TALENT DEVELOPMENT, KEY TO MALAYSIA’S VENTURE INTO … Weekly Bulletin/MITI... · 2017. 5. 2. · Skills Development Centre’s (PSDC) Precision Machining & Industry 4.0 Centre

MITI Tower, No. 7, Jalan Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah, 50480 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Tel: +603 - 8000 8000 Fax: +603 - 6202 9446

MITI Weekly Bulletin | www.miti.gov.my

25 April 2017, Penang - “Malaysia has a strong manufacturing base. However, to stay competitive, our companies have no choice but to embrace intelligent production and include more Industry 4.0 elements into their operations. While we emphasise on the need to adopt new technologies and processes, the success of any industry relies heavily on human capital. We recognise the shortfalls in this area and are looking seriously into talent development. We want to ensure that our workers have the necessary skills and competencies to advance the country’s economic transformation agenda” said YB Dato’ Sri Mustapa Mohamed, Minister of International Trade and Industry (MITI) at the Officiating Ceremony of the Penang Skills Development Centre’s (PSDC) Precision Machining & Industry 4.0 Centre of Excellence and Dialogue today.

YB Dato’ Seri Mustapa highlighted that the Government provides many incentives to encourage the transformation of the manufacturing sector. Companies in Malaysia are urged to be more responsive, more innovative and adapt to new ways of doing things. The participation and support of stakeholders such as PSDC and the industry players is crucial towards achieving the goal.

TALENT DEVELOPMENT, KEY TO MALAYSIA’S VENTURE INTO INDUSTRY 4.0

“Today, I am very happy to list PSDC as part of Malaysia’s transformation efforts, particularly in addressing the lack of knowledge and understanding on the new technologies, heavy cost of equipment investment and talent shortage. I would like to commend PSDC for taking up the challenge in preparing industries to adopt new technologies through the provision of proper training and shared services to the industry,” the Minister added. “MITI, through MIDA recognises PSDC’s role and contribution, and is proud to support the expansion through awarding a matching grant of RM4.85 million for PSDC to purchase new equipment for their workshop upgrade. We believe that this investment is both fundamental and crucial specifically to support the growth of the E&E, medical devices and aerospace ecosystems,” said YB Dato’ Sri Mustapa.

Also present was Dato’ Azman Mahmud, Chief Executive Officer of the Malaysian Investment Development Authority (MIDA) and the Chairman of the PSDC Management Council, Dr. Juergen Schloesser.

During his welcoming remarks, Dr. Schloesser said, “The PSDC Precision Machining Workshop was first set up in November 1991 in response to the industry’s need for more CNC craftsmen, machinists, tool and die makers, and production technologists. Over the years, we were able to constantly upgrade our machines, thanks to the generosity and assistance from the Industry as well as capital grants from the Federal Government. Through the respective Malaysia Plans, more than RM20 million has been channeled to support PSDC’s investment in Applied Engineering machines and equipment. As a result, we were able to produce more than 5,000 machinists through our Applied Engineering courses.”

“In 2016, the PSDC embarked on its quest to be the Centre of Excellence for Industry 4.0 in Penang and Malaysia. Our key role is to bring understanding on this subject and lead the charge in preparing industries to adopt new technologies by providing the right platform for learning, training and development. Towards that objective, we started work on upgrading our labs, including the Precision Machining Workshop. With the support from MIDA, we were able to purchase 11 new machines and equipment, including the Mazak INTEGREX i-Series Multi-Tasking CNC Turn Mill 9 Axis machine worth RM1.7 million. This will enable us to expand our training capabilities to further support the requirements of the industry,” he added.

In conjunction with the officiating ceremony was a Scholarship and Donation Presentation Ceremony by the industry partners of PSDC. The nine companies donated and contributed scholarships and equipment with a total worth of more than RM2.6 million to PSDC. The companies were Inari Amertron, UWC Holdings, NI Malaysia, Sophic Automation, TechSource Systems, Mitutoyo (M), JHT Design Co Ltd, as well as DP Technology, USA and Spring Technologies, France which were represented by WCS Solutions.

Ministry of International Trade and Industry



5.8 5.7 5.5 5.3 5.0 5.0 4.9 4.7 4.5 4.3 4.3 4.1 4.00

2

4

6

8

NegeriSembilan

Johor Kedah &Perlis

Melaka WP KualaLumpur

PulauPinang

Selangor &WP

Putrajaya

Kelantan Perak Pahang Terengganu Sabah & WP Labuan

Sarawak

%

Inflation Rate by State, March 2017Year on Year change of Consumer Price Index (CPI)

Source : Department of Statistics, Malaysia

Malaysia5.1%

Note : The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the percentage change through time in the cost of purchasing a constant “basket” of goods and services representing the average pattern of purchases made by a particular population group in a specified time period.

MALAYSIA

CPI: Index Numbers for Overall and Selected Main Groups



CPI by Major Categories, March 2017

Food And Non-AlcoholicBeverages

Dec 2016: 128.0 y-o-y growth: 4.1%

Health

Dec 2016: 120.2 y-o-y growth: 2.6%

Housing, Water, Electricity, Gas and Other Fuels

Dec 2016: 116.0

y-o-y growth: 2.1%

Communication

Dec 2016: 97.9 y-o-y growth: -0.2%

Recreation Services and Culture

Dec 2016: 111.4 y-o-y growth: 3.0%

Restaurants & Hotel

Dec 2016: 127.5 y-o-y growth:2.3%

Clothing and Footwear

Dec 2016: 98.4 y-o-y growth: -0.2%

Education

Dec 2016: 116.6 y-o-y growth: 1.7%

Transport

Dec 2016: 119.4 y-o-y growth: 23.0%

CPI for Selected Sub-groups Food and Non Alcoholic Beverages, March 2017

Rice, bread and other cereals

Mar 2017:109.1 0.7%

Oils and FatsMar 2017:142.0

38.8%

Milk and eggMar 2017:123.3

-0.4%

Food away from home

Mar 2017:130.04.4%

MeatMar 2017:124.6

3.7%Fish & seafoodMar 2017:144.9

5.2%

VegetablesMar 2017:131.6

4.8%Note : % change year-on-year


FruitsMar 2017:130.4

3.7%



6.98.0 7.4

6.45.4

7.18.1

5.5 5.5 5.2 5.7 5.7

0.9

5.6

7.7 7.7 7.6 7.1 6.3

9.5

13.0 13.512.5

8.69.5

1.1

12.5

15.7 15.113.9

12.513.4

17.618.5 18.9

17.6

14.315.2

0

5

10

15

20

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 (Jan-Feb)

RM billion

Exports Imports Total Trade

France Economic Indicators, 2016

Malaysia’s Trade with France, 2005 - Feb 2017

Major Exports, 2016/2015 Major Imports, 2016/2015

Source: IMF, World Bank, Ceicdata, WTO

International Report


Population : 64.6 million Land area : 547,557 sq. km

GDP (current US$) : US$2,463.2 billionInflation rate : 0.18%Unemployment rate : 10.042%Global trade : US$1,074.3 billion (Rank: 5)Global exports : US$501.3 billion (Rank: 7)Global imports : US$573.0 billion (Rank: 6)

HS Code Product2015

RM mil2016

RM milChange

%

85 Electrical machinery and equipment 3,337.3 3,567.6 6.9

84 Machinery appliances 383.3 465.7 21.5

40 Rubber and articles 391.4 376.4 -3.8

88 Aircraft and spacecraft 171.6 211.7 23.3

90Optical, photographic, precision, medical apparatus

108.0 120.6 11.6

HS Code Product2015

RM mil2016

RM milChange

%

88 Aircraft and spacecraft 3,478.8 4,197.7 20.7

85Electrical machinery and equipment

858.3 882.8 2.9

84 Machinery appliances 672.2 747.6 11.222 Beverages, spirits and vinegar 683.8 705.5 3.230 Pharmaceutical products 434.4 469.6 8.1

France



Retail e-commerce Sales CAGR Forecast in Selected Countries from 2016 to 2021

12.2

12.3

12.6

13.7

13.9

14.4

15

15.7

16.7

17.2

17.4

18.3

20.7

23.0

23.7

0 5 10 15 20 25

Saudi Arabia

Serbia

Estonia

Turkey

Argentina

Romania

South Africa

Mexico

Thailand

Viet Nam

China

Philippines

Indonesia

India

Malaysia

Compound annual growth rate

%

Source:https://www.statista.com

Malaysia



Note: * Provisional data Source: Ministry of International Trade and Industry, Malaysia

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

5 Fe

b

12 F

eb

19 F

eb

26 F

eb

5 M

ar

12 M

ar

19 M

ar

26 M

ar

2 A

pr

9 A

pr

16 A

pr

23 A

pr

No. o

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tific

ate

of O

rigin

RM m

il.

Generalised System of Preferences (GSP)

Total FOB (RM mil.) Total CO

Note: The preference giving countries under the GSP scheme are Liechtenstein, the Russian Federation, Japan, Switzerland, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Norway.

Number and Value of Preferential Certificates of Origin (PCOs)

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,0005

Feb

12 F

eb

19 F

eb

26 F

eb

5 M

ar

12 M

ar

19 M

ar

26 M

ar

2 A

pr

9 A

pr

16 A

pr

23 A

pr

No. o

f Cer

tific

ate

of O

rigin

RM m

il.

ASEAN Trade in Goods Agreement (ATIGA)


0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

5 Fe

b

12 F

eb

19 F

eb

26 F

eb

5 M

ar

12 M

ar

19 M

ar

26 M

ar

2 A

pr

9 A

pr

16 A

pr

23 A

pr

No. o

f Cer

tific

ate

of O

rigin

RM m

il.

ASEAN-China Free Trade Agreement (ACFTA)


0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

5 Fe

b

12 F

eb

19 F

eb

26 F

eb

5 M

ar

12 M

ar

19 M

ar

26 M

ar

2 A

pr

9 A

pr

16 A

pr

23 A

pr

No. o

f Cer

tific

ate

of O

rigin

RM m

il.

ASEAN-Korea Free Trade Agreement (AKFTA)


0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

5 Fe

b

12 F

eb

19 F

eb

26 F

eb

5 M

ar

12 M

ar

19 M

ar

26 M

ar

2 A

pr

9 A

pr

16 A

pr

23 A

pr

No. o

f Cer

tific

ate

of O

rigin

RM m

il.

ASEAN-Japan Comprehensive Economic Partnership (AJCEP)


0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

5 Fe

b

12 F

eb

19 F

eb

26 F

eb

5 M

ar

12 M

ar

19 M

ar

26 M

ar

2 A

pr

9 A

pr

16 A

pr

23 A

pr

No. o

f Cer

tific

ate

of O

rigin

RM m

il.

ASEAN-India Free Trade Agreement (AIFTA)


0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

5 Fe

b

12 F

eb

19 F

eb

26 F

eb

5 M

ar

12 M

ar

19 M

ar

26 M

ar

2 A

pr

9 A

pr

16 A

pr

23 A

pr

No. o

f Cer

tific

ate

of O

rigin

RM m

il.

ASEAN-Australia-New Zealand Free Trade Agreement (AANZFTA)




Note: * Provisional data Source: Ministry of International Trade and Industry, Malaysia

Number and Value of Preferential Certificates of Origin (PCOs)

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1,000

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

9005

Feb

12 F

eb

19 F

eb

26 F

eb

5 M

ar

12 M

ar

19 M

ar

26 M

ar

2 A

pr

9 A

pr

16 A

pr

23 A

pr

No. o

f Cer

tific

ate

of O

rigin

RM m

il.

Malaysia-Japan Economic Partnership (MJEPA)


0

50

100

150

200

250

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

5 Fe

b

12 F

eb

19 F

eb

26 F

eb

5 M

ar

12 M

ar

19 M

ar

26 M

ar

2 A

pr

9 A

pr

16 A

pr

23 A

pr

No. o

f Cer

tific

ate

of O

rigin

RM m

il.

Malaysia-Pakistan Closer Economic Partnership (MPCEPA)


0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

5 Fe

b

12 F

eb

19 F

eb

26 F

eb

5 M

ar

12 M

ar

19 M

ar

26 M

ar

2 A

pr

9 A

pr

16 A

pr

23 A

pr

No. o

f Cer

tific

ate

of O

rigin

RM m

il.

Malaysia-New Zealand Free Trade Agreement (MNZFTA)


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

5 Fe

b

12 F

eb

19 F

eb

26 F

eb

5 M

ar

12 M

ar

19 M

ar

26 M

ar

2 A

pr

9 A

pr

16 A

pr

23 A

pr

No. o

f Cer

tific

ate

of O

rigin

RM m

il.

Malaysia-China Free Trade Agreement (MCFTA)


0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

5 Fe

b

12 F

eb

19 F

eb

26 F

eb

5 M

ar

12 M

ar

19 M

ar

26 M

ar

2 A

pr

9 A

pr

16 A

pr

23 A

pr

No. o

f Cer

tific

ate

of O

rigin

RM m

il.

Malaysia-India Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement (MICECA)


0

100

200

300

400

500

600

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

5 Fe

b

12 F

eb

19 F

eb

26 F

eb

5 M

ar

12 M

ar

19 M

ar

26 M

ar

2 A

pr

9 A

pr

16 A

pr

23 A

pr

No. o

f Cer

tific

ate

of O

rigin

RM m

il.

Malaysia-Australia Free Trade Agreement (MAFTA)


0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

5 Fe

b

12 F

eb

19 F

eb

26 F

eb

5 M

ar

12 M

ar

19 M

ar

26 M

ar

2 A

pr

9 A

pr

16 A

pr

23 A

pr

No. o

f Cer

tific

ate

of O

rigin

RM m

il.

Malaysia-Turkey Free Trade Agreement (MTFTA)




Source : Bank Negara, Malaysia

Malaysian Ringgit Exchange Rate with Selected Countries,January 2016 - April 2017

US Dollar

Chinese Yuan

Thai Baht

Japanese Yen

Singapore Dollar

New Taiwan Dollar

4.34814.4072

3.60

3.70

3.80

3.90

4.00

4.10

4.20

4.30

4.40

4.50

4.60

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr

2016 2017

RM

USD 1 = RM

0.6615

0.6396

0.57

0.58

0.59

0.60

0.61

0.62

0.63

0.64

0.65

0.66

0.67


2016 2017

RM

CNY 1 = RM

12.0200

12.7875

10.00

10.50

11.00

11.50

12.00

12.50

13.00


2016 2017

RM

THB 100 = RM

3.6805

4.0057

3.30

3.40

3.50

3.60

3.70

3.80

3.90

4.00

4.10


2016 2017

RM

JPY 100 = RM

3.0323

3.1521

2.75

2.80

2.85

2.90

2.95

3.00

3.05

3.10

3.15

3.20


2016 2017

RM

SGD 1 = RM

12.9926

14.5092

8.00

9.00

10.00

11.00

12.00

13.00

14.00

15.00


2016 2017

RM

TWD 100 = RM



Sources: Ministry of International Trade and Industry Malaysia, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Malaysian Rubber Board, Malaysian Cocoa Board, Malaysian Iron and Steel Industry Federation, Bloomberg and Czarnikow Group.

Commodity Prices

Notes: All figures have been rounded to the nearest decimal point * Refer to % change from the previous week’s price i Average price in the year except otherwise indicated

CRUDE PETROLEUM (BRENT)-per bbl-

28 Apr 2017 : US$51.7, 0.4%*

Average Pricei : 2016: US$45.3 2015: US$53.6

CRUDE PALM OIL-per MT-

28 Apr 2017 : US$673.0, 5.9%*Average Pricei : 2016: US$702.2 2015: US$616.9

RUBBER SMR 20-per MT-

28 Apr 2017 : US$1,589.0, 0.6%*

Average Pricei : 2016: US$1.394.5 2015: US$1.364.3

COAL -per MT-28 Apr 2017 : US$44.1, unchangedAverage Pricei : 2016: US$45.6 2015: US$49.9

COCOA SMC 2-per MT-

28 Apr 2017 : US$1,299.6, 2.9%*

Average Pricei : 2016: US$1,609.8 2015: US$2,077.0

SCRAP IRON HMS-per MT-

28 Apr 2017 : US$290.0 (high), 1.7% US$280.0 (low), 1.8%Average Pricei : 2016: US$243.2 2015: US$239.6

HIGHEST and LOWEST 2016/2017

Highest 6 Jan 2017 : US$57.1 30 Dec 2016 : US$56.8

Lowest

24 Mar 2017 : US$50.8

15 Jan 2016 : US$28.9

Crude Petroleum

(Brent)-per bbl-

Highest 20 Jan 2017 : US$843.0 30 Dec 2016 : US$797.5

Lowest

15 Jan 2016 : US$545.5 28 Apr 2017 : US$673.0

Crude Palm Oil -per MT-

Domestic Prices28 April 2017

Steel Bars(per MT)

RM2,020 – RM2,040

Billets(per MT)

RM1,900 – RM2,000

SUGAR -per lbs-28 Apr 2017 : US¢ 16.1, 2.3%*

Average Pricei : 2016: US¢18.2 2015: US¢13.2



Commodity Price Trends

Sources: Ministry of International Trade and Industry Malaysia, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Malaysian Rubber Board, Malaysian Cocoa Board, Malaysian Pepper Board, Bloomberg and Czarnikow Group, World Bank, World Gold Council, The Wall Street Journal.

807.0 807.0

779.5

740.5746.0

739.0746.0

725.0

691.0 693.0

715.0

673.0

600

650

700

750

800

850

10 Feb 17 Feb 24 Feb 3 Mar 10 Mar 17 Mar 24 Mar 31 Mar 7 Apr 13 Apr 21 Apr 28 Apr

US$

/mt

Crude Palm Oil

1,485.71,473.4

1,502.9

1,473.2

1,380.31,385.3

1,474.6

1,568.8

1,491.01,532.4

1,424.2

1,262.8

1,299.6

1,200

1,250

1,300

1,350

1,400

1,450

1,500

1,550

1,600

3 Feb 10 Feb 17 Feb 24 Feb 3 Mar 10 Mar17 Mar24 Mar31 Mar 7 Apr 13 Apr 21 Apr 28 Apr

US$

/mt

Cocoa

20.420.3

19.819.5

18.018.2

17.7

16.8 16.816.6 16.5

16.1

14.0

15.0

16.0

17.0

18.0

19.0

20.0

21.0


US¢

/lbs

Sugar

2,193.0 2,183.0

2,059.5

2,108.5

2,010.02,033.5

1,902.0

1,834.5

1,756.0

1,627.51,598.5 1,589.0

1,400

1,500

1,600

1,700

1,800

1,900

2,000

2,100

2,200

2,300


US$

/mt

Rubber SMR 20

6,900 7,088 7,113

7,281

6,917 6,851 6,730

6,337

6,085 5,965

4,516

3,984

4,366

4,605

4,170

3,000

3,500

4,000

4,500

5,000

5,500

6,000

6,500

7,000

7,500

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar

2016 2017

USD

/ to

nne

Black Pepper

* until 7 April 2017



Sources: Ministry of International Trade and Industry Malaysia, , Malaysian Iron and Steel Industry Federation, Bloomberg and Czarnikow Group, World Bank, World Gold Council, The Wall Street Journal.

44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1

43.5

43.6

43.7

43.8

43.9

44.0

44.1

44.2


US$

/mt

Coal

1,481

1,531

1,531

1,571 1,551

1,591

1,629 1,641

1,589

1,663

1,737 1,728

1,790

1,861

1,901

1,400

1,500

1,600

1,700

1,800

1,900

2,000


2016 2017

US$

/ to

nne

Aluminium

4,472 4,599

4,954 4,873

4,695 4,633

4,865 4,759 4,716

4,726

5,451

5,660 5,743

5,941 5,825

4,000

4,500

5,000

5,500

6,000

6,500


2016 2017

US$

/ to

nne

Copper

8,507 8,299

8,717 8,879

8,660

8,906

10,263

10,366

10,176

10,251

11,129 10,972

9,975

10,643

10,205

7,000

7,500

8,000

8,500

9,000

9,500

10,000

10,500

11,000

11,500


2016 2017

US$

/ to

nne

Nickel

53.953.4

54.053.3

48.5 48.848.0

50.6

52.2

53.2

49.6 49.3

56.7

55.8 56.0 55.9

51.451.8

50.8

52.8

55.255.9

52.0 51.7

40

42

44

46

48

50

52

54

56

58


US$

/bbl

Crude Petroleum

Crude Petroleum (WTI)/bbl Crude Petroleum (Brent)/bbl




Sources: Ministry of International Trade and Industry Malaysia, Malaysian Iron and Steel Industry Federation, Bloomberg and Czarnikow Group, World Bank.

995.0

1,012.0

1,029.0

989.0

944.0

954.0

967.0

942.0

969.0

977.0981.0

948.0

880.0

900.0

920.0

940.0

960.0

980.0

1,000.0

1,020.0

1,040.0


US$

/oz

Platinum

320.0 320.0 320.0

310.0 310.0

320.0

330.0 330.0

300.0 300.0

295.0

290.0

290.0 290.0 290.0 290.0 290.0

310.0 310.0 310.0

290.0 290.0

275.0

280.0

250

260

270

280

290

300

310

320

330

340

3 Feb 13 Feb 17 Feb 26 Feb 3 Mar 13 Mar 17 Mar 24 Mar 31 Mar 14 Apr 21 Apr 28 Apr

US$

/mt

Scrap Iron

Scrap Iron/MT (High) Scrap Iron/MT(Low)

42.0

47.0

56.0

61.0

55.052.0

57.0

61.058.0 59.0

73.0

80.0 80.0

89.0 88.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

90.0

100.0


2016 2017

US$

/dm

tu

Iron Ore

17.7

18.0

18.4

17.8

17.1

17.3

17.6

18.2

18.4

18.6

17.9

17.3

16.0

16.5

17.0

17.5

18.0

18.5

19.0


US$

/oz

Silver

39.5

39.9

40.3

39.4

38.7

39.5

40.1 40.0

40.7

41.3 41.2

40.7

37.0

37.5

38.0

38.5

39.0

39.5

40.0

40.5

41.0

41.5

42.0


US$

/oz

Gold




SEMICON Southeast Asia 2015 Opening Ceremony by YB Dato’ Sri Mustapa MohamedMinister International Trade & Industry (MITI), 25 April 2017

MITI Programme



ASEAN Leaders’ Summit 201729 April 2017, Manila



Announcement

Safe Online Banking Practices by Bank Negara Malaysia

You may click on https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AIMfG9rcmO8&feature=youtu.be to view the video which provides tips on staying safe while doing online banking.







Of Technical Terms

NTBsNon-Tariff Barrier - refer to restrictions that result from prohibitions, conditions, or specific market requirements that make importation or exportation of products difficult and/or costly. NTBs also include unjustified and/or improper application of Non-Tariff Measures (NTMs) such as sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures and other technical barriers to Trade (TBT). NTBs arise from different measures taken by governments and authorities in the form of government laws, regulations, policies, conditions, restrictions or specific requirements, and private sector business practices, or prohibitions that protect the domestic industries from foreign competition.

NTMsNon-Tariff Measures - in general, this term is used to identify any measure which is not based on tariff and is applied in order to protect domestic industries. Many non-tariff measures originated from legitimate purposes, for example, human health protection, and are applied in accordance with WTO rules. Agreements such as the Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS) and the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) allow governments to practice legal benefit protection measures while minimizing obstacles to trade and avoiding the application of “disguised protectionism”.

Examples of NTMs:Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures:Measures that are applied to protect human or animal life from risks arising from: additives, contaminants, toxins or disease-causing organisms in food.• Geographical restrictions on eligibility: Imports of dairy products from countries.

Non-Tariff BarrierGovernment law, regulation, policy, condition, restriction, or specific requirement, and private sector business practice or prohibition, that protects a domestic industry from foreign competition.

Non-Ad Valorem Tariff (Non-AVE)Non-ad valorem duty refers to either specific duties, compound duties or mixed duties.

National TreatmentIs a principle in international law vital to many treaty regimes. It essentially means treating foreigners and locals equally. Under national treatment, if a state grants a particular right, benefit or privilege to its own citizens, it must also grant those advantages to the citizens of other states while they are in that country. In the context of international agreements, a state must provide equal treatment to those citizens of other states that are participating in the agreement. Imported and locally-produced goods should be treated equally — at least after the foreign goods have entered the market.



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