m& or f&O, lover, beloved, loved one&

amar, to love&

amargo, )a, bitter, (ainful&

amarillo, )a, yallo

ambiciNn, Of&O, ambition&

mbito, m& confines, inclosure, body, com(ass&

ambos, )as, both&

amenaIa, Of&O, threat, menace&

amenaIador, menacing, threatening&

amenaIar, to threaten&

amigablemente, amicably, (leasantly&

amigo, Om&O, friend&

amigote, Om&O great friend, intimate friend&

amistad, Of&O, friendshi(&



amonestaciNn, Of&O, advice, admonition, arning&

amontonar, to (ile u(, hea( u(, crod together&

amor, Om&O, loveS seetheartS )) (ro(io, self)love, conceit, vanity&

amoroso, )a, amorous, loving, dear&

amortiguar, to tem(er, soften&

am(arar, to (rotect, aid, assist, hel(&

am(aro, Om&O, succor, (rotection, refuge&

am(lio, )a, full&

analiIar, to analyIe&

anciano, )a, old, aged, ancientS Osubst& m& or f&O, old man, oldomanS Om& (l&O, old (eo(le, elders&

ancho, )a, large, broad&

anchuroso, )a, s(acious&

andar, to go, alk, act, beS ms )), at full s(eedS como se lasentrase ms )) el dWa, as the day ent onS as the day (assed @forthemDS )) (enando, to suffer tormentS )) (or, to go about, be currentinS )) ms de sobra, to be more in ecessS los talones, to follocloselyS de alg_n tiem(o esta (arte anda, @hoD for some time nohas beenS quien @enD mal anda, @enD mal acaba, a bad beginning makes abad ending&

andas, Of& (l&O, bier @ith shaftsD, stretcher, litter&

andurriales, Om& (l&O, by)roads, retired s(ots, out)of)the)ay (laces&

anegarse, to be inundated @OorO submergedD&

anfiteatro, Om&O, am(hitheater&

anfitriNn, Om&O, am(hitr)yon, host&

angel, Om&O, angel&

angosto, )a, narro, close&

ngulo, Om&O, angle, corner&

anguloso, )a, angular&

angustia, Of&O, anguish&

angustioso, )a, full of anguish, heartrending, des(erate, terrible,agoniIing&

anilla, Of&O, ring&



anillo, Om&O, ring, coil&

nima,Of&O, soulS en ios y en mi )), in very truthS God knos @thatit is trueD&

animaciNn, Of&O, animation&

animado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO animar, animated, enlivened, heated, moved,encouraged, heightened&

animadversiNn, Of&O, censure, re(roof, hostility&

animal, Om&O, animal&

animar, to animate, encourage, urge on&

nimo, Om&O, mind, thought, intention, s(iritS recobrar el )), torecover one?s sensesS to come to oneself&

anoche, last night&

ansia, Of&O, aniety, agonyS eager desire, love, longing&

ansiedad, Of&O, anietyS con )), aniously&

ansioso, )a, anious, eager, desirous&

ante, before, in the (resence of&

antemano* de )), beforehand, (reviously&

ante(asados, Om& (l&O, ancestors&

ante(echo, Om&O, breastork, balcony, balustrade&

anterior, formerS la noche )), the night before&

anteriormente, (reviously, before&

antes, formerly, before, first, rather, onceS )) de, beforeS )) detiem(o, (rematurelyS before it as ri(eS )) que, beforeS rather than,sooner thanS far fromS las )) losas se(ulcrales, the once se(ulchralslabs&

antiguo, )a, old, ancient, former&

antojarse, to have a fancy @OorO desireD @Oused only in the Yrd (ersonsing&, ithO me, te, le, etc&DS antojbaseme, it seemed to meS !fancied&

antojo, Om&O, him, fancy, ca(rice&

anublar, to cloud, darken&

anudarse, to become chokedS to die aay&



anunciar, to announce, foretell&

anuncio, Om&O, announcement&

aUadidura, Of&OS additionS (or )), besides, in addition&

aUadir, to add&

aUo, Om&O, yearS el )) que viene, net yearS all (or los ))s de miltrescientos y (ico, back there in the year thirteen hundred andsomething&

aUoso, )a, old, ancient&

a(acible, (lacid, quiet, (leasant, (eaceful, serene&

a(aciguarse, to be @OorO becomeD calmS to be a((eased&

a(agar, to (ut out, etinguish, quenchS Orefl&O, to go out, die out,be etinguishedS to become calm @OorO silentD&

a(alear, to beat, cudgel&

a(arecer, to a((ear&

a(ariciNn, Of&O, a((earance, a((arition&

a(ariencia, Of&O, a((earance&

a(artar, to take aay, remove, (ut aside, se(arateS )) la vista, tolook aayS Orefl&O, to de(art, serve&

a(arte de, aside from&

a(asionado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO a(asionar, (assionate&

a(earse, to alight, dismount&

a(edrear, to stone&

a(elar, to a((eal&

a(ellidar, to call&

a(enas, hardly, barelyS )) sW, hardly, barelyS )) sW (udiera, ! couldscarcely&

a(ercibir, to (re(are, get readyS to arn&

a(ilar, to (ile @OorO hea(D u(&

a(iUado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO a(iUar, (yramidal, hea(ed u(, croded,closely (ressed, denseS ))os gru(os, dense crods, closely (ackedgrou(sS )as matas, tangled @OorO denseD shrubbery @OorO under)brushDS)as olas, tossing aves&

a(iUar, to hea( u(, (ress @OorO crodD togetherS to massS Orefl&O, to



a crod&

a(lastar, to flatten, crush, eigh don, smash, destroy&

a(lauso, Om&O, a((lauseS O(l&O, a((lause&

a(licar, to a((ly&

a(lomo, Om&O, assurance, self)(ossession&

a(oderarse, to take (ossession @de, ofD&

a(osentador, Om&O, quartermasterS sargento )), quartermaster)sergeant&

a(ostarse, to (ost oneself, take u( a (osition&

a(oyado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO a(oyar, su((orted, leaning&

a(oyarse, to rest, be su((orted, su((ort oneself, bear u(on, lean @en,on, u(onD&

a(reciar, to value, a((reciate&

a(recio, Om&O, esteem, regard&

a(rehender, to takeS to ca(ture&

a(render, to learnS )) de memoria, to memoriIe, learn by heart&

a(rensiNn, Of&O, a((rehension, imagination, groundless fear @de, onthe (art ofD&

a(restarse, to make (re(arations&

a(resurar, to hasten, quickenS Orefl&O, to hasten, make haste&

a(resurado, Oadj& ((& ofO a(resurar, quickened, hasty, ra(id, inhaste, convulsiveS Oadv&O, convulsively&

a(retado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO a(retar, croded, dense, difficult&

a(risionar, to confine, im(rison&

a(robar, to a((rove, sho one?s (leasure&

a(ro(Nsito de, about, ith regard to&

a(rovechar, to take advantage of, (rofit by, avail oneself of, seiIe&&

a(roimaciNn, Of&O, a((roach, (roimity&

a(roimarse, to a((roach, dra nearS ir a(roimando, to a((roach&

a(urar, to ehaust, clean u(, drainS to try, test&

a(uro, Om&O, difficulty, straits&



aquel, ))la, ))lo, that&

aqul, ))la, ))lo, the one, that one, the former&

aqui, hereS (asar de )), to go @anyD further @OorO fartherDS (or )),here, hereabouts, hitherS he )), here is @OorO areDS behold&

ara, Of&O, altar&

rabe& Arabic, =oorish&

aragons, Aragonese, of @OorO (ertaining toD Aragon&

araUa, Of&O, s(ider&

rbol, Om&O, tree&

arbusto, Om&O, shrub, bush&

arca, Of&O, chest, coffer&

arcada, Of&O, arcade, arch&

arcngel, Om&O, archangel&

arco, Om&O, arch, archay, entrance

arch, niche, recessS ))iris, rainbo&

arder, to burn, blaIe, glo&

ardid, Om&O, cunning, trick&

ardiente, ardent, fiery, burning, gloing&

ardor, Om&O, ardor, fire, heat&

ardoroso, )a, burning, gloing&

arena, Of&O, sand&

arista, Of&O, straS fiber @of (lantsD&

arma, Of&O, arm, ea(onS el haI de ))s, (ano(lyS hacer sus @(rimerasD))s, to learn fencing&

armada, Of&O, fleet, armada&

armadura, Of&O, annor

armar, to arm&

armario, Om&O, ardrobe, cabinetS no tener su alma en su )), not tohave one?s soul in the right (laceS to have one?s soul in an abnormalcondition&

armonWa, Of&O, harmony&



armNnico, )a, harmonious, ithout discordS melodious, ith seetsounds&

armonioso, )a, harmonious, regular, beautiful&

aroma, Om&O, aroma, odor, (erfume&

ar(a, Of&O, har(, lyre&

ar(Nn, Om&O, har(oon, javelin, shaft&

arqueNlogo, Om&O, archaeologist&

arquero, Om&O, archer, boman&

arrancar, to (ull off, snatch aay, (ull out, tear, rest, dra,obtain, de(rive ofS to (roduceS to aaken suddenly&

arrancharse, to cam(S to mess&

arranque, Om&O, (assion, burst of (assion&

arrastrar, to trail, drag along the ground, dra on, attract, bringu(, take, carry, drag, touch, dra aayS Orefl&O, to drag oneselfS tocree(, cral, drag along the ground, trailS to be convinced, beinduced&

arrebatar, to carry off, snatch aay&

arrebato, Om&O, trans(ort&

arrebolar, to redden&

arrebujarse, to ra( oneself u(&

arreglar, to regulate&

arremolinar, to hirlS to hea( @or (ileD u(&

arre(entido, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO arre(entirse, re(ented, re(entant&

arre(entirse, to re(ent&

arriba, above, over, u(S de )) abajo, from to( to bottomS from end toend&

arriesgarse, to venture, risk oneself @(or, through, inD&

arrodillado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO arrodillarse, kneeling, on one?s knees&

arrodillarse, to kneel&

arrogante, handsome, commanding&

arrojar, to thro, cast, fling, hurl forthS to shed, (our, emit,utterS Orefl&O, to cast oneselfS to fall&



arrostrar, to brave, face, encounter&

arroyo, Om&O, rivulet, small stream&

arruinar, to ruin&

arte, Om& or f&O, art, artifice, trick&

articular, to s(eak, utter&

artista, Om&O, artist&

artWstico, )a, artistic&

arIobis(o, Om&O, archbisho(&

asalto, Om&O, assault, storm&

asaI, @O(oet&OD quite, enough&

ascenso, Om&O, ascent&

asco, Om&O, nausea, loathing&

ascua, Of&O, coal, gloing coal&

asegurar, to assert, assure, secure&

asemejar, to resembleS Orefl&O, to resemble&

asenderear, to (ersecute&

asentarse, to be seatedS to sit donS to be situated&

asentimiento, Om&O, assent&

asesinar, to assassinate&

asesinato, Om&O, assassination, murder&

asW, thus, so&

asiduidad, Of&O, assiduity, assiduous attention, Ieal&

asiento, Om&O, seat, chair&

asilo, Om&O, asylum, sanctuary, shelter, refuge&

asir, to seiIe, gras(, lay hold of&

asistente, Om&O, chief justice @of 7evilleDS servant, orderly&

asistir, to be (resentS to assistS to itness&

asomado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO asomar, a((earing, looking out&



asomar, to a((ear, be visible, loom u(, look u(, (ut out, shoS enhablando del ruWn de +oma, ctale aqui que asoma, s(eak of the deviland he ill a((ear&

asombrado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO asombrar, ondering, astonished,frightened, terrified, anious&

asombro, Om&O, astonishment, sur(rise&

asombroso, )a, astonishing, marvelous&

as(ecto, Om&O, sight, a((earance, as(ect&

s(ero, )a, rough, harsh, unkem(t, rugged&

s(id, Om&O, as(ic, as(&

as(irar, to breathe in&

asqueroso, )a, loathsome, noisome&

asta, Of&O, shaft, staff, trunk, body&

astilla, Of&O, chi(, s(linter&

astro, Om&O, star&

astuto, )a, cunning, crafty, sly&

asunto, Om&O, circumstance, matter&

affair, event, incident, subject&

asustar, to frighten&

atabal, Om&O, drum, kettledrum&

atajar, to sto(&

atar, to bind, tieS )) bien corto, to tie very shortS to hold instrict subjectionS )) de (ies y manos, to bind hand and foot&

ateWsmo, Om&O, atheism, unbelief&

atenciNn, Of&O, attention&

atender, to (ay attention toS to e(ect&

atento, )a, attentive, heedful&

aterrador, terrifying, frightful&

aterrar, to frighten, terrify&

atillo, Om&O, bundle&

atmNsfera, Of&O, atmos(here&



atolondrado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO atolondrar, (er(leed, confusedS giddy,ild, heedless&

tomo, Om&O, atom, (article&

atNnito, )a, astonished, amaIed&

atractivo, Om&O, charm, attraction&

atraer, to dra, attract, bring don&

atrsS back, backardsS )) de, behind&

atravesar, to cross, traverse&

atreverse, to dare, venture, have the courage&

atrevido, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO atreverse, daring, bold, rash, audacious&

atrevimiento, Om&O, boldness, rashness&

atribulado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO atribular, afflicted, veed, suffering&

atrio, Om&O, (ortico, church (orch&

atronador, deafening, thundering, thunderous&

atro(ellarse, to hurry, rush&

aturdido, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO aturdir, (erturbed, confused, beildered,stu(efied, astonished, agitated&

aturdir, to disturb, confuse, beilder&

auditorio, Om&O, audience&

aullar, to hol&

a_n @or aunD, even, still, yetS no &&& ni )), not evenS )) cuando,althoughS )) que, although&

aunque, although&

aura, Of&O, gentle breeIe, Ie(hyr&

aurora, Of&O dan&

ausencia, Of&O, absence&

ausente, absent&

auto, Om&O, judicial decree or sentenceS arrant, edictS )) de fe,(ublic (unishment by the !nquisition, often a (ublic burningS @henceDa great fire, a bonfire, a fire&

autor, Om&O, author&



autoridad, Of&O, authority&

autoriIar, to authoriIe

avanIado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO avanIar, advanced, late&

avanIar, to advance, (rogress&

avaro, )a, miserly, avaricious

ave, Of&O, bird&

avenida, Of&O, a((roach, avenue&

aventura, Of&O, adventure, event, incident&

aventurarse, to venture&

aventurero, Om&O, adventurer, knight errant&

averiguar, to inquire, find out, investigate&

avideI, Of&O, avidityS con )), eagerly&

avisado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO avisar, advised, informed&

aviso, Om&O, arning&

\ayQ alasQ ayes, Osubst& m& (l&O, lamentations&

ayer yesterday&

ayuda, Of&O, aid, hel(, means&

ayudar, to aid, hel(&

ayuntamiento, Om&O, munici(al government, ton @OorO cityD hall&

aIar, Om&O, haIardS al )), at haIardS at random&

aIaroso, )a, haIardous, adventurous, venturesome&

aIotar, to hi(, lash, beat against, strike, cut&

aIucena, Of&O, lily, hite lily&

aI_l, blueS )) turquW, dark blueS Osubst& m&O, blue, indigo&

aIulado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO aIular, aIured, bluish, indigo, blue&

aIuIar, to set on, let loose, urge on&

B



bagaje, Om&O, baggageS O(l&O, baggage @of an armyD&

\bahQ bahQ, nonsenseQ

bajar, to descend, loer, sink don, let fall, cast don, come don&

bajel, Om&O, shi(&

bajo, )a, loS Oadv&O, underneath, under, beneath&

balanceado& )a, Oadj& ((& ofO balancear, balanced, sayed, saying&

balancearse, to say, totter, reel&

balbucear, to stammer&

balcNn, Om&O, balcony, casement indo, balcony casement indo&

balde* en )), in vain, vainly&

balsa, Of&O, (ool, lake&

Baltasara, Of&O, @O7(an&OD +altasara&

ballesta, Of&OS, crossbo&

ballestero, Om&O, archer, crossboman&

banda, Of&O, band, gang, flock&

bandada,Of,O, flock, crod, band, sarm&

bandido, Om&O, bandit&

bando, Om&O, flock, flight&

bandolera, Of&O, bandoleer, hunting)belt @slung across the shoulderD&

banquillo, Om&O, stool, bench&

baUar, to bathe, ash&

bquico, )a, bacchanal, bacchanalian&

barajarse, to rithe&

barandal, Om&O, balustrade, railing&

barba, Of&O, beardS O(l&O, beardS y se le rieron en sus ))sS and theylaughed in his face&

barNn, Om&O, baron, lord&

barra, Of&O, bar&

barranco, Om&O, gorge, (reci(ice&



barrio, Om&O, ard, quarter&

base, Of&O, base, basis&

basta, enough, halt, sto(&

bastante, sufficient, enough, sufficiently, rather, considerableS lo

)), sufficiently, enough&

bastar, to be sufficientS baste, let that sufficeS enough&

batallar, to disagree, battle, be at odds&

batir, to beat, strike, cla(S )) el cobre de firme, to be mostdiligentS )) las (almas, to cla( the handsS Osubst&O, beatingS Orefl&Oto fight a duel&

beata, Of&O, (ious omanS lay sister&

bebedor, Om&O, ti((ler, to(er&

beber, to drink&

belleIa, Of&O, beauty&

bellisimo, )a, Oabs&O su((er& of bello, very @OorO mostD beautiful&

bello, )a, beautiful, handsome&

bendecir, to consecrate, bless&

bendiciNn, Of&O, benediction, blessingS que era una )) del cielo, in asur(rising ay&

bendito, )a, Oadj& ((& @irr&D ofO bendecir, blessed, holy,consecrated&

benvolo, )a, benevolent, gracious&

besar, to kissS to touchS llegar y )) el santo, to succeed in a briefs(ace of timeS to find good fortune quickly&

besoS Om&O, kiss&

biblioteca, Of&O, library&

bien, Om&O, good deed @or actD, good, benefitS un )) de caridad, a

good turn, a benevolent favorS O(l&O, (ro(ertyS Oadv&O, ell, veryS si)), although, even ifS mas )), ratherS (ues )), ell, ell then, ellnoS N )), or, or elseS )) &&& N, hether &&& orS either, orS (orque&&& N (or ser, hether because &&& or because it asS )) que &&& ))que, hether &&& orS either because &&& or because&

bigote, Om&O, mustache&

birrete, Om&O, ca(, barret&



bisojo, )a, cross)eyed&

biIarro, )a, gallant, brave, highs(irited, generous&

blanco, )a, hite&

blancura, Of&O, hiteness, hiteness of com(leion&

blancusco, )a, hitish, gray&

blandamente, softly&

blandir, to brandish&

blando, )a, soft&

blanquear, to hiten, shine hiteS to bleach&

blasfemar, to blas(heme, curse&

blasfemia, Of&O, blas(hemy&

blasNn, Om&O, blaIon&

bobo, Om&O, dunce, fool&

boca, Of&O, mouthS de )), on @hisD faceS de manos )), all of asuddenS une(ectedlyS (unto en )), silence, hush&

boca)calle, Of&O, entrance @end OorO o(eningD to a street&

bocado, Om&O, morsel, bite&

boceto, Om&O, sketch, outline&

bocina, Of&O, trum(et, horn, bugle&

bofetada, Of&O, buffet, blo&

bofetNn, Om&O, sla(, blo&

bondad, Of&O, kindness, goodness&

bondadoso, )a, benevolent, kind&

bonito, )a, (retty, charming, good, fine&

borceguf, Om&O, buskin&

bordar, to border, embroider&

borde, Om&O, edge, border, brink, bank&

bordNn, Om&O, staff&

borracho, )a, drunk, intoicated&



borrar, to efface, eraseS Orefl&O, to be effaced @OorO blotted outD&

borrascoso, )a, stormy, angry&

bosque, Om&O, grove, forest, ood&

bosquecillo, Om&O, co((ice&

bosquejar, to sketch, (aint&

bote, Om&O, boundS boatS canisterS bo, toilet bo, estar de )) en )),to be cram fullS to be com(letely filled&

botella, Of&O, bottle&

Botero& 7ee caldera&

botWn, Om&O, booty&

botNn, Om&O, button, bud&

bNveda, Of&O, arch, vault&

bramar, to roar&

bramido, Om&O, bello, belloing, bellingS callingS clamor, noise,blast&

\bravoQ bravoQ

braIo, Om&O, arm&

brecha, Of&O, breach&

breUa, Of&O, bramble, brambles, thicket&

breve, short, briefS en)s (alabras, in a fe ords&

brevWsimo, )a, Oabs&O sa((er, of breve, very @OorO mostD brief&

brial, Om&O, skirt, rich silken skirt&

brida, Of&O, bridle&

brigada, Of&O, brigadeS general de )), brigadier)general&

brillante, brilliant, bright, radiant, clear&

brillar, to shine, gleam&

brillo, Om&O, gleam, glitter, light, brilliancy, brightness&

brinco, Om&O, lea(, boundS dar un )), to lea(, bound, jum(&

brindar, to offerS to toast, drink a toast&

brindis, Om&O, toast&



brisa, Of&O, breeIe&

brocade, Om&O, brocade&

broma, Of&O, rubbishS jest, jokeS echar )), to take @OorO considerDas a joke @OorO jestD&

bromear, to jest, joke, banter&

bronce, Om&O, bronIe&

broquel, Om&O, shield, buckler&

brotar, to budS to gush, issue, flo, burst forth, gush out&

bruja, Of&O, itch&

brujeria, Of&O, itchcraft&

bruma, Of&O, mist, fog&

bruUido, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO bruUir, burnished, (olished&

bruto, Om&O, brute, beastS clonish @OorO ignorantD fello&

buen& 7ee bueuo&

bueno, )a, good, kind, ell, fineS una buena, a good oneS a armrece(tionS "oche Buena, :hristmas eveS mass of :hristmas eveS ))sevaugelios, some holy sayingsS some of the holy 7cri(turesS de buentono, fashionableS Osubst&O Om&O, good man, :hristian&

buffet, Om&O, @O8renchOD buffet, refreshment table&

bufido, OmOD&, snort&

bufNn, Om&O, buffoon&

buho, Om&O, ol&

bulto, Om&O, bust, figure, form&

bulla, Of&O, noise&

bullicio, Om&O, bustle, noise, ecitement&

bullicioso, )a, lively, restless, noisy, boisterous&

burla, Of&O, joke, jest, jesting, scoffing, trickS hacer )), to (lay ajoke @OorO trickD&

burlado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO burlar, cheated, deceived, mocked, mades(ort of, destroyed&

burlarse, to jest, mock, laugh at, make s(ort of&



burlNn, jesting, joking, scoffing, mocking&

busca, Of&O, searchS echar en )), to go @OorO set offD in searchSvamos en su )), let us look for her, let us go to her&

buscar, to seek, look for&

busilis, Om&O, mystery&

:

cabal, just, eact, quite&

cabalgadura, Of&O, beast @of burdenD, steed, mount&

cabalgar, to rideS to (arade on horseback&

cabalgata, Of&O, cavalcade&

caballerWa, Of&O, horse, mount, saddlehorse, chivalryS O(l&O,chivalrous deeds&

caballero, Om&O, knight, gentleman, lord, sir&

cabecear, to nodS to shake @OorO tossD the head&

cabecera, Of&O, head, head)(iece, to( @of the crossD&

cabellera, Of&O, hair&

cabello, Om&O, hairS O(l&O, hair&

caber, to be containedS to find roomS to beS no cabWa duda, there asno doubt&

cabeIa, Of&O, head, head of hair&

cabeIo, Om&O, summit, (eak&

cabo, Om&O, endS al )), finallyS llevar )), to carry outS toeecuteS to terminate successfully&

cacerWa, Of&O, hunting e(edition, hunting (arty&

cada, each, everyS )) uno, each oneS )) veI, each timeS ever,

continually&

cadver, Om&O, cor(se, cadaver&

cadena, Of&O, chain&

cadencia, Of&O, measure, beat, strain, cadence, cadenIa&

caer, to fallS to strike @against something in fallingDS )) (edaIos,to fall to (ieces&



caWda, Of&O, fall&

calaboIo, Om&O, dungeon, cell&

calado, )a, of o(enorkS of fretorkS O((& ofO calar, @of the hatD(ulled don, (ressed don @over the eyesD&

calamidad, Of&O, calamity&

calar, to (ull don, (ress don&

:alavera, Of&O, skullS el :risto de la )), :hrist of the skull, thecrucifi ith a skull @carvedD at the feet of :hrist&

calcreo, )a, calcareous&

calcinar, to burn, reduce to ashes&

clculo, Om&O, estimate, calculation, e(ectation, com(utation&

caldera, Of&O, caldron, kettleS en las ))s de Pero Botero, @Ocoll&ODin the devil?s boilerS in hell&

calentar, to arm&

calibre, Om&O, caliber, sort, kind&

calidad, Of&O, quality&

caliente, hot, fiery&

calificarse, to qualify, be designated @OorO describedD&

caliginoso, )a, dim, dark, obscure, murky, dense&

cliI, Om&O, caly&

calma, Of&O, calm, com(osure, calmness, tranquillity, silenceS con )),calmly, ith com(osure&

calmar, to calm, a((ease&

caluroso, )a, heated, hot&

calIado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO calIar, shod, ith hair groing loS frentecalIada, lo forehead&

calIas, Of&O O(l&O, breeches, trousers&

callado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO callar, silent&

callar, to be silentS \calleQ hushQ silenceQ

calle, Of&O, street&

\calleQ 7ee callar& callejNn, Om&O, lane, alley, narro street&



cama, Of&O, bedS caer en )), to fall sick&

cmara, Of&O, chamber, bedroom&

camarada, Om&O, comrade, com(anion&

cambiante, Om&O, iridescenceS iridescent gleam, glint&

cambiar, to change, echange&

cambrNn, Om&O, bramble&

caminante, Om&O, traveler&

caminar, to go, alk, alk along&

camino, Om&O, ay, road, journey, march, courseS )) atras, backS don@OorO u(D the road&

cam(ana, Of&O, bell, church bell&

cam(anada, Of&O, stroke&

cam(anario, Om&O, belfry, bell)toerS )) de es(adaUa, single)alledbell)toerS belfry @of a single all ith o(enings for the bellsD&

cam(anero, Om&O, bellman&

cam(anilla, Of&O, small bell, hand)bell, bellS morning)glory&

cam(aUa, Of&O, cam(aign&

cam(iUa, Of&O, field, (lain&

cam(o, Om&O, field, cam(&

canciNn, Of&O, song&

candelabro, Om&O, candlestick, chandelier&

candelilla, Of&O, small candle&

candente, incandescent, red)hot&

cndido, hite, snoy&

cangilNn, Om&O, bucket @or cu( of an endless chain used in draingaterD& O7eeO noria&

cano, )a, hoary, gray&

canNnigo, Om&O, canon, (rebendary&

cansado, )a, Oadj& ((&O of cansar, tired, earied, eary&



cansarse, to bore oneself, be bored, be tired&

cantar, to sing, hum, buIIS )) entre dientes, to hum @a songD&

cantar, Om&O, song&

cntaro, Om&O, (itcher, ater)(itcher&

cantaIo, Om&O, stone, blo ith a stone&

cantera, Of&O, quarry&

cantidad, Of&O, quantity, sum&

cntiga, Of&O, song, metrical romance&

canto, Om&O, song, hymn, chant, canticle, canto&

cantueso, Om&O, lavender, 8rench lavender, s(ike&

caUada, Of&O, glen, dale, glade&

caUo, Om&O, stream, jet&

caUuto, Om&O, flutingS gorguera de ))s, fluted raff&

ca(a, Of&O, cloak, mantle&

ca(aI, ca(able, able&

ca(elln, Om&O, cha(lain&

ca(eruIa, Of&O, (ointed ca(, (ointed hood, hood&

ca(illa, Of&O, cha(elS maestro de )), choir)master, one ho com(osesand directs church musicS )) mayor, main cha(el @containing the (ul(itand high altar, and in most 7(anish churches o((osite the OcoroO andse(arated from the transe(t by a railingD&

ca(itn, Om&O, ca(tain&

ca(itel, Om&O, ca(ital&

ca(Wtulo, Om&O, cha(ter, council, court&

ca(ote, Om&O, cloak, coat, greatcoat&

ca(otillo, Om&O, mantelet, short cloak&

ca(otNn, Om&O, large cloak, greatcoat&

ca(richo, Om&O, ca(rice, him, fancyS )), aimlessly&

ca(richosamente, ca(riciously, fancifully&

ca(richoso, )a, ca(ricious&



ca(uchino, Om&O, :a(uchin monk

cara, Of&O, face, countenance, e(ression, head&

caracolear, to caracoleS caracoleando en sus corceles, on their(rancing steeds&

carcter, Om&O, character, dis(osition&

caracteriIar, to characteriIe, describe&

carbNn, Om&O, charcoalS coal&

carcajada, Of&O, laugh, burst of laughter&

crcel, Of&O, (rison, jail&

carcomer, to corrode&

crdeno, )a, violet, livid&

cargo, Om&O, charge, officeS hacer )) de, to eamine, ins(ect&

caricia, Of&O, caress&

caridad, Of&O, charityS un bien de ), a good turn, a benevolent favor&

cariiio, Om&O, love, affection, tenderness&

:arlos, Om&O, :harles&

carne, Of&O, meat, fleshS O(l&O, fleshS de)y hueso, of flesh andblood&

caro, )a, dearS Oadv&O, dearly&

carraca, Of&O, rattle, an instrument used instead of bells the lastthree days of 9oly $eek&

carrasca, Of&O, (in)oak, sam()oak&

carrascal, Om&O, (lantation of (in)oaksS clum( of (in)oaks&

carrera, Of&O, race, course, s(eed&

carro, Om&O, car, chariot&

carta, Of&O, letter, cardS tomar))en el asunto, to take a hand in thematterS cartas leyes, summons&

casa, Of&O, houseS ))de :onsejos @OorO )):onsistorialD, ton hall,city hall&

casaca, Of&O, coat&

:asca, Of&O, @O7(an&OD :asca&



cascada, Of&O, cascade&

casco, Om&O, helmetS hoofS outside @of anythingDS))s de las bote)llasvacias, em(ty bottles&

caserfo, Om&O, houses, ro of housesS village, small ton&

caserNn, Om&O, edifice, delling, large house&

casi, almost, very nearly&

casita, Of&O, small house, cottage&

caso, Om&O, case, event, circumstance, effect, fact, matter, affairSes el )), the fact isS hacer))de, to (ay attention toS to care aboutSto consider im(ortant&

castellano, )a, :astilian, of @OorO (ertaining toD :astile&

castigar, to (unish, chastise&

castigo, Om&O, chastisement, (unishment&

castillo, Om&O, castle&

casto, )a, chaste, (ure&

casualidad, Of&O, chance&

casualmente, casually, by chance&

casulla, Of&O, chasuble&

cata& 7ee catar&

catar, to see, consider, noticeS ctale aqui que asoma, hyQ @OorOloQD here it @OorO heD comes& 7ee ruin&

catstrofe, Of&O, catastro(he&

catedral, Of&O, cathedral&

catorce, fourteen&

cauce, Om&O, drain, bed, stream, rivulet&

causa, Of&O, cause&

causar, to cause&

caverna, Of&O, cave, cavern&

cavidad, Of&O, cavity, hollo&

cavilaciNn, Of&O, (ondering, orrying, (reoccu(ation&

caIa, Of&O, chase, huntS andar )) de, to go in (ursuit ofS to go



hunting @OorO seekingDS salir de )), to go hunting&

caIador, Om&O, hunter, huntsmanS ))es furtivos, (oachers&

caIar, to hunt&

ceder, to yield, submit&

cegar, to blind, make blindS to fill u(, obstruct&

ceja, Of&O, eyebro&

cejar, to rela&

celda, Of&O, cell&

celebrado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO celebrar, celebrated, famous&

celebrante, Om&O, officiating (riest&

celebrar, to celebrateS Orefl&O, to be celebrated&

celeste, celestial, heavenly&

celo, Om&O, Ieal, ardor, devotionS O(l&O, jealousy&

celoso, )a, jealousS tener )), to make jealous&

cena, Of&O, su((er&

cenagoso, )a, muddy, miry&

cencerrada, Of&O, charivari&

cendal, Om&O, cra(e, gauIe&

ceniIas, Of&O O(l&O, ashes&

cenobita, Om&O, cenobite&

centella, Of&O, lightning, lightning flash @OorO boltD, thunderbolt&

centsimo, )a, hundredth&

centinela, Om&O, sentry, sentinel&

cerca, near, near at handS )) de, nearS tan de )), so closelyS muy de

)), very closely, very ell&

cercano, )a, near, close, net, neighboring&

cercar, to surround&

cerciorarse, to assure oneselfS to ascertain&

cerco, Om&O, circle&



cerebro, Om&O, brain&

ceremonia, Of&O, ceremony, service&

cernerse, to soarS to flitS to hover&

cerrar, to close, shutS la noche habia cerrado, night had come @OorO

fallenDS night had closed in @around himDS Osubst&O, shuttingS en unabrir y )) de ojos, in the tinkling of an eyeS in an instantSOrefl&O, to close, shut&

cerrojo, Om&O, bolt&

cesar, to cease, sto(, endS ir cesando, to cease, die outS sin )),incessantly, continually&

cs(ed, Om&O, grass, sod, grass)(lot, turfS O(l&O, grasses&

cicerone, Om&O, guide, cicerone&

ciego, )a, blind, blinded&

cielo, Om&O, sky, heaven&

cien& 7ee ciento&

ciencia, Of&O, science, art, knoledge&

cieno, Om&O, mire, filth&

ciento, hundred&

ciertamente, certainly, indeed&

cierto, )a, certain&

ciervo, Om&O, deer, stag&

cierIo, Om&O, north ind&

cifra, Of&O, ci(herS ritten characterS riting&

cima, Of&O, summit, to(S (or )) de, overS above the to(s of&

cimera, Of&O, crest&

cimiento, Om&O, foundation&

cincelado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO cincelar, carved, engraved, embossed&

cinco, five&

cinta, Of&O, ribbon, band, girdleS estar en )), to be (regnantS tohave conceived&

cintaraIo, Om&O, knock, thum(, blo, sla( @ith something flatD&



circular, to circulate, flo&

cWrculo, Om&O, circle&

circuns(ecciNn, Of&O, circums(ection, dignity&

circunstanciado, )a, circumstantial, minute, detailed&

circunstantes, Om& (l&OS bystanders, listeners, hearers, (ersons(resent&

cirio, Om&O, @largeD a candle @by ta(erD&

cisne, Om&O, san&

cita, Of&O, a((ointment, rendeIvous, tryst&

citar, to make an a((ointment @ithD, to give a rendeIvous @toD&

ciudad, Of&O, city&

clamor, Om&O, clamor, noise&

clamoreo, Om&O, clamor, noise&

clarear, to gro lightS to dan&

claridad, Of&O, light, shine&

clarWn, Om&O, trum(et&

clarWsimo, )a, illustrious&

claro, )a, clearS Oadv&O, clearly&

clase, Of&O, class, kind&

claustro, Om&O, cloister, (iaIIa, gallery&

clavado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO clavar, fied, brim& fastened, rooted,nailed&

clavar, to fi, fasten, nailS Orefl&O, to be fiedS to fi itselfS tostick, strike&

clave, Of&O, keystone&

clavo, Om&O, nailS (oint&

clero, Om&O, clergy&

cobarde, coard, coardly&

cobertiIo, Om&O, small (rojecting roofS shed&

cocodrilo, Om&O, crocodile&



codaIo, OmO, thrust ith the elbo&

codiciado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO codiciar, coveted&

codicioso, )a, greedy, covetous&

codo, Om&O, elbo&

coger, to catch, take u(, (ick u(, (luck, collect, seiIeS cogerse, tobe caughtS to be tram(led @OorO crushedD&

coincidencia, Of&O, coincidence&

cojWn, Om&O, cushion&

cola, Of&O, tail&

colaciNn, Of&O, lunch&

colegio, Om&O, college, school&

colegir, to gather, collect, deduce, infer

cNlera, Of&O, anger, fury, (assion, rage, rath

colrico, )a, angry, choleric, irascible, (assionate&

coleto, Om&O, doublet bodyS inside @OorO bodyD of a manS echarse@algoD al )), to sallo @at a gul(D&

colgado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO colgar, sus(ended, hung, hanging&

colgar, to hang, sus(endS to hang from, be sus(ended&

colina, Of&O, hill&

colmar, to hea( u(, fill to the brim&

colmo, Om&O, clima&

colocar, to (lace, set u(S ))se en actitud de defensa, to fall onguard&

color, Om&O, color, coloring, hue, com(leion, shadingsS de ))@esD,colored, stainedS )) de (lomo, leaden, lead)coloredS )) de rosa,rose)colored&

colorado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO colorar, colored, dyed, ruddy, florid,redS sorrel&

colorearse, to redden, become red&

colorWn, Om&O, shoy @OorO vividD color&

colosal, colossal, enormous&

columbrar, to discern, es(y&



columna, Of&O, column, body of soldiersS )) volante, flying column&

columnilla, Of&O, little columnS )) salomNnica, little tisted column&

colum(iarse, to sing&

comadre, Of&O, a gossi(&

comarca, Of&O, district, border, country&

comarcano, )a, neighboring, of @OorO (ertaining toD the neighborhood&

combate, Om&O, combat, duel&

combatiente, Om&O, combatant&

combatir, to fight, beat, strike, attack&

combinaciNn, Of&O, combination&

comedimiento, Om&O, courtesy, civility, (oliteness&

comentar, to comment u(on, discuss&

comentario, Om&O, commentary, remark&

comenIar, to beginS Oreft&O, to begin, commence&

comer, to eatS que se ha de )) la tierra, hich the earth shall @onedayD sallo u(&

cometa, Om&O, comet&

cNmico, )a, comical&

comitiva, OfO,& (rocession, cortge, retinue, com(any, suite, escort&

como, as, like, as if, as it ere, as though, so to s(eak, a((arently,if, if only, (rovided that, as soon asS )) de, at @OorO ofD aboutSaboutS distancia de, something like a distance ofS at about thedistance ofS distant aboutS asW )), as ell asS as alsoS asW &&& )),both &&& andS )) no sea, unless it beS ece(tS )) (ara, as if toS ))que, asS )) as ifS inasmuch asS it as as ifS he as as it ereS ))quiera que, althoughS notithstanding the fact thatS tanto )), as muchasS tal )), just asS tan )), as&& asS tan (ronto &&& )) &&&, no &&&no &&&S \)) ha?de serQ that?s the ay of the orldQ hat can you

e(ectR hat is to be e(ectedR )) (udo, as best he couldS )) lasgasta, ho he acts&

cNmoR hoR hyR

com(acto, )a, com(act, dense&

com(aUera, Of&O, com(anion, mate&

com(anero, Om&O, com(anion, comrade, associate&



com(arable, com(arable&

com(araciNn, Of&O, com(arison&

com(arar, to com(are&

com(arecer, to a((ear&

com(s, Om&O, measure, time, accom(animent, rhythm, beat&

com(asado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO com(asar, measured, regular&

com(asiNn, Of&O, com(assion, (ity&

com(eudioso, )a, laconic&

com(lacerse, to take (leasure @en, inD&

com(letamente, com(letely&

com(letar, to com(lete&

com(letoS )a, com(leteS (or )), com(letely&

com(oner, to com(ose, re(air, kee( in re(airS Orefl&O, to be com(osedSto consist&

com(rar, to buy&

com(render, to understand, com(rehendS hacerse )), to make oneselfunderstood&

com(rimir, to restrain, com(ress, su((ress&

com(rometerse, to com(romise oneself, risk one?s re(utation, layoneself o(en to criticism&

comunicar, to communicateS Orefl&O, to communicate&

comunidad, Of&O, community, orderS en )), by ourselvesS ith only themembers of the order (resent&

con, ith, along ith, by, amongS (ara )), amongstS )) que, therefore,herefore, so thenS )) vida, alive&



concebir, to conceive&

concejo, Om&O, council&

conce(to, Om&O, conceit, thought, fancy&

concertar, to hold @secretD councilS to (lan, concert&

conciencia, Of&O, conscience, consciousness&

concierto, Om&O, concert, arrangement, method&

concilibulo, Om&O, conventicle, secret council&

concluido, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO concluir, concludedS after&

concluir, to conclude, end, finish, com(lete, infer&

concurrente, Om&O, (erson (resentS bystander, s(ectatorS O(l&O,assembly, congregation, audience&

concha, Of&O, shell&

condado, Om&O, earldom, county&

conde, Om&O, earl, count&

condenaciNn, Of&OS condemnation, damnation&

condenar, to condemn, damn&

condesa, Of&O, countess&

condiciNn, Of&O, condition, circumstance&

conducir, to lead, conduct, convey, bear, bring in&

conducta, Of&O, conduct, leadershi(, guidance&

confesar, to confess, acknoledge&

confesiNn, Of&O, confession&

confesor, Om&O, confessor, a (riest authoriIed to hear confession ofsins and to grant absolution&

confirmar, to confirm&

conforme, agreeable toS according to&

conformidad, Of&O, agreementS state, condition&

confundir, to confuse, confound, mingle, uniteS Orefl&O, to lose form



@OorO substanceDS to blend, be confused @confounded or mingledDS tomingle, intermingle, vanish, be lost, be lost to sight @en, inD&

confusamente, confusedly&

confusiNn, Of&O, confusion, com(lication&

confuso, )a, Oadj& ((& @irr&D ofO confundir, confused, (er(leed,indistinct&

congregar, to assemble&

conjunto, Om&O, ensemble, collection, combination&

conjurar, to conjure, beseech&

conjuro, Om&O, incantation, enchantment&

conmigo, ith me&

conmociNn, Of&O, commotion&

conmover, to move, affect&

conmovido, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO conmover, affected, moved, in @OorO ithDemotion&

conocer, to kno, recogniIe, realiIe, be acquainted ith&

conquistar, to conquer&

consagraciNn, Of&O, consecration&

consagrar, to consecrate&

conseguir, to succeed, obtain&

conseja, Of&O, fable, story&

consejo, Om&O, council, adviceS :asa de ))s, ton hall, city hall&

consentir, to agree @OorO consentD to&

conservar, to kee(, guard&

consigo, ith himself, ith herself, ith itself, ith oneself, iththemselves&

consiguiente, Om&O, consequenceS (or )), consequently, therefore,hence&

consistencia, Of&O, consistency, coherence&

consistir, to consist, lieS no s en qu consista, ! do not kno hy&

consistorial& 7ee casa&



constante, constant&

:onstanIa, Of&O, :onstance&

constelaciNn, Of&O, constellation&

consternado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO consternar, dismayed, in consternation&

construcciNn, Of&O, fortification&

consuelo, Om&O, comfort, consolation&

consultar, to consult, ask, advise, consult about, ask advice about&

consumir, to consume, eat, cost&

consunciNn, Of&O, consum(tion&

contacto, Om&O, contact, touch&

contar, to count, recount, relate, tellS )) con, to count @OorO relyDu(on&

contem(laciNn, Of&O, contem(lation&

contem(lar, to contem(late&

contener, to contain, hold, re(ress, restrain&

contenido, Om&O, contents&

contentamiento, Om&O, satisfaction, (leasure&

contestatiNn, Of&O, re(ly&

contestar, to re(ly&

continuamente, continually&

continuar, to continue&

continuo, )a, continualS de )), continuallyS acto )), straightay,immediately, immediately afterard&

contorno, Om&O, form, aist, trunk, torsoS circuit, radiusS veintejornados al )), ithin a radius of tenty days? journey&

contorsiNn, Of&O, contortionS hacer una )), to bend one?s bodyS torithe&

contra, against, contrary toS en )) mWa, against myselfS against myinterests&

contraer, to contract&

contraWdo, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO contraer, contracted, rigid&



contra(osiciNn, Of&O, contrast&

contrario, Om&O, contrary, reverse, o((osite, o((onent, adversaryS al)), on the contraryS (or el )), on the contrary&

contraste, O m&O, contrast&

contribuir, to contribute, serve&

convecino, OmO, neighbor&

convencer, to convince&

conveniencia, Of&O, advantage, utility, e(ediency&

convenir, to agree, come to an agreement, acknoledge&

convento, Om&O, convent, cloister, monastery&

conversaciNn, Of&O, conversation&

convertir, to change, convert, metamor(hose&

convidado, Om&O, guest&

convito, O=&O, feast, banquet&

convulsiNn, Of&O, convulsion&

convulsivamente, convulsively&

convulsivo, )a, convulsive, rigid, convulsed, trembling, shaking&

coordinar, to collect, arrange&

co(a, Of&O, cu(, goblet, drinking cu(S summit, crest, cron&

co(ia, Of&O, co(y&

co(iar, to co(y, re(roduce&

co(la, Of&O, cou(letS O(l&O, verses&

co(udo, )a, co((ed, crested&

coral, Om&O, coral&

coraINn, Om&O, heartS hacerse de tri(as)), to (luck u( courage&

corcel, Om&O, steed, charger&

cordero, Om&O, lamb&

cornisa, Of&O, cornice&

coro, Om&O, choir, chorus&



corona, Of&O, cron&

coronar, to cron, adorn, deck&

cor(oraciNn, Of&O, bodyS en)), in a body&

cor(ulento, )a, large, bulky&

corregidor,Om&O, corregidor, a 7(anish magistrateS a mayor of a ton&

correo, Om&O, messenger, courierS))de gabinete, state messenger,king?s messenger&

correr, to run, move, be current, floS todo @elD)), at full s(eed&

correrWa, Of&O, incursion, raid&

corres(onder, to corres(ond&

corriente, usual, currentS Osubst& m&O, current, courseS al )) de,

conversant @or acquaintedD ithS muy al )), ell informedS Osubst&f&O, current @of streamsD&

corrillo, Om&O, circle, gathering, knot, grou(&

corro, Om&O, circle, grou(&

cortado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO cortar, cut, interru(ted, abashed,confoundedS )) (ico, (er(endicular, (reci(itous&

cortadura, Of&O, gorge, ravine&

cortar, to cut, cut off, interce(t, interru(tS terreno, to make ashort cutS to shorten the ay @OorO distanceD&

corte, Of&O, courtS de)), trenchant, shar()edged&

cortejar, to court, in the affection of&

cortejo, Om&O, (rocession, cortege&

corts, courteous, (olite&

cortesano, )a, courtly&

cortina, Of,O, curtain&

corto, )a, short&

corIa, Of&O, roe, doe&

cosa, Of&O, thing, matter, matter of im(ortance, factS )) de, aboutSdesde habia )) de, for a matter ofS for aboutS gran )), much, a greatdealS )) hecha, settled, decidedS )) im(osible, im(ossibleS la )) noera (ara menos, nothing less could be e(ectedS (ublica, ell)knon,notoriousS qu )), hatS ser )) de, to be sufficient cause toS to beenough toS no ser ))* not to be small @OorO fe in numberD, to be



large @OorO numerousD&

cosecha, Of&O, (roductionS de mi )), of my on invention&

coser, to se, se u(&

cosquilla, Of&O, ticklish (oint, eak (oint&

costa, Of&O, cost, (riceS )), at the cost&

costado, Om&O, side&

costar, to cost&

costear, to skirt&

costumbre, Of&O, custom, habitS de )) , customary, usual@lyDS tener de)), to be accustomedS to be one?s custom&

cota, Of&O, coat of mail&

coyuntura, Of&O, occasion, o((ortunity&

craneo, Om&O, cranium&

creaciNn, Of&O, creation&

crecer, to gro, increase&

creciendo, increasing, groing, selling&

creciente, increasing, groing&

crdito, Om&O, credit, beliefS dar )) , to believe&

credulidad, Of&O, credulity&

creencia, Of&O, belief&

creer, to believe, fancy, think&

cre(_sculo, Om&O, tilight&

cresta, Of&O, crest, cresting, (eak&

criado, Om&O, servant&

:riador, Om&O, :reator&

criatura, Of&O, creature, being, omanS babe, baby, infant&

crimen, Om&O, crime&

criminal, criminal&

crin, Of&O, maneS O(l&,O mane&



cris(ado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO cris(ar, agitated, convulsed, clinched,trembling, nervous, convulsive&

cris(ar, to shrivelS to cause to cree(&

cristal, Om&O, crystal, glass, indoS de )), crystalline, clear,(ure&

cristiano, Om&O, :hristian&

:risto, Om&O, :hrist&

critica, Of&O, criticism&

crNnica, Of&O, chronicle&

cronista, Om&O, chronicler, narrator&

crucera, Om&O, crossing, the (lace of crossing of nave and transe(t,in some churches the choir&

crudo, )a, rude, coarse, (itiless, ruthless&

cruel, cruel&

crueldad, Of&O, cruelty&

crujir, to crackle, clash, rustle, crack, clang&

cruI, Of&O, cross&

cruIado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO cruIar, inter(osed, intervening&

cruIar, to cross, (ass by, (ass, clas(, join&

cuadra, Of&O, hallS stableS O(l&O, quarters&

cuadro, Om&O, (icture, (ainting&

cuajar, to coat overS @OhereOD to begem&

cual, hichS such, as, such asS el )), la)), lo)), ho, hichS (orlo)), hereforeS cada )), each @OorO everyD oneS )) si, as ifS tal )),such asS todas )) ms bellas, vying ith one another in lovelinessSeach one more lovely than the other&

cul, hat, hich, hich oneS )) &,& )), one&&&one&

cualR hatR hichR

cualidad, Of&O, qualityS O(l&O, dis(osition&

cualquier& 7ee cualquiera&

cualquiera, anybody, hatever, hoever, any&& hatever, one, someS ))otro, any one elseS )) otra cosa, anything elseS )) que, hoever&



cuando, henS aun )), althoughS hasta )), ho longS de yeI en )), fromtime to timeS every no and thenS at intervalsS de )) en )), from timeto time&

cundoR henR

cuanto, ho much, as much, as much as, hatever, as many as, that

hich, hat&

cuanto, Oadv&O, as much asS en )), as soon as, henS en )) , as to,as for, as regardsS )) quedare(etido, as has been said&

cuntoR ho muchR hatR O(l&O, ho manyR

cuarenta, forty&

cuarta, Of&O, fourth, quarter, fourth (art @of a OvaraOD,hand)breadthS hundir una )) de hierro, to bury the s(ursS to s(urdee(ly&

cuartel, Om&O, quarters&

cuartilla, Of&O, sheet&

cuarto, Om&O, quarter&

cuatro, four&

cubierto, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO cubrir, covered, overcast, cloakedSshrub)coveredS st& Om&O, coverS )), under shelter&

cubilete, Om&O, dice)bo&

cubrir, to cover, cloak&

cuchillo, Om&O, knifeS )) de monte, hunting)knife, hunter?s cutlass&

cuello, Om&O, neck&

cuenca, Of&O, valley, dee( valley surrounded by mountains&

cuenta, Of&O, account, reckoning, calculation, e(lanationS tener en)), to take into accountS to consider, darse )) de, to realiIe&

cuento, Om&O, story, fiction, tale, fableS de nunca acabar,never)ending story&

cuerda, Of&O, cord, string, ro(e&

cuer(o, Om&O, body, cor(seS story, floor, section @of a building u( tothe corniceD&

cuesta, Of&O, hill, slo(e&

cuestiNn, Of&O, question, matter&

cuidado, Om&O, care, oryS O(l&O, care, attentionsS \ )) Q mindQ



noticeQ )) con @OorO queD, mind, sto(, beare, look out, noticeS nohaya )), don?t orryS never mindS a((rehension @OorO careD&

cuidar, to take care, look after, care for, care, (ay attention,notice&

cuja, Of&O, socket, lance)bucket&

culebra, Of&O, snake&

cul(a, Of&O, fault, crime, blame, sin, guilt&

culto, Om&O, orshi(&

cumbre, Of&O, summit, mountain ridge&

cum(lido, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO cum(lir, (olished, accom(lished,faultless&

cum(lir, to (erform, fulfill, discharge accom(lish&

cuna, Of&O, cradleS iguales en )), equals in (oint of birth&

cundir, to s(read&

cu(ula, Of&O, cu(ola, dome&

cura, Om&O, curate, (riest, rector&

curiosidad, Of&O, curiosity&

curioso, )a, curious, inquisitive&

curso, Om&O, course&

curva, Of&O, curve, inding&

c_s(ide, Of&O, (oint, summit, (eak&

cuyo, )a, hose&

c_yoR hoseR

:h

:ham(agne, Om&O, cham(agne&

chanIoneta, Of&O, jest, joke, nonsense&

cha(ar @enD, to (late @ithDS to cover @ithD&

cha(Wn, Om&O, clog, (atten, cho(ine&

charla, Of&O, gossi(, chat&



charlar, to gossi(, chat&

chasquido, Of&O, crackling, lashing, dashing, cracking, creaking,rustling&

chico, )a, smallS Osubst& m& or f&O, little oneS child&

chirrido, Om&O, grating, rubbing, friction rattle, sound, squeak,sish, ras(ing&

chis(a, Of&O, s(ark&

chis(eante, s(arkling, daIIling&

chis(ear, to s(arkle&

chis(orrotear, to crackle&

chis(orroteo, Om&O, hissing, crackling&

chiste, Om&O, joke, jest&

chocar, to clang, rattle, clatter, strike, knock&

cho(era, Of&O, forest @OorO groveD of black (o(lars&

cho(o, Om&O, black (o(lar&

choque, Om&O, shock, clang&

choIa, Of&O, hut, hovel&

dado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO dar, given, grantedS considering, in vie of&

dado, Om&O, die, cubeS O(l&O, dice&

daga, Of&O, dagger&

\daleQ the deuceQ comeQ againQ el )) que le das, the (ersistentefforts&

dama, Of&O, lady&

danIar, to dance&

daUo, Om&O, harm, injury&

dar, to giveS )) crdito , to believeS )) de firme, to beat firmly@OorO lustilyDS )) en, to rush @OorO fallD headlong intoS )) en laflor, to take into one?s headS to fall into the habitS )) fin, to die,(erishS ))le los fuelles, to (um( the bellosS )) lugar, to giveriseS )) gusto, to gratifyS )) de (alos, to beat, give a beatingS tocudgelS )) un (aso, to take a ste(S )) (or, to consider, regard @asDS



)) (rinci(io, to beginS )) que hacer, to give troubleS )) que reir@conD, to ridicule, make s(ort @ofD, make a laughing stock @ofDS ))raIon de, to give an account ofS to inform regardingS )) alguno enel rostro con, to cast in one?s faceS )) (or seguro, to assert,assureS )) susto, to frightenS tanto os da de, you think as highly ofS)) tumbos, to tumbleS to hirl head over heelsS )) vista , to comeinto vie ofS )) una gran voI, to call out loudlyS )) una vuelta, to

take a turn, take a alkS )) vueltas, to turn, hirl, revolveS el daleque le das, the (ersistent effortsS como ios me daba emender, tothe best of my abilityS )) se cuenta de, to realiIeS )) se de ojo, tocons(ire, have a secret understanding&

de, of, to, from, at, ith, by, in, on, as, thanS el bruto Esteban,that clonish fello 7te(henS )) im(roviso, une(ectedly, suddenlyS ))modo que, so thatS )) nuevo, againS aneS )) (or si, by himselfS ))(risa, ra(idlyS )) (ronto, suddenly, abru(tlyS )) re(ente, suddenlyS))seguro, assuredlyS )) no ser, if notS )) sobra, over and aboveS ))tarde en tarde, seldomS )) un todo, once for allS del todo, holly,quite&

debajo, underneath, beloS (or )) de, beneath, belo, under&

deber, to oe, be @destinedD to, must, ought&

dbil, eak, feeble, faint&

debilisimo, )a, Oabs& su(er, ofO dbil, very eak @feeble OorO faintD&

debilitarse, to be @or becomeD eak @faint, dim, or softD&

dbilmente, faintly, softly&

decidir, to decide, determineS Orefl&O, to decide, determine&

decir, to say, tell, s(eakS se dice, it is saidS dicen, they say,(eo(le sayS al )) de, according toS es )), that isS (or ))lo asW, soto s(eakS (or mejor )), in other ords, ratherS no os le dijeR didn?t! tell you soR no se ha de )), it cannot be saidS o mejor dicho, orratherS querer )), to mean&

decisiNn, Of&O, decision&

dedicar, to dedicate, consecrate&

dedo, Om&O, fingerS dos ))s de luI, a thin streak of light&

defender, to defend, guard, (rotect, shield&

defensa, Of&O, defense, guard&

deforme, deformed, formless, sha(eless, missha(en, hideous&

dejar, to leave, let, allo, cease, leave off, abandon, failS :omodejo dicho, as ! have saidS seg_n dejamos dicho, as e have saidS ))entrever, to sho slightlyS )) esca(ar, to utterS )) lugar, to give(laceS )) (aso, to let (ass, make ayS no )) titers con cabeIa, todestroy everything, (ut everything in disorderS )) se ver, to a((ear,



sho oneselfS )) la vida, to dieS djase de decir, fails to be said,is not said, is left unsaidS )) se sentir, to make itself felt&

del de el&

delante, beforeS )) de, before, in front of, in @theD (resence of&

delgado, )a, thin, slender, delicate, fleible, gaunt&

deliberar, to deliberate&

delicado, )a, delicate, light&

delicioso, )a, delicious, equisite, delightful&

delincuente, Om&O, delinquent&

delirio, Om&O, delirium, madness&

delito, Om&O, crime&

demacraciNn,Of&O, emaciation&

demandadera, Of&O, convent servant, oman ho attends at the door of aconvent to run errands&

dems, further, besidesS los )), the others, the restS (or lo )), forthe rest, moreover, besides&

demente, madS Oadv&O, madly&

demonio, Om&O, demon, devil&

demostrar, to sho, manifest, demonstrate, evince&

dentellado, )a, dentated, dentate&

dentro, ithinS )) de, ithin, inside of, in&

de(arar, to offer, (rovide&

de(artir, to s(eak, converse, chat, talk, de(endiente, Om&O,de(endent, servant&

de(ositar, to de(osit&

derecho, )a, rightS la derecha, at @OorO toD the rightS derechas,

straight, straight aheadS Osubst& m&O, right, claim, (rivilegeS feudalright @OorO (rivilegeDS Oadv&O, straight&

derramado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO derramar, scattered, ranging&

derramar, to shed, cast, (our, (lash, scatter, emit, (our outSOrefl&O, to fall, be scattered @cast OorO shedD&

derredor, Om&O, circumference, circuitS en )), aroundS en )) suyo,around him, about him&



derretir, to melt, dissolve&

derribir, to demolish, destroy, fell, thro, cast&

derruido, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO derruir, demolished, ruined, in ruins&

derrumbadero, Om&O, (reci(ice&

derrumbar, to fall ith a crash&

desacato, Om&O, disres(ect, insolence&

desafiar, to defy, challenge&

desafWo, Om&O, challenge, duel&

desaforado, )a, disorderly, discordant, loud&

desagradable, disagreeable&

desalmado, )a, soulless, inhuman&

desa(arecer, to disa((ear&

desarmar, to disarm, unload, discharge&

desarreglo, Om&O, disorder, confusion, derangement&

desarrollarse, to unfold, be disclosed @OorO develo(edD&

desasido, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO desasir, detached, divested @of the bodyD&

desasirse, to free @OorO etricateD oneself&

desastroso, )a, disastrous&

desatar, to untie, unleashS Orfl&O, to break loose&

desbandarse, to disband, scatter&

desbocado, )a, ild, unbridled, unrestrained&

descalIo, )a, barefoot&

descansar, to rest, re(ose, recover&

descargar, to unload, discharge, cast, direct&

descarnado, )a, fleshless, emaciated&

descender, to descend&

descifrar, to deci(her, unravel&

descom(onerse, to break u(, fall a(art&



descom(uesto, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO descom(oner, altered, changed, harshSa(art, in disorder&

desconfianIa, Of&O, distrust, sus(icion, diffidence, fear&

desconocido, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO desconocer, unknon, foreign, strange,unfamiliar&

descorrer, to dra @as a curtainD&

descorts, uncivil, discourteous, rude&

describir, to describe&

descubrimiento, Om&O, discovery&

descubrir, to lay bare, disclose, uncover, discoverS Orefl&O, touncover oneself, take off one?s hat @OorO helmetDS to a((ear, bevisible, be revealed&

descuidado, )a, careless&

descuido, Om&O, carelessnessS (or )), from carelessnessSinadvertentlyS con )), carelessly&

desde, from, since, after, to, even toS )) donde, from hereS )) que,sinceS )) lejos, from a distanceS )) luego, at once, straightay,thereu(on, immediately&

desdn, Om&O, disdain, scorn&

desdeUoso, )a, disdainful&

desear, to desire, long for, ish&

desechar, to e(el, drive aay, eclude, dis(el&

desembaraIarse de, to free oneself ofS to thro off&

desembocar, to terminate, o(en @en, intoD&

desemboIarse, to uncover one?s face, thro o(en one?s cloak&

desem(eUar, to drag @OorO thrustD overS to (erform, fulfill, fill&

desencadenado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO desencadenar, unchained, ild&

desencajado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO desencajar, disfigured, ith distortedfeatures* @ith eyesD unnaturally ide o(en, (rojecting, bulging,staring&

desengaUarse, to be undeceived, to undeceive oneself, not to deceiveoneself&

desenlace, Om&O, catastro(he, dnouement&

desenredarse, to etricate oneself&



desenvolverse, to unfold&

deseo, Om&O, desire&

deses(eraciNn, Of&O, des(eration, des(air&

deses(erado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO deses(erar, driven to des(air,des(erate, in des(airS Osubst& m&O, des(erate man, one in des(air&

deses(erante, maddening&

deses(erar, to drive to des(air&

desfiladero, Om&O, defile, (ass&

desfilar, to defile, (ass by, file (ast&

desgajar, to break @OorO lo(D off&

desgarrado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO desgarrar, rent, torn&

desgarrador, (iercing, heartrending&

desgarrar, to rend, tearS Orefl&O, to tear, be torn&

desgracia, Of&O, misfortuneS (or )), unfortunately&

deshacer, to destroyS to mutilateS Orefl&O, to dissolve, vanish, bedissolved&

desheredar, to disinherit&

desierto, )a, desertedS OsubstO Om&O, desert, aste&

designio, Om&O, design, (lan&

desigual, unequal, uneven, abru(t&

desistir, to desist, cease, abandon&

desligarse, to free oneself, get loose&

desliIarse, to glide, move sloly, sli( through, (ierce, go cautiously@OorO furtivelyD, slide, flo, fall&

deslumbrador, daIIling, brilliant&

desmantelado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO desmantelar, dismantled, dila(idated&

desmayado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO desmayar, de(ressed, dis(irited,droo(ing, (ale, an&

desmayar, to lose heart, be discouragedS Orefl&O, to faint, soon&

desmentir, to contradictS to deny&



desnudar, to stri(S to unsheatheS Orefl&O, to take off, stri( oneself&

desnudo, )a, bare, naked, stri((ed&

desorden, Om&O, disorder&

des(acio, at leisure, leisurely, sloly, deliberately&

des(acharse, to set out, make haste&

des(acho, Om&O, haste, dis(atch&

des(arecer, to disa((ear&

des(arramarse, to scatter&

des(avorido, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO des(avorir, terrified, in terror&

des(echo, Om&O, des(air&

des(edida, Of&O, fareell&

des(edir, to discharge, dis(atch, emitS to take leave @, ofDSOrefl&O, to take leave, de(art&

des(egar, to o(en&

des(eUadero, Om&O, (reci(ice&

des(eUar, to hurl, fling, hurl over a (reci(ice&

des(ertar, to arouse, aaken, aake, ake u(S to break @of dayDSOrefl&O, to aake, ake u(&

des(ierto, )a, Oadj& ((& @irr&D ofO des(ertar, aroused, aake&

des(legar, to unfold, uncoil, o(en, dis(layS Orefl&O, to dis(lay,unfold&

des(lomar, to fallS caer des(lomado, to fall in a hea(, fall flatSOrefl&O, to fall, fall flat @OorO in a hea(D&

des(ojar, to des(oil, stri(S Orefl&O, to stri( oneselfS to take off&

des(ojo, Om&O, s(oilS O(l&O, s(oils, remains, mortal remains&

des(reciar, to scorn, des(ise&

des(recio, Om&O, scorn, mockery&

des(renderse, to issue forth, be launched, be shedS to fallS to freeoneself, esca(e, de(art&

des(rendido, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO des(render, unfastenedS @of leavesDloosened from the stem @OorO frondDS broken, se(arated&

des(reocu(aciNn, Of&O, unconventionality, recklessness&



des(reocu(ado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO des(reocu(ar, un(rejudiced, liberal,unconventionalS reckless&

des(us, afterards, laterS since, thenS ))de, afterS ))que, after&

des(untar, to breakS al ))la maUana, at break of dayS at dan&

destacar, to detach, be detached, stand out @sobre, againstDS Orefl&O,to stand out @sobre, againstD&

desta(ar, to uncover, uncork, o(en&

destartalado, )a, huddled @togetherD, incom(act, (romiscuous, ithoutorder&

destem(lado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO destem(lar, untuned, harsh, discordant&

destiuado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO destiuar, destined, designed, intended&

destinar, to destine, design&

destino, Om&O, fate, destiny&

destroIar, to destroy&

destructor, )a, destructive&

desunir, to se(arate, sunder, disunite&

desvanecer, to cause to vanishS to clear u(, unravel, dissi(ateS )) sucabeIa, to make one giddy, affect ith diIIiness, make one?s headsimS Orefl&O, to vanish, eva(orate, disa((earS to faint, fallfainting&

desvanecido, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO desvanecer, vanishedS unconscious&

desvencijado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO desvencijar, broken, dila(idated&

detalle, Om&O, detail&

detener, to hinder, restrain, sto(, kee(, detainS Orefl&O, to sto(,halt&

determinaciNn, Of&O, determination&

determinado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO determinar, determined, resolved,

determinate, definite&

determinarse, to determine, resolve, decide, make u( one?s mind&

detestar, to detest&

detrs, after, behindS )) de, afterS (er )), behindS (or )) de,behind&

deudo, Om&O, (arent, relative&



devauar, to rackS )) se los sesos, to rack one?s brains&

devociNn, Of&O, devotion, ardent love&

devolver, to return, restore&

devorar, to devour, absorb, consume&

devoto, )a, devout, (iousS Osubst& m&O, devout @OorO (iousD (erson&

dia, Om&O, dayS al otro )), the net dayS a_n en el )), to this daySde noche y )), night and dayS en otros ))s, in other @OorO formerDdaysS formerlyS un )) y otro, day after dayS constantly&

diablo, Om&O, devil, rascal, fello&

diabNlico, )a, diabolic&

difano, )a, dia(hanous, trans(arent, (ellucid&

dilogo, Om&O, dialogue&

diamaute, Om&O, diamond&

diantre, Om&O, deuceS \qu ))Q the deuceQ \@enD qu )) @OorO ))sDQhat the deuceQ

dibujar, to dra, sketchS Orefl&O, to be dran @OorO sketchedDS toa((ear&

diccionario, Om&O, dictionary&

dicha, Of&O, ha((iness, felicity, (leasure&

dichoso, )a, ha((y, fortunate&

diecinueve @more OcommonlyO dieI y nueveD, nineteen&

diente, Om&O, toothS como que echN los ))s en, he as, as it ere,born to @OorO intoDS eutre ))s, beteen @myD teethS cantar entre ))s,to hum @a songD&

diestro, Om&O, halter, bridleS elevar del )), to lead by the halter@OorO bridleD&

dieI, tenS )) y nueve, nineteen&

diferencia, Of&O, differenceS O(l&O, differencesS quarrel,disagreement&

dificil, difficultS que no ser )), hich it easily may&

dificultad, Of&O, difficulty&

difunto, )a, defunct, deceased&



dignidad, Of&O, dignity, self)res(ect&

digno, )a, orthy&

digresien, Of&O, digression&

dilatacien, Of&O, dilation, e(ansion&

dilatar, to dilate, e(and, enlarge, s(read @abroadDS Orefl&O, todilate, s(read out, e(and, etend, sell&

diminuto, )a, diminutive, very small&

dinero, Om&O, money&

dintel, Om&O, lintelS threshold @OincorrectO useD&

ionis, Om&O, ionysius, ennis&

dios, Om&O, god&

ios, Om&O, GodS \))Q LordQ GoodnessQ en )) y en mi nima, in verytruthS God knos @that it is trueDS estar de )), to be God?s ill, tobe inevitable&

direcciNn, Of&O, directionS con )) , in the direction of&

dirigir, to direct, guide, castS )) la (alabra, to address, s(eakSOrefl&O, to turn, face, be directed, direct one?s ste(s, make one?say, take one?s courseS to address @oneselfD&

dirimir, to adjust, settle&

discordante, discordant&

discorde, discordant&

discrete, )a, discreet&

discul(a, Of&O, ecuse, ecul(ation&

discurrir, to (assS to talk, discourseS to ramble, run about&

discurso, Om&O, discourse, s(eech&

diseminar, to scatterS Orefl&O, to scatter, be scattered&

disensien, Of&O, strife, dissension&

disforme, deformed, missha(en, monstrous&

disfrutar @deD, to enjoy&

disgusto, Om&O, disgust, ill humor, dis(leasure&

disimular, to dissemble, conceal, veil&



disi(aciNn, Of&O, dissi(ation&

disi(ar, to dissi(ate, dis(el, dis(lace, cause to vanishS Orefl&O, tovanish, scatter, be scattered @OorO dis(elledD&

disolverse, to dissolve, se(arate, breaku(&

dis(arar, to fire, shoot, dischargeS al ))la, u(on firing @OorOshootingD at it&

dis(aratado, )a, inconsistent, absurd&

dis(ersarse, to dis(erse, vanish, scatter&

dis(oner, to dis(ose, order, direct, arrange, (re(are, get readySOrefl&O, to (re(are, get ready, (roceed, be about toS to be arranged@OorO (rojectedD&

dis(osiciNn, Of&O, dis(osition, arrangement, (osition, naturalfitness&

dis(uta, Of&O, dis(ute&

dis(utar, to dis(ute, argue, quarrelS Orefl&O, to vie ith oneanother&

distancia, Of&O, distanceS como )) de, something like a distance ofSat about the distance ofS distant about&

distante, distant, remote&

distar, to be distant&

distinciNn, Of&O, distinction, favor&

distinguir, to distinguishS Orefl&O, to be distinguished, be visible&

distintamente, distinctly&

distintivo, Om&O, distinction, badge, order&

distinto, )a, distinct, different, various&

distraction, Of&O, diversion, amusement&

distraer, to divertS Orefl&O, to divert @OorO amuseD oneself&

distraido, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO distraer, distraught, diverted,absentminded, lost in thought, vacant&

diversiVn, Of&O, diversion, entertainment, s(ort, amusement&

diverso, )a, different, diverse, various&

divertido, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO divertir, diverted, amused, (leasant&

divino, )a, divine&



divisar, to (erceive, see, recogniIe, descryS to divide, se(arateSOrefl&O, to be visible @at a distanceD&

divisorio, )a, dividingS lWnea divisoria, boundary&

divulgarse, to be divulgedS to s(read&

do @O(oet&O for dondeD, hereS )), hither&

doblar, to double, (ass roundS to bo&

doble, doubleS ms )), most double&

doce, telveS al (unto y hora de las )), eactly at midnight&

docena, Of&O, doIen&

doctor, Om&O, doctor, (hysician&

doler, to grieveS Orefl&O, to grieve&

doliente, sorroful, (laintive&

dolor, Om&O, grief, (ain, sorro, anguish&

domar, to break, tame, subdue, master, dominate, overcome&

dominar, to master, dominate, overcome, overlook, obtain a clear vieof&

domingo, Om&O, 7unday&

dominio, Om&O, (ossession, domain&

don, Om&O, on @a title used before:hristian names of menD&

donacin, Of&O, donation, gift&

donaire, Om&O, grace, courtesy&

doncel, Om&O, youth, young nobleman&

doncella, Of&O, girl, young lady, maid, maiden&

donde, here, in hichS en )), in @OorO onD hichS hasta )), ho farS(or )), here, through hichS Nnde va #icenteR onde va la gente

@Olit&O, M$here is #incent goingR $here the crod goesMD, it comeseasy to follo the crod&

dondeR hereR ))R hitherR de ))R henceR doUa, Of&O, Lady,mistress @a title used before :hristian names of omenD&

dorado, )a, gilded, goldenS brilliant&

dormido, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO dormir, sle(t, slee(ing, aslee(&



dormir, to slee(, lie dormantS )) (ierna suielta, to slee( soundly@OorO dee(lyD&

dos, toS los )), both&

doscientos, )as, to hundred&

dosel, Om&O, cano(y, dais&

dosis, Of&O, dose&

dotar, to endo&

dragNn, Om&O, dragoon&

ducado, Om&O, ducat @a gold coin of variable valueD&

duda, Of&O, doubt, sus(icionS sin )), doubtless&

dudar, to doubt, hesitate&

dudoso, )a, doubtful, uncertain, haIardous&

duelo, Om&O, duel&

duelo, Om&O, grief, mourningS funeral (rocession&

dueUa, Of&O, duenna, mistress, lady in aiting&

dueUo, Om&O, master, oner&

dulce, seet, (leasant, soft, gentle, mild&

dulcisimo, )a, Oabs& su(er& ofO dulce, very @OorO mostD seet @softOorO gentleD&

dulIura, Of&O, seetness, gentleness&

duque, Om&O, duke&

durante, during, for&

durar, to last, continue&

duro, )a, hardS duras (enas, ith great difficultyS Osubst& m&O,dollar&

E

, and @ObeforeO i) and hi)D&

bano, Om&O, ebony&

ebrio, )a, drunken, intoicated, drunk&



eco, Om&O, echo&

echado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO echar, thron, castS lying&

echar, to thro, cast, (ut, (lace, utter, dismiss, (ut outS )) labendiciNn, to give the benedictionS )) broma, to take @OorOconsiderD as a joke @OorO jestDS )) en busca, to go @OorO set offD in

searchS )se algo al coleto, to sallo at a gul(S )) los dientes, tocut one?s teethS como que echN los dientes en, he as, as it ere,born to @OorO intoDS )) el guante, to arrestS hasta )) los higados,ith all @yourD mightS )) mano de, to lay hands u(on, take (ossessionofS )) (estes de, to storm atS )) (ie tierra, to get don, dismountS)) en saco roto, to be heedless ofS not to take advantage ofS toforgetS )) un trago, to have a drink, take a dram&

edad, Of&O, age&

edificio, Om&O, edifice, building&

efectivamente, indeed, in fact, in reality, effectually&

efecto, Om&O, result, effectS en )), in fact, indeed&

efluvio, Om&O, effluvium, ehalation, emanation&

efusiNn, Of&O, effusion, tenderness&

egoWsmo, Om&O, selfishness, egoism&

\ehQ ehQ sayQ

eje, Om&O, ais, ale&

ejem(lar, eem(laryS Osubst& m&O, eam(leS sin )), un(recedented&

ejem(lo, Om&O, eam(le&

ejercicio, Om&O, eercise, (ractice&

ejercitar, to eercise, drill, train&

ejrcito, Om&O, army, array&

el, la, lo, the&

l, ella, ello, he, him, she, her, it&

l, la, lo, that&

elaborar, to elaborate, develo(, unfold&

elargar, to stretch out, raise&

elegante, elegant, fine, graceful&

elegir, to elect, choose&



elemento, Om&O, element&

elevado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO elevar, elevated, lofty&

elevar, to elevate, raise, lift u(S Orefl&O, to arise, rise u(&

Elvira, Of&O, Elvira&

ella, she, her, it&

ello, itS )) es que, the fact is&

embargar, to hold in subjection, restrain, control&

embargo, Om&O, hindranceS sin )), nevertheless, hoever,notithstanding&

embebecido, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO embebecer, enra(tured&

embellecer, to embellish, adorn&

emblema, Om&O, emblem&

embocadura, Of&O, mouth, entrance&

emboscada, Of&O, ambuscade&

emboscarse, to lie in ambush&

emboIado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO emboIar, ra((ed @OorO muffledD u(Sdisguised, covert&

emboIar, to muffle the greater (art of one?s face&

embriagar, to intoicate, delight, trans(ortS Oreft&O, to becomeintoicated, get drunk&

embriagueI, Of&O, intoication, stu(or, tor(or&

embrollo, Om&O, intrigue, liaison&

embrujar, to charm, beitch&

emisario, Om&O, emissary&

emociNn, Of&O, emotion&

em(ellNn, Om&O, (ush, shove, shoving, blo&

em(eUarse, to endeavor, (ersist in&

em(eUo, Om&O, aim, (ur(ose, desire, eagernessS tener )), to desireearnestly&

em(equeUecerse, to be @OorO becomeD small&

em(erador, Om&O, em(eror&



em(ero, hoever&

em(eIar, to begin&

em(inado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO em(inar, raised, elevated, lofty, stee(&

em(inarse, to raise oneselfS to rise&

em(lear, to em(loy, make use of&

em(onIoUar, to (oison&

em(render, to undertake, take, take u(, set out on&

em(resa, Of&O, enter(rise, activity, undertaking&

em(ujar, to drive, im(el, force along, (ush, stir&

em(ujNn, Om&O, (ush, violent shove&

em(uUadura, Of&O, hilt&

en, in, on, to, u(on, at, intoS as @aDS )) contra mWa, against myselfSagainst my interestsS )) cuanto, as soon as, henS )) cuanto N, as to,as for, as regardsS )) (os de, after, behind, in (ursuit ofS )) lo(osible, as much as (ossibleS )) tanto que, hileS )) torno, roundaboutS )) torno de, about, around&

enamorado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO enamorar, enamored, in love, loving,tender, lovesickS Osubst& m&O, lover&

encadenar, to chain, bind&

encajarse, to join, be united, come together&

encaje, Om&O, lace&

encaminarse, to (roceed, take the road, betake oneself&

encanijar, to eaken, cause to (ine aay&

encantar, to delight, enchant, charm&

encanto, Om&O, enchantment, charm, s(ell&

enca(otar, to cloak, muffle&

encaramarse, to climb&

encarar, to aimS )) se con, to face, confront&

encarcelar, to im(rison&

encargar, to charge, recommend&

encenagar, to mireS to trouble, disturb&



encender, to kindle, lightS Orefl&O, to be kindled&

encendido, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO encender, lighted, inflamed, burning,gloing, aflame, aglo, blaIing, (assionate&

encerrar, to confine, im(rison, enclose, embodyS Orefl&O, to shut

oneself u(, seclude onself, retire&

encima, u(onS )) de, u(on, on to( ofS (or )) de, over, above&

encina, Of&O, evergreen oak&

enclavar, to nail&

encoger, to shrugS Orefl&O, to dra back, shrink&

encogido, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO encoger, contracted, shrinking&

encogimiento, Om&O, timidity&

encomendar, to recommend, commit&

encomienda, Of&O, badge, the embroidered cross orn by knights ofmilitary orders&

encontrar, to meet, find, encounter, see, reachS Orefl&O, to meet eachother @OorO one anotherDS to be found, be met ithS to beS to meet,join&

encorvado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO encorvar, bent, crooked&

encubierto, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO encubrir, covered, concealed, veiled,hidden&

encubrir, to cover, veil, conceal&

encuentro, Om&O, meeting, encounterS su )), to meet him @her, you,OorO themD&

endereIarse, to enter, (lunge into&

endiablado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO endiablar, corru(ted, devilish, vile,diabolical&

endriago, Om&O, monster, dragon&

enebro, Om&O, juni(er, common juni(er&

enemigo, )a, hostile, inimicalS Osubst& m&O, enemy&

enrgico, )a, energetic&

enfermo, )a, sick, ill&

engaUarse, to be mistaken&



engaUoso, )a, deceitful, dece(tive&

engarIar, to enchase, encircle, set&

engendrar, to (roduce, engender&

engendro, Om&O, offs(ring&

engolfar, to engross, engage, occu(y&

engreWdo, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO engreir, elated, lofty, haughty&

enigma, Om&O, enigma&

enigmtico, )a, enigmatical&

enjaeIado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO enjaeIar, ca(arisoned&

enjambre, Om&O, sarm&

enjugar, to dry, i(e aay&

enlutado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO enlutar, in mourning&

enmaraUado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO enmaraUar, entangled, (er(leing,confusing, intricate&

enmudecer, to be @OorO becomeD silent&

ennegrecido, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO ennegrecer, blackened, black, burnt&

enojoso, )a, veing, disturbing&

enorme, enormous, mighty&

enredar, to become entangledS to catch, entangle, entine, coilOrefl&O, to entine @aroundDS to entangle oneself, become entangled@OorO ensnaredDS to coil&

enrojecer, to redden, heat red)hotS Orefl&O, to become red)hot&

enroscarse, to tist, curl, coil, rithe&

ensancharse, to iden, broaden&

ensangrentar, to stain ith blood, be blood)stained&

ensayar, to (ractice&

enseUar, to teach&

ensordecer, to deafen&

ensueUo, Om&O, slee(, dream&

entender, to understandS como ios me daba )), to the best of myability&



enteramente, entirely, quite, just, right&

enterarse, to inform oneself&

entero, )a, entire, hole&

enterrar, to inter, bury&

entonar, to sing, begin singing&

entonces, thenS )) que &&&, then, hile &&&S then, hen &&&

entornar, to turnS to close&

entrada, Of&O, entrance&

entraUas, Of&O O(l&O, entrails, heart&

entrar, to enter, come, arriveS to beginS Orefl&O, @of the nightD to

come onS to fallS como se les enttase ms andar el dWa, as the dayent onS as the day (assed @for themD&

entre, beteen, among, inS (or )), beteen, among, in, throughSmirarse )) s, to look at each other @OorO one anotherDS sW, tohimself, etc&

entreabierto, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO entreabrir, half o(ened, ajar, ga(ing&

entreabrir, to o(en slightly&

entrecortado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO entrecortar, interru(ted, broken,broken&

entregado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO entregar, given over, devoted&

entregarse, to yield, give ay, give oneself over @u(& u(D, abandononeself&

entrelaIar, to interlace, intertine&

entremeIclar, to intermingle&

entretener, to kee( @in orderDS to entertain, divertS Orefl&O, todelay, tarry, amuse oneself&

entrever, to get a glim(se ofS dejar )), to sho slightly&

entrevista, Of&O, intervie, meeting&

enturbiar, to disturb, trouble&

entusiasmo, Om&O, enthusiasm&

envejecer, to gro old&

enviar, to send&



envidioso, )a, envious, invidious&

envilecer, to debase, debauch&

envio, Om&O, remittance&

envolver, to envelo(&

enIarIarse, to be @OorO becomeD entangled @as among brambles orbriarsD&

e(idermis, Of&O, e(idermis&

e(igrama, Om&O, e(igram&

(oca, OfO, (eriod, e(och, time&

equivaler, to be equal to, be orth, be equivalent to&

equivocadamente, inadvertently, by mistake&

eremita, Om&O, hermit&

erguirse, to straighten u(S to rise&

eriIado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO eriIar, bristling @de, ithD&

eriIar, to cause to stand on endS to bristleS Orefl&O, to stand onendS to bristle&

ermita, Of&O, hermitage&

ermitaUo, Om&O, hermit&

errante, andering, rambling, roving&

esbelto, )a, tall, slender&

escabel, Om&O, seat, stoolS (edestalS resting)(lace&

escala, Of&O, ladder&

escalador, Om&O, scaler, one ho scales alls&

escalar, to scale, climb&

escalera, Of&O, stairs, staircase&

escalinata, Of&O, ste(s&

escalNn, Om&O, ste(, jut, (rojection&

escandaloso, )a, scandalous, disgraceful, o((robrious&

escaUo, Om&O, bench, chair&



esca(ar, to esca(e, fallS Orefl&O, to esca(e, fall&

esca(e, Om&O, flight, s(eedS @or alD )), at full s(eedS todo )),at full s(eed&

esca(ulario, Om&O, sca(ular&

escarabajo, Om&O, scarab&

escarcha, Of&O, hoar)frost, frost&

escasear, to give s(aringly @OorO grudginglyD&

escaso, )a, slight, scanty&

escena, Of&O, scene&

esclarecimiento, Om&O, dan&

escoger, to choose, select&

escogido, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO escoger, chosen, select, choice, fine&

escombros, Om& (l&O, debris, rubbish&

esconder, to hide, cover u(S Orefl&O, to hide, be concealedS @of thesunD to setS to disa((ear&

escondido, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO esconder, concealed, hidden, secret&

escondite, Om&O, concealment, retreat, hiding)(lace&

escondrijo, Om&O, concealment, hiding)(lace, retreat&

escribir, to rite&

escrito, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO escribir, rittenS Osubst& m&O, riting,ork&

escuadra, Of&O, squadron&

escuilido, )a, eak, miserable&

escuchar, to listen, listen to, hearS Orefl&O, to be heard, beaudible&

escudero, Om&O, squire&

escudo, Om&O, shield, bucklerS escutcheon&

escudriUar, to search, eamine, scrutiniIe&

escueto, )a, free, o(en&

escul(ir, to scul(ture, carve&

escultor, Om&O, scul(tor&



escultura, Of&O, scul(ture, statue&

ese, esa, that&

se, sa, eso, that one, thatS sa, your city @the city here you arestayingD&

esforIar, to renforce, su((ort, hel( on, a((laudS Orefl&O, to make aneffortS to eert oneself&

esfuerIo, Om&O, effort, eertion&

esmeralda, Of&O, emerald&

eso, thatS (or )), for that reasonS hence, thereforeS que es ))R hatis itR hat is the matterR

es(acio, Om&O, s(aceS O(l&O, s(ace&

es(acioso, )a, s(acious&

es(ada, Of&O, sord&

es(adaiia, Of&O, s(ire, toerS cam(anario de )), single)alledbelltoerS belfry of a single all ith o(enings for the bells&

es(alda, Of&O, backS O(l&O, shoulders, backS mis ))s, behind meSvuelto de ))s, ith @hisD back turned&

es(aldar, Om&O, back(late @of a cuirassD&

es(antado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO es(antar, frightened, terrified,astonished, ondering, in terror @OorO astonishmentD&

es(antoso, )a, frightful, dreadful, horrible&

es(aUol, )a, 7(anish&

es(ecial, s(ecial, (eculiar, (articular, uncommon&

es(ecialmente, es(ecially, (articularly&

es(ecie, Of&O, kind&

es(ectculo, Om&O, s(ectacle&

es(ectador, Om&O, s(ectator&

es(ejo, Om&O, mirror&

es(eranIa, Of&O, ho(e, e(ectation&

es(erar, to ho(e, e(ect, ait for, aait, aitS Orefl&O, to e(ect&

es(esisimo, )a, Oabs& su(er&O of es(eso, very @OorO mostD dense&



es(eso, )a, dense&

es(esura, Of&O, thicket, ilderness&

es(iral, Of&O, s(iral&

es(Writu, Om&O, s(irit, mind, heart, soul&

es(iritual, s(iritualS s(iritualiIedS unorldlyS ethereal&

es(lendor, Om&O, s(lendor&

es(ontneamente, s(ontaneously&

es(ontneo, )a, s(ontaneous&

es(osa, Of&O, ife

es(uela, Of&O, s(ur&

es(uma, Of&O, foam, froth&

es(umoso, )a, s(arkling, effervescent&

esqueleto, Om&O, skeleton, cor(se&

esquililla, Of&O, small bell, shee( bell&

esquilNn, Of&O, bell, church bell&

esquina, Of&O, corner, angle&

esquivar, to avoid, evade&

sta& 7ee ste&

estacionarse, to station oneself, take u( a (osition&

estado, Om&O, state, condition, rank&

estancarse, to sto(, fall&

estar, to beS )) de ios, to be God?s ill, to be inevitableS (ara, tobe about toS )) (unto, to be readyS to be on the (oint of, be abouttoS )) viendolo, to see itS to be (resentS estuve oyendo, ! ke(thearing&

estatua, Of&O, statue&

este, esta, this&

ste, sta, esto, this one, this, the latterS ste quiero ste noquiero, ithout asking (ermissionS ithout choiceS illy)nilly&

Esteban, Om&O, 7te(hen&

estela, Of&O, ake, track, streak&



estril, sterile, barren&

esto, thisS))es, that isS namelyS de la solfa, the art of music&

estNmago, Om&O, stomach&

estoque, Om&O, sord, ra(ier&

estrado, Om&O, (latform @on hich the royal throne is (lacedD&

estrambNtico, )a, strange, odd, queer, eccentric&

estratgico, )a, strategic&

estrechar, to (ress, clas(, constrain&

estrecho, )a, narro, close&

estrella, Of&O, star&

estremecer, to shake, make shudder, cause to trembleS Orefl&O, totremble, start, quiver, be startled, vibrate, shiverS @of the fleshDto cree(&

estremecido, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO estremecer, shaken, trembling,quivering&

estremecimiento, Om&O, trembling, start, shiver&

estr(ito, Om&O, noise, clamor&

estre(itoso, )a, noisy, boisterous&

estribo, Om&O, stirru(&

estridente, strident, shrill, harsh&

estruendo, Om&O, noise, rumor&

estruendoso, )a, noisy, clamorous&

estrujar, to (ress, clas(&

estudiante, Om&O, student&

estudiar, to study&

estu(endo, )a, onderful, stu(endous, marvelous&

esth(ido, )a, stu(id, dull, daIed&

estu(or, Om&O, stu(or, tor(or, amaIement&

ter, Om&O, ether&

eternamente, eternally&



eternidad, Of&O, eternity&

eterno, )a, eternal, everlasting, endless&

Evangelio, Om&O, Gos(elS O(l&O, Gos(elsS buenos ))s, some holysayingsS some of the 9oly 7cri(tures&

eva(orarse, to eva(orate, vanish&

evasivo, )a, evasive&

evitar, to avoid, esca(e&

evoluciNn, Of&O, evolution, change&

eabru(to, Om&O, outburst, ecess, violence, abru(tness, abru(t @OorOune(ectedD remark&

eagerar, to eaggerate&

ealtaciNn, Of&O, ealtation, sublimityS eaggeration, fanaticism,imagination, mere fancy&

eaminar, to eamine&

eas(erar, to eas(erate&

eceder, to eceed, sur(ass&

ece(to, ece(t&

eclamaciNn, Of&O, eclamation&

eclamar, to eclaim&

eclusive, )a, eclusive&

ecursiNn, Of&O, e(edition, incursion, raid&

ecusar, to ecuse, eem(t, release, s(are&

ehalaciNn, Of&O, ehalationS @OhereOD flash of lightning&

ehalar, to ehale&

eistencia, Of&O, eistence&

eistir, to eist, live&

e(ediciNn, Of&O, e(edition, journey&

e(erimentar, to e(erience, feel&

e(iaciNn, Of&O, e(iation&

e(iar, to e(iate, atone&



e(irar, to e(ire, vanish, die aay&

e(licaciNn, Of&O, e(lanation, e(lanatory remark&

e(licar, to e(lainS Orefl&O, to e(ress oneself&

e(losiNn, Of&O, e(losion, burst&

e(onerse, to e(ose oneself, be e(osed, run the risk&

e(resar, to e(ress&

e(resiNn, Of&O, e(ressionS O(l&O, regards&

equisito, )a, equisite, etreme, (erfect, su(reme&

tasis, Om&O, ecstasy&

etender, to stretch out, etend, lengthenS Orefl&O, to s(read&

etenso, )a, vast&

etraUo, )a, strange&

etraordinario, )a, etraordinary&

etravagancia, Of&O, etravagance, madness&

etravagante, ild, etravagant, odd, strange&

etraviado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO etraviar, distracted, beildered, ild,andering, roving&

etravWo, Om&O, disorder, irregularity&

etremidad, Of&O, etremity&

etremo,Om&O, end, etremity, limit, corner, angle&

8

fbula, Of&O, rumor, story, fable, fiction, idle taleS com(osition,(lot&

fabuloso, )a, fabulous&

facciones,Of& (l&O, features&

faceta, Of&O, facet, surface&

fcil, easy&

faja, Of&O, band, sash, belt&



falda,Of&O, slo(eS skirt, la(&

falta, Of&O, fault, lack, ant&

faltar, to fail, lack, need, be lacking @OorO antingDS )) (or hacer,to remain to be done&

falto, )a, lackingS )) de sentido, unconscious&

fama, Of&O, re(ort, rumor&

familia,Of&O, family&

familiar, Om&O, servant, attendantS O(l&O, retinue, suite&

familiariIado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO familiariIar, familiariIed, familiar,acquainted, accustomed&

famoso, )a, famous, celebrated, notorious&

fango, Om&O, mire&

fantasia, Of&O, fancy, imagination&

fantasma, Om&O, (hantomS Of&O, scarecro&

fantasmagoria, Of&O, (hantasmagoria&

fantstico, )a, fantastic&

farol, Om&O, lantern&

farolillo, Om&O, small lantern&

farsante, Om&O, claimant, (retender&

fascinador, fascinating&

fascinar, to fascinate, charm&

fastidiarse, to be bored&

fatiga, Of&O, fatigue, toil, labor, hardshi(&

fatigado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO fatigar, tired, fatigued&

fatigar, to tire, eary, fatigue&

fatigoso, )a, ehausting&

fatuos* fuegos )), ignis fatuusS ill)o?)the)is(&

fauces, Of& (l&O, jas&

fausto, Om&O, s(lendor, (om(, luury&

favor, Om&O, favor, kindnessS en )) de, in behalf ofS to favor&



favorecido, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO favorecer, favored, in favor&

favorite, )a, favorite&

faI, Of&O, face&

fe, Of&O, faith, beliefS )) de quien soy, on my honorS on the ordof a gentlemanS )) )) que, u(on my ordS ! give you my ordS intruthS (or mi )), on my ordS auto de )), (ublic burning by the!nquisitionS @henceD great fire, bonfire, fire&

febril, feverish&

fecundo, )a, fertile&

fechorla, Of&O, act, deed, evil deed&

felicidad, Of&O, felicity, bliss&

feliI, ha((y, blissful&

fenNmeno, Om&O, (henomenon, manifestation&

fretro, Om&O, bier, coffin&

feria, Of&O, fair&

8ernando, Om&O, 8erdinand&

ferocidad, Of&O, ferocityS O(l&O, ferocity&

feroI, ferocious&

ferrar, to garnish ith (oints of ironS to strengthen ith iron(lates&

frreo, )a, iron, of @OorO (ertaining toD iron&

festWn, Om&O, feast, banquet, festival&

festNn, Om&O, festoon, garland&

feudal, feudal&

feudo, Om&O, fief, feud&

fibra, Of&O, fiber&

fiebre, Of&O, fever&

fiel, faithful, loyal&

fieltro, Om&O, feltS hat&

fiera, Of&O, ild beast&



fiesta, Of&O, feast, festival, fpte, festivity&

figura, Of&O, figure, form&

figurar, to imagineS Orefl&O, to imagine, fancyS to a((ear in fancySse me figuran, a((ear to my fancy&

fijamente, fiedly&

fijar, to fi, fastenS Orefl&O, to be fiedS to look fiedly&

fijo, )a, fied&

fila, Of&O, file, rank, line, ro&

filigrana, Of&O, filigree&

filo, Om&O, edgeS all al )) de la media noche, just about midnight&

fin, Om&O, endS al )), finallyS )) de, in order toS dar )), to die,

(erishS en )), in fine, finally, in short, after all, anyho, ellS(or )), finally&

final, Om&O, end, conclusion&

fingir, to feign, (retend, simulate, counterfeit, take the form of,affect, assume, imitate, seem to be&

finura, Of&O, charm, finesse& firme, firmS de )), firmly, forcibly,lustily&

fisico, )a, (hysicalS Osubst& m&O, (hysique, (hysical organiIation@being OorO make)u(D

flamencote, Om&O, big 8leming&

flanquear, to flank, flag, falter, gro feeble&

fleible, fleible, su((le, soft&

flor, Of&O, floerS dar en la )), to take into one?s headS to fallinto the habit&

floral, floral&

florido, )a, elegant, select&

flotante, floating, aving&

flotar, to float, ave, hover&

fl_ido, Om&O, fluid&

foco, Om&O, focusS center&

fogata, Of&O, blaIe, fire&



fogoso, )a, fiery, s(irited&

follaje, Om&O, foliage& fondo, Om&O, back, rear, background, de(th,heart, recess, bottom&

forcejear, to struggle, rithe&

forma, Of&O, form, figure, sha(e, hostS O(l&O, form, figureS 7agrada8orma, :onsecrated 9ost&

formar, to form&

formidable, formidable, dreadful&

fNrmula, Of&O, formula, charm, reci(e&

formular, to formulate, s(eak&

fornido, )a, robust, lusty, stout&

forraje, Om&O, forage, hay, grass&

fortaleIa, Of&O, fortress, stronghold&

fortuna, Of&O, fortuneS (or )), fortunately&

fosa, Of&O, ditch, grave&

fosfNrico, )a, (hos(horescent&

foso, Om&O, ditch, moat&

fragmento, Om&O, fragment, (iece, bolder&

fragoso, )a, craggy, rough, uneven&

fraguarse, to breakS to be forged @invented OorO gotten u(D&

fraile, Om&O, friar&

francamente, frankly&

franqueIa, Of&O, frankness&

frase, Of&O, (hrase, s(eech, ord, ordsS ))s enamoradas, tender@loving OorO lovesickD (hrases @OorO ordsD&

fratricida, fratricidal&

frecuente, frequent&

fregona, Of&O, kitchen)maid, scrubbing)girl&

freir, to fryS Orefl&O, to fry&

freno, Om&O, restraint, bounds&



frente, Of&O, bro, forehead, face, headS )) , facingS in front of&

fresco, )a, fresh, cool&

frescura, Of&O, freshness&

frio, )a, coldS Osubst& m&O, coldS hacer )), to be cold&

friolera, Of&O, trifle, mere trifleS \))Q nonsenseQ

fronda, Of&O, frond, leaf&

frondoso, )a, leafy, covered ith leaves, luuriant, shady&

frontera, Of&O, frontier&

frugal, frugal&

frustrar, to frustrate&

fruta, Of&O, fruit&

fuego, Om&O, fireS (oner )), to set fire @toDS ))s fatuos, ignisfatuusS ill)o?)the)is(&

fuelles, Om& (l&O, bellos @of an organDS (ara darle los )), to (um(the bellos&

fuente, Of&O, fountain, source&

fuer, )) de, as, like, being, by dint of being, since you are @OorOereD&

fuera, outS )) de, outside of, beyond, besideS )) de sW, besideoneself&

fuerte, strong, mighty, violent&

fuertemente, strongly, firmly&

fuerIa, Of&O, force, (oer, mightS body of troo(sS )) de, by dintofS )) le sera, he ill have toS he ill be forced&

fugaI, fleeting, fugitive&

fugitivo, )a, fleeting, fugitive&

fulgor, Om&O, gleam, glo, flash, brilliancy, effulgence&

funciNn, Om&O, ceremony, solemnity&

fundado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO fundar, grounded in the beliefS taking @itDfor grantedS believing&

fundar, to found, ground&

fundir, to melt&



funesto, )a, baleful, fatal&

furia, Of&O, furyS estar hecho una )), to be in a rage&

furioso, )a, furious&

furtivo, )a, furtive, clandestine, fleetingS caIadores ))s, (oachers&

futuro, )a, future&

G

gabinete, Om&O, cabinetS correo de )), state @OorO king?sD messenger&

gaita, Of&O, bag(i(e&

gala, Of&O, ostentation, dis(lay, grace, adornmentS full @OorO courtD

dressS O(l&O, regalia, finery, (ara(hernalia&

galn& Om&O, gallant, lover, suitor, ooer&

galante, gallantS of @OorO (ertaining toD lovers&

galanterWa, Of&O, gallantry, courteousness, courtliness&

galanura, Of&O, grace, gracefulness, elegance @in language OorOstyleD, style, re(artee&

Galatea, Of&O, Galatea&

galeNn, Om&O, galleon&

galerWa, Of&O, gallery&

galonear, to adorn @OorO deckD ith lace&

gallardWa, Of&O, gallantry&

gallo, Om&O, cock, roosterS =isa del Gallo, midnight mass on :hristmaseve&

gamo, Om&O, buck&

gana, Of&O, a((etite, desire, ish, inclinationS tener ))s, to have a

mind @de, toD&

ganado, Om&O, flock, herd&

ganar, to gain&

ganga, Of&O, @Ocoll&OD fortune, luck, anything valuable acquired ithlittle labor&

Garcs, Om&O, @O7(an&OH Garcts&



garganta, Of&O, throat&

garra, Of&O, cla&

garrotaIo, Om&O, blo ith a staff @OorO cudgelD&

garrote, Om&O, cudgel, stick, staff&

gasa, Of&O, gauIe&

gastar, to s(endS to dis(layS como las gasta, ho he actsS ho hecom(orts himselfS hat his tricks are&

gato, Om&O, cat&

gavilanes, Om& (l&O, cross)bars of the guard of a sordS guard @of asord)hiltD&

gavilla, Of&O, band, gang&

gay saber, Om&O, (oetry, art of (oetry&

gemido, Om&O, sigh, groan, moan, moaning, sighing&

gemir, to moan, sigh, groanS to creak&

general, generalS Osubst& m&O, general&

gnero, Om&O, kind, s(ecies, quality, nature&

generoso, )a, generous&

genial, Om&O, dis(osition, nature&

genio, Om&O, genius, s(irit&

gente, Of&O, (eo(le, crod, servantsS O(l&O, servantsS )) menuda,servants, domestics, de(endentsS )) del (ueblo, common (eo(le&

Gerardo, Om&O, Gerard&

gerifalte, Om&O, falcon, gyrfalcon&

germinar, to germinate, bud&

gigante, gigantic, grand&

gigantesco, )a, gigantic, vast&

girar, to turn, revolve, dart aboutS to creak&

girNn, Om&O, (iece, tatter, banner, (ennant, flag&

gitana, Of&O, gy(sy&

glacial, glacial, icy&



globo, Om&O, globe, s(here, ball&

gloria, Of&O, gloryS el dWa de )), the day of glory, 9oly 7aturday&

goce, Om&O, enjoyment, (leasure&

gola, Of&O, gorget, neck)(late&

golondrina, Of&O, sallo&

gol(e, Om&O, stroke, blo, clang, clankS ))s, by @OorO ithD blos&

gol(ear, to strike, beatS Osubst& m&O, clattering&

gordo, )a, large, big, great, coarse&

gorguera, OfO, ruffS )) de caUutos, fluted ruff&

gorjear, to arble&

gota, Of&O, dro(S )) )), dro( by dro(&

gotear, to dro(, dri(, fall dro( by dro(&

gNtico, )a, Gothic&

goIar, to enjoyS )) de, to enjoy&

goIne, Om&O, hinge&

goIo, Om&O, joy, (leasure, satisfaction&

grabar, to engrave&

gracia, Of&O, grace, favor, charmS O(l&O, thanksS dar las ))s, toe(ress one?s thanks&

gracioso, )a, funny, comical&

grada, Of&O, ste(, stair, gradineS O(l&O, (erron, staircase&

grado, Om&O, grade, rank, degree&

gradualmente, gradually&

grama, Of&O, dog)grass, dog)heat&

gran& 7ee grande&

grana, Of&O, scarletS @fineD scarlet clothS de )), scarlet&

grande, great, grand, large, tall, longS ))s voces, in a loud voice,loudly&

granito, Om&O, granite&



granjear, to obtain, gain, in&

grano, Om&O, gram&

grave, serious, dignified, grave&

gravedad, Of&O, gravity, seriousness&

graInido, Om&O, croaking, caing&

greUa, Of&O, tangled @OorO mattedD hair&

griego, )a, Greek&

grifo, Om&O, griffin, a fabulous monster, half lion, half eagle&

gris, gray&

gritar, to cry @outD&

grito, Om&O, cryS )) de vela, atch)cry&

groseramente, roughly, rudely, coarsely&

grotesco, )a, grotesque&

grueso, )a, thick, large, big, bulkyS Osubst& m&O, large body, mainbody&

gru(a, Of&O, crou(S volver ))sS to turn back @OorO aroundD&

gru(o, Om&O, grou(&

guante, Om&O, gloveS echar el )), to arrest&

guantelete, Om&O, gauntlet&

guarda, Om&O, guard&

guardar, to retain, kee(, (ossess, have, guardS to sto aay&

guardia, Of&O, guardS en )), on guard&

guardin, Om&O, kee(er, arden&

guarecerse, to take refuge, find shelter, esca(e&

guarida, Of&O, cave, cavern, den, lair&

guedeja, Of&O, lock @of hairD&

guerra, Of&O, ar&

guerrero, Om&O, arrior, soldier&

guWa, Om&O, guide&



guiar, to guide&

guijarro, Om&O, (ebble&

guiNn, Om&O, bell)ether, bell)shee(&

guisa, Of&O, manner, guiseS )) de, by ay of&

gusano, Om&O, orm, maggot&

gustar, to like, (lease&

gusto, Om&O, taste, (leasure, ease, leisureS dar )), to gratify&

guIla, Of&O, guIla, fiddle ith a single string&

9

ha, Ocontraction ofO hace& 7ee hacer&

haber, to haveS )) de, to have to, be obliged toS must, should, ould,oughtS to be to, be able toS canS he de, ! mustS habWa de, ! as toS !had toS no se ha de decir, it cannot be saidS que se ha de comer latierra, hich the earth shall @one dayD sallo u(S y (or qu no hasde vivirR and hy can you not @OorO should you notD liveR ))@Oim(ers&OD, to beS hay, there is @OorO areDS habia, there as @OorOereDS habr, there ill beS )) que, to be necessaryS me lo habWan deasegurar &&& y no lo creeria, even if ! ere assured by &&& ! ouldn?tbelieve itS que habris visto, hich you (robably have seenS que hayRhat is itR hat is the matterR si no hay ms que, one needs only toSno hay (ara qu decir que se fastidiaban, it is needless to say ereboredS no haya cuidado, don?t orry, never fear, let there be no fearSque no haya ms que oir, that nothing else can be heardS he aquW, hereis @OorO areDS behold, lo&

habilitar, to (rovide, equi(, furnish&

habitaciNn, Of&O, hall, room&

habitador, Om&O, inhabitant, tenant&

habitar, to live, dell, inhabit, reside&

hbito, Om&O, habit, customS dressS O(l&O, cassock, clothes&

habitual, habitual&

hablar, to s(eakS en hablando del ruin de +oma, ctale aqui que asoma,s(eak of the devil and he ill a((ear&

hablilla, Of&O, rumor, re(ort, babbling&

hacer, to make, do, cause, bring about, ork, cast, be, become, beturned intoS ))@Oim(ers&OD, to be @of the eather and of timeDS hace,agoS hace mucho tiem(o, a long time agoS no hace @OorO haD mucho, not



long agoS hace muchos aUos, many years agoS hace rato, quite a hileagoS har cosa de tres N cuatro dWas, about three or four days agoSharia cosa de unas dos horas, it must have been about to hoursS ))justicia, to eecuteS )) mal de ojo, to cast the evil eyeS )) memoriade, to rememberS )) monos, to (lay tricksS )) (edaIos, to break to(iecesS )) (latillo de, to converse aboutS )) una (regunta, to ask aquestion, make a requestS )) (resente, to lay before, (resent, stateS

dar que )), to give troubleS estar hecbo una furia, to be in a rageSOrefl&O, to be, becomeS )) se de tri(as coraINn, to (luck u( courage&

hacia, toardsS )) adelante, forard&

hacha, Of&O, torch&

hada, Of&O, fairyS enchanted nym(h&

halagar, to flatter, caress&

halagêUo, )a, attractive, alluring&

halcNn, Om&O, falcon&

hallar, to find, meetS Orefl&O, to be, be found, meet&

hambre, Of&O, hunger&

hara(o, Om&O, tatter, rag, fringe&

hara(oso, )a, ragged&

hasta, as far as, u( to, until, to, toards, also, besides, even, eventoS )) entonces, till thenS \)) la nocheQ @good)byD till tonightS no&&& )), onlyS not beforeS )) que @noD, untilS )) tonto que, untilS)) unos cien, @u( toD about a hundred&

haI, Om&O, bundleS el )) de armas, (ano(ly&

haI, Of&O, face, surface&

haIa, Of&O, field, cultivated field&

he* )) aquf, here is @OorO areDS beholdS hte aqui, hare is @OorOareDS behold&

hechicera, Of&O, itch, hag&

hechiIar, to beitch&

hechiIo, Om&O, enchantment, charm&

hecho, )a, O((& ofO hacer, made, turn @formed OorO turnedD intoS likeSOsubst& m&O, fact, deed, act, event&

hediondo, )a, fetid, fould&

helado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO helar, froIen, icy, glacial&



helar, to freeIe&

henchir@seD, to sell&

hendidura, Of&O, fissure, crack, crevice&

heredad, Of&O, country (lace, farm&

heredar, to inherit&

herencia, Of&O, inheritance&

herida, Of&O, ound&

herido, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO herir, oundedS voI herida, in clangingtones&

herir, to strike, ound, shine u(on, light u(S )) de muerte, tostrike dead&

hermana, Of&O, sister&

hermano, Om&O, brother&

hermoso, )a, lovely, beautiful, fine&

hermosote, very fine @or handsomeD&

hermosure, Of&O, beauty&

hroe, Om&O, hero&

hervir, to boil, blaIe, seetheS to crod, sarm&

hte& 7ee he&

hiedra, Of&O, ivy&

hielo, Om&O, ice, frost&

hierba, Of&O, grass, herbS O(l&O, grass&

hierro, Om&O, ironS O(l&O, irons, fettersS armsS hundir una cuarta de)), to bury the s(ursS to s(ur dee(ly&

higado, Om&O, liverS hasta echar los ))s, ith all @yourD might&

hija, Of&O, doughter, girl, child, offs(ring&

hijo, Om&O, sonS O(l&O, children&

hilo, Om&O, thread, ray&

hilvanar, to (re(areS to (lan&

himno, Om&O, hymn&



hinchado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO hinchar, sollen&

hinojo, Om&O, kneeS de ))s, kneelingS on one?s knees&

hi(ocritNn, very hy(ocriticalS Osubst& m&O, great hy(ocrite&

hirviente, boiling, gloing, blaIing&

hiso(o, Om&O, as(ergill, brush used to s(rinkle holy ater&

historia Of&O, story, incident&

histNrico, )a, historic, historical&

hito, Om&O, markS mirar de )) en )), to look at @OorO overD closely,vie ith attention, fi one?s eyes u(on&

hogar, Om&O, hearth, home, fire(lace&

hoguera, Of&O, fire, bonfire, blaIe&

hoja, Of&O, leaf, fold, bladeS O(l&O, double doors, folding doors&

hojarasca, Of&O, foliageS @OhereOD carved foliage&

\holaQ hallooQ lookQ ellQ hatQ

hollar, to tread u(on, tram(le&

hombre, Om&O, man&

hombro, Om&O, shoulderS en ))s, on @theirD shoulders&

homenaje,Om&&O, homageS (restar )), to (ay homage, (rofess fealtyStorre del )), toer of homageS homage toerS toer in a castle inhich the governor or arden took the oath of fidelity&

honda, Of&O, slingS tiro de)), slingshot&

hondo, )a, (rofound, dee(&

hondura, Of&O, de(th, cavity, basin, dee( valley&

honor, Om&O, honor&

honra, Of&O, honor&

honrado, )a, honest, honorable&

hora, Of&O, hourS o?clockS )), at an hourS la media )), ithinhalf an hourS y esta es la )) en que todavWa no le hemos visto, and ehaven?t seen him sinceS al (unto y )) de, on the stroke of, ateactly&

horca, Of&O, gallos&

horiIonte, Om&O, horiIon&



hornacina, Of&O, vaulted niche, niche&

horrible, horrible, fearful&

horror, Om&O, horror, dreadS santo )), ae, reverential fear&

horroroso, )a, horrid, hideous&

hostia, Of&O, host&

hoy, to)day&

hucco, )a, hollo, cavernousS Osubst& m&O, hollo, hole, niche,cavity, grave&

huella, Of&O, im(ression, trace, track, (rint, foot(rint&

hueso, Om&O, boneS O(l&O, bones, remainsS de carne y )), of flesh andblood&

huesoso, )a, bony&

hus(ed, Om&O, guest&

hueste, Of&O, host, army&

huesudo, )a, bony&

huWda, Of&O, flight, esca(e&

huir, to flee, flee from, esca(e&

humanidad, Of&O, humanity&

humano, )a, human, mortal&

humear, to smoke, smolder, steam&

humedecer, to moisten, dam(en, stee(&

h_medo, )a, et, moist, dam(, humid&

humildad, Of&O, humility&

humilde, humble&

humillar, to humbleS Orefl&O, to humble oneselfS to bo don&

humo, Om&O, smoke, va(or, steam, fumes&

humor, Om&O, humorS buen )), good humor, merrimentS de buen )),good)natured, jolly&

hundir, to sink, buryS )) una cuarta de hierro, to bury the s(ursS tos(ur dee(ly&



huracn, Om&O, hurricane, storm&

h_sar, Om&O, hussar&

!

idea, Of&O, idea, thought, (lan, fancy, imagination&

idntico, )a, identical&

idioma, Om&O, language, idiom&

ido, )a, O((& ofO ir, goneS absent&

iglesia, Of&O, church&

Wgneo, )a, of @OorO (ertaining toD fire&

ignorancia, Of&O, ignorance&

ignorantNn, Om&O, great fool&

ignorar, to be ignorant ofS not to knoS Orefl&O, to be unknon&

ignoto, )a, unknon&

igual, equal, like, steady, even, uniformS the sameS Osubst& m&O,(eer&

ijar, Om&O, flank&

iluminar, to illuminate, light u(S to enlighten&

ilusiNn, Of&O, illusion&

ilustre, illustrious&

imagen, Of&O, statue, figure, form, imageS vision&

imaginaciNn, Of&O, imagination, fancy&

imaginario, )a, imaginary&

imaginarse, to imagine&

imbcil, Om&O, imbecile, fool&

imitar, to imitate&

im(aciencia, Of&O, im(atienceS con )), im(atiently&

im(aciente, im(atientS Oadv&O, im(atiently&

im(asible, im(assible, unmoved, motionless&



im(vido, )a, dauntless, intre(id&

im(edir, to hinder&

im(eler, to im(el, urge&

im(enetrable, im(enetrable&

im(erce(tible, im(erce(tible&

im(erial, im(erial&

im(etuoso, )a, im(etuous&

im(iedad, Of&O, im(iety, irreligion&

im(Wo, )a, im(ious&

im(lorar, to im(lore&

im(onente, im(osing, im(ressive&

im(oner, to im(ose&

im(ortancia, Of&O, im(ortance&

im(ortante, im(ortant&

im(ortar, to be of im(ortanceS no

im(orta, no matter&

im(orte, Om&O, value, cost&

im(ortuno, )a, im(ortunate&

im(osible, im(ossible&

im(otencia, Of&O, im(otenceS amenaIas de )), im(otent threats&

im(racticable, im(racticable&

im(recaciNn, Of&O, im(recation, curse&

im(regnar, to im(regnate, saturate, imbue&

im(resiNn, Of&O, im(ression&

im(reso, )a, Oadj& ((& @irr&D ofO im(rimir, im(rinted, stam(ed&

im(rovisar, to im(rovise, etem(oriIe&

im(roviso, )a, une(ectedS de )), suddenly, une(ectedly&

im(ulsar, to im(el&

im(ulso, Om&O, im(ulse, (oer, force, motion, gustS ))s de, moved



by, overcome by&

inagotable, inehaustible

inanimado, )a, inanimate, lifeless& incansable, indefatigable,tireless, uneariedS Oadv&O, tirelessly&

incendiar, to set on fire&

incertidumbre,Of&O, uncertainty, hesitation&

incesante, incessant&

incidente, Om&O, incident, event, e(isode&

incienso, Om&O, incense&

incierto, )a, uncertain, andering, restless&

incitar, to inciteS to ins(ire&

inclinar, to incline, bend overS Orefl&O, to bend don, bo, lean&

incNgnito, Om&O, disguise, incognito&

incNlume, safe, unharmed, in safety&

incomodar, to bother, disturb&

incomodidad,Of&O, inconvenience&

incNmodo, )a, comfortless, retchedS ms vale )) que ninguno, bettercomfortless quarters than none at all&

incom(arable, incom(arable&

incom(rensible, incom(rehensible&

inconcebible, inconceivable&

incontestable, irresistible&

inconveniente, Om&O, objection, inconvenience, im(ro(rietyS no tener)), not to consider im(ro(erS to have no objection&

incor(orarse, to rise, get u(, straighten u(S medias, to sit u(&

incor(Nreo, )a, incor(oreal&

incorregible, incorrigible&

incredulidad, Of&O, incredulity&

incrdulo, )a, incredulous&

increWble, incredible&



indecible, uns(eakable, ineffable&

indeciso, )a, uncertain, indefinite&

indefinable, indefinable&

indescri(tible, indescribable&

indicar, to indicate&

indiferente, indifferent&

indignaciNn, Of&O, indignation&

indiscreciNn, Of&O, indiscretion&

indudablemente, indubitably, unquestionably&

inefable, ineffable, uns(eakable&

inerte, inert, motionless, lifeless&

!ns, Of&O, Agnes, !neI&

ines(erado, )a, une(ected&

ine(licable, ine(licable&

inetinguible, inetinguishable, (er(etual&

infecto, )a, infected, stagnant&

infeliI, unha((y, unfortunate, retchedS eak)mindedS Osubst&O, (oorretch, (oor fello&

infernal, infernal&

infiel, infidelS Osubst& m& (l&O, infidels, =oors, 7aracens&

infiernos, Om& (l&O, infernal regionsS hell&

infinito, )a, infinite&

inflamarse, to catch fire, become inflamed&

influencia, Of&O, influence&

influjo, Om&O, influence&

informe, sha(eless, formless&

infundir, to infuse, ins(ire, instill&

ingenio, Om&O, ingenuity, cleverness, it, mind&

ingenioso, )a, ingenious, clever&



ininteligible, unintelligible&

inmediato, )a, immediate, net, adjacent, very near&

inmensidad, Of&O, immensity&

inmenso, )a, immense&

inmortal, immortal&

inmNvil, motionless&

iumovilidad, Of&O, immobility&

inocencia, Of&O, innocence&

inocentada, Of&O, @Ocoll&OD foolishness, foolish s(eech @OorO actionD&

inocente, innocent, sim(le&

inquietar, to trouble, disquiet, make anious, disturb&

inquieto, )a, restless, shifting, anious, disquieting&

inquietud, Of&O, restlessness, aniety&

inquirir, to inquire&

inscri(ciNn, Of&O, inscri(tion&

insecto, Om&O, insect&

inseguro, )a, unsteady&

inse(ulto, )a, unburied&

insignificante, insignificant&

insistencia, Of&O, urgency, insistence&

insistir, to urge, (ersist, insist&

insolente, insolent&

insNlito, )a, unusual, unaccustomed&

insomnio, Om&O, insomnia&

inso(ortable, insufferable&

insostenible, indefensible, intolerable, unbearable&

ins(iraciNn, Of&O, ins(iration&

ins(irar, to ins(ire&

instancia, Of&O, entreaty&



instantaneamente, instantly&

instante, Om&O, moment, instantS (or))s, for some moments&

instintivamente, instinctively&

instrucciNn, Of&O, instruction, direction&

instrumento, Om&O, instrument, tool&

insufrible, intolerable, insufferable&

insulso, )a, insi(id, dull, flat&

insulto, Om&O, insult&

intangible, intangible&

inteligencia, Of&O, intelligence, com(rehension&

inteligente, skillfulS Osubst& mO, clever man&

intem(erie, Of&O, inclemency @of the& eatherD&

intenciNn, Of&O, intention, meaning, allusionS con )), on (ur(oseS(ur(osely, designedly&

intensidad, Of&O, intensity&

intenso, )a, intense&

intentar, to try, attem(t, intend, mean, be about to&

inters, Om&O, interest, concern&

interesar, to interestS )) se con, to be interested in&

interior, OmO, interior&

interiormente, inardly, to oneself&

interlocutor, Om&O, questioner, interlocutor&

interminable, interminable, endless&

internarse, to enter, (enetrate&

interno, )a, internal&

inter(elado, O subst& m&O, man @OorO oneD interrogated @OorOquestionedD&

inter(retar, to inter(ret, e(lain&

interrogaciNn, Of&O, question, interrogation&



interrum(ir, to interru(t, break&

intersticio, Om&O, interstice, crack&

intervalo, Om&O, interval&

intimamente, intimately&

intimidar, to intimidate&

intranquilo, )a, restless, moving, shifting&

intrincado, )a, intricate, obscure&

introducciNn, OfO, introduction&

introito, Om&O, @Oeccl&OD introit, a (salm or anthem sung immediatelybefore the communion or mass&

intruso, OmO, intruder&

inundar, to inundate&

in_til, useless, needless, unnecessary&

in_tilmente, uselessly, in vain&

invadir, to invade&

invencible, invincible, irresistible, unconquerable&

invierno, Om&O, inter&

invisible, invisible&

invitaciNn, Of&O, invitation&

invocar, to invoke&

involuntariamente, involuntarily&

involuntario, )a, involuntary&

inyectar, to inject, fill&

xUigo, Om&O, !gnatius&

ir, to goS to beS )a(roimando, to a((roachS ))subiendo de, toincrease, kee( increasingS vamos, let us goS come, ell, indeedS\vayaQ ellQ comeQ indeedQ nonsenseQ Orefl&O, to go aay, go off,esca(e&

ira, Of&O, rath, rage&

iris, Om&O, irisS arco)), rainbo&

ironWa, Of&O, irony&



irrealiIable, im(ossible @of realiIationD&

irrecusable, irrefutable&

irresolute, )a, irresolute, undecided, avering&

irritar, to irritate&

iIquierdo, )a, left&

-

\jQ haQ

jabalW, Om&O, ild boar&

jacinto, Om&O, hyacinth&

jadeante, (anting, out of breath&

jambs, never, ever&

jaramago, Om&O, hedge)mustard&

jarana, Of&O, scuffle, contest&

jardWn, Om&O, garden&

jaurWa, Of&O, hounds, (ack of dogs&

jaImin, Om&O, jasmine&

jefe, Om&O, chief, leader&

jerarquWa, Of&O, hierarchy&

-esucristo, Om&O, -esus :hrist&

-esus, Om&O, -esusS \))Q LordQ goodnessQ

jifero, Om&O, butcher&

jilguero, Om&O, linnet&

jinete, Om&O, rider, horsemanS Oused as adj&O, mounted @de, onD,astride&

jirNn, Om&O, tatter, bit, scra(S flag, (ennant&

jornada, Of&O, day?s march @OorO journeyDS journeyS act&

-ose, Om&O, -ose(h&

joven, youngS Osubst, m& and f&O, young man, young oman, boy, girl,



youth&

joya, Of&O, jeel, brooch, small ornament @usually orn about theneckD&

j_bilo, Om&O, joy, rejoicing&

jubNn, Om&O, doublet&

juego, Om&O, (lay, game, amusement, s(ort, trick&

jueI, Om&O, judge&

jugar, to (lay&

juglar, Om&O, juggler, minstrel, conjurer&

juguete, Om&O, toy, s(ort&

juguetear, to trifle, s(ort, dally, frolic&

juguetNn, (layful, s(ortive&

juicio, Om&O, judgment, sense, trial&

junco, Om&O, reed, rush&

juntar, to join, clas(, unite&

junto, )a, united, together, joined, @O(l&OD side by sideS (re(&, )),near, near to, close, at the side of, beside&

juramento, Om&O, oath&

jurar, to sear, vo&

justicia, Of&O, justiceS hacer)), to eecute&

justillo, Om&O, jacket, jerkin, doublet&

justo, )a, just, eact, holy, righteous&

juventud, Of&O, youth&

juIgar, to judge, think, consider, believe&

L

la, the&

la, her, to herS that, that oneS O(l&O, them, thoseS @one?sD tricksS@one?sD doings @OorO deedsDS como las gasta, ho he actsS ho hecom(orts himselfS hat his tricks areS las relataban, ould tell ofhis deeds&



laberinto, Om&O, labyrinth&

labio, Om&O, li(&

labrador, Om&O, farmer&

labrar, to till, cultivate&

ladera, Of&O, declivity&

lado, Om&O, side, directionS (or su)), on one?s on accountS forone)selfS as far as he @OorO sheD is @OorO asD concernedS (or todos))s, in all directionsS al))tuyo, at your side&

ladrar, to bark&

ladrido, Om&O, bark, barking&

lago, Om&O, lake&

lgrima, Of&O, tear&

lagrimNn, Om&O, large tear&

lamentaciNn, Of&O, lamentation&

lamento, Om&O, lament, moaning, (laint, com(laint&

lamer, to la(&

lm(ara, Of&O, lam(, light&

lance, Om&O, case, incident, occurrence, critical moment&

languideI, Of&O, languor, tor(or&

lnguido, )a, languid&

lanIa, Of&O, lance&

lanIar, to hurl, cast, emit, dartS re Of&O, to rush forth, dart out, becast @OorO hurledDS to jum(, s(ring, sing oneself&

largo, )a, long, (rolonged, large, broadS lo))de, along, the lengthofS Oadv&O, long&

larva, Of&O, larva, hobgoblin, s(rite&

lstima, Of&O, (ity, com(assionS \ Q hat a (ityQ it?s a (ityS toobadQ es @unaD)), it is a (ity&

lastimero, )a, (iteous, sad, doleful, mournful&

latido, Om&O, (al(itation, beat&

latin, Om&O, Latin&



latir, to beat, (al(itateS to bark, yel(S Osubst&O Om&O, bark@sD,barking&

laudable, laudable, (raiseorthy&

lava, Of&O, lava&

lavar, to ash, lave&

LIaro, Om&O, LaIarus&

laIo, Om&O, tie, bond, fetter&

le, him, to him, to her, you, to you, it&

lebrel, Om&O, greyhound&

lecciNn, Of&O, lesson&

lector, Om&O, reader&

leche, f, milk&

lecho, Om&O, bed, couch&

leer, to read&

lgamo, Om&O, mud, slime&

legiNn, Of&O, legion&

legua, Of&O, league, about four miles&

lejano, )a, distant, remote&

legos, far, afar, far offS lo )), at a distance, afar, far offS inthe distanceS desde )), from a distance&

lengua, Of&O, tongue, language&

lenguaje, Om&O, language, s(eech&

lentamente, sloly&

lentisco, Om&O, lentiscus, mastic, a lo, shrubby tree, groing u(onthe islands and coasts of the =editerranean&

lentitud, Of&O, slonessS con )), sloly&

lento, )a, slo&

letra, Of&O, letterS O(l&O, letters, ords&

levadiIo, )a, raisableS (uente )), drabridge&

levantar, to raiseS )) el vuelo, to rise in flight, Orefl&O, to arise,raise oneself, rise, get u(&



leve, light, slight, trifling, gay&

ley, Of&O, laS cartas leyes, summons&

leyenda, Of&O, legendS inscri(tion&

liar, to tie, bindS Orefl&O, to entine about, to bind oneself&

libaciNn, Of&O, libation&

liblula, Of&O, libellula, dragon)fly&

libertad, Of&O, liberty, freedom&

libertar, to free, liberate, (rotect&

librar, to deliver, (reserve&

libre, free&

libro, Om&O, book&

licencioso, )a, licentious&

licor, Om&O, liquor, ine&

lienIo, Om&O, linen, linen cloth @OorO veilDS curtain&

ligar, to render im(otent by charms or s(ells&

ligeramente, lightly, slightly&

ligereIa, Of&O, lightness, agility&

ligerfsimo, )a, Oabs& su(er& ofO ligero, very @OorO etremelyD light@trifling OorO insignificantD&

ligero, )a, light, slight, thin, quick, sift, fleeting&

lima, Of&O, file&

limbo, Om&O, border&

limitar, to limit, confine&

limite, Om&O, limit, confines, bounds, boundary&

limosnero, )a, charitable&

lim(iar, to i(e&

lim(ideI, Of&O, lim(idity&

lim(ido, )a, lim(id, clear, (ure&

lindo, )a, handsome, (retty, nice&



linea, Of&O, lineS )) divisoria, boundary&

lino, Om&O, canvas, linen&

linterna, Of&O, lantern&

lira, Of&O, lyre&

lirio, Om&O, iris, lily&

lisonjero, )a, flattering&

lista, Of&O, shred, (atch&

litera, Of&O, litter&

literario, )a, literary&

lo, the&

lo, it, him&

lo, thatS )) que, that hich, hat, hateverS ))s que, those ho @OorOhichD&

lobo, Om&O, olf&

lNbrego, )a, dark, obscure, gloomy&

local, Om&O, (lace, site&

loco, )a, ild, hilarious, mad, foolish, O subst& m& and f&O, madman,mad oman @OorO girlDS cada )) con su tema, everybody @Olit&O everyfoolD has his hobby&

locuela, Of&O, madca(&

locura, Of&O, madness&

lograr, to bring about, succeed&

loma, Of&O, hill, hillock&

lomo, Om&O, backS O(l&O, backS ))s de, on the back of&

longanimidad, Of&O, longanimity, long)suffering, long)sufferance&

lonjista, Om&O, grocer, sho(kee(er&

lontananIa, Of&O, distanceS en )), in the distanceS afar @offD&

loor, Om&O, @O(oet&OD (raise&

Lo(e, Om&O, @O7(an&OD Lo(e @from Lu(usD&

losa, Of&O, flag, flagstoneS slab&



lNbrico, )a, led, vile&

lucido, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO lucir, brilliant, magnificent&

lucirnaga, Of&O, glo)orm, firefly&

Lucifer, Om&O, Lucifer, 7atan&

lucir, to shine, be @OorO becomeD brightS to dis(lay, ear&

lucha, Of&O, strife, struggle, contest, battle&

luchar, to strive, struggle&

luego, then, (resently, immediately, no, at onceS desde )), at once,straightay, thereu(on, immediately&

luengo, )a, long&

lugar, Om&O, (lace, ton, village, s(ot, region, areaS time,o((ortunityS dar )), to give rise, give (laceS dejar )), to give(laceS tener )), to ha((en, take (lace&

lugubre, mournful, lugubrious&

lujo, Om&O, luury&

lujosisimo, )a, Oabs& su(er& ofO lujoso, very @OorO mostD luurious&

lujoso, )a, luurious, lavish&

lumbre, Of&O, fire&

luminoso, )a, luminous, of light, ith a halo of light&

luna, Of&O, moonS noche de)), moonlight night&

luto, Om&O, mourning&

luI, Of&O, lightS dar la)), to give birth toS dos dedos de)), a thinstreak of light&

Ll

llama, Of&O, flame&

llamar, to call, beckon, knockS )) la (uerta, to knock @at thedoorDS )) la atenciNn, to attract the attentionS Orefl&O, to becalled, be named&

llamear, to flame, gleam, shine&

llano, Om&O, (lainS (or montes y )s, over hill and dale&

llanto, Om&O, cryS flood of tearsS tears&



llanura, Of&O, (lain&

llave, Of&O, key&

llegada, OfO, arrival&

llegar, to arrive, come, come to a @certainD (oint, go so far as, go,

reachS )) , to reach, arrive at, succeed in, go so far as toS llegu tener miedo, ! finally became afraidS )) y besar el santo, tosucceed in a brief s(ace of timeS to find good fortune quickly&

llenar, to fillS Orefl&O, to be filled&

lleno, )a, full, covered @ithD&

llevar, to take, bear, su((ort, get, carry, (lace, (ut, raise, bring,lead, take aay, dra on, attractS to earS )) cabo, to eecute,carry out, bring to a successful conclusion, terminate successfullyS)) del diestro, to lead @by the halter or bridleDS )) trmino, tosucceed, carry out, (erform&

llorar, to cry, ee(, ee( for, mourn, grieveS nos amanecWa llorando,dan found us ee(ing llorNn, tearful, him(ering, lachrymose, givento ee(ing, a(t to shed tears&

llover, to rain&

lluvia,OfO, rain, shoer&

=

maciIo, )a, massive&

machNn, Om&O, buttress, counter)fort&

madera& Of&O, ood, oodork&

madre, Of&O, mother&

madreselva, OfO, honeysuckle&

maese, Om& @obsoleteD O, master&

maestro, Om&O, master, teacherS de ca(illa, choir)master, one hocom(oses and directs church music&

magnate, Om&O, magnate&

magnWfico, )a, magnificent&

majaderfa, OfO, absurd @OorO foolishD s(eechS nonsense&

majestad, OfO, majesty&

majestuoso, )a, majestic&



mal, Oadj&O 7ee maloS Oadv&O, badly, (oorlyS Osubst& m&O, evil, ill,s(ell, evil act @OorO s(eechDS hacer )) de ojo, to cast the evil eyeSquien @enD )) anda, @enD )) acaba, a bad beginning makes a bad ending&

maldad,Of&O, ickedness, icked act&

maldecir, to revile, curse&

maldiciNn, Of&O, malediction, curse&

maldito, )a, Oadj& ((& @irr&D ofO maldecir, accursed&

maleficio, Om&O, enchantment&

malestar, Om&O, uneasiness&

maleIa, Of&O, thicket, brakeS underbrush malhechor, Om&O, malefactor,criminal&

maliciar, to sus(ect&

malicioso, )a, mischievous, sly, roguish, malicious, evil)minded&

maligno, )a, malignant, evil&

malo, )a, bad, (oor, ill, evil, orthless, icked&

malla, Of&O, @coat ofD mail&

manada, Of&O, herd, flock, (ack&

mancebo, Om&O, boy, youth, young man&

mancha, Of&O, s(ot&

manchar, to stain&

mandar, to order, command, send ordersS to sendS )) com(arecer, tosummon @to a((earD mandoble, Om&O, to)handed sord, broadsord&

manejar, to handle, ield&

manera, Of&O, manner, ayS de todas ))s, at all events, at any rate&

manga, Of&O, sleeveS ))s (erdidas, loose hanging sleeves&

mango, Om&O, handle&

manjar, Om&O, dish, tidbitS O(l&O, food&

mano, Of&O, handS de ))s & boca, all of a suddenS une(ectedlyS echar)) de, to lay hands u(on, take (ossession ofS entre sus ))s, in hishandsS tomar )) en ello, to take it in hand @OorO a hand in itD&

manojo, Om&O, bundle, bunch, bouquet&



mansedumbre, Of&O, meekness, humility&

manso, )a, meek, soft, gentle, mild&

mantener, to maintain, kee(S Orefl&O, to remain, continue, stay, be&

manto, Om&O, cloak&

mafia, Of&O, (ains, care, skillS evil custom, evil ay&

maUana, Of&O, morningS de la noche ] la )), all of a sudden, hen@youD least e(ected @itDS Oadv&O, to)morro&

maquinalmente, mechanically&

mar, Om&O or Of&O, sea&

maravilla, Of&O, marvel, onder, miracle&

maravillar, to astonish, be astonished, onder, marvel&

maravilloso, )a, marvelous&

marcar, to mark, designate, stain&

marcial, martial, arlike&

marchar, to march, alk, go, advanceS marchando de sor(resa ensor(resa, ever more and more sur(risedS Orefl&O, to get off @OorOaayDS to esca(e&

marchito, )a, ithered, faded&

marfil, Om&O, ivory&

margarita Of&O, daisy&

margen, Of&O, margin, bank, border, edge&

=arWa, Of&O, =ary&

marido, Om&O, husband&

mari(osa, Of&O, butterfly&

mrmol, Om&O, marbleS O(l&O marble, marbles&

marmNreo, )a, marble, of marble&

marqus, Om&O, marquis&

martillo, Om&O, hammer&

mrtir, Om&O, martyr&

martirio, Om&O, martyrdomS O(l&O, martyrdom&



mas, but, hoever&

ms, Oadv&O, more, mostS )) bien, ratherS )) andar, at full s(eedS )) de, besidesS )) y mejor, the best they couldS the most (ossibleSvying ith one anotherS mientras ))&&&)), the more &&, the moreS en lo)) mWnimo, in the leastS lo )) (osible, as much as (ossibleS )) que,more than, other than, ece(t, butS no )) que, no more than, no other

thanS onlyS no )) @OforO no )) queD, onlyS (or )) que, hoever muchSes(ecially sinceS althoughS que no haya )) que oir, that nothing elsecan be heardS )) que de (risa @Olit&O, more than ra(idlyD, as ra(idlyas (ossibleS sobre )) N menos, more or lessS a((roimately, nearly,about&

masa, Of&O, mass&

mascara, Of&O, mask&

mata, Of&O, shrub, bush, underbrushS a(iUadas ))s, tangled @OorOdenseD shrubbery @OorO underbrushD&

matar, to kill&

material, material, cor(oreal, (hysical&

matiIar, to color, adorn, tint, (aint&

matojo, Om&O, bush&

matorral, Om&O, field of bramblesS thicketS O(l&O, brambles, briers,thicket&

matrimonio, Om&O, marriage, matrimony&

=ayo, Om&O, =ay&

mayor, greater, older, elder, better, best, greatestS main, chief,(rinci(alS Osubst& m& (l&O, eldersS ancestors&

me, me, to me&

mecer, to rock, sing, sayS Orefl&O, to balance oneselfS to sing,say, hover, stir, shake&

mediante, by means ofS in consideration ofS for&

mediar, to be @OorO comeD beteenS to intervene&

mdico, Om&O, doctor&

medida, Of&O, measure, (ro(ortionS )))) que, in (ro(ortion as&

medio, )a, half, mid, middleS )) abrir, half o(enS la media hora,ithin half an hourS media voI, in a lo toneS medias, halfS medianoche, midnightS Oadv&O, half, (artiallyS Osubst& m&O, middle, means,ay, midst, medium, intermediaryS de )) )), com(letelyS en )) de, inthe midst ofS beteenS (or en )) de, through the midst ofS through&



medir, to measureS to com(areS )se con los ojos, to scan each other&

meditar, to meditate&

medroso, )a, fearful, frightful&

mdula& Of&O, marro&

mejilla, Of&O, cheek&

mejor, Ocom(&O of bueno, better, bestS Oadv&O, better, bestS (or ))decir, in other ordsS N )) dicho, or ratherS ratherS mas y )),best they couldS the most (ossibleS vying ith one another&

melancolWa, Of&O, melancholy&

melancolWco, )a, melancholy, gloomy, sad&

melodWa, Of&O, melody&

memoria, Of&O, memory, memorialS de )), by heartS hacer )) de, torememberS traer la )), to bring to the memoryS to remind&

menor, minor, lesserS el )), the least&

menos, Oadv&O, less, leastS ece(t, ith the ece(tion ofS lo )), atleastS al )), at leastS la cosa no era (ara )), nothing less could bee(ectedS no (oder @(orD )) de, not to be able to hel(S sobre ms N)), more or lessS a((roimately, nearly, aboutS vuelven )) de los quevan, feer return than go&

mente, Of&O, mind&

mentecato, )a, silly, foolish, stu(idS Osubst& m&O, fool&

mentira, Of&O, lie&

menudo, )a, slight, common, small, light, gentle, slender, shortSgente menuda, servants, domestics, de(endants&

merced, Of&O, grace, gift, favor, thanksS )) , thanks to&

merecer, to merit, deserveS to obtain&

mrito, Om&O, merit, orth&

mes, Om&O, month&

mesa, Of&O, table&

mesar, to (luck @outDS to tear&

meseta, Of&O, landingS table)land, (lateau&

metal, Om&O, metal&

metlico, )a, metallic&



meteoro, Om&O, meteor&

meIcla, Of&O, miture&

meIclar, to mi, mingleS Orefl&O, to be mingledS to meddle&

meIquino, )a, (oor, little, trifling, mean, retched&

miedo, Om&O, fearS tener)), to be afraid&

miembro, Om&O, limb, member&

mientras, hile, hilst, hen, as long asS ))que, hile, hereasS))ms&&& ms, the more&&& the more&

mies, Of&O, heatS O(l&O, harvests, cro(s&

mi, my&

mW, me&

mil, thousand, a thousand, one thousand, ten hundred&

milagro, Om&O, miracle&

milagroso, )a, marvelous, miraculous&

milicias, Of&OO(l&O, militiaS army, host@sD&

militar, Om&O, soldier&

millar, Om&O, thousand&

millNn, Om&O, million&

mWnimo, )a, leastS en lo ms)), in the least&

ministril, Om&O, a((aritor, beadleS (etty officer&

ministro, Om&O, minister&

minucioso, )a, minute, detailed&

minuto, Om&O, minuteS los cinco ))s, ithin five minutesS los(ocos ))s, in @OorO ithinD a fe minutes&

mWo, )a, mine, myS el)), la mWa, mine&

mirada, Of&O, glance, lookS tender una)), to take a lookS to lookS toglance&

mirador, Om&O, mirador, belvedere, oriel, lookout, observatory&

mirar, to look, look at, gaIe atS to seeS ))se entre si, to look ateach other @OorO one anotherD&



misa, Of&O, massS =isa del Gallo, midnight mass on :hristmas eve&

miseria, Of&O, (overty, (enuryS orthlessness, destitution&

misericordia, Of&O, mercy&

mismo, )a, same, self, veryS de un )) rey, of @one andD the same king&

misterio, Om&O, mystery, secret&

misterioso, )a, mysterious&

misticismo, Om&O, mysticism&

mistico, )a, mystic&

mitad, Of&O, middle, midstS half&

mitra, Of&O, miter&

modesto, )a, modest&

modo, Om&O, manner, ayS de este)), in this mannerS as follosSde))que, so thatS de tal)), in such a ayS so ellS de todos))s, atall events, at any rate, hoever&

mofa, Of&O, mockery, scorn&

mofarse, to scoff, mock, make fun of&

molestar, to disturb, molest&

molesto, )a, disagreeable, veing, veatious&

molido, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO moler, tired, fatigued&

momentneo, )a, momentary&

momento, Om&O, momentS consequenceS ))s antes&&&, a fe momentsbefore&&

monarca, Om&O, monarch, king&

monasterio, Om&O, monastery&

monja, Of&O, nun&

monje, Om&O, monk&

mono, Om&O, monkey, a(eS hacer ))s, to (lay tricks, do onderful @OorOamusingD feats&

monNtono, )a, monotonous&

monserga, Of&O, gabble, gibberish, confused language&

mNnstruo, Om&O, monster&



monstruoso, )a, monstrous&

montante, PT&&, broadsord&

montaUa, Of&O, mountain&

montar, to mount, go u(, get onS )) nuevamente, to remount&

monte, Om&O, mountainS cuchillo de )), hunting)knife, hunter?scutlassS (or ))s y llanos, over hill and dale&

montero, Om&O, hunter, huntsman&

montura, OfO, saddle&

morado, )a, violet, mauve)colored&

morador, Om&O, inhabitant&

moral, Om&O, morale, moral condition @state OorO organiIationD&

morar, to dell, reside&

mNrbido, )a, soft, mello, rich, subdued, delicate&

morder, to bite, eat into, cut, abrade, (rick, gna&

moreno, )a, dark&

moribundo, )a, dying, faint, fainting&

morir, to die, e(ire, die outS Orefl&O, to die, die aay, (ass aay&

morisco, )a, =oorish, of @OorO (ertaining toD the =oors&

moro, Om&O, =oor&

mortal, mortal, fatalS st& Om&O, mortal&

mortuorio, mortuary&

mosca, Of&O, fly&

moscardNn, Om&O, large fly, horse)fly, gadfly&

mostrar, to shoS Orefl&O, to sho oneself, a((ear, be&

mote, Om&O, motto, heading&

motete, Om&O, motet, a sacred musical com(osition&

mover, to moveS )) guerra, to make arS Orefl&O, to move&

movimiento, Om&O, movement, motion, commotionS )) de cabeIa, nod @ofthe headD&



moIo, Om&O, boy, youth, lad, young man&

muchacha, Of&O, girl&

muchacho, Om&O, boy, lad&

muchedumbre, Of&O, crod, multitude&

mucho, )a, muchS O(l&O, manyS (or ))s que, hoever manyS Oadv&O, much,very, greatly&

mudable, changeable, fickle&

mudo, )a, mute, silent, s(eechless, dumb&

muerte, Of&O, deathS )), to the deathS herir de )), to strike dead&

muerto, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO morir, died, deadS los ))s, the deadS\muerto estQ he is a dead boarQ

muestra, Of&O, (roof, demonstration, mark, sign&

mugir, to roar, rumble&

mujer, Of&O, oman, ife&

mula, Of&O, mule&

mulo, Om&O, mule&

multi(licarse, to multi(ly, be multi(lied, increase&

multitud, Of&O, multitude, crod, great number&

mundano, )a, mundane, orldly&

mundo, Om&O, orldS crod, multitudeS societyS (or el )), in societySoutS (or esos ))s, into the orld at largeS todo el )), everybodyStodo un )), a hole orldS a great multitude&

muralla, Of&O, ram(art, all&

murir, to die&

murmullo, Om&O, murmur&

murmuraciNn, Of&O, murmur, rumorS slander, gossi(&

murmurador, murmuring&

murmurar, to murmurS Orefl&O, to be murmured @rumored OorO re(ortedD&

muro, Om&O, all&

m_sculo, Om&O, muscle&

musgo, Om&O, moss&



musgoso, )a, mossy, covered ith moss, moss)covered&

m_sica, Of&O, musicS O(l&O, music, musical notes @OorO soundsD&

mustio, )a, sad, sorroful&

mutuamente, mutuallyS each other&

mutuo, )a, mutual&

muy, very, very much, quite&

"

ncar, Om&O, nacre, (earl, mother)of)(earl&

nacer, to be born&

naciente, rising, on)coming, falling&

nacimiento, Om&O, birth, rise&

naciNn, Of&O, nation&

nada, nothingS \))Q not at allS by no meansS no indeedS never mindS itmakes no differenceS \)), ))Q @Oan eclamation of denial or refusalOD,nothing else ill doS no &&& )), nothingS not anythingS en )), in anyres(ectS at allS )) menos, nothing lessS (ara )), in any res(ectS atallS (ues )), but noS not so&

nadar, to sim, float&

nadie, no one, nobodyS some one, somebody&

nariI, Of&O, nose, nostrilsS reirse en la )), to laugh in one?s face&

narraciNn, Of&O, narration, story&

narrador, Om&O, narrator&

narrar, to relate, tell&

natural, naturalS native&

naturaleIa, Of&O, nature&

naturalmente, naturally, by nature&

navaja, Of&O, knife, clas()knife&

nave, Of&O, naveS O(l&O, nave and aisles&

nebuloso, )a, misty, cloudy&



necedad, Of&O, stu(idity, folly&

necesitado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO necesitar, neededS needing, needy, inneed @de, ofD&

necesitar, to need, be in need of, ant, lack, be necessary&

negro, )a, black, dark&

nervioso, )a, nervous&

ni, neither, nor, not even, nor evenS even, orS )) aun, not evenS ))&&& tam(oco, nor && eitherS no &&& )), not &&& evenS )) &&& )),neither &&& norS )) tan siquiera, not even, not so much as&

nicho& Om&O, niche, hole, grave&

nido, Om&O, nest&

niebla, Of&O, mist, fog, cloud&

nieto, Om&O, grandchild&

nieve, Of&O, sno* O(lO, sno&

ninguno @OorO ninghnD, )a, no, noneS any, any oneS eitherS )) @de losdosD, neither @of usDS no &&& )), none, not any&

niUa, Of&O, child, girl&

niUeI, Of&O, childhood&

niUo, Om&O, child, boyS muy desde))since @OorO fromD early boyhood&

no, not, noS )) ms @OforO )) ms queD, onlyS )) (oder @(orD menos de,not to be able to hel(S )) que, hile, hilstS como )) sea, unless itbeS )) sea que, lest, for fearS )) &&& ya @OorO ya &&& ))D, no longer&

noble, nobleS Osubst&O Om&O, noble, lord&

nobleIa, Of&O, nobility&

nocturno, )a, nocturnal&

noche, Of&O, night, eveningS en la alta)), in the dead of nightS lateat nightS "oche)Buena, :hristmas eveS mass of :hristmas eveS de )) ydWa, night and dayS esta )) (asada, last nightS la )) habWa cerrado,

the night had come @OorO fallenDS night had closed in @around himDS\hasta la ))Q @good)byD till to)nightS goodbyS )) de luna, moonlightnightS de la )) la maUana, all of a sudden, hen @youD leaste(ected @itDS media )), midnightS (or las ))s, in the nightS atnightS una )) y otra, night after night&

nombre, Om&O, nameS sin )), namelessS boundless, indescribable&

noria, Of&O, sakieh, a kind of machine for raising ater from ellsetc&, consisting of to heels, one horiIontal and one vertical, and



of an endless chain armed ith cu(s @or bucketsD&

nos, e, us, ourselves, each other, one anotherS to us, to ourselves&

nosotros,)as, e, us&

nota, Of&O, note, tone, tune& notable, remarkable&

notar, to note, notice, observeS Orefl&O, to be noticed @OorOnoticeableD&

noticia, Of&O, notice, nes, informationS tener )) de, to be informedof&

notificar, to notify&

novedad, Of&O, novelty, nes, fad, innovation&

novia, Of&O, bride, nely married ife&

novicia, Of&O, novice&

nube, Of&O, cloud, film, crodS )) de sangre, bloody film&

nublar @OforO anublarD, to cloud, darken&

nuestro, )a, our, oursS el )), la nuestra, ours&

nueva, Of&O, nes&

nuevamente, ane, againS montar )), to remount&

nueve, nine&

nuevo, )a, ne, recently arrived, unacquaintedS de )), again, ane&

n_mero, Om&O, number&

numeroso, )a, numerous&

nunca, never, everS no &&& )), neverS not at all, by no means&

%

N, or, eitherS )) bien, or, or elseS bien &&& )), hether &&& orS

either &&& or&

obedecer, to obey, yield to&

obediente, obedient&

obis(o, Om&O, bisho(&

objetar, to object, o((ose&



objeto, Om&O, object, (ur(ose&

obligaciNn, Of&O, obligation&

obligado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO obligar, obligedS necessary, unavoidable,indis(ensable, natural&

obra, Of&O, orkS matterS )) de, at @OorO ofD about, aboutS como ))de, a matter ofS aboutS (oner (or )), to carry out, eecute&

obscurecer, to obscure, blind, darken, gro darkS Orefl&O, to grodark, be @OorO becomeD darkS to go out&

obscuridad, Of&O, obscurity, gloom&

obscuro, )a, dark, obscure&

observar, to observe&

obstculo, Om&O, obstacle&

obstante* no )), nevertheless, notithstanding&

obstinado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO obstinarse, obstinate, obdurate&

obtener, to obtain, secure, bring about&

ocasiNn, Of&O, occasion, o((ortunity, juncture&

ocaso, Om&O, est&

occidente, Om&O, est&

ocano, Om&O, ocean, sea&

ocio, Om&O, leisure&

ocioso, )a, idle, unoccu(ied, bored&

octava, Of&O, octave, eight)day celebration of a religious festival&

ocultar, to hide, conceal&

oculto, )a, hidden, concealed, secret&

ocu(aciNn, Of&O, occu(ation&

ocu(ar, to fill, occu(y, take (ossession of, busyS Orefl&O, to busyoneself, be busy&

ocurrencia, Of&O, sally, flash of it&

ocurrir, to ha((en, occur&

ofender, to offend&

ofertorio, Om&O, offertory&



oficial, Om&O, official, officer&

oficiar, to officiate&

oficio, Om&O, trade, business, occu(ation, service, office, craft,(rofession&

oficioso, )a, officious&

ofrecer, to offer, (resentS Orefl&O, to (resent itself, a((ear&

ofrenda, Of&O, offering&

\ohQ, ohQ

oWdo, Om&O, hearing, earS (restar el )), to (ay attentionS to listen@carefullyD&

oir, to hearS )) , to hear fromS estuve oyendo, ! ke(t hearingS que

no haya ms que )), that nothing else can be heardS Orefl&O, to beheard, be audible&

ojeada, Of&O, glance, look&

ojeo, Om&O, battue, beating for gameS que hacWan seUales de )), hichere bloing to start u( the game&

ojiva, Of&O, Gothic @OorO (ointedD indo&

ojival, ogival, characteriIed by the (ointed arch&

ojo, Om&O, eyeS darse de )), to cons(ire, have a secret understandingSen un abrir y cerrar de ))s, in the tinkling of an eyeS in aninstantS hacer mal de )), to cast the evil eyeS medirse con los ))s,to scan each other&

ola, Of&O, ave&

olmo, Om&O, elm&

olor, Om&O, odorS tener en )) de santidad, to hold @OorO considerD asa saint&

olvidar, to forget&

olvido, Om&O, oblivion, forgetfulness&

omni(otencia, Of&O, omni(otence&

onda, Of&O, ave&

ondina, Of&O, undine, ater)s(rite&

ondulante, rolling&

ondular, to undulate&



o(eraciNn, Of&O, o(eration, act&

o(onerse, to o((ose&

o(rimir, to o((ress, (ress, clas(&

o(uesto, )a, o((osite&

o(ulento, )a, rich, o(ulent&

ora, noS )) &&& )), no &&& no @OorO againD&

oraciNn, Of&O, (rayer, orison, adorationS la )), to (rayers&

orden, Om&O, order, regularity, decorumS Of&O, order, command,insignia&

ordenar, to order, command, lay u(onS to organiIe&

oreja, Of&O, auricle, ear&

organista, Om&O, organist&

Nrgano, Om&O, organ&

orgWa, Of&O, orgy, revelry, revel&

orgullo, Om&O, (ride&

orgulloso, )a, (roud, haughty&

origen, Om&O, origin, cause, birth, descent&

original, originalS Osubst& m&O, original&

orilla, Of&O, bank, shore&

orWn, Om&O, rust&

orla, Of&O, border, fringe, edge&

orlar, to border&

ornar, to adorn&

oro, Om&O, gold&

os, you, to you&

osar, to dare&

oscilar, to oscillate, hover, say&

ostracismo, Om&O, ostracism&

otoUo, Om&O, autumn&



otro, )a, other, another, else, netS alguno que )), here and thereoneS a very feS someS el )) dWa, the net dayS un dWa y )), day afterdayS constantlyS en ))s dWas, in other @OorO formerD daysS once,formerlyS una noche y )), night after nightS @elD uno y @elD )), bothSotras tantas @vecesD, as many @timesDS otra veI, againS una veI yotra, again and again&

ovalado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO ovalar, oval&

oveja, Of&O, shee(, ee&

P

(abellNn, Om&O, tent @or cano(yDS boer

(bulo, Om&O, food, su((ort, aid&

(acer, to graIe, (asture&

(aciencia, Of&O, (atience&

(aciente, (atient&

(acifico, )a, (eaceful, (acific&

(adecer, to be afflicted&

(adre, Om&O, fatherS O(l&O, (arentsS ancestors&

(agar, to (ay, (ay for, re(ay&

(gina, Of&O, (age&

(ago, Om&O, (ayment, recom(ense&

(aWs, Om&O, country&

(aja, Of&O, stra&?

(jaro, Om&O, bird, s(arroS O(l&O, birds&

(aje, Om&O, (age&

(alabra, Of&O, ordS dirigir la )) , to address, s(eakS tomar la )),

to s(eak&

(alacio, (alacio, Om&O, (alace&

(alafrn, Om&O, (alfrey&

(alafrenero, Om&O, groom&

(alideI, Of&O, (allor, (aleness&



(lido, )a, (ale&

(alma, Of&O, (almS batir las ))s, to cla( the hands&

(almera, Of&O, (alm&

(almo, Om&O, s(anS cuatro ))s, a small s(ace&

(alo, Om&O, stick, oodS dar de ))s, to beat, give a beatingS tocudgel&

(aloma, Of&O, (igeon, dove&

(al(ar, to feel, touch&

(al(itar, to (al(itate, quiver&

(an, Om&O, bread, loaf of bread&

(andero, Om&O, tambourine&

(aUo, Om&O, cloth, table)cloth&

Pa(a, Om&O, (o(e&

(a(el, Om&O, (a(er&

(ar, equal, likeS al )), at the same timeS ithout distinctionS alikeSequallyS )) de, the same as, likeS near, by, atS together ith, atthe same time ithS al )) de, like, asS at the same time ithS de ))en )) abierto, ide o(enS Osubst& m&O, (air, cou(le&

(ara, for, to, in order toS )) con, to, amongstS estar )), to be abouttoS la cosa no era )) menos, nothing less could be e(ectedS )) nada,in any @OorO noD res(ectS at allS )) que, so that, in order thatS nohay )) qu decir que se fastidiaban, it is needless to say they ereboredS )) queR hereforeR hyR for hat reasonR

(arbola, Of&O, (arable&

(arador, Om&O, inn&

(araWso, Om&O, (aradise&

(araje, Om&O, (lace&

(ramo, Om&O, a high bleak (lateau ith stunted trees and cold dam(

atmos(hereS @O(oet&OD desert, aste&

(arar, to sto(S Orefl&O, to sto(, halt&

(arecer, to seem, be like, resembleS al )), seemingly, a((arentlyS lo que (arece, as it seemsS evidentlyS Orefl&O, to resemble, be like&

(arecido, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO (arecer, seemedS similar, like&

(ared, Of&O, all, (artition&



(areja, Of&O, (air, cou(le&

(ariente,Om&O, relative&

(r(ado, Om&O, eyelid&

(arroquia, Of&O, (arish, (arochial church&

(arte, Of&O, (art, (ortion, directionS esta )), u( to noS de alg_ntiem(o esta )), for some time (ast, for some time noS en )),(artlyS en alguna )), somehereS (or mi )), for my (artS (or todas))s, in every directionS everyhereS (or una )), on the one hand&

(artici(ar, to (artici(ate @de, inD&

(articular, (eculiar, s(ecial, strange, (articular&

(articularidad, Of&O, (eculiarity&

(articularmente, (articularly, es(ecially&

(artido, Om&O, resolution&

(artir, to set out, leave, de(art&

(asadiIo, Om&O, gallery, arcade, covered (assageay&

(asado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO (asar, (assedS (astS lastS after&

(asajero, Om&O, (asser)by&

(asar, to (ass, hile aay, move, advance, go, (ass through, take(lace, ha((en, go on, be the matterS )) de, to (ass, (ass beyond, bemore thanS )) de aquW, to go @anyD further @or fartherD&

(asear, to move about, see( about, cast aroundS Orefl&O, to alkabout, alk back and forth @OorO to and froD&

(asiNn, Of&O, (assion, love&

(asmoso, )a, onderful, remarkable&

(aso, Om&O, ste(, footste(, (ace, (assage, (ass, difficulty,embarrassmentS )) )), ste( for ste(S ste( by ste(S abrir )), to o(enu( a (assageS to make ayS dar un )), to take a ste(S dejar )), to let(ass, make ay&

(astor, Om&O, she(herd&

(atio, Om&O, court&

(atraUa, Of&O, fable, story, tale&

(atrimonio, Om&O, (atrimony, inheritance&

(atrNn, Om&O 7ee (atrono&



(atrona, Of&O, (atron, mistress, lady, (atron saint, guardian,(rotector&

(atrono, Om&O, (atron, (rotector, master, (atron saint&

(ausa, Of&O, (ause&

(avimento, Om&O, (avement, floor&

(avor, Om&O, fear, dread, ae&

(aI, Of&O, (eace&

(ecador, Om&O, sinner&

(echero, Om&O, vassal, commoner&

(echo, Om&O, breast&

(edantesco, )a, (edantic&

(edaIo, Om&O, (ieceS hacer ))s, to make (ieces of, break to (iecesS ))s, in bits, to (ieces&

(edernal, Om&O, flint, stone, flintstone&

(edestal, Om&O, (edestal, foundation&

(edir, to ask, ask for, beg, request, beseech, (ray&

(edrada, Of&O, stoningS ))s, by stoning @themD&

(edregoso, )a, stony, rocky&

(edrerWa, Of&O, gems, (recious stones&

Pedro, Om&O, Peter&

(edrusco, Om&O, @roughD block of stoneS stone @OorO marbleD slab @OorOblockDS bolder&

(egar, to fasten, close, shut, join&

(elado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO (elar, bared, bare, bleak, treeless&

(elea, Of&O, battle, fight, combat&

(elear, to fight, struggle, combat&

(eligro, Om&O, danger&

(eligroso, )a, dangerous&

(ellica, Of&O, fur garment, fur coat&

(ena, Of&O, (ain, (enalty, trouble, bother, affliction, grief,



difficultyS duras ))s, ith great difficulty&

(enacho, Om&O, (anache, crest, (lume@sD&

(enalidad, Of&O, hardshi(, suffering&

(enar, to suffer tormentS andar (enando, to suffer torment&

(ender, to hang, be sus(endedS )) de, to de(end u(onS to ait forS(endiente de, hile aiting forS until ! learned&

(endiente, Of&O, slo(e&

(endNn, Om&O, banner, (ennant, standard&

(ndulo, m, (endulum, @OhereOD tick @of the (endulumD&

(enetrante, (enetrating&

(enetrar, to (enetrate, enter, gain entranceS Orefl&O, to enter,

(enetrate&

(enitencia, Of&O, (enance, act of mortification&

(enitente, (enitent&

(enoso, )a, (ainful, distressing&

(ensamiento, Om&O, thought, resolution, (ur(oseS con el )), tooneselfS in one?s on mindS in thought&

(ensar, to think, think over, reflect u(on, consider, mean, intendS ))en, to think of&

(enumbra, Of&O, (enumbra, (artial shado&

(eUa, Of&O, large rock, bolder, cliff&

(eUascal, Om&O, rocky hill @or mountainD&

(eUasco, Om&O, rock, cliff, large rock, bolder&

(eUon, Om&O, rock, cliff&

(eon, Om&O, footman, foot)soldier, laborer, farm)hand&

(erN, Ocom(& ofO malo, orse, orstS el )), the orstS lo )), the

orst @thing OorO (artD&

(equeUito, )a, very small, tiny&

(equeUo, )a, little, small&

(equefiuclo, )a, small, very small, tinyS Osubst& m& and f&O, littleboy, little girl, little one&

(ercibir, to (erceive, see, hear, com(rehendS Orefl&O, to be seen



@OorO be visibleD, be heard @OorO be audibleD&

(erder, to lose, destroy, miss, give u(S )) (ie, to lose one?s footing@OorO footholdDS )) de vista, to lose sight ofS Orefl&O, to be lostSto disa((ear, vanishS to die out @OorO aayD&

(erdido, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO (erder, lost, vanishedS im(iousS falling,

andering, loneS estrella (erdida, lone @OorO lostD starS mangas(erdidas, loose hanging sleeves&

(erdNn, Om&O, (ardon, forgiveness, ecuse&

(erdonar, to (ardon&

(erdulariote, Om&O, shiftless fello&

(erdurable, (er(etual, everlasting&

(erecer, to (erish, die&

(eregrenaciNn, Of&O, andering, (eregrination&

(eregrino, )a, strange, onderfulS Osubst& m&O, anderer, (ilgrim&

(ereroso, )a, idle, indolent&

(erfectamente, (erfectly&

(erfil, Om&O, (rofile, outline, contour&

(erfumado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO (erfumar, (erfumed, odoriferous&

(erfume, Om&&O, (erfume, odor, fragrance&

(eriNdico, Om&O, nes(a(er&

(eri(ecia, Of&O, (eri(etia, sudden change of fortune, vicissitude,catastro(he, event&

(erjurar, to (rotest, reiterate&

(erla, Of&O, (earl&

(ermanecer, to remain, (ersist, continue&

(ermiso, Om&O, (ermission&

(ermitir, to (ermit, allo, consent&

(ero, but&

Pero, Om&O, dim& OofO (edro& see caldera

(er(endicular, (er(endicular&

(erro, Om&O, dog&



(ersecuciNn, Of&O, (ersecution&

(erseguidor, Om&O, (ursuer, (ersecutor, foe&

(erseguir, to (ursue, follo, (ersecute&

(ersianas, Of& (l&O, #enetian blinds&

(ersignarse, to cross oneself&

(ersona, Of&O, (erson&

(ersouaje, Om&O, (ersonage, character, (erson, great (ersonage&

(ersonalidad, Of&O, (ersonality&

(ersouificar, to (ersonify&

(ersuadirse, to (ersuade @OorO convinceD oneself&

(ersuasiNn, Of&O, (ersuasion, convictionS en la firme )) de que,firmly (ersuaded that&

(erteuecer, to belong&

(ertinacia, Of&O, obstinacy&

(ertrechar, to (rovide, furnish, equi( @de, ithDS to give a su((ly@de, ofD&

(esadilla, Of&O, nightmare&

(esado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO (esar, heavy, (onderous&

(esar, to eigh, be heavy&

(esar, Om&O, grief, sorroS )) de @Oadv&OD, des(ite, in s(ite of,notithstanding&

(eso, Om&O, eightS su )), by its on eight&

(estaUa, Of&O, eyelash&

(estes, Of& (l&O, ords of veation or threatS echar )) de, to stormat&

(eticiNn, Of&O, (etition, (rayer&

(iadoso, )a, (ious&

(iafar, to (aS Osubst&O Om&O, (aing&

(iau (ianito, gently, softly&

(icacho, Om&O, to(, (eak&

(icado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO (icar, (ricked, (iqued, ecited, aroused&



(icar, to (rick, (ique, s(ur&

(ico, Om&O, (oint, (eak, summitS small amount, oddS balanceS cortado )), (er(endicular, (reci(itousS all (or los aUos de mil trescientos y)), back there in the year thirteen hundred and something&

(ie, Om&O, footS footingS de )), on foot, standingS (onerse de )), tostand @OorO getD u(S servidor de )), footmanS echar )) tierra, todismountS (erder )), to lose one?s footing @OorO footholdDS volver(ies, to turn @one?s ste(sDS volver (ies atrs, to turn back&

(iedad, Of&O, (iety, (ity, mercyS (or )), for (ity?s sakeS out ofcom(assion&

(iedra, Of&O, stone, rock&

(ierna, Of&O, legS )) suelta, at one?s easeS undisturbedS dormir suelta, to slee( soundly @OorO dee(lyD&

(ieIa, Of&O, (iece, (artS animal, gameS (lantation, field&

(ilar, Om&O, (illar, (ost, column, su((ort, abutment&

(ilastra, Of&O, (ilaster&

(intar, to (aint, (icture, describe, de(ict&

(intor, Om&O, (ainter&

(intoresco, )a, (icturesque&

(iqueta, Of&O, (icka&

(isada, Of&O, footste(, hoof)beat&

(isar, to tread, tram(le&

(ista, Of&O, scent, trail&

(iIarra, Of&O, slate&

(lceme, Om&O, congratulation&

(lacer, Om&O, (leasure, content@mentD&

(lanta, Of&O, (lantS sole of the footS (oner en)), to (ut on footS to

arrange @or eecuteD&

(lata, Of&O, silver&

(lataforma, Of&O, (latform&

(lateado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO (latear, silvered, silvery, (ale&

(latillo, Om&O, little (late, dishS subjectS hacer )) de, to converseabout&



(laya, Of&O, shore, strandS sin )), boundless&

(laIa, Of&O, (lace, (ost, square&

(laIuela, Of&O, small square&

(lebe, Of&O, (eo(le, common (eo(le, (o(ulace&

(legar, to curl, (urse, curve&

(legaria, Of&O, (rayer, su((lication&

(lenitud, Of&O, fullness, height&

(liegue, Om&O, fold, (lait, ave, ri((le&

(lomo, Om&O, leadS color de)), leaden, lead)colored&

(luma, Of&O, (lume, feather, quill, (en&

(oblaciNn, Of&O, ton, village&

(oblachNn, Om&O, big village&

(oblado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO (oblar, (eo(led, filledS full&

(obre, (oorS Osubst& m& or f&O (oor man @OorO omanD&

(obrecito, Osubst& m&O, (oor dear manS (oor fello&

(oco, )a, littleS O(l&O, some, a feS los ))s minutos, ithin a feminutesS Oadv&O, little, slightly, somehatS un )), a little,slightly, somehatS )), in a little hileS soonS )) de, shortlyafterS )) )), little by little, sloly, gently, softly, graduallyS)) ms N menos, a little more or lessS a((roimately, nearly, about&

(oder, to be ableS canS a(enas si (udiera, ! could scarcelyS como(udo, as best he couldS come mejor (udo, as ell as (ossibleS as ellas he couldS no )) @(orD menos de, cannot @hel(D but, cannot fail toSOrefl&O, to be (ossible&

(oder, Om&O, (oer, (ossession&

(oderoso, )a, (oerful&

(odredumbre, Of&O, corru(tion&

(oema, Om&O, (oem&

(oesia, Of&O, (oetry&

(oeta, Om&O, (oet&

(olvo, Om&O, dust&

(orno, Om&O, knob, handle, (ommel&



(om(a, Of&O, (om(&

(onderaciNn, Of&O, considerationS eaggerationS laudation&

(onderar, to laud, etol, eaggerate&

(oner, to (ut, (lace, take on, assumeS )) atenciNn, to (ay attentionS)) en alarma, to alarmS )) encuidado, to cause a((rehension @OorOcareDS )) fuego, to set fire @toDS )) (or obra, to carry out, eecuteS)) en (lanta, to (ut on footS to arrange @OorO eecuteDS )) (ortestigos, to call u(on to itnessS Orefl&O, to be, becomeS @of thesunD to setS estar al )se, to be about to setS )se de bote en bote, toget cram fullS )) Be de (ie, to stand @OorO getD u(S )se de (unta, tostand on end&

(o(ulacho, Om&O, (o(ulace, rabble&

(o(ular, (o(ular, of @OorO (ertaining toD the (o(ulace&

(oquito, )a, very littleS )) (oco, gently, softly&

(or, by, for, to, in order to, through, over, on, in, into, along,about, on account of, from, out of, as, at, among, throughoutS allW ))&&&, back therein&&&S de)si, by himselfS for his on (artS )) debajo,beneath, underS )) decirlo asW, so to s(eakS )) entre, beteen, among,in throughS )) eso, hence, thereforeS )) fin, finallyS )) fortuna,fortunatelyS )) ms que, hoever muchS es(ecially sinceS althoughS ))mW mismo, for myselfS )) muchos que, hoever manyS (oner )) obra, tocarry out, eecuteS )) sW, of itselfS of its on accordS )) ser, sinceit asS )) tanto, therefore, for that reason, henceS )) la tierra, on@OorO alongD the groundS )) tres veces, three timesS )) lo visto,evidently, a((arently, visiblyS )) &&& que, hoeverS )) lo que,hereforeS )) quR hyR

(orciNn, Of&O, (art, (ortionS una )) de aUos, a fe yearsS a numberof years&

(orche, Om&O, (ortico, church (orch, (orch&

(orfia, Of&O, (ersistenceS )), in com(etition, in emulation&

(ormenor, Om&O, detail, minute account, incident&

(oro, Om&O, (ore&

(or quR hyR

(orqu, Om&O, reason, cause, reason hy&

(orque, for, becauseS so that, in order thatS bien )) &&& N (or ser,hether because &&& or because it as&

(ortada, Of&O, (ortal, faàde&

(orte, Om&O, bearing, de(ortment&



(ortento, Om&O, (rodigy, (ortent, micacle&

(Nrtico, Om&O, (ortico, (orch&

(orvenir, Om&O, future&

(os* en )), after, behind, in (ursuit @de, ofD&

(oscer, to (ossess&

(osible, (ossibleS en lo )), as much as (ossibleS lo ms )), as muchas (ossibleS lo )), as much as (ossible&

(osiciNn, Of&O, (osition, situation&

(ositivo, )a, (ositive&

(osteriormente, afterards, later&

(ostigo, Om&O, door, (ostern&

(ostrado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO (ostrar, (rostrated, (rostrate&

(ostre, lastS la ))S at last, finally&

(ostrero @OorO (ostrerD, )a, last&

(ostres, Om& (l&O, dessert&

(oterna, Of&O, (ostern, small back door @OorO gateD&

(otro, Om&O, colt, foal&

(rbetico, )a, skilled, e(ert, (racticed, skillful&

(recauciNn, Of&O, caution, (recaution&

(receder, to (recede&

(rece(to, Om&O, order, command&

(recioso, )a, (recious, costly&

(reci(icio, Om&O, (reci(ice&

(reci(itaciNn, Of&O, (reci(itation, haste&

(recisamente, eactly, (recisely, just&

(reciso, )a, necessaryS es )) que, ! @you, etc&D must& a((ear&

(redicciNn, Of&O, (rediction, (ro(hecy, arning&

(redilecto, )a, favorite, beloved&

(referible, (referable&



(referir, to (refer&

(regunta, Of&O, question, inquiryS hacer una )), to ask a question,make an inquiry&

(reguntar, to ask&

(relado, Om&O, (relate&

(reludio, Om&O, (relude, forerunner, (recursor&

(remiar, to reard&

(remio, Om&O, reardS en )), as a reard&

(rendas, Of& (l&O, talents, accom(lishments&

(render, to seiIe, take, arrest&

(reocu(ar, to (reoccu(y, (re(ossess&

(re(arar, to (re(are, make readyS Orefl&O, to be (re(ared, be @OorOgetD readyS to (re(are&

(resa, Of&O, ca(ture, (riIeS )) de, a (rey to&

(resagio, Om&O, (resage, omen, (ortent, token&

(resbiterio, Om&O, (resbytery, chancel&

(rescindir de, to omit, ece(t, leave out of consideration&

(resea, Of&O, jeel, gem&

(resencia, Of&O, (resence&

(resenciar, to itness&

(resentaciNn, Of&O, introduction, (resentation&

(resentar, to introduce, (resent, offer, hold outS Orefl&O, to be(resent, (resent @OorO shoD oneself, a((ear&

(resente, (resentS hacer )), to lay before, (resent, stateS tener )),to bear in mind, rememberS Osubst&O Om&O, (erson (resentS (resent@timeD&

(resentir, to foresee, forebode, have a foreboding of&

(residio, Om&O, jail, (rison&

(reso, )a, O((& @irr&D ofO (render, seiIed&

(restar, to lend, give, furnish, (ayS )) homenaje, to (ay homage,(rofess fealtyS )) el oido, to (ay attentionS to listen @carefullyD&

(reste, Om&O, (riest&



(resteIa, Of&O, ra(idity&

(resumir, to (resume, su((ose, boast&

(resunto, )a, Oadj& ((& @irr&D ofO (resumir, (resumed, su((osed,boasted&

(resuroso, )a, hasty, quick, (rom(t, ra(id, s(eedyS Oadv&O, s(eedily,(rom(tly, hurriedly&

(retendiente, Om&O, as(irant, suitor&

(retil, Om&O, railing, balustrade, battlement, breastork&

(revenir, to arn, foresee, antici(ate&

(reI, Om& or f&O, renon, glory&

(rimada, Om&O, (rimate, archbisho(S (rimatical church&

(rimavera, Of&O, s(ring&

(rimero @OorO (rimerD, )a, first, former, best, onlyS Oadv&O, first,before, rather, sooner&

(rimicia, Of&O, first)fruits&

(rimognito, Om&O, heir @by (rimogenitureD&

(rimor, Om&O, beauty, charmS skill, deterity&

(rinci(al, (rinci(al, chief, leading&

(rinci(io, Om&O, beginningS )) de, at the beginning ofS early inSdar )), to begin&

(riora, Of&O, (rioress, su(erior&

(risa, Of&O, haste, s(eedS de )), ra(idlyS ms que de )) @Olit&O morethan ra(idlyD, as ra(idly as (ossible&

(risiNn, Of&O, (rison, dungeon&

(risionero, Om&O, (risoner&

(rivar, to find general acce(tance&

(rivilegio, Om&O, (rivilege&

(robable, (robable&

(robar, to (rove, taste, sallo, try, test&

(roblema, Om&O, (roblem, question&

(rocedencia, Of&O, derivation, source&



(roceder, to (roceed&

(rocurar, to try, endeavor, manage, succeed&

(rodigalidad, Of&O, (rodigality, (rofusion, etravagance&

(rodigio, Om&O, marvel, (rodigy, miracle&

(rodigioso, )a, marvelous, onderful&

(roducir, to (roduce, make, arouse&

(roducto, Om&O, (roduct&

(rofanaciNn, Of&O, (rofanation&

(rofanar, to (rofane, disgrace, desecrate&

(roferir, to (roffer, utter&

(rofesiNn, Of&O, (rofession, (ractice&

(rofesora, Of&O, (rofessor, teacher&

(rofeta, Om&O, (ro(het&

(rofundamente, (rofoundly, dee(ly&

(rofundidad, Of&O, de(th&

(rofundo, )a, (rofound, dee(S Osubst& m& (l&O de(thsS hell&

(rofusiNn, Of&O, (rofusion, lavishness&

(rohibir, to forbid&

(rolongado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO (rolongar, (rolonged, long&

(rolongar, to (rolongS Orefl&O, to be (rolongedS to stretch out&

(romesa, Of&O, (romise&

(rometer, to (romise&

(romociNn, Of&O, (romotion&

(rontitud, Of&O, (rom(tnessS con )), (rom(tly, quickly&

(ronto, )a, quick, (rom(tS Oadv&O, (rom(tly, quickly, soon, too soonSde )), suddenly, abru(tlyS tan )) &&& como &&&, no &&& no &&&

(ronunciar, to utter&

(ro(icio, )a, (ro(itious&

(ro(iedad, Of&O, (ro(erty&



(ro(io, )a, on, self, very, (ro(er, fitting, suitable, becomingS ))de, (ro(er to, (eculiar to, suited to, befitting, belonging toS amor)), self)esteem, self)love, conceit, vanity&

(ro(orciNn, Of&O, (ro(ortion&

(ro(osiciNn, Of&O, (ro(osition, offer&

(ro(Nsito, Om&O, (ur(ose, (lan, design, intentionS )), suited,suitable, desirableS by the ayS a(ro(osS )) de, ith regard to,a(ro(os of, s(eaking of&

(rorrum(ir, to break forth, burst out&

(roseguir, to (ursue, continue, remain, follo&

(roslito, Om&O, (roselyte&

(rotecciNn, Of&O, (rotection&

(rotector, Om&O, (rotector, guardian&

(roteger, to (rotect, guard&

(roveer, to (rovide @, forD&

(rovenIal, Provencal, of @OorO (ertaining toD Provence&

(roverbial, (roverbial&

(rovidencia, Of&O, (rovidence&

(rovincia, Of&O, (rovince, country&

(rovisto, )a, O((& ofO (roveer, (rovided&

(rovocar, to incite, s(ur on, challenge&

(rNimamente, a((roimately&

(roimidad, Of&O, (roimity&

(rNimo, )a, net, near, very near, about, readyS )) , about toSready to&

(royectarse, to (roject, be thron&

(royecto, Om&O, (roject, (lan&

(rudencia, Of&O, (rudence&

(rueba, Of&O (roof&

(ublico, )a, (ublic, commonS cosa

(ublica, ell knon, notorious&



(udor, Om&O, shame, modesty&

(udrir, to rot, decay&

(ueblecillo, Om&O, small ton, village&

(ueblo, Om&O, (eo(le, (o(ulace, villageS gente del )), common (eo(le&

(uente, Om&O, bridge, drabridgeS )) levadiIo, drabridge&

(ueril, (uerile, childish&

(uerta, Of&O, door, gate, (ortalS doorayS llamar la )), to knock@at the doorD&

(ues, Oconj&O, for, sinceS Ointerj&O, then, ell, therefore, hyS ))bien, ell, ell then, very ell, ell noS )) nada, but noS not so&

(uesto, )a, O((& ofO (oner, (laced, (ut, grantedS )) que, su((osing

that, seeing thatS since, because, forasmuch as

(uesto, Om&O, (ost, (osition, (lace, (oint, s(ot, seat&

(ugnar, to fight, strive&

(ujanIa, Of&O, (oer&

(ulimentar, to (olish&

(ulular, to sarm&

(unta, Of&O, (oint, ti(, end, shar( (ointS (onerse de )), to stand onend&

(untiagudo, )a, shar(, (ointed&

(unto, Om&O, (oint @of time or (laceD, (oint, jot, moment, instant,matter, objectS estar )) @deD, to be ready @toDS to be on the (ointof, be about toS )) en boca, silence, hushS hasta el )) de, u( to the(oint ofS until, tillS al )) y hora de, on the stroke of, at eactlyS )) de la media noche, at midnight (reciselyS at eactly telveo?clock at nightS de )), see subir&

(uUal, Om&O, dagger, (oniard&

(uUo, Om&O, fist, cuff, ristband, hiltS como ))s, as large as your

fist&

(u(ila, Of&O, eye, (u(il, sight

(urgar, to (urify, atone, e(iate, (urge, clear aay&

(urisimo, )a, Oabs& su(er&O of (uro, very @OorO mostD (ure, (urest,immaculate&

(uro, )a, (ure, mereS de )) viejo, from sheer old age&



(_r(ura, Of&O, (ur(le, crimson&

>

que, Orel&O, ho, hich, thatS el )), he ho, that hich, hichS la)), she ho, that hich, hichS lo )), that hich, hatS lo )), asfar asS from hatS asS lo )) (arece, as it seemsS evidentlyS lo ))esde, as forS as far as &&& is @OorO areD concernedS lo )) tiene )),butS the fact is thatS con )), therefore, herefore, so then&

que, Oadv&O, as, thanS tan &&& )), as &&& as&

que, Oconj&O, let, for, since, thatS bien )) &&& bien )), hether &&&orS either because &&& or becauseS de )), of @OorO atD the fact thatSthatS @elloD es )), the fact is thatS entonces )), then hile @OorOhenDS (uesto )), sinceS )) lo creas o no, hether you believe it ornotS )) quieras )no, illy)nillyS no )), hilstS sin )), ithoutS sino

)), but, but rather, ece(t thatS en tanto )), hileS hasta tanto )),until, until such time asS ya )), since&

quR Ointerrog&OD hichR hatR ))R hyR hereforeR en ))R inhatR hoR hyR (or ))R hyR )) talR hoR ))se yo ))R ! kno nothatS all sorts of thingsS )) tiem(oR ho longR

\quQ Oeclam&OD hoQ hatQ hat aQ \)) &&& @Osubst&OD tan &&&@Oadj&ODQ hat a &&& @Oadj&OD &&& @Osubst&O,DQ

quebrado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO quebrar, broken, altered, rough, rocky,unevenS tener la color quebrada, to have lost one?s colorS to be (ale&

quebrar, to break, alterS Orefl&O, to break, be broken, be altered&

queda, Of&O, curfe&

quedar, to remain, rest, be @OorO becomeDS )) en (ie, to remainstandingS )) en silencio, to be silentS cuanto queda re(etido, as hasbeen saidS Orefl&O, to remainS to be&

queja, Of&O, com(laint, murmur, (laint, sighing, sigh, moaning, moan&

quejarse, to com(lain, grumble, clamor, lament&

quejido, Om&O, com(laint, moan&

quemar, to burn, scorch, inflame&

querer, to ish, desire, ant, seek, like, demand, ill, be illingSqu querisR, qu quiere usarcedR hat can you e(ectR que quierasque no, illy)nillyS no quiere (ermitir, ill not (ermitS stequiero ste no quiero, ithout asking (ermissionS hether or noS )), to loveS )) decir, to meanS Orefl&O, to be desired, be desirable&

querido, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO querer, liked, loved, beloved, dearS el mas)), the favorite&



querubin, Om&O, cherub&

quicio, Om&O, hingeS @OhereOD crack, o(ening&

quiebra, Of&O, crack, o(ening, fissure&

quien, Orel&O, ho, hom, one ho, him ho, hoeverS fe de )) soy,on my honorS on the ord of a gentlemanS \(or )) soyQ on my ord @ofhonorD&

quinR hoR

quiera& 7ee como, OalsoO adonde&

quietecito, )a, very quiet, very (eaceful&

quieto, )a, quiet, calm, (eaceful&

quietud, Of&O, quiet, tranquillity&

quimrico, )a, chimerical, fantastic&

quince, fifteen&

quinto, )a, fifth&

quitar, to take aay, take off, de(rive of, ard off, cut off, remove&

quiIs, (erha(s&

+

racimo, Om&O, bunch, cluster&

radiar, to shine, gleam&

rfaga, Of&O, gust, gale, blast, rush of ind @OorO airD&

+aimundo, Om&O, +aymond&

raWI, Of&O, root&

rama, Of&O, branch&

ramaje, Om&O, branches&

ramillete, Om&O, nosegay, bouquet&

ra(ideI, Of&O, ra(idity, celerity&

r(ido, )a, ra(id, fleet, sift&

ra(to, Om&O, ecstasy, ra(ture&



raro, )a, rare, strange, remarkable&

rascar, to scratch&

rasgar, to rend, tear asunder&

rastrear, to go s(yingS to cree( @OorO cralD @Olit&O, to fly loD&

rastrero, )a, cringing&

rastrillo, Om&O, (ortcullis&

rastro, Om&O, track@sD, trace@sD, scent, taste&

rato, Om&O, moment, short time, time, hileS largo )), for a longtimeS un gran )), a long time&

raya, Of&O, stroke, dash, line, streakS boundary, frontier&

rayarse, to break @of danDS to dan&

rayo, Om&O, ray, beamS lightning, thunderbolt&

raIa, Of&O, race, family&

raINn, Of&O, reason, cause, accountS dar )) de, to give an account ofSto inform regardingS en )) , by reason ofS on account of&

real, royal, real, actual&

realidad, Of&O, reality&

realiIar, to realiIe, eecute, form, accom(lish&

rebaUo, Om&O, flock of shee(&

rebelde, rebellious, rebel&

rebosar, to overflo&

rebullirse, to move restlessly, be agitated&

recalcar, to em(hasiIe, stress&

recibir, to receive&

reciente @OorO recinD, recent, freshS recin venido, recent arrival&

recientemente, recently&

recinto, Om&O, (recinct@sD, inclosure, (lace&

recitar, to recite, s(eak&

reclamar, to reclaim&

reclinar, to recline, lay, leanS Orefl&O, to recline&



reclinatorio, Om&O, (rie)dieu, (rayerdesk&

recobrar, to recover, regain, obtain, assume again, resume, take u(again&

recoger, to take u(, (ick u(, take back, receive&

recogimiento, Om&O, abstraction, concentration, meditation, reverence,modestyS eamination&

reconocer, to recogniIe, acknoledge, ins(ect&

recordar, to recall, remind, recollect, remember, call to mind&

recorrer, to run over, (ass through, traverse, search, scour, overrun,roam aboutS have recourse @toD&

recostado, )a, O((& ofO recostar, reclining, leaning, resting&

recuerdo, Om&O, remembrance, recollection, memory&

recu(erar, to regain&

recurso, Om&O, resource&

rechaIar, to re(el, drive back&

rechinar, to creak, grate&

red, Of&O, net, head)dress&

redenciNn, Of&O, redem(tion&

+edentor, Om&O, +edeemer&

redimir, to redeem, ransom, (urchase eem(tion from, liberate, setfree @for a (riceD&

redonda, Of&O, circle, round, neighborhoodS veinte leguas la )),ithin a radius of tenty @7(anishD leagues&

redondo, )a, round, ell)molded, ell)formed&

reducirse, to be reduced @OorO confinedDS to consist @a, inDS to limitoneself @, toD&

referir, to relate, narrate, tell, mention, describe, re(ortS Orefl&O,to refer, have to do, consistS qu se refiereR herein consistsR

reflejar, to reflectS Orefl&O, to reflect, be reflected&

reflejo, Om&O, reflection&

refrn, Om&O, refrainS saying, adage&

refrenar, to check&



refrescar, to freshen, refresh, cool&

refriega, Of&O, encounter, affray&

refugiarse, to take refuge&

refugio, Om&O, refuge&

refunfutiar, to snarl, grol&

regalar, to regale, delight ith&

regalo, Om&O, (resent, gift&

regaIo, Om&O, la(, embrace&

regiNn, Of&O, (recinct, region, (lace, s(ace, tract&

registro, Om&O, sto( @of an organD&

regla, Of&O, ruleS de nuestra )), of our order&

regocijado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO regocijar, rejoicing, joyful, merry&

regocijo, Om&O, rejoicing, joy, (leasure, mirth, hilarity, merriment,amusement&

regular, common, ordinary&

rehundir, to sink, bury&

rehusar, to refuse, decline&

reina, Of&O, queen&

reinar, to reign&

reino, Om&O, kingdom, dominion&

reir @OorO rierseD, to laughS to smileS )) de, to laugh atS dar que ))@conD, to ridicule, make s(ort @ofD, make a laughingstock @ofDS y sele rieron en sus barbas, and they laughed in his faceS reirse en lanariI, to laugh in one?s faceS rom(er )), to burst out laughing&

reiterar, to re(eat, reiterate&

rejilla, Of&O, bar&

relaciNn, Of&O, narration, story, narrative, accountS relation&

relacionarse, to be @OorO becomeD related @OorO connectedD&

relm(ago, Om&O, flash, flash of lightning, lightning&

relam(aguear, to flash&



relatar, to relateS las relataban, ould tell of hiss deeds&

relate, Om&O, narration, narrative, story&

religiNn, Of&O, religion, :hristianity&

religioso, )a, religiousS Osubst& m& and f&O, monk, nun&

relinchar, to neigh&

reliquia, Of&O, relic&

reloj, Om&O, atch, clock

rellano, Om&O, (lateau&

remanso, Om&O, still ater, ater caught and held in the little baysalong a river)bank&

remate, Om&O, end, destination, conclusion&

remedio, Om&O, remedy, cure&

remolino, Om&O, hirlind, hirl, gust&

remontar, to remount, go back, go u(S )) la corriente del rWo, to gou( streamS Orefl&O, to climbS remount, ascend, rise&

remoto, )a, remote, distant, far off, ancient&

removerse, to move, move about&

rencor, Om&O, rancor, animosity, grudge&

rendimiento, Om&O, submission&

rendir, to subject, overcomeS Orefl&O, to yield, give ay, bend don&

renegar, to curse, sear @de, atD&

renunciar, to renounce, give u(, refrain&

reo, Om&O, criminal, accused&

re(arar, to re(air, observe, notice&

re(artir, to distribute, divide&

re(enteS de )), suddenly&

re(entino, )a, sudden, une(ected&

re(etir, to re(eatS Orefl&O, to be re(eatedS to reverberate&

re(icar, to chime, ring, (eal&

re(ique, Om&O, chime, (eal&



re(legarse, to bend back, ind, coil, make a detour, be centered&

re(onerse, to recover&

re(osado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO re(osar, calm&

re(osar, to rest, re(ose&

re(oso, Om&O, rest, re(ose, slee(&

re(resentaciNn, Of&O, re(resentationS )) de, re(resentingS in the nameof&

re(resentar, to re(resentS Orefl&O, to be re(resentedS to a((ear&

re(rimir, to re(ress, restrain&

re(roducir, to re(roduce, reflect&

re(til, Om&O re(tile&

re(uesto, )a, O((& ofO re(onerse, recovered&

re(ugnancia, Of&O, re(ugnance, aversion&

re(ugnante, re(ugnant, revolting&

requerir, to require, demand, seek, request&

res, Of&O, head of cattle, etc&, animal, game, deer&

resbalar, to glide, steal, sli(S Orefl&O, to glide, sli(, slide,stealS )se uno un (ie, to take a false ste(S to sli(&

resignar, to resignS Orefl&O, to be @OorO becomeD resignedS to resignoneself&

resina, Of&O, resinS teas de )), (ine @or resinousD torches&

resistir, to resist, baffle, o((ose, endure @itDS Orefl&O, to resist,refuse&

resoluciNn, Of&O, resolution, decision&

resolver, to resolve, solve, determineS Orefl&O, to agree, decide&

resonar, to resound, clang&

resorte, Om&O, s(ring&

res(ecto, Om&O, res(ect, regard, relationS )) ], ith res(ect to&

res(etable, res(ectable, influential, venerable, estimable&

res(etar, to res(ect&



res(eto, Om&O, res(ect, esteem&

res(etusamente, res(ectfull, ith res(ect&

res(etuoso, )a, res(ectful&

res(iraciNn, Of&O, res(iration, breathing&

res(irar, to breathe&

res(landecer, to glisten, shine, gleam, glitter&

res(landeciente, res(lendent, shining&

res(landor, Om&O, glo, s(lendor, light, gleam, flash, brightness,reflection&

res(onder, to re(ly, anser, res(ond&

res(uesta,Of&O re(ly&

restar, to remain&

resto, Om&O, rest, remainder, remainsS O(l&O, remains, rest,remainderS ruins&

restregar, to rub&

resucitar, to resuscitate, revive&

resuelto, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO resolver, resolved, determinedS ready,(re(ared&

resultado, Om&O, result, outcome&

resultar, to result&

retablo, Om&O, reredos, retable, altar(ice, altar)screen&

retirar, to retire, ithdraS Orefl&O, to retire, ithdra&

retorcer, to tist, ind, turnS Orefl&O, to tist, ind, rithe, flotortuously, roll&

retorcido, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO retorcer, tisted, rolled, rolling,inding, undulating, gnarled&

retoIar, to flit, hover, (lay, s(ort, s(arkle&

retraido, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO retraer, restrained, re(ressed, shrinking&

retratar, to (ortray, de(ict, mirror, reflect&

retumbar, to resound&

reuniNn, Of&O, reunion, gathering, (arty&



reunir, to unite, bring together, join, collectS Orefl&O, to meet,unite, assemble, collectS )se , to joinS )se con, to join, associateith&

revelaciNn, Of&O, revelation, confession&

revelar, to reveal, manifest&

reventarse, to burst, s(litS @OvulgarOD to die&

revs, Om&O, reverse, o((osite, back al )), backards&

revestir, to deck, adorn, (ut @or takeD on againS to be dressed @orclothedD&

revolcar, to hurl, overturnS Orefl&O, to allo, roll about, rithe&

revolotear, to flutter @OorO flyD aboutS to flutter, hoverS Osubst&m&O, fluttering&

revolver, to revolve, turn over @in one?s mindD, considerS Orefl&O, toroll, to stir, to move about&

revuelta, Of&O, confusion, consternation, turn, turning, inding&

revuelto, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO revolver, huddled together, intermingled,(ell mell, rum(led, tossed, disordered, intricate, inding&

rey, Om&O, king, monarchS )) de armas, king)at)armsS los reyes, theking and queen&

reyerta, Of&O, dis(ute, difference&

reIador, a(t to (ray, given to much (raying&

reIar, to (ray, recite (rayers&

reIo, Om&O, (rayer&

riachuelo, Om&O, rivulet, small stream, stream&

ribaIo, Om&O, slo(ing bankS ditch&

ribera, Of&O, bank, shore&

ribete, Om&O, ribbon, shred, streak, line&

ricamente, richly&

rico, )a, rich, fine, delicate, costly&

ridiculo, )a, ridiculous&

rielar @O(oet&OD, to glisten, glimmerS to shine ith a tremulouslight&

rienda, Of&O, reinS O(l&O, reins, bridle&



rigido, )a, rigid&

rigor, Om&O, heat, rigor, necessityS de )), necessary, required&

rima, Of&O, rhymeS O(l&O, lyric (oems&

rincNn, Om&O, corner, angle&

rWo, Om&O, river&

riqufsimo, )a, Oabs& su(er& ofO rico, very rich&

risa, Of&O, laugh, laughter&

risueUo, )a, smiling, laughing, charming&

ritmo, Om&O, rhythm&

rival, Om&O, rival&

rivaliIar, to be rivalsS to vie @entre sW, ith each otherD&

riIar, to curl, cris(, ri((le&

riIo, Om&O, curl&

roca, Of&O, rock, cliff&

roce, Om&O, touch, rustle, rustling&

rocWn, Om&O, hack, horse, nag&

rocWo, Om&O, de&

rodar, to roll, move along, rotate, revolve, roll don hill&

rodear, to surround, gather round, girdleS Orefl&O, to move @OorOanderD about&

rodeo, Om&O, circumlocution&

rodilla, Of&O, kneeS de ))s, kneeling&

roer, to gna, consume&

rogar, to beg, (ray, im(lore, beseech&

rojiIo, )a, reddish&

rojo, )a, red&

romance, Om&O, 7(anish @languageDS romance, @historicD ballad&

romeral, Om&O, a (lace abounding in rosemary&

romero, Om&O, (ilgrim&



romo, )a, obtuse, blunt, flat&

rom(er, to break, dissi(ate, fracture, tear, rend, (artS )) reir, toburst out laughingS al )) el dWa, at break of dayS at danS Orefl&O,to break&

roncar, to snore&

ronco, )a, hoarse, rough&

ronda, Of&O, roundS circular dance, danceS andar la )), to go theroundsS to go around&

ro(a, Of&O, cloth, garment, clothes, robe, gon, loose garment ornover the clothes&

ro(aje, Om&O, a((arel, dra(ery, garment&

ro(illa, Of&O, jacket, kind of short jacket ith double sleeves, the

outer ones hanging loose&

rosa, Of&O, roseS color de )), rose)coloredS de )), rosy,rose)colored&

rosado, )a, rose)colored, rosy, flushed&

rostrillo, Om&O, veilS head)dress&

rostro, Om&O, face, countenanceS dar alg_n en el )) con, to cast inone?s face&

roto, )a, O((& ofO rom(er, broken, (ierced&

roIar, to graIe, touch slightly, be on a level @con, ithD&

rubW, Om&O, ruby&

rubio, )a, fair, blond, ruddy, golden&

ruboriIarse, to blush&

rudo, )a, rough, hard, severe&

ruego, Om&O, request, entreaty&

rugido, Om&O, roar, roaring&

rugir, to roar&

ruido, Om&O, sound, noise&

ruidoso, )a, noisy, loud&

ruin, Om&O, icked @mean OorO infamousD (ersonS en hablando del )) de+oma, ctale aquW que asoma, s(eak of the devil and he ill a((ear&



ruina, Of&O, ruinS O(l&O, ruins&

ruinoso, )a, dila(idated, in ruins, ruinous&

ruiseUor, Om&O, nightingale&

rumor, Om&O, noise, murmur, sound, rumor, rustle&

r_stico, Om&O, rustic @felloD, (easant&

7

sbado, Om&O, 7aturday&

sbana, Of&O, sheet, shroud, (lain&

saber, to kno, kno ho, be aare, be ableS canS no )), had ! notknonS qu s yo quR ! kno not hatS all sorts of things&

saber, Om&O, knoledgeS el gay )) (oetry, the art of (oetry&

sabido, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO sabet, learned, educated&

sabidurWa, Of&O, knoledge, isdom&

sabiendas* )), knoingly, consciously, ittingly, ith knoledge of&

sabor, Om&O, relish, taste, savor, (leasureS )), at (leasure, ithrelish @OorO enjoymentDS todo )), fullyS ith (rofound delight&

saborear, to relish, enjoy&

sabroso, )a, savory, delicious&

sacar, to dra, dra out, take out, arouse, bring out, rouse, (ut out,remove, dra, snatch, derive&

sacerdote, Om&O, (riest&

saco, Om&O, sack, bagS echar en )) roto, to be heedless ofS not totake advantage ofS to forget&

sacrilegio, Om&O, sacrilege, sacrilegious act&

sacrflego, )a, sacrilegious&

sacristWa, Of&O, sacristy, vestry&

sacudir, to shake, shake off&

saeta, Of&O, arro, dart&

saetera, Of&O, loo(hole&

sagrado, )a, sacred, consecrated&



7agrario, Om&O, sacrarium, the interior (art of a church in hich areke(t such sacred things as relics, etc&

sainete, Om&O, comedietta, farce&

sala, Of&O, hall&

salida, Of&O, de(arture, eit, sally&

salir, to go out, come out, issue, sally, leaveS )) de, to go from@OorO out ofDS to go beyondS OreflO,, to go out, come out&

salmo, Om&O, (salm&

7alomNn, Om&O, 7olomon&

salomNnico, )a, 7olomonic, of @OorO (ertaining toD 7olomon king of!sraelS columnilla salomNnica, little tisted column&

salNn, Om&O, hall, draing)room, (arlor&

sal(icar, to scatter&

saltar, to s(ring, lea(&

salto, Om&O, s(ring, lea(, bound, jum(&

saludable, salutary, holesome&

saludar, to greet, salute, acclaim, hail&

saludo, Om&O, salute, bo, greeting&

salva, Of&O, burst&

7alvaciNn, Of&O, salvation, safety&

7alvador, Om&O, 7avior&

salvaje, savage, barbarous&

salvar, to save, cross, (ass over, lea( over&

salve @OLatinOD, hail, first ord of (rayer ?7alve +egina,? ?9ail,9oly >ueen&?

salvo, )a, Oadj& ((& @irr&D ofO salvar, savedS safeS Oadv&O, save,saving, ece(ting&

san& 7ee santo&

7an Bartolom, Om&O, 7aint BartholomeS church of 7aint Bartholome&

sandeI, f, follyS foolish act @OorO s(eechD&

7an 8eli(e, Om&O, 7aint Phili(&



sangre, Of&O, blood&

sangriento, )a, bloody, bleeding, covered ith blood&

7an 9uberto, Om&O, 7aint 9ubert&

7an -uan, Om&O, 7aint -ohn&

7an =artin, Om&O, 7aint =artin&

7an =iguel, Om&O, 7aint =ichael&

sano, )a, sound&

7an Pacomio, Om&O, 7aint Pachomius&

7an Pedro, Om&O, 7aint Peter&

7an +omn, Om&O, 7aint +omain&

7an 7aturio, Om&O, 7aint 7aturius&

7anta !ns, Of&O, 7aint AgnesS church of 7aint Agnes&

santamente, (iously&

7anta Teresa, Of&O, 7aint Theresa&

santero, Om&O, hermitS caretaker of a sanctuary&

7antiago, Om&O, 7aint -ames&

sautidad, Of&O, sanctityS tener en olor de )), to hold @OorO considerDas a saint&

sautiguarse, to cross oneself, make the sign of the cross&

santisimo, )a, @Oabs& su(er& ofO santo, most holy&

santo @or sanD, )a, saint, sainted, holyS horror, ae, reverentialfearS )) Patrono, (atron saintS #iernes 7anto, Good 8ridayS Osubst& m&and f&O, saintS llegar y besar el )), to succeed in a brief s(ace oftimeS to find good fortune quickly&

santuario, Om&O, sanctuary&

sa(o, Om&O, toad, large toad&

saquear, to (lunder, (illage&

sarao, Om&O, ball, evening (arty&

sargento, Om&O, sergeantS )) a(osentador, quartermaster)sergeant&

7atans, Om&O, 7atan&



satisfacer, to satisfy, gratify, anser&

satisfactorio, )a, satisfactory&

satisfecho, )a, O((& ofO satisfacer, satisfied, gratified&

sauce, Om&O, illo&

sa_co, Om&O, elder, elder ood&

saya, Of&O, (etticoat, skirt&

saINn, Of&O, time, season, o((ortunityS la )), at that timeS then&

se, himself, herself, itself, themselvesS one another, each other, toone another, to each otherS Oequivalent to the (assive in English, orto the im(ersonal construction ?there &&&?&O

s& O7eeO saber&

sea& 7ee serS )) &&& )), hether &&& orS no )) que, for fear thatSlest&

secarse, to dry u(, ither @aayD&

seco, )a, dry, hard, metallic, bony, lean, thin, ardent, burning&

secreto, Om&O, secret&

secuaI, Om&O, folloer, attendant, retainer&

sed, Of&O, thirst&

seda, Of&O, silk&

seducir, to entice, attract&

segar, to cut @OorO moD donS to cro(&

seguimiento, Om&O, folloing, train, suite, (ursuit&

seguir, to follo, continueS )) con, to follo, go along ith,accom(anyS )) con la vista, to look after, to atch&

seg_n, according to @OorO asDS as, just asS the ay, judging from theay&

segundo, )a, secondS Osubst& m&O, second @of timeD&

seguramente, surely, indeed&

segurarse, to assure oneself, be assuredS to assert&

seguro, )a, secure, sure, safe, certainS dar (or )), to assureS toassertS de )), assuredly&

seis, si&



sello, Om&O, seal&

semblante, Om&O, face&

sembrar, to soS to dot, stre&

semejante, similar, like, such, such a, sameS )) , like, similar to&

semejar, to be like @OorO similar toDS to resemble&

semicWrculo, Om&O, semicircle&

sencillo, )a, sim(le, (lain&

senda, Of&O, (ath, by)(ath, foot)(ath&

sendero, Om&O, (ath, by)(ath, foot)(ath&

seno, Om&O, breast, bosom, heartS omb, de(th&

sensaciNn, Of&O, sensation&

sentado, )a, O((& ofO sentarse, seated, sittingS estar )), to beseated&

sentarse, to seat oneself, be seated, sit @donD&

sentencia, Of&O, sentence&

sentido, Om&O, sense, consciousnessS falto de )), unconscious&

sentimiento, Om&O, sentiment, feeling&

sentir, to feel, (erceive, hearS no se siente una mosca @Olit&O, a flycannot be heardD, you can hear a (in fall&

seUa, Of&O, sign, signal, motion, gesture&

seUal, Of&O, sign, signalS que hacWan )es de ojeo, hich ere bloingto start u( the game&

seUalar, to mark, signaliIe, a((oint, determine, fi u(on, (oint out,indicate&

7eUor, Om&O, Lord, God&

seUor, Om&O, lord, gentleman, nobleman, man, knight, sirS (ues, sW )),yes sir)ee, yes indeed sir&

seUora, Of&O, lady, madam, mistressS "uestra 7eUora, %ur Lady@a((ellation of the #irgin =aryD&

seUorial, seigniorialS of @OorO (ertaining toD the lord of a manor&

seUorWo, Om&O, seigniory, domains, dominion&



seUorito, Om&O, young gentleman&

se(arado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO se(arar, se(arated, se(arate&

se(arar, to se(arate, divideS )) se de, to se(arate fromS to leave&

se(ulcral, se(ulchralS of @OorO (ertaining toD a se(ulcher @OorO

tombD&

se(ulcro, Om&O, se(ulcher, tomb, grave&

se(ulturero, Om&O, grave)digger&

squito, Om&O, suite, escort&

ser, to be, becomeS no )), unless it beS no )) (or, ere it notforS )) cosa de, to be sufficient cause to, be enough toS de no )), ifnotS no )) cosa, not to be small @OorO fe in numberD, to be large@OorO numerousDS la cosa no era (ara menos, nothing less could bee(ectedS (or )), since it asS sea, be it soS como no sea, unless it

beS no sea que, for fear thatS lestS sea &&& sea, hether &&& orSser, it (robably is @OorO asDS que no ser dificil, hich it easilymayS ser que, it is (robable thatS qu ha sido de lR hat hasbecome of itR

ser, Om&O, being&

serafWn, Om&O, sera(h&

sereno, )a, serene, unclouded&

serie, Of&O, series&

serio, )a, serious&

ser(ear, to circle, ind, glide&

ser(entear, to ind&

ser(iente, Of&O, ser(ent&

serrallo, Om&O, seraglio, harem&

serreta, Of&O, nose)band, head)stall&

servicio, Om&O, serviceS household&

servidor, Om&O, servantS )) de (ie, footman&

servidumbre, Of&O, servants, attendants&

servir, to serve, be of service @OorO useD, avail, actS )) de, toserve @OorO actD asS con el diablo no sirven @juegosD, @tricksD don?tork ith the devilS Orefl&O, to deign, be (leased&

sesos, Om& (l&O, brain, brainsS devanarse los )), to rack one?sbrains&



sestear, to take a siesta, take an after)dinner na( @OorO restD&

setenta, seventy&

severo, )a, severe, stern, strict&

sevillano, )a, of @OorO (ertaining toD 7eville&

si, ifS hy, indeedS cual )), as ifS )) bien, although, even ifS ))&&& que, hoeverS )) lo decWa yo, indeed ! told you soS just as ! toldyouS a(enas )), hardly, barelyS a(enas )) (udiera, ! could scarcelyS)) ya, if indeedS )) ya no, unless&

sW, himself, herself, itself, one?s self, themselvesS de (or )), byhimself, for his on (artS entre )), to himself, etc&

sW, certainly, yes, indeed, of)courseS (ues, )) seUor, yes sir)ee, yesindeed sir&

siem(re, alays, stillS )) que, every time thatS henever&

sin, Of&O, tem(le&

sier(e, Of&O, ser(ent&

siesta, Of&O, siesta, after)dinner rest @OorO na(D&

siete, seven&

sigilo, Om&O, secrecy&

siglo, Om&O, century&

significative, )a, significant&

signo, Om&O, sign&

siguiente, folloing, net&

silbar, to histle, hiss&

silbido, Om&O, hiss, histle&

silencio, Om&O, silence&

silencioso, )a, silent, deserted, mute&

silfo, Om&O, syl(h, fairy&

silueta, Of&O, silhouette&

silvestre, ild, uncultivated&

silla, Of&O, seat, see, diocese&

sillar, Om&O, hen stone&



sillerWa, Of&O, seat, stall@sDS ?hen stone&

sillNn, in&, armchair&

sima, Of&O, abyss, gulf&

sWmbolo, Om&O, symbol&

sim(le, foolish, craIyS Osubst& m&O, sim(leton, fool&

sim(lemente, sim(ly&

sim(lificar, to sim(lify&

sin, ithoutS )) duda, doubtlessS )) ejem(lar, un(recedentedS ))embargo, hoever, nevertheless, notithstandingS )) que, ithout&

singular, singular, strange&

sinn_mero, Om&O, infinite number&

sino, but @Oafter a negativeODS but ratherS if not, ece(tS no tansNlo, )) que, not only, but alsoS )) que, but, but rather, ece(tthat&

sinuosidad, Of&O, turn, bend, inding, sinuosity, curve&

siquiera, even, at least, unless, even thoughS ni oyN )), he did noteven hearS ni tan )), not even, not so much as&

sisar, to (ilfer, cheat&

sitial, Om&O, seat, chair&

sitio, Om&O, (lace, (oint, site, seat&

situaciNn, Of&O, state, condition, situation, (osition&

situado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO situar, situated, situate&

situarse, to locate oneself, take u( one?s (osition&

soberanamente, su(remely, (articularly&

soberano, )a, sovereign, su(reme&

sobra, Of&O, sur(lus, ecessS de )), over and aboveS andar ms de )),to be more in ecess&

sobrado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO sobrar, enough and to s(areS OhereOHenough, sufficient&

sobre, on, over, u(on, aboutS )) todo, above all, es(ecially&

sobrecoger, to sur(riseS Orefl&O, to be sur(rised, be overtaken, beseiIed u(onS )se temeroso, to be seiIed ith fear&



sobrehumano, )a, su(erhuman&

sobremanera, beyond measure, eceedingly&

sobrenatural, su(ernatural&

sobrenombre, Om&O, nickname&

sobre(onerse , to be su(erior toS to sur(ass, dron&

sobresaltado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO sobresaltar, startled, frightened,sur(risedS ith a start&

sobresalto, Om&O, sur(rise&

socorro, Om&O, succor, assistance&

sochantre, Om&O, sub)chanter, (recentor?s de(uty&

sofocado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO sofocar, smothered, stifled, breathless,out of breath&

sol, Om&O, sun&

soldado, Om&O, soldier&

soledad, Of&O, solitude, solitary (lace, aste, ilderness&

solemne, solemn&

solemnidad, Of&O, solemnity&

soler, to be accustomed, be ont&

solfa, Of&O, harmony, musicS esto de la )), the art of music&

solicitud, Of&O, solicitude, care, concern&

solio, Om&O, cano(y&

solitario, )a, solitary&

solo, )a, alone, sole, solitary, single, mere, desertedS solas,alone&

sNlo, only, solelyS no tan ), sino que, not only, but also&

soltar, to let loose, unfasten, untie, let go, loose, set onS Orefl&O,to be looseS to fly @flo OorO aveD&

soluciNn, Of&O, solution&

solloIante, sobbing&

solloIar, to sob&



solloIo, Om&O, sob&

sombra, Of&O, shade, shado sombrear, to shade, shado, darken,obscure, overshado&

sombrio, )a, somber, dark, gloomy&

son, Om&O, soundS motiveS en @OorO D )) de guerra, for the (ur(ose ofar&

sonaja, Of&O, sonaja, kind of timbrel, a rustic musical instrumentmade of a thin stri( of ood about four inches ide brought round inthe sha(e of a tube or drum, and having small metal discs fied inholes at regular intervals like those of a tambourine& !t is generallyheld in the right hand and struck ith the left&

sonante, resounding, sonorous, sounding&

sonar, to sound, ring in one?s ears, echo, resound, strike&

sonido, Om&O, sound, noise&

sonoro, )a, loud, sonorous&

sonreir @or sonreirseD, to smile&

sonrisa, Of&O, smile&

sonar, to dream, dream of, be troubled ith dreamsS )) con, to dreamof&

so(lar, to blo&

so(lo, Om&O, breath, blast, gust, (uff&

so(or, Om&O, drosiness, slee(iness&

so(ortable, endurable&

sordamente, dully&

sordo, )a, dull, muffled, lo, deaf&

sor(render, to sur(rise, astonish, discover, come u(on&

sor(resa, Of&O, sur(riseS marchando de )) en )), ever more and more

sur(rised&

sortilegio, Om&O, sorcery, charm&

sos(echar, to sus(ect&

sostener, to sustain, hold u(, su((ort, (rolong&

soto, Om&O, grove, thicket, forest&



su, his, her, its, their, your, one?s&

suave, soft, gentle, smooth, delicate, seet&

suavemente, softly, gently, seetly&

suavidad, Of&O, softness, delicacy, seetness&

s_bdito, Om&O, subject&

subir, to ascend, rise, mountS )) de (unto, to increaseS ir subiendode (unto, to increase, kee( increasing&

s_bito, )a, sudden&

subsistir, to eist, remain&

subterrneo, )a, subterraneanS Osubst&O Om&O, vault, cave, dungeon&

suceder, to succeed, result, ha((en, take (lace, be the matterS )) ,

to succeed, take the (lace of&

suceso, Om&O, event, incident, result, success&

sudario, Om&O, shroud&

sudor, Om&O, seat, (ers(iration&

suelo, Om&O, ground, floor&

suelto, )a, Oadj& ((& @irr&D ofO soltar, detached, loose, flying,free, floingS (ierna suelta, at one?s easeS undisturbed, dormir (ierna suelta, to slee( soundly&

sueUo, Om&O, slee(, dream&

suerte, Of&O, lot, fateS charm, s(ell&

suficiente, sufficient, enoughS es lo)), it is enoughS it issufficient cause&

sufrir, to suffer, endure&

sugerir, to suggest&

sujetar, to subject, hold, subdue, overcome, restrain&

sujeto, )a, Oadj& ((& @irr&D ofO sujetar, fastened, fied, held, set&

sumergido, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO sumergir, submerged, buried&

sumergir, to submerge, immerse, (lungeS Orefl&O, to submerge oneselfSto dive&

sumido, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO sumirse, sunk, (lunged, sunken&

sumirse, to sink, (lunge, be sunk&



sumo, )a, highest, greatest, very great&

suntuoso, )a, sum(tuous&

su(erficie, Of&O, surface&

su(erior, su(erior&

su(ersticiNn, Of&O, su(erstition&

su(ersticioso, )a, su(erstitious&

su(licante, su((liant, im(loring&

su(licio, Om&O, eecution&

su(osiciNn, Of&O, su((osition, guess, surmise&

surcar, to (lo, furro, divide&

surco, Om&O furro, track, rut&

\susQ comeQ courageQ hoQ onQ

suscribir, to subscribe, yield&

sus(ender, to sus(end, interru(t, discontinueS to hold in sus(ense, toamaIe&

sus(endido, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO sus(ender, sus(endedS hangingS insus(ense, anious&

sus(ensiNn, Of&O, (ause, sus(ense&

sus(enso, )a, Oadj& ((& @irr&D ofO sus(ender, sur(rised, hesitant&

sus(icaI, sus(icious&

sus(irar, to sigh&

sus(iro, Om&O, sigh&

sustentar, to sustain&

sustituir, to re(lace&

susto, Om&O, fright, terror, fearS dar )), to frighten&

sustraer, to ithdra, se(arateS Orefl&O, to ithdra, retire&

susurrar, to his(er&

susurro, Om&O, his(er, his(ering&

suyo, )a, his, hers, its, theirs, yoursS el @OorO loD )), la suya,his, his on, etc&



T

tabernculo, Om&O, tabernacle&

tabla, Of&O, board, (anel&

tablero, Om&O, board, (lank&

taciturno, )a, taciturn, silent, melancholy&

tafilete, Om&O, morocco @leatherD&

tal, so, such, such aS )) cual, such asS qu ))R hoR )) veI,(erha(s, (erchance&

talabarte, Om&O, sord)belt&

talante, Om&O, manner, ill, dis(ositionS mal)), ill humor&

talNn, Om&O, heelS andar los ))es, to follo u(on one?s heelsS tofollo closely&

tallar, to carve&

tallo, Om&O, shoot, s(rout&

tamaUo, )a, large, very largeS Osubst& m&O, siIe&

tambalear, to stagger, reel&

tambin, also, likeise&

tam(oco, either, neither, nor, eitherS ni &&& )), nor &&&, eitherSneither&

tan, so, as, as much, such, such a @OorO anDS ))&&& como, as&&& asS ))(ronto &&& como &&&, no &&& no&&&S )) &&& que, as &&& asS \qu &&&@Osubst&OD )) &&& @Oadj&ODQ hat a &&& @Oadj&OD &&& @Osubst&ODQ mi ))siquiera, not even, not so much asS no )) solo &&& sino que, not only&&& but also&

tanto, )a, so much, as muchS O(l&O, so many, as manyS Oadv&O, so @OorOasD muchS meanhileS )) como, as much asS )) os da de, you think ashighly ofS en )), so, to such a degreeS in the meanhileS en )) que,

hileS hasta )) que, untilS until such time asS (or )), therefore,for that reason, henceS un )), a littleS somehat&

taUer, @of bellsD to ring, toll&

ta(ar, to cover, conceal, cover u(, sto( u(&

ta(ia, Of&O, all&

ta(iI, Om&O, hanging, ta(estry, car(et, rug&



tardar, to delay, be late, be slo, be long&

tarde, Of&O, afternoon, eveningS la )), in the afternoonS Oadv&O,lateS muy de )) en )), very seldom&

te, thee, you, to thee, to you&

tea, Of&O, torch, (iece of resinous ood&

teatro, Om&O, scene, stage, theater&

tecla, Of&O, key @of a musical instrumentD&

techado, Om&O, roof, shelter&

techo, Om&O, roof&

tejado, Om&O, tiled roof&

tejer, to eave, s(in, devise&

tela, Of&O, cloth, garment&

tema, Om&O, theme, to(ic, subjectS cada loco con su )), everybody@Olit&O, every lunaticD has his hobby&

temblar, to tremble&

temblor, Om&O, trembling&

tembloroso, )a, trembling, tremulous&

temer, to fear&

temeroso, )a, fearfulS timid, timorousS sobrecogerse )), to be seiIedith fear&

temible, dreadful&

temido, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO temer, dreaded, fearful, dreadful&

temor, Om&O, fear, fright, dread&

tm(ano, Om&O, mass of ice, ice)field, ice)mountain, iceberg&

tem(estad, Of&O, tem(est, storm, shoer&

tem(lado, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO tem(lar, tem(ered, softened, soft, gentle,calm&

tem(lar, to tem(erS to tune&

tem(lo, Om&O, tem(le, church, cathedral&

tenaI, tenacious, firm, constant, fied&



tenaIa, Of&O, cla, talon&

tender, to stretch, stretch out, etend, direct, dra back, raise,dra, aim, castS )) una mirada, to take a lookS to lookS to glanceS ))la vista, to cast a glance, direct one?s glance&

tendido, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO tender, stretched out, lying, (rostrateS

Oadv&O, etensively, in detail&

tener, to have, hold, kee(, take, hold out, lead, be the matterS ))em(eUo, to desire earnestlyS )) en cuenta, to take into accountS toconsiderS )) ganas, to have a mind @de, toDS no )) inconveniente, notto consider im(ro(erS to have no objectionS )) lugar, to take (laceSto ha((enS )) miedo, to be afraidS )) noticia de, to be informed ofS)) (or, to considerS )) (resente, to bear in mind, rememberS )) que,to have to, be obliged to, shouldS lo que tiene que le (re(aran unabuena, the fact is that they are (re(aring for him a arm rece(tionSque de todo tenWan menos de artistas N arqueNlogos, ho ere anythingbut artists or archaeologists&

tentaciNn, Of&O, tem(tation&

tenue, thin, tenuous, light, delicate, soft&

teUir, to tinge, dye, stain, tint&

Teobaldo, Om&O, Theobald&

tercero, )a, third&

terciar, to intervene @as a third (ersonD&

tercio(elo, Om&O, velvet&

terminar, to terminate, end, settle, arrive at the end of&

trmino, Om&O limit, boundary, goal, destination, term, terminal,terminationS llevar )), to succeed, carry out, (erformS en estos))s, in these ordsS as follos&

ternura, Of&O, tenderness, loveS con )), lovingly, tenderly&

terrenal, earthly, of the earth, terrestrial&

terreno, Om&O, ground, s(ace, @limitedD areaS land, fieldS ay,distanceS cortar )), to make a short cutS to shorten the ay @OorOdistanceD&

terrible, terrible&

territorio, Om&O, territory, country&

terror, Om&O, terror&

terso, )a, smooth, (olished, glossy&

tesoro, Om&O, treasure, ealth&



testificar, to attest&

testigo, Om&O, itnessS (oner (or ))s, to call to itnessS to callu(on to itness&

testimonio, Om&O, testimony, evidence&

teI, Of&O, com(leion, skin&

tW, thee, you&

tWa, Of&O, auntS old oman&

tibiamente, eakly&

tiem(o, Om&O, timeS un )), at onceS at the same timeS antes de )),(rematurelyS before it as ri(eS de alg_n )), for some timeS en un )),once u(on a timeS qu ))R ho longR

tienta, Of&O, (robing, feelingS ))s, by touching, gro(ing, in thedarkS stealthily&

tierno, )a, tender, affectionate&

tierra, Of&O, earth, land, soil, groundS en )), on the groundS (or la)), on @OorO alongD the ground&

timbalero, Om&O, kettle)drummer, drummer&

timbre, Om&O, crest @of a coat of armsD&

tWmidamente, timidly&

tWmido, )a, timid&

tiniebla, Of&O, shado, shade, darkness, veilS O(l&O, darkness,shado, shade&

tirante, Om&O, sus(ension chain&

tirar, to dra, (ull, cast, shoot&

tiro, Om&O, thro, cast, shot, mark, aimS )) de, ithin @theD rangeofS )) de honda, sling shot&

titn, Om&O, giant&

tWtere, Om&O, manikin, marionetteS no dejar )) con cabeIa, to (uteverything in disorderS to destroy everything&

tWtulo, Om&O, titleS titled (erson, noble&

tocar, to touch, sound, ring, (lay, blo, strike, reach, belong, fallto one?s lot, befall&

todavWa, yet, still, hoeverS y esta es la hora en que )) no le hemos



visto, and e haven?t seen him since&

todo, )a, all, hole, everyS )) el mundo, everybodyS )) un mundo, ahole orldS a great multitudeS )) @elD correr, at full s(eedS ))esca(e, at full s(eedS toda voI, at the to( of their voicesS Osubst&m&O, all, everything, holeS de un )), once for allS del )), holly,entirely, quite, com(letelyS en un )), in all its (arts, in every

res(ectS sobre )), above all, es(eciallyS que de )) tenWan menos deartistas N arqueNlogos, ho ere anything but artists orarchaeologists&

toledano, )a, Toledan, of @OorO (ertaining toD ToledoS Osubst& m& andf&O, Toledan, native of Toledo&

\tomaQ 7ee tomar&

tomar, to take, getS )) mano en ello, to take it in hand @OorO a handin itDS )) la (alabra, to s(eakS )) el trote, to run aay, make offS\tomaQ ellQ hyQ hereQ look hereQ

tomillo, Om&O, thyme&

tono, Om&O, toneS de buen )), fashionable&

tonto, )a, stu(id, foolish&

to(ar, to meet, ha((en u(on&

toque, Om&O, touch, blast, (eal, stroke, ringing @OorO tollingD ofbellsS el )) de oraciones, ringing for (rayersS call to (rayersS al ))de oraciones, hen summoned to (rayersS hen the bells rang for(rayers&

torbellino, Om&O, hirlind&

torcer, to turn, tist, ind, deflect&

torcido, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO torcer, turned, tisted, crooked, tortuous,inding&

tormenta, Of&O, storm, tem(est&

tormentoso, )a, stormy, storm)tossed, tem(estuous

tornar, to returnS )) &&& , to &&& againS )) a(arecer, torea((earS )) decir, to re(eat&

torneo, Om&O, tournament, tourney, joust&

torno, Om&O, turn, circumferenceS en )de, about, aroundS en )) suyo,about himS en )), round about&

tor(e, slo, heavy, dull, sluggish&

torre, Of&O, toer, turret, s(ire&

torrente, Om&O, torrent, floodS ))s, in torrents&



torso, Om&O, trunk, torso&

tosco, )a, coarse, rough, un(olished&

toser, to cough&

trabajador, Om&O, orkman&

trabajar, to ork, toil&

trabajo, Om&O, ork, effort, labor&

trabajosamente, laboriously, (ainfully&

trabar, to ageS Orefl&O, to be agedS to arise&

tradiciNn, Of&O, tradition, legend&

tradicional, traditional, legendary, of legendary origin&

traducir, to translate, inter(ret&

traer, to dra, attract, carry, bring, take, lead, bear, earS )) lamemoria, to bring to memoryS to remindS el cual traWa una jornada decatorce leguas en el cuer(o, ho had made that day a journey offourteen leagues&

tragar, to sallo&

trgico, )a, tragic&

trago, Om&O, draught, drinkS echar un )), to have a drink, take adram&

traWlla, Of&O, leash&

traje, Om&O, dress, robe, garb&

tram(a, Of&O, tra(, snare&

trance, Of&O, (eril, etremity&

tranquilamente, tranquilly, quietly&

tranquilidad, Of&O, tranquillity&

tranquiliIar, to tranquiliIe, calm&

tranquilo, )a, tranquil, calm, gentle&

transcurrir, to (ass by, trans(ire, ela(se, (ass aay&

transfigurar, to transfigure&

transformaciNn, Of&O, transformation, metamor(hosis&



transformar, to transform, change, metamor(hose&

trans(arentar, to cause to shine throughS to discloseS Orefl&O, to be@OorO becomeD trans(arentS to shine&

trans(arente, trans(arent, clear&

trans(oner, @of the sunD to set&

tras, behind, after&

trascurrir& 7ee transcurrir&

trasfigurar& 7ee transfigurar&

trasformaciNn& 7ee transformaciNn&

trasformar& 7ee transformar&

trasgo, nr&, goblin, evil s(irit, malicious elf&

tras(arentar& O7eeO trans(arentar&

tras(arente& O7eeO trans(arente&

tras(lantar, to trans(lantS Orefl&O, to be trans(lantedS to migrate&

tras(oner& O7eeO trans(oner&

trastornar, to turn u(side don, overturn, overthro, confuse&

tratar, to treat, deal, tryS )) de, to treat as, considerS Orefl&O, totreat, be a question @OorO matterD, be concerned&

travs, Om&O, obliquity, biasS )) @OorO alD de, across, through,beteen&

traIar, to form, (lanS mal traIado, of evil a((earance&

trbol, Om&O, trefoil, clover&

trece, thirteen&

treinta, thirty&

tremendo, )a, tremendous, aful&

tremulo, )a, tremulous, trembling&

trenIa, Of&O, braid @of hairD, hairS O(l&O, braids, braided hair&

tre(ador, climbing&

tre(ar, to climb, cral u(&

tres, three&



trescientos, )as, three hundred&

tribuna, Of&O, tribune, (ul(it, gallery, organ)loft&

tribunal, Om&O, tribunal, court&

tribute, Om&O, tribute, ta&

trigo, Om&O, heat&

trinar, to trill&

trino, Om&O, trill&

tri(as, Of& (l&O, visceraS hacerse de )) coraINn, to (luck u( courage&

tri(le, tri(le&

triste, sad, mournful, melancholy&

tristeIa, Of&O, sadness&

tristisimo, )a, Oabs& su(, of O triste, very sad&

triunfar, to trium(h&

triunfo, Om&O, trium(h&

trocar, to echange, change, (ut off&

trocha, Of&O, narro (ath, (ath, by)(ath, crossay&

trofeo, Om&O, tro(hy&

tromba, Of&O, hirlind, hirl, eddy&

trom(a, Of&O, trum(et, horn&

trom(icNn, Om&O, stumblingS ))es, stumbling&

tronco, Om&O, trunk, log, branch, shaft&

trono, Om&O, throne&

tro(a, Of&O, troo(, herd, band, body of soldiers&

tro(el, Om&O, noise, bustle, confusionS troo(, troo(s, body, crod&

tro(eIar, to stumble @con, u(onD&

trote, Om&O, trotS tomar el )), to run aay, make off&

trovador, Om&O, troubadour&

troIo, Om&O, (iece, slice&

trueno, Om&O, thundercla(, burst of thunder&



trueque, Om&O, echangeS )) de, in echange for&

truhn, Om&O, buffoon, clon&

tu, thy, your&

t_, thou, you&

tubo, Om&O, tube, (i(e&

tumba, Of&O, tomb, grave, se(ulcher&

tumbo, Om&O, tumble, fallS somersaultS dar ))s, to tumbleS hirl headover heels&

tumulto, Om&O, tumult, noise, clamor&

tumultuosamente, tumultuously&

tunica, Of&O, tunic, @floingD garment, gon&

tu(ido, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO tu(ir, dense, densely tining&

turba, Of&O, crod&

turbaciNn, Of&O, confusion, trouble&

turbar, to disturb, trouble, confuse, alarm, startle&

turbio, )a, turbid, muddy, disturbed, troubled&

turco, Om&O, Turk&

turqui, adj&, used Oonly in the e(ressionO aIul )), dark blue,indigo&

tuyo, )a, yours, thineS el )), la tuya, yours, thine&

;

_ @before o) OandO ho)D, or&

ufano, )a, (roud&

_ltimamente, finally, ultimately&

_ltimo, )a, lastS este )), the latterS hasta lo )), to the utmostS(or )), at last, finally&

ultraje, Om&O, outrage, insult, affront&

umbral, Om&O, thresholdS lintel&

umbrWa, Of&O, dense thicket&



un, una, a, anS O(l&O, some&

uncir, to yoke, harness&

_nicamente, only, solely, merely&

_nico, )a, only, soleS el )), the only one&

unido, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO unir, united, smoothS mal )), rough, uneven&

unir, to unite, joinS Orefl&O, to unite, join, touch&

uno, )a, oneS O(l&O, someS @hastaD ))s cien, @u( toD about a hundred&

uno, una, O(ron&O, one, some one, a (ersonS @elD )) y @elD otro, both&

unto, Om&O, ointment&

usar, to use&

usarced, Ocontr& ofO vuestra merced @OantiquatedOD, you&

uso, Om&O, use&

usted, Ocontr& ofO vuestra merced, you&

usura, Of&O, usury&

_til, useful&

#

vaciar, to em(ty&

vacilante, staggering, unsteady&

vacilar, to vacillate, stagger, say, reelS aver, doubt, hesitate&

vacio, )a, em(ty, void, freeS Osubst&O Om&O, s(ace, void&

vagar, to ander, saunter, flit, hover&

vago, )a, vague&

vaina, Of&O, scabbard&

valentWa, Of&O, boasting&

valer, to be orth, be valuable, be res(onsible forS mas vale incomodoque ninguno, better comfortless quarters than, none at allS Orefl&O,to avail oneself @ofD, make use @ofD&

valiente, valiant, strong, brave&



valor, Om&O, orth, courage, valor&

valla, Of&O, barrier&

valladar, Om&O, ram(art, defense, embankment, barrier&

valle, Om&O, vale, valley&

vamos, \vamosQ 7ee ir&

vandalismo, Om&O, vandalism&

vanidad, OfO, vanity&

vano, )a, vainS en )), in vain

va(or, Om&O, va(or, fumes, (erfume&

va(oroso, )a, va(orous&

vara, OfO, and, staff, verge, yard&

vario, )a, varied, varying, various, different&

varNn, Om&O, man&

varonil, vigorous, manly, s(irited, loud&

vasallo, Om&O, vassal&

vaso, Om&O, vesselS (itcherS jugS @aterD glassS lam(&

vstago, Om&O, scion&

vasto, )a, vast&

\vayaQ 7ee ir&

vecino, )a, neighboring, adjoiningS Osubst& m& or f&O, neighborSO(l&O, neighbors, residents, citiIens&

vehemencia, Of&O, vehemence, violence&

veinte, tenty&

veinticuatro, tenty)fourS Osubst& (l& m&O, aldermen, the tenty)fourcity councilors of 7eville or other cities of Andalusia&

vela, Of&O, atch, vigilS candleS grito de )), atch)cry&

velada, Of&O, vigil, akefulness, atch&

velar, to atch, ake, kee( guard, atch overS to veil, cover, hide&

veleta, Of&O, eather)cock @OorO vaneD&

velo, Om&O, veil, mist&



vellNn, Om&O, fleece, ool&

vena, Of&O, vein&

venablo, Om&O, javelin, s(ear&

venado, Om&O, deer, stag&

vencedor, Om&O, conqueror, victor&

vencer, to conquer, overcome&

vendaval, Om&O, vendaval, strong ind @south by estDS strong indfrom the sea&

vender, to sell&

vendido, )a, Oadj& ((, ofO vender, sold, bartered&

venerable, venerable&

venganIa, Of&O, vengeance&

venido, Osubst& m&O, comer, arrivalS recien )), recent arrival&

venir, to come, occurS )) al mundo, to be bornS )) rom(er, to break&

ventajoso, )a, advantageous&

ventana,Of&O, indo&

#entura, Of&O, chance, fortuneS (or )), by chance, (erchance&

ver, to see, look at, atch, observeS (or lo que veo, as ! seeSevidentlyS \ )) ))Q let?s seeQ come noQ estar viendolo, to see itSto be (resentS Orefl&O, to be seen, be visibleS no )se con, to havenothing to do ith, have no connection ith&

veracidad, Of&O, veracity&

verano, Om&O, summer&

veras,Of& (l&O, truth, seriousnessS con todas )), in all truth @OorOseriousnessD&

verdad, Of&O, truthS con )), really, trulyS )) es, it is trueS the

truth isS ser ))R can it be trueR

verdaderamente, truly, in truth&

verdadero, )a, true, real, genuine, regular&

verde, green&

verdura, Of&O, verdure, green&



vereda, Of&O, (ath, foot)(ath&

vergênIa, Of&O shame&

verWdico, )a, truthful, veracious, authentic&

verja, Of&O grating, railing, altar)rail&

verosimilitud, Of&O, (robability, likelihood, verisimility&

versado, )a, versed, skilled&

verso, Om&O, verse, line&

verter, to shed, (our, (our forth, emit, cast&

verticalmente, vertically&

vertiente, Of&O, aterfall, cascade&

vertiginoso, )a, vertiginous, diIIy, confusing, (roducing diIIiness&

vrtigo, Om&O, vertigo, diIIiness&

vestido, Om&O, clothingS O(l&O, clothes, clothing&

vestidura, Of&O, dress, a((arel, gonS robe&

vestigio, Om&O, vestige, ruin&

vestir, to clothe, dressS to adorn, deck, hang @de, ithD&

vetusto, )a, old, ancient&

veI, Of&O, time, (lace, stead, turnS la )), at @one andD the sametimeS su )), in @its, his, her, their, OorO yourD turnS alguna )),sometimesS cada )), constantly, continually, everS cada )) que, everytime thatS heneverS cuantas veces, as often asS de )) en cuando, fromtime to timeS every no and thenS at intervalsS de una )), at once,suddenly, abru(tly holly, once for allS \acabaramos de una ))Q elland goodQ en )), in (lace, insteadS una )) ms, once moreS otra )),again, once moreS Nr dos veces, ticeS tal )), (erha(s, (erchanceS una)) y otra, again and againS unas veces, sometimes&

via, Of&O, ay&

viaje, Om&O, tri(, journey, voyage&

vWbora, Of&O, vi(er&

vibrante, vibrating&

vibrar, to vibrate&

#icente, Om&O, #incent& O7eeO donde&

victima, Of&O, victim&



victoria, Of&O, victory&

vida, Of&O, lifeS )), aliveS con )), aliveS dejar la )), to die&

vidriera,Of&O, indo, indo)(ane&

vidrio, Om&O, glass, (ane, indo (aneS ))s de colores, stained glass@indosD&

viejo, )a, oldS de (uro )), from sheer old ageS Osubst& m& and f&O,old man, old oman&

vientecillo, Om&O, breeIe, gentle ind&

viento, Om&O, ind, breeIe&

viernes, Om&O, 8ridayS #iernes 7anto, Good 8riday&

vigilancia, Of&O, vigilance&

vigilante, Om&O, atch, guard&

vigilia, Of&O, vigil, aking, slee(lessness&

vil, base, vile&

villa, Of&O, city, ton&

villancico, Om&O, :hristmas carol&

villano, )a, common, lo)born, base)bornS Osubst& m&O, villein @orvillainD, serf&

vino, Om&O, ine&

violencia, Of&O, violenceS con )), violently, loudly&

violento, )a, violent&

violeta, Of&O, violet&

vira, Of&O, dart, arro&

virgen, Of&O, virgin&

visera, Of&O, visor&

visible, visible, evident, a((arent&

vision, Of&O, vision, sight, scene, fancy&

visitar, to visit&

viso, Om&O, a((earance&

vis(era, Of&O, eve, day beforeS O(l&O, ves(ers&



vista, Of&O, sight, vie, glance, gaIe, visionS dar )) , to come intovie ofS (erder de )), to lose sight ofS tender la )), to direct one?sglanceS to look, glance, cast a glance&

visto, )a, Oadj& ((& ofO ver, seen, visible, familiarS no @or nuncaD)), not @OorO neverD seen @beforeDS etraordinary, onderful, strangeS

(or lo )), evidently, a((arently, visibly&

vistoso, )a, (leasing to the eye, delightful, shoy&

viuda, Of&O, ido&

vivir, to live, dellS no vivo hasta ver, ! am dying to see&

vivir, Osubst& m&O, living, life&

vivo, )a, alive, living&

vocerWa, Of&O, clamor, outcry&

volante, flyingS columna )), flying column&

#olar, to fly, fly aay, go by, (ass, run&

volcn, Om&O, volcano&

voltear, to turn, hirl, revolve, ander, flit, glitter, sing&

voluntad, Of&O, ill&

volu(tuosidad, Of&O, volu(tuousness&

volu(tuoso, )a, volu(tuous&

volver, to turn, turn over, returnS )) &&& @Oinfin&OD, to &&&@Oinfin&OD againS )) en sW, to come to oneselfS to regainconsciousnessS )) gru(as, to turn backS )) (ies, to turn @one?sDste(sS )) (ies atrs, to turn backS Orefl&O, to turn, turn round,return&

vos, you&

vosotros, )as, you&

voI, Of&O, voice, tone, sound, cry, ordS grandes voces, in a loudvoiceS loudlyS )) herida, in clanging tonesS media )), in a lo

toneS softlyS toda )), at the to( of their voicesS dar una gran )),to call out loudly&

vuelo, Om&O, flightS al )), flyingS on the ingS abatir el )), toalightS levantar el )), to rise in flight&

vuelta, Of&O, turn, returnS liningS O(l&O, cuffs, la(els, etc& @that(art of a garment turned back and shoing the liningD, liningS dar una)), to take a turn, take a alkS dar ))s, to turn, ind, hirl,revolve&



vuelto, )a, O((& ofO volverS ))de es(aldas, ith @hisD back turned&

vuestro, )a, your, yoursS el )), la vuestra, yours&

vulgar, common, ordinary&

vulgarmente, vulgarly, commonly&

vulgo, Om&O, (eo(le, common (eo(le&

vulnerable, vulnerable&

'

y, and&

ya, already, no, soon, longer, indeedS )) &&& )), no &&& no @OorO

againDS either orS no &&& )) @OorO )) no &&&D, no longerS )) que,sinceS si )), if indeedS si )) no, unlessS )) allW, hen they hadarrived there&

yacer, to lie&

yerto, )a, stiff, rigid, motionless, lifeless, desolate&

yo, !&

yunque, Om&O, anvil&

K

Iagal, Om&O, she(herd boy&

Iambomba, Of&O, Iambomba, a kind of rustic drum consisting of a skinstretched over the mouth of a jar, ith a reed fastened at the center&This rubbed u( and don ith the moistened hand (roduces a strong,hoarse, monotonous sound&

Iam(oUa, Of&O, rustic flute&

IarIa, Of&O, bramble, brier, thorny bush, bramble)bush&

IarIal, Om&O, bramble, brier, bramble thicket&

IigIag, Om&O, IigIag&

Iumba, Of&O, jest, joke, raillery&

Iumbar, to buII, hum, murmur, histle, sound, resound, vibrate&

Iumbido, Om&O, humming, buIIing&



IurrNn, Om&O, bag, (ouch, (rovision)bag&

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