Taking the Toeic 2 Answer Key New1

8/17/2019 Taking the Toeic 2 Answer Key New1

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Chapter 1 Listening PracticePart 1 Picture Description

Theme Notes (page 16)

A. House and Home

B. Workplace

C. Restaurant and Stores

D. Other Public Places

Mini-test

A. House and Home (page 18)

1. (A) The TV is located on the wall.

2. (C) The people are sitting on the patio.

3. (C) There is a bed with sheets and pillowcases.

4. (D) A car is parked in front of the garage.

5. (A) The buildings overlook the pool.

6. (A) The woman is cooking in her kitchen.

7. (B) There is a shower and a sink in the bathroom.

8. (D) The chair is currently unoccupied.

9. (A) Laundry is being put into the washing machine.

10. (B) People are attending a yard sale.

11. (B) The boy is running down some steps.

12. (D) The boy is standing in front of the sink.

13. (C) The boy is holding the TV remote control.

14. (C) The family is sitting down for a meal.

15. (B) The sheet is being put on the bed.

B. Workplace (page 23)

1. (B) The man is wearing a protective helmet.

2. (A) A man and woman are reading building plans.

3. (B) The people are typing on keyboards.

4. (B) The man is using a pen to record information.

5. (C) The people are working on a project.

6. (D) Two women are eating lunch at their desk.

7. (A) The people are greeting each other.

8. (B) The man is writing something down.

9. (D) The woman is working at her desk.

10. (C) The doctor is checking a patient’s x-ray.

11. (B) There is a firefighter on top of the fire truck.

12. (B) The man is operating some electronicmachinery.

13. (C) The people are at a seminar.

14. (A) The man is standing on the porch.

15. (C) The sales clerk is ringing up the customer’spurchase.

C. Restaurants and Stores (page 28)

1. (B) A car is at a drive-through window.

2. (C) The woman is helping herself to some food.

3. (B) The woman is examining some fruit.

4. (C) The couple is eating a meal together in a

restaurant.5. (D) The people are having drinks at a bar.

6. (B) The women are looking at each other.

7. (C) The woman is holding a plant.

8. (C) The wine is being poured for the people.

9. (A) The woman is selecting something from thecase.

10. (C) Some brushes are on display.

11. (B) The woman is resting her chin in her hand.

12. (B) The tables have been cleaned.

13. (C) Loaves of bread are lined up on the backshelves.

14. (C) The boy is holding a boxed game.

15. (D) The girl is looking at a shelf full of candy jars.

D. Other Public Places (page 33)

1. (B) The people are wearing swimming goggles.

2. (C) The race is taking place on a road.

3. (A) People are attending an exhibit.

4. (B) The people are playing on the swings.

5. (D) The escalator is going upwards.

6. (A) The people are sitting in a park.

7. (C) The boat is docked next to the pier.

8. (B) Few people are riding in the subway car.

9. (C) The family is skating together on a park path.

10. (C) The people are drinking from bottles.

11. (B) The woman is handing the man a key.

12. (C) There are many empty seats in the hall.

13. (C) The man is studying alone in the library.

14. (A) The taxi has passed by the woman.

15. (B) A small picnic has been prepared.

Tips

Know the directions for Part 1.

Look at the first few pictures while the

directions are playing.Ask yourself, “Who?” “Where?” “What?”

Focus on the main action in the photo.

Eliminate the answer choices that areobviously incorrect.

Evaluate the answer choices and mark theanswer if you know it. If you fail to select your

answer, make a guess and move on to the

next picture.


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Part 2 Questions and Responses(additional examples)


A. Interrogative

1.Who

Who is the person in charge of inventory?

__ You should check the inventory.

__ The person you need is Mark Kendall.

2. What

What’s the agenda for the meeting tomorrow?

__ We’ll discuss consumer -related issues.

__ Yes, there will be a meeting tomorrow.

3. WhichWhich flight schedule is better?

__ If I were you, I’d take a red-eye flight.

__ I don’t think that is better.

4. When

When will the order be placed?

__ The place is around the corner.

__ We’ll call the supplier this afternoon.

5. WhereWhere can I find the cereals?

__ It’s on aisle 16 next to the dairy products.

__ This cereal is really good.

6. Why

Why did Joe leave the company?

__ He lives nearby.

__ He got a better job offer in New York.

7. How

How do I cancel my reservation?

__ You should call your travel agent.

__ No, I did not cancel.

B. Yes/No

1. Be

Is the vending machine working properly?

__ We already had it fixed.

__ There are two vending machines here.

2. Will

Will Mr. Yamamoto attend the meeting?

__ I don’t think so.

__ Mr. Yamamoto is the CEO.

3. Do

Do you have the latest file on the annual sales report?

__ I think Shiela has it. __ Yes, I think that will work.

4. Have

Have you printed the documents yet?

__ I left them on your desk this morning.

__ Yes, we have a new printer.

C. Tag

This is the way to the park, isn’t it?

__ Park your car over there.

__ It’s straight ahead.

He’s the new department head, isn’t he?

__ Yes, he just started yesterday.

__ The department has a new protocol.

D. Indirect

Could you possibly tell me how to contact Mr.

Simpson? __ Sure, let me get his direct line for you.

__ He is the contact person.

Does anyone know where I can find the manager’soffice?

__ It’s the room on the left, down the hall.

__ Mrs. Robinson is the new manager.

Tips Know the directions for Part 2.

Know the question types, so you know whattype of answer is required.

Pay attention to: similar sounding words, tagquestions, and indirect answers (i.e.

sometimes a yes/no answer does not have

“yes” or “no”).

Note: Sometimes you will not hear a question

but a statement.

Focus on the purpose of the question.

Eliminate choices that obviously don’t fit thesituation.


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Mini-test

A. Interrogative (page 40)

1. (A) In the meeting room, I think.

2. (C) In half an hour.

3. ( A) She’s late for work.

4. (A) It’s not certain yet.

5. (B) That’s an excellent idea.

6. (A) A business suit would be appropriate.7. (C) They’ve got a sales meeting.

8. (B) I’ll check the guest list.

9. (C) I’ll keep trying until I find one.

10. (A) To a budget meeting.

11. (A) They used to work together.

12. (B) Sorry, I have other plans.

13. (B) The marketing manager.

14. (C) The battery needs to be charged.

15. (B) Let me find out the price.

B. Yes/No (page 40)

1. (C) At 9:00 a.m. sharp.

2. (A) I doubt I can find the time.

3. (B) Yes, I’m sorry it arrived so late.

4. (C) Actually, I’d prefer the aisle.

5. (B) They’re in the conference room.

6. (A) Thank you for reminding me.

7. (C) That’s what it says in the program.

8. (B) No, we’re buying new ones.

9. (A) I believe they’re on the website.

10. (B) Yes, quite a lot recently.

11. (B) I need another 30 minutes to finish it.

12. (A) Yes, it’s going to be a formal event.

13. (A) I’m afraid I’m in a hurry.

14. (C) No, I haven’t prepared it.

15. (C) We are, but just barely.

C. Tag (page 41)

1. (B) I don’t like it, to be honest.

2. (C) I thought it was very useful.

3. (B) I’m doing that now.

4. (A) Guide dogs are permitted by law.

5. (C) Who told you that?

6. (B) Yes, everything’s included.

7. (A) As far as I know.

8. (C) Of course, they were there.

9. (B) Yes, today is the deadline.

10. (B) I guess it can’t be helped.

11. (C) Check yesterday’s newspaper.

12. (A) Your invitation is on the desk.

13. (B) It would be my pleasure.14. (C) No, it starts in a few minutes.

15. (C) Only if we have the time for it.

D. Indirect (page 41)

1. (A) I have no idea why she would.

2. (B) That’s a great idea.

3. (B) Check over there in the conference room.

4. (A) I agree with you.

5. (C) I saw her a moment ago.

6. (B) Why don’t you ask his assistant?7. (A) That would be a good idea.

8. (C) Let me find that out for you.

9. (C) I’ll ask John if he knows.

10. (B) That shouldn’t be a problem.

11. (C) Sorry, I can’t help you.

12. (A) I don’t see why not.

13. (A) It’ll have to be bef ore noon.

14. (C) That could be a good career move for you.

15. (B) That’s the plan.

Part 3 Short Conversations


A. Office Talk

B. Personnel Changes

C. Daily Life

D. Travel Information

Mini-test

A. Office Talk (page 44)

1. (B) At an office

2. (A) His report could be late.

3. (D) He uses the Internet often for work.

4. (B) She cannot get into the storage room.

Tips

Look at the question before the dialog begins.If you have time, look at the answers as well.

While listening to the dialog, try to imaginewhere the speakers are.

Don’t answer too quickly. Read all theanswers before making your choice.

Watch out for answers that are true but arenot related to the question.

Watch out for distracting numbers whichinclude dates, times, and numbers of things or

people.


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5. (C) The administration department

6. (C) Right away

7. (B) This week

8. (A) Her schedule is too busy.

9. (D) It is unfortunate but not terrible.

10. (B) In an office reception area

11. (C) She is going to have an interview with him.

12. (D) Sign the visitors’ book 13. (B) Correcting a billing error

14. (D) He will make a phone call.

15. (A) Issue a revised statement

16. (C) An office cleaning company

17. (B) He has a problem with the trash pick-up.

18. (C) Compare cleaning rates

B. Personnel Changes (page 47)

1. (B) Their process to hire a new employee

2. (A) Exactly 50

3. (A) An engineering firm

4. (C) Company promotions

5. (D) He has been fired from his job.

6. (C) In a few days

7. (D) A sales representative

8. (D) At 3:00 p.m. on Tuesday

9. (A) Set up a projector

10. (A) Publishing

11. (D) She will work at a rival company.

12. (D) She will not give away secrets.

13. (C) Familiarity with database programs

14. (B) He must demonstrate his ability.

15. (A) He is happy to comply.

16. (B) A job opportunity

17. (D) The application process is stressful.

18. (C) It provides full health insurance.

C. Daily Life (page 50)

1. (B) The receptionist

2. (D) At 11:00 a.m. the next morning3. (C) Treating his patients

4. (B) A store sales clerk

5. (B) Discuss prices and an order

6. (C) Look at more cabinet samples

7. (B) Her friend

8. (D) The cost of attending the film

9. (D) The movie is a fundraising event.

10. (B) Before work

11. (C) To have her computer repaired

12. (A) Go on the weekend13. (C) An electric bill

14. (B) Whether the man’s meter was wrong

15. (A) Ask the company to check his meter

16. (D) A concert

17. (A) He often has to work overtime.

18. (B) Go to the next concert

D. Travel Information (page 53)

1. (A) A hotel clerk

2. (B) For a last-minute cancellation

3. (C) $120

4. (C) Booking a business class seat

5. (A) The business class section is full.

6. (B) He is not in a great hurry to get back.

7. (B) $20

8. (C) A colleague

9. (A) It is for business.

10. (D) San Francisco

11. (C) Just for a few days

12. (B) To visit one of her relatives

13. (C) A prize the man won

14. (C) He did a lot of overtime last month.

15. (A) Call the travel agency for dates16. (D) A travel agent

17. (B) His anniversary

18. (B) Look at the tours online

Part 4 Short Talks


A. Office Announcements

B. Voice Messages

C. Events

D. News and Information

Mini-test

A. Office Announcements (page 58)

1. (A) Assembly line workers2. (B) To announce enhanced safety regulations

3. (B) Employees work on weekends.

4. (B) Any employee who completed the

introductory class

5. (D) A local college

6. (B) Completion of an office systems certificate

7. (C) 4th floor

8. (C) To discuss additional topics

9. (B) The company picnic

10. (A) Details of an upcoming construction project

11. (D) A personnel manager

12. (A) Weather conditions

13. (D) In a staff meeting

14. (C) Window blinds


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15. (C) One weekend

16. (A) An issue with the venue

17. (B) Next Friday

18. (B) In the office building

B. Voice Messages (page 61)

1. (D) Patients

2. (A) Around the clock

3. (A) They are patients of Dr. Fitzroy.

4. (B) They may speak French.

5. (B) Pick up their purchases 15 minutes before themovie

6. (C) They can never be returned for any refunds.

7. (D) 8 a.m. on Monday

8. (C) They are not presently at work.

9. (A) To the Internet

10. (D) To explain a change in plans

11. (C) Company sales

12. (B) At her hotel13. (D) To confirm a prior booking

14. (C) A resort receptionist

15. (A) The number of attendees

16. (C) The post office

17. (B) One

18. (B) The sender

C. Events (page 64)

1. (A) A product launch

2. (C) A computer security workshop

3. (B) A computer analyst

4. (D) The company president

5. (B) Company sales increased by 200%.

6. (B) 20 years

7. (B) Museum visitors

8. (C) Residents and companies

9. (D) For giving valuable artifacts

10. (B) Author

11. (A) How to write creatively

12. (B) By showing confidence

13. (D) To announce the opening of a new city facility14. (C) The facility’s director

15. (D) Visitors will take a tour of the center.

16. (B) Employees

17. (D) At a local park

18. (C) A special tour package

D. News and Information (page 67)

1. (C) A radio announcer

2. (D) Due to a community event

3. (A) A weather forecast

4. (C) At a pharmacy

5. (B) Household appliances

6. (D) By asking at the customer service desk

7. (B) There is no chance.

8. (B) 24 degrees

9. (A) Spend time outside

10. (B) A construction project

11. (C) A city employee

12. (A) A traffic report

13. (B) At the boarding gate

14. (C) An equipment problem

15. (A) Wait for further instructions16. (B) On the radio

17. (D) Falling leaves

18. (A) The weather

1 Grammar Practice – Parts of Speech

Suggested act iv i ty :

Instruction: Fill in the boxes with the correct word form.

The grey box means that the word does not have this

form. There may be 2 or more possible answers for

each box.

Noun Verb Adjective Adverb

application

applicant

applicability apply applicable

honesty honest honestly

ease ease easy; easeful

easily;

easefully

transportation

transporter transport transportable

After completing the box above, fill in the blanks belowwith the correct word to complete the sentences.

1. I thought I was going to have a hard time but Imanaged to process the request easily .

2. You should ____ sunscreen on your skin before

going out to avoid sunburn. [apply]3. There are different modes of ____ in the city.

[transportation]

4. The man is a highly trained dancer, so he does thedifficult movements with ____. [ease]

5. Jack is one of the ____ people I know because hehas never lied to me. [honest]

1 Parts of Speech

Part 5 Incomplete Sentences (page 74)

1. (B) services — (A) and (C) are forms of the verb to

serve while (D) is a form of the verb to service. Thecorrect answer is the plural noun services, meaning“systems usually provided by the government.”

2. (A) implemented — The correct answer is the


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past participle of the verb implement , meaning “tomake an idea or plan start to work.” It functions as anadjective describing the parking charges.

3. (C) but — The four choices are conjunctions, whichlink clauses in a sentence. But is the correct answerbecause the two clauses are contrasting.

4. (A) mutual — The correct choice is the adjectivemutual , meaning “belonging to or true of two

or more people.” Although choice (C) is an adjective, itis not the correct choice. The clue in this sentence isthat factory workers usually work together.

5. (B) interrupted — In this case, the past participle isneeded to complete the passive form was interrupted .The agent of this action is a ringing telephone.

6. (C) them — The correct choice is the objectivepronoun, used here instead of an unspecified noun.

7. (B) exorbitant — The correct choice is the adjectiveexorbitant , meaning “more than is reasonable,” whichhere describes the amount of money which has been

spent.8. (D) cordial — The correct choice is the adjectivecordial , meaning “friendly,” describing the wordgreeting . It is the only word form that will fit in thiscontext.

9. (C) worthy — The only choice that fits within thecontext of the sentence is worthy , meaning “deservingsomething” — the application deserves attention.

10. (B) unlikely — The correct choice is the adjectiveunlikely , meaning “not likely to happen.” It is describingthe probability of the arrival of the delivery.

11. (A) latest — The correct answer is the adjectivelatest , meaning “most recent,” which modifies report .The comparative form later , meaning “at a time in thefuture,” the adverb lately , meaning “these days,” andthe plain form of the adjective late, meaning “after theexpected time” are not appropriate in this context.

12. (D) competent — In the context of this sentence,competent , meaning “capable of doing something in anable manner” is the best answer.

13. (C) error — While all of the answer choices can beused as nouns, here error , meaning “mistake” is thecorrect choice. It is used in the multi-word expression

to point out a/the error .14. (D) separate — The correct choice is the adjectiveseparate. It describes the type of container : acontainer designated for ink cartridges only.

15. (B) struggle — The correct answer is the simplepresent 1st person plural form of the verb struggle,meaning “to try with difficulty to do something.”

Part 6 Text Completion (page 76)

1. (D) aware — The correct choice is the adjectiveaware, meaning “having knowledge of.” The contexttalks of a change to a schedule, so it can be assumed

that the readers knew of the original schedule.2. (A) therefore — This is an adverb showing a logicalconsequence between the two clauses of thesentence.

3. (B) information — An uncountable noun is neededafter a lot of . In the context, the correct choice isinformation because we can cover information, but wecannot cover discussion.

4. (A) order — A noun is needed after the possessivepronoun your .

5. (C) scheduled — The participle form of the verbschedule is used here as an adjective.

6. (D) within — While all the choices are prepositions,within is the only choice which fits with the timeexpression 24 hours.

2 Grammar Practice – Tenses

Verb Tense Form Markers & Function:

Verb

Tense Form Function Example

Simple

Present

+ s/es (singular;

regular)

Expresses

repeated or

usual action,e.g. habit, daily

event, etc.

She

completes orders on

Monday.

Simple

Past

+ d/ed

(regular)

Expresses

completed

action at a

specific time in

the past; or a

series of past

actions

She worked

part time

when she

was

younger.

Present

Progressi

ve

am/is/ar

e + -ing

Denotes that

something ishappening at

the moment of

speaking

I amcompleting

orders

today.

Past

Progressi

vewas/wer

e + -ing

Denotes that

something was

in progress at

some point in

the past

I was

watching TV

at 9 p.m.

last night.

Present

Perfect/

have + -

d/-ed

(time

markers

include

since or

for )

Denotes howlong an event,

state, or action

has endured up

to the present

We have

had

problems

with the

production

line since

Tuesday .

We have

had

problems

with the

production

line for a

few days.


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PastPerfect

had + -

d/-ed

(time

markers

include

since or for )

Denotes how

long an event,

state, or action

had endured

until another

past actionoccurred

Evans

Enterprises

had been

based in the

same

building

since 1890

until it filed

forbankruptcy.

Simple

Future

will +

verb

(base

form)

Denotes action

that is

expected to

happen in the

future

I will call

you

tomorrow

morning.

FutureProgressi

ve

will + be

+ -ing +

in x days’

time

(weeks’/months’/

years’)

Denotes an

ongoing action

that is

expected tohappen in the

future

I will be

working as

an

accountantin two

years’ time.

Future

Perfect

a. will

have + -

d/-ed +

by + date

b. will

have + -

d/-ed +

time

clause

a. Denotes

action that is

expected to

have

completed by a

certain date

b. Denotesaction that will

have occurred

by the time a

specific action

in the future

occurs.

a. They will

have

achieved

their goal by

July 1st .

b. Jason will

have

started his

job before I

go on

vacation.

Activity:

Fill out the chart with the proper form of the verb

“work”. The first one is done for you:

She (simple past)

worked

part-time when she

was younger.

She ( simple present)

_______

part-time.

She (present

progressive)

_________

until 6 p.m. tonight.

She (past progressive)

_______

at her desk when the

lights went out.

She (present perfect)

_______

as an assistant to the

manager for twoyears.

She (past perfect)

_______

as a clerk since 2011

before she became

the manager.

She (simple future)

_______

as a clerk starting next

week.

She (future perfect)

_______

here for two years by

next October.


1. (B) will intensify — The correct choice is the simplefuture form will intensify , meaning “to make stronger ormore intense.” The sentence expresses a situationhappening in the very near future.

2. (A) attractions — Among the nouns given in thechoices, only attractions, meaning “things which makea person want to do, have, or see them” is appropriate.It forms a compound noun with tourist: touristattractions.

3. (C) three years — The preposition for , used toexpress how long something lasts is followed by aperiod of time.

4. (D) hold — The 1st person plural form of the simple

present tense is needed after we, when talking about ahabitual activity.

5. (A) will have — Here we have the structure If + 1st

conditional + will to express possibility in the future. Ifthe condition of Mr. Evans getting a promotionbecomes a reality (possible), the speaker will resignfrom his job.

6. (D) candidates — The correct answer needs to be anoun. The hints to look for in choosing the answer are personnel , interviewing , and shortlisted which are allwords related to job interviews. Therefore candidates

is the correct choice.7. (A) blueprints — The correct answer needs to be anoun. The hints to look for in choosing the answer aredraft , project , and museum. These can be related todesign and architecture, therefore blueprints is thecorrect choice.

8. (A) have been decided — Here the future perfectform + date/time expression is used to express whatyou will have completed up to that point in time.

9. (C) finishes — The present tense is used after assoon as to refer to the future in a subordinate clause.

10. (B) convened — The correct choice is the simple

past for a completed action in the past.

11. (D) handbook — In this context, it is most likelythat the item being approved by the human resourceschief will be some kind of reading material or companyliterature. This makes handbook , meaning “a bookcontaining instructions or advice,” the correct choice.

12. (A) have had — The correct choice is the presentperfect have had . The situation ( problems) hasoccurred at an unspecified time in the past but isconnected with the present (the problems are thereason for the decision).

13. (C) as soon as — Here we need an expression,meaning “immediately or soon after.”

14. (B) regret — We need a verb which expresses afeeling of being sorry. We regret to inform you is afixed expression with this meaning.


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15. (C) are producing — The sentence describes asituation which is happening now, therefore we need touse the present progressive form are producing . Theverb refers to manufacturers, making a plural verbnecessary.


1. (B) will be introducing — The correct choice is thefuture progressive (with date or X weeks’/days’ timeetc.), used to communicate what will be in progress ata certain time in the future.

2. (A) Effective — Here we need the adjectiveeffective, meaning that something has already officiallybegun.

3. (C) will be lifted — The future form will + infinitive isused here to give information about the future.

4. (B) are not following — Here the presentprogressive is used to describe a situation in progressnow.

5. (D) environment — This completes the compoundnoun office environment , meaning “the conditions in anoffice.”

6. (C) recognizes — In this sentence, we need to usethe verb recognize in the 3rd person singular form ofthe simple present.

3 Grammar Practice – Voice

Voice refers to the relationship between the verb and

the participants in the sentence. Two types:

ACTIVE

PASSIVE

Observe the following sentences:

Active Passive

Someone stole the key. The key was stolen by someone.

Someone in the above example for passive voice is

called the agent.

There is not always an agent in passive sentences:

The key was stolen by s omeone. (Someone as the

agent)

The key was stolen . (no agent)

Most of the time, the active voice is used. The passive

voice is used when it’s more important to draw

attention to the object or the person or thing acted

upon. It is also used when the actor in the situation is

not important.

Activity:

Choose the correct passive form:

1. My report (was submitted/must be submitted) by

tomorrow. [must be submitted]

2. I was given the books./The books were me given. [Iwas given the books.]

3. The first mobile phone (was invented/had invented)

in 1973. [was invented]

4. She (should been told/should have been told) about

the problem. [should have been told]

5. The bank (is broken into*/was broken into) last

night. [was broken into]

*break into – to enter a place forcibly


1. (B) can make — The correct choice completes thephrasal verb to make out, meaning “to manage to seeor understand.” In this if -clause of a first conditionalsentence, the verb needs to be used in the 3rd personsingular form of the simple present.

2. (C) arrived — The correct choice is the simple past

tense of the verb arrive to express an action completedin the past.

3. (A) is said — The correct choice is the passive formof the verb say . Here the sentence is using theimpersonal passive construction: It is+ past participle.

4. (D) threatening — Used as an adjective, the presentparticiple describes the thing that causes a feeling. Inthis case, a threatening letter means “a letter thatthreatens.” It is not possible to use the past participlehere because it would describe the feeling felt by theaccount holder, NOT the feeling caused by the letter.Enforcing , meaning “making a situation happen” tendsnot to be used as an adjective and does not fit in thiscontext.

5. (B) cost — The correct choice is the past simpleform of the verb cost . This verb cannot be used in thepassive.

6. (C) postponed — The correct choice is the pastparticiple postponed , meaning “delayed.” It is usedhere as an adjective.

7. (D) are said to be — Verbs of perception are oftenfollowed by a to-infinitive in the passive.

8. (A) are being repaired — The sentence tells us therepairs will start next month and that they will becarried out by a local construction company.

For these reasons, the present progressive passive isneeded: be-verb + being + p.p. The presentprogressive (passive and active) is often used to talkabout planned activities in the near future.

9. (B) have been planned — In this sentence, thepresent perfect passive is needed: have been + p.p.Therefore, the correct choice is have been plannedbecause television advertisements takes the 3rdperson plural form have.

10. (D) given to — In this sentence, the simple pastpassive is needed: was + p.p. This reduces thepossible answers to (C) and (D). However, (C) is notthe correct answer because by would refer to theagent. In this case, assembly line workers are NOT theagent of the action.

11. (B) unscheduled — The correct answer is theadjective unscheduled , meaning “unplanned.”


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12. (B) has been noted — This sentence requires theuse of the impersonal passive. Verbs of perception areused in the passive with the impersonal pronoun it .

13. (D) will be drawn — This sentence expresses thepossibility of a passive action happening by a certainpoint in time (year-end ). It is formed with the modalverb will + auxiliary be + p.p. to make the passive.

14. (C) proposed — The correct choice is proposed,meaning “intended.”

15. (A) happens — The correct choice is the 3rdperson singular form of happen. It describes a currentstate.


1. (B) brought — The correct choice is brought ,completing the expression brought to one’s attention.

2. (D) is respected — Here the 3rd person singular ofthe auxiliary verb be is needed to form the simplepresent passive.

3. (B) by — The preposition by is needed to indicate

the agent of be written.4. (C) is known — The correct answer is is known.This completes the impersonal passive form It isknown. This form of the passive is used with verbs ofperception when it is not specified who knows theinformation.

5. (A) overseas — In the contest, overseas describes jobs which are currently performed in other countriesbut will come back to the local job market.

6. (C) domestic — The correct choice is the adjectivedomestic , meaning “relating to the country being talkedabout.” The other adjectives given do not fit into the

context of a company bringing jobs back to the localeconomy.

4 Grammar Practice – Agreement

A. The number of a subject is not affected by the

phrase/clause that separates the subject from its verb.

Example:

This in format ion , along with the sales figures,

goes to accounting.

B. With a fraction or percentage, the noun in thefollowing of -phrase determines whether the verb is

singular or plural. Example:

One-fifth of the space has been rented.

Three-quarters of them are repeat customers.

C. In correlative conjunctions either – or and neither –

nor, the subject closest to the verb determines the verb

form. However, both A and B always requires plural

verbs.

Neither they nor he goes to the cafeteria.

Both Jim and Doris are on the bus.

D. The subjunctive is used to emphasize importance or

urgency. The following verbs are used in the

subjunctive:

I t is best (that) as k (that)

I t is essential (that) command (that)

I t is important (that) demand (that)

I t is recommended (that) request (that)

The subjunctive is formed using the infinitive without

to. Example:

I t is important that he make more effort to

get along with his colleagues.The manager ins isted that proposals for the

new project be posted on the office

bulletin board.


1. (B) qualify — The correct answer is qualify , meaning“to be eligible for.”

2. (D) go — The subject of this sentence is Ricardos,meaning “the Ricardo family.” A family name is

pluralized by adding an s. We use this pluralized nameas a 3rd person plural noun, so the verb form usedmust correspond.

3. (B) preservation — In this sentence, the phrasalverb fix up and the noun antiques are clues to thecorrect answer. It is common to talk about preservingantiques at a museum, so preservation is the onlylogical choice.

4. (C) be issued — Because the subjunctive is usedafter the verb suggest , this sentence takes thesubjunctive form, be issued . It is used to emphasizeimportance.

5. (D) itinerary — Here the correct choice is itinerary ,meaning “a plan of a trip.”

6. (A) is — The missing verb needs to agree with

Monday at 10 a.m., so the 3rd person singular of thepresent simple is is the correct choice.

7. (B) need — In paired conjunctions that link similarwords, phrases, and clauses, the subject closest to theverb determines the verb form, in this case need .

8. (A) be — This sentence requires a subjunctive dueto the use of the verb request . Therefore, be is thecorrect choice.

9. (D) agree — In paired conjunctions linked by both

. . . and . . ., the verb is always plural, making agreethe correct choice.

10. (C) were — When the subject is a fraction orpercentage, the noun in the following of -phrasedetermines whether the verb is singular or plural. Inthis case, computers determines the use of the pluralverb form were.

11. (A) reach — This sentence takes the simple futurewill + infinitive to make a prediction about the future.The correct choice is reach because it is morecommon to talk about sales reaching a certain numberthan it is to use the other verb choices given.

12. (B) is scheduled — The verb agrees with launch,so a 3rd person singular form is needed. The passive


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voice is used because we do not know the agent of theaction.

13. (D) has been leased — The passive is usedbecause the agent is unknown. In addition, the fractionone half is followed by the singular noun space, so theverb needs to take a singular form.

14. (C) consults — The subject of the sentence issupervisor, so the verb must be in the 3rd personsingular. In the context, consults is the only possibility.

15. (A) has been — In the paired conjunction not only

. . ., but also . . ., the subject closest to the verbdetermines the verb form. Here planner controls theverb form


1. (B) expires — Subscription is a singular noun soneeds to be followed by a 3rd personal singular verbform. We can say that a subscription expires, meaning“to come to an end or cease to exist” but the other

choices are unsuitable.2. (C) is — The 3rd person singular form of the be verbis used with an expression of price or money.

3. (D) are processed — The correct choice are processed agrees with the subject changes.

The agent of the action is unknown, therefore thepassive is required.

4. (B) am — The verb refers to Cheryl Smith who istalking about herself and describes her presentsituation, therefore the 1st person singular simplepresent form of the be-verb is used.

5. (B) provide — The bare infinitive provide is thecorrect choice because the verb request requires asubjunctive.

6. (D) termination — The correct choice is the nountermination, meaning “the end of a job or agreement.”Because the passage refers to the elimination of his position, we are alerted to the fact Mr. Stewart lost his job. In this context, the other choices are notappropriate.

5 Grammar Practice – Infinitives and

Gerunds

To infinitives function as subject or object of a

sentence. Examples of infinitives are to p lay, to eat,

to happen , to expect, to prom ise, etc. Observe the

following example:

Subject Verb Object/Complement

To sing in

Broadway

is her biggest dream.

She would love to sing at yourwedding.

Gerunds are verbals that function as nouns. Examples

are sing ing, dancing , eating, arr iving , etc. Observe

the following example:

Subject Verb Object/Complement

Singing is a great stress reliever.

I love singing.

Infinitives sometimes come without the word to. This is

true when the infinite follows a verb of perception or a

causative verb.

Verbs of Perception Causative Verbs

hear let

see make

feel have

smell get

taste take

Observe the following sentences:

Subject Verb Indirect

Object

Direct

Object

My boss let (causative) me take a

month of

paid leave.

I heard (verb of

perception)

someone unlock the

door.

Activity:

Select the appropriate verb that fits each sentence:

bathe wait sing come take

1. I heard her _______ a lovely song. [sing]

2. Mom let me _______ Economics as my major.

[take]

3. I had a pet groomer _______ my pet dog. [bathe]

4. She made me ________ for her for two hours. [wait]

5. He made me _______ to the party. [come]


1. (C) used — Used to + infinitive describes a situationthat no longer exists. Miguel is no long conscientious.

2. (D) reluctant — An adjective is needed in thissentence and since the two clauses need to showcontrasting ideas, reluctant is the correct choice.

3. (C) moving — The verb consider is followed by thegerund, therefore, the correct answer is moving .

4. (A) to inform — The to-infinitive is used afteradjectives which describe feelings. Therefore, thecorrect choice after pleased is to inform.

5. (B) efforts — The expression used is thanksomeone for their efforts, therefore the correct choiceis efforts.

6. (C) talk — The correct choice is the base infinitivetalk . With verbs of perception, infinitives are usedwithout to.

7. (D) to reprint — The verb permit needs to befollowed by an infinitive with to.


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8. (C) internal — In this sentence, internal mail meansletters and documents which are not delivered via anexternal, paid mail delivery system.

9. (B) to ignore — The verb afford needs to befollowed by a to-infinitive.

10. (D) to reply — The verb forget is followed by a to-infinitive, making to reply the correct choice.

In this sentence, I seldom forget to reply has themeaning “It is unusual that I do not reply.”

11. (B) hearing — The expression look forward to isalways followed by a noun or gerund.

12. (B) informed — In this context, the correct choice isinformed, completing the expression to keep someoneinformed .

13. (A) to ensure — The verb remind is followed by ato-infinitive.

14. (B) made — All of the other verb choices (got ,forced , and told) need to be followed by a to-infinitive.Made is the only choice that fits in this context.

15. (A) opposed — The correct choice is the pastparticiple opposed . It completes the expression beopposed to -ing , meaning “against or in disagreementwith.”


1. (B) to postpone — The expression take a decision isusually followed by a to-infinitive, making to postponethe correct choice.

2. (B) hold — The verb phrase agree to needs to befollowed by an infinitive. The only correct verb choicewith meeting is hold .

3. (B) to see — After the verb expect , a to-infinitive isneeded, making to see the correct choice.

4. (C) tracking — This completes the compound nountracking number , meaning “an identifying number orcode used to follow the progress of a package orletter.”

5. (A) representatives — The only possible choice isrepresentatives, forming the compound noun customerservice representatives.

6. (D) using — The expression thank someone for isfollowed by a noun or gerund. Since the email iswritten to thank a customer for their patronage of acompany, using is the only logical choice.

6 Grammar Practice – Participles and

Participle Clause

Useful Notes:

Participles: - ing /-ed

Participles often function as adjectives that describe

nouns. Example:

The mangled pair of sunglasses, bruised

face, broken arm, and bleeding knees meant Greghad taken another spill on her mountain bike.

A. Present Participle (- ing )

Used if the meaning is active and progressive:

i. when two things occur at the same time (e.g. She

suddenly ran from the room cry ing .)

ii. when one action occurs during another action

(e.g. He hurt himself c l imb ing the stairs.)

iii. when an –ing clause can be an explanation of its

main clause. (e.g. Feeling hungry, he ate lunch.)

B. Past Participle (-ed )

Used for past or completed action (e.g. John arrivedfirst, fo l lowed by the new corporate director.)

Used as adjectives or adverbs to express the passive

(e.g. The house was damaged by the recent

earthquake.)

C. Perfect Participle (having + past participle)

Using the perfect participle emphasizes that the first

action was completed before the second action

started. Example:

Having fai led twice, he doesn’t want try again.

Having been promoted by his companyrecently, he is quite proud.


1. (B) working — In this sentence, working refers to people who are working . This is a present participleused in a participle clause to describe people wherethe meaning is active and progressive. It has anadjectival function.

2. (D) Driving — The correct choice driving is a

participle clause which explains the main clause.If they had not driven quickly, they would not havearrived at the hotel so soon.

3. (D) investments — In the context of the stockmarket, the correct expression is to make investments.

4. (C) Depending — The present participle, depending ,is necessary because in this sentence, it is anexplanation of the main clause.

5. (D) exhausted — The keywords that provide hintsare fell into bed which suggests extreme tiredness.

6. (B) tour — In this context, the only choice that isappropriate to use with the preposition of is tour .

7. (C) taking — With two actions occurring at the sametime with an active and progressive meaning, the -ingform is the correct choice.

8. (C) arrival — The keywords that inform the correctchoice are late and taxi driver which are suggestive ofgoing somewhere and subsequently arriving.

9. (A) demolished — The correct choice is the pastparticiple demolished used as an adjective because plant is not the agent of demolished .

10. (D) earning — This is a participle clause with atransitive verb, requiring the use of the –ing form.

11. (B) experienced — The only choice that will fit inthis context is experienced .


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12. (D) Waiting — The present participle is neededbecause the original verb is intransitive.

13. (A) Withdrawn — The participle Having been hasbeen omitted in this participle clause. The full clausewould be Having been withdrawn.

14. (C) Working — The present participle is neededbecause the original verb is intransitive.

15. (B) looming — The correct choice is the adjectivelooming , meaning “hanging over in a threatening way.”


1. (B) is shared — The present passive form is usedas an adjective to express a passive.

2. (C) Stored — In the context of keeping personalinformation safe, stored is the best fit.

3. (D) retain — In the context, retain, meaning “keep”is the appropriate choice.

4. (A) required — The correct choice is required ,meaning “necessary.”

5. (B) accurate — The relevant keywords are checkand keeping accounts.

6. (D) forgetting— The correct choice is the presentparticiple forgetting which completes the participleclause, Staff members forgetting to use the time clock.It has the meaning of “Staff members who forget touse the time clock.”

7 Grammar Practice – Relative Clauses

Useful Notes:

Who vs. Whom

Grammar rules say that “who” is used as thesubject of a sentence or a clause while “whom” isused as the object of a verb or preposition.

Study the following sentences:a. The woman who sent the letter is in Texas. (who

is the subject of the verb sent in the relative clausewho sent the letter )

b. The woman from whom I received the letter is inTexas. (whom is the object of the preposition from

in the relative clause from whom I received theletter )

However, the use of “who” as an object iswidespread and acceptable in modern English. Itis also possible to encounter questions andsentences in this format. It is common toencounter this especially in spoken English.

e.g. The man who I went to the movies with is mybrother.


1. (D) whom — The correct choice is the relative objectpronoun whom, used when the antecedent is a person.

2. (A) unique — The keywords that inform our choiceare at odds with and conservative.

3. (B) whom — The correct choice is the relative objectpronoun whom, used when the antecedent is a person.

4. (C) special — In this context, the appropriate choiceis special as this is the only adjective that fits logicallyhere.

5. (D) one that — The correct choice is the relativeobject pronoun that because the antecedent is anobject. What cannot be used here because it cannotbe used as an object to refer to a thing in a restrictiverelative clause.

6. (C) what — Here the relative pronoun what is usedas an object.

7. (B) responsibility — We can talk about aresponsibility to check something, making responsibility the correct choice.

8. (A) that — The sentence requires the relative

subject pronoun. Because the antecedent is an object(computer ), we need to use that .

9. (D) applicants — The context implies a workplacesituation, making applicants the correct choice.

10. (A) where — The correct choice is the relativeadverb where.

11. (D) whose — The correct choice is the relativepossessive pronoun whose.

12. (B) that — The correct choice is the relative subjectpronoun that because the antecedent is an object nota person.

13. (B) indicators — In this context, economicsuggests indicators as the appropriate choice.

14. (C) whom — The correct choice is the relativeobject pronoun whom.

15. (D) rose — The verb we would expect to see withto the top is rise, so the correct choice is the pasttense rose. It is not possible to elevate, grow , orincrease to the top of one’s field or speciality.


1. (B) which — The correct choice is the relative object

pronoun which because the antecedent is an objectnot a person (interest ).

2. (D) impression — Here the expression tested ismake an impression.

3. (B) whom — The correct choice is the relative objectpronoun whom because the antecedent is a person.While that may also be used when the antecedent is aperson, it cannot be placed after to.

4. (C) regular — The keyword here is monthly ,suggesting something that occurs at regular intervals.

5. (A) that — The correct choice is the relative subjectpronoun that because the antecedent is an object, not

a person.6. (D) What — Here the relative pronoun what is usedas a subject.


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Review Test 1 (page 114)

1. (A) which — The correct choice is the relative objectpronoun which because it refers to a thing, not aperson.

2. (D) developing — The gerund is needed after theexpression be committed to.

3. (D) received — The correct choice is the simple pastof the verb receive, used for a past completed action at

the same time as another action is in progress.4. (C) will be shut — The correct choice is the futuresimple form of the passive voice. The action has notyet occurred, and the agent of the action is not stated.

5. (B) opposing — The correct choice is the presentparticiple opposing used as an adjective.

6. (C) who — The correct choice is the relative subjectpronoun who, referring to the seminar organizers. Theantecedent organizers refers to people, making thisthe only possibility.

7. (D) used to be — Used to is followed by the infinitive

making used to be the correct choice.8. (A) is — The correct choice is determined by thenoun warranty which requires the use of the

3rd person singular is. Although was is also 3rd

personsingular form, the inclusion of the adjective currentprevents the use of the past tense here.

9. (A) was alarmed — Be alarmed is used in thepassive form with at. Was alarmed expresses thefeeling the recruit felt in his new job.

10. (C) that — The correct choice is the relativepronoun that . Because key is not a person, who andwhom are not appropriate. What cannot be used as an

ordinary relative pronoun after a noun, so it is is notsuitable here.

11. (C) had occurred — The intransitive verb occurcannot be used in the passive, so the past perfect hadoccurred is the correct choice.

12. (D) will be releasing — The correct choice is thefuture progressive, expressing something which willoccur by a certain point in time.

13. (B) Announced — The correct choice is the pastparticiple announced . The object of the original verbserves as the subject of the main clause.

In this sentence, announced refers to the subject policy .

14. (A) go — In this sentence, the subject and verb aresplit but must agree.

15. (A) has undertaken — The correct choice is thepresent perfect has undertaken to indicate an actionthat has started in the past and has continued untilnow. This use of the present perfect suggests theaction is not complete. In this context, it is implied thattraining will continue to take place every spring.

16. (C) is believed — The impersonal passive is usedwith verbs referring to opinion where the agent is notspecified.

17. (D) getting — The correct choice is the gerund,used after the verb phrase be used to.

18. (B) whom — The correct choice is the relativeobject pronoun whom. While that is also an objectpronoun, it cannot be placed immediately after thepreposition with.

19. (A) is — The 3rd person singular simple presentform is agrees with eight o’clock.

20. (C) Disappointed — The correct choice is the pastparticiple disappointed . The object of the original verbserves as the subject of the main clause.

21. (B) Saying — The correct choice is the -ing formbecause the original verb is transitive, and it isfollowed by its object.

22. (B) arrive — With the expression not only . . ., butalso . . ., the noun following but also determines thecorrect verb form. In this case, the noun is plural,therefore the 3rd person plural form arrive is thecorrect choice.

23. (C) is loved — The correct choice is the presentpassive form is loved because the agent of the verb istravelers and airlines while the subject is bag .

24. (A) has — The correct choice is has whichcombines with been to form the present perfect. Itexpresses a situation which started in the past but hasendured up to the present.

25. (C) What — The correct choice is the relativepronoun what , used here as a subject.

26. (A) helping — The expression to be committed tois followed by the a noun or gerund.

8 Grammar Practice – Conjunctions and

Prepositions

Useful Notes:

Because is a conjunction used to connect two clauses.

Example:

She felt extremely nervous because she was

about to receive her annual evaluation.

Because of is a prepositional phrase followed by a

noun, pronoun, or gerund. Example:

She felt extremely nervous because of her

annual evaluation.

By is used to indicate that something happens by a

particular time. Example:

The report is due by Monday.

Until is used to indicate how long something happens.

Example:

They will be away until Friday.


1. (B) until — In this sentence, the preposition until isused to express how long the postponement will take.

2. (D) description — In the context, description is theonly word choice that makes logical sense.


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3. (A) yet — Here yet is used as a coordinatingconjunction, meaning “however.”

4. (B) Because of — In this sentence, because of isthe correct choice because it is followed by a noun,and it links two clauses expressing cause and effect.

5. (D) experience — The keywords providing hints areinterviewer , industry , and requirement .

6. (B) until — The correct choice expresses how longthe personnel will be on duty.

7. (D) in addition to — The correct choice expressessomething as well as the index, so we need in additionto, meaning “as well as.”

8. (A) so that — The correct choice is a subordinatingconjunction which expresses cause and effect,focusing on the consequences.

9. (A) confident — The correct choice is the adjectiveconfident , meaning “sure or certain.”

10. (D) moment — The correct choice is asubordinating conjunction which expresses the exact

time that the event occurred.

11. (B) permission — The keyword here is approval .

12. (B) Provided — The correct choice needs toexpress a concession, therefore provided is the correctchoice.

13. (C) Even if — The correct choice is thesubordinating conjunction even if which expresses aconcession.

14. (C) Because — The correct choice is thesubordinating conjunction because. It links the causegiven in the first clause with the effect given in the

second.

15. (A) keynote — The noun keynote, meaning “themost important part,” combines with the noun speakerto form the compound noun keynote speaker . Thekeynote speaker is the main speaker at a conference.


1. (C) Without — The context suggests that customeris essential, making without is the only possible choice.

2. (A) competitive — The context of the business

environment makes competitive the logical choice.3. (D) nor — The correct choice is the coordinatingconjunction nor , meaning “and not.”

4. (D) stress — The correct choice is the verb stress,meaning “emphasize.” It is commonly used in theexpression stress how important (something) + be-verb.

5. (A) such — The correct choice is the subordinatingconjunction such which, partnered with that , expressescause and effect.

6. (B) or — The correct choice is the coordinatingconjunction or , meaning “either.”

9 Grammar Practice – Modification

Useful notes:

1. Limiting adjectives describe whose, how many,how much, and which one.

2. Limiting adjectives can be the following:a. Articles – a, an, theb. Demonstrative pronouns - this, that, those,

thesec. Numbersd. Possessive pronouns – e.g. his/her bookse. Possessive nouns – e.g. Anna’s closet

f. Indefinites – some, few, many, any, etc.


1. (B) unbearably — The correct choice is the adverbunbearably which modifies the adjective hot to expressdegree.

2. (D) alleviate — The verb alleviate, meaning “tomake something less painful” is the correct choice.

3. (A) much — The quantifier much which modifies theuncountable noun sales force is the correct choice.

4. (A) most of — The quantifier most of modifying theuncountable noun information is the correct choice.

5. (D) evidence — The keywords discrepancies,collected , and investigators together with the fact thatthe missing word is preceded by the definite article themean that the noun evidence is the correct choice.

6. (B) poorly — The adverb poorly modifies the verbevaluate to describe manner.

7. (A) exactly — The adverb exactly modifies thephrase the kind of problem to give emphasis and showthe speaker is referring to that kind of problem and noother.

8. (A) All of — The correct choice is the quantifier allof , modifying the noun drawings.

9. (D) certainly — The adverb certainly is used here tomodify the phrase shows little regard for the welfare ofhis employees to specify degree.

10. (B) Few — The quantifier few is the correct choice.It modifies the countable noun applicants.

11. (C) greatly — The correct choice is the adverbgreatly , specifying the degree of the adjective different .

12. (B) complimentary — The keywords which assist inmaking the correct choice are promotion and free.

13. (A) well — The correct choice is the adverb wellwhich modifies the verb perform to describe manner.

14. (D) securely — The most appropriate choice issecurely given the context of closing the door .

15. (C) very — The correct choice is the adverb verywhich modifies the adjective careless to specify degree.


1. (B) a number — The correct choice in this context isa number . It completes the quantifier a number of ,

meaning “several.” 2. (A) delivery — The context of the passage and thekeywords dropping off items and drivers lead to thecorrect choice of delivery .


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3. (D) effect — The correct expression in this sentenceis put a procedure into effect .

4. (B) latest — The correct choice is the superlativeadjective form latest , meaning “most recent.”

The adjective latest describes the noun member . Theplain adjective form late and the comparative form laterare not appropriate in this context.

5. (D) randomly — In this context, the appropriatechoice is randomly since the others do not makelogical sense.

6. (C) much — The correct choice is the quantifiermuch which modifies the uncountable noun music .

10 Grammar Practice – Pronouns

Note:

Reflexive pronouns (e.g. himself/yourself/themselves)

are sometimes used instead of object pronouns (e.g.

him/you/them) after like, as, but (for), and except (for).

Example:

All members of the board voted “yes” except

for m ysel f .


1. (B) whoever — The correct choice is the indefiniterelative pronoun whoever because it is not known whoordered the taxi.

2. (D) matter — The correct choice is matter tocomplete the expression be the matter with, meaning

“be wrong with; to have a problem.” 3. (D) their — The correct choice is the possessivepronoun their used as a determiner, meaning“belonging to them.”

4. (C) themselves — The correct choice is the reflexivepronoun themselves because the subject and theobject are the same person.

5. (B) his — The correct choice is the possessivepronoun his. He admits the fault belongs to him, so it ishis fault.

6. (D) features — Keywords which suggest the correctchoice include sales, product , and positive.

7. (B) another — Even if implies the need for a wordthat expresses an alternative to the repair centermentioned in the sentence. The correct choice istherefore another , meaning “an alternative; a differentone.” Everything is not possible because it needs to befollowed by a verb. These needs to be followed by aplural and therefore does not fit. While any can beused to emphasize free choice, it does not fit in thiscontext.

8. (A) those — The correct choice is the demonstrativepronoun those, referring to the plural noun managers.

9. (D) accountability — The keywords which suggestthe correct choice are corporate and crimes.

These suggest the need for a word related to moralduty or responsibility in a business setting. Obligationand accountability both contain this idea. However,

accountability , meaning “being completely responsiblefor what one does and able to give a satisfactoryreason for it,” is more commonly used as a collocationwith corporate than obligation.

10. (B) many — The correct choice is the indefinitepronoun many , meaning “a large but unspecifiedquantity.” It acts as the subject of the verb applied .

11. (C) himself — The correct choice is the reflexivepronoun himself . It completes the expression to bedisappointed with oneself .

12. (A) strongly — The adverb strongly is commonlyused with recommend to mean “very much.”

13. (B) ourselves — The correct choice is the reflexivepronoun ourselves. Reflexive pronouns are often usedinstead of personal pronouns after as. Instead ofourselves, the personal pronoun we could be used, butit would require the 1st person plural form of the be-verb with it.

14. (C) phases — The correct choice is phases,meaning “stages.”

15. (A) their — The correct choice is the possessivepronoun their , referring to the department whichbelongs to them.


1. (D) extend — The only appropriate choice in thiscontext is extend , meaning “to continue.”

2. (C) This — The correct choice is the demonstrativepronoun this, referring to the singular noun rate of$125.

3. (C) those — The correct choice is the demonstrative

pronoun those, meaning “the members who.” 4. (C) participant — The correct choice is the noun participant , meaning “a person who takes part in anactivity.”

5. (B) your — The context is a letter explaining whatMrs. Sampson should expect during her visit.

The writer is addressing the information to

Mrs. Sampson directly, therefore the only logicalchoice is the possessive pronoun your .

6. (D) whatever — The correct choice is the indefiniterelative pronoun whatever because the exact items areunknown.

11 Grammar Practice – Comparisons


1. (A) a little — The correct choice a little modifies thecomparative form earlier .

2. (C) process — We process an order, so in thecontext of the sentence, process is the correct choice.

3. (D) more closely — The correct choice is thecomparative form of the adverb closely which heredescribes the verb work .


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4. (B) fired — Keywords which suggest the correctchoice include workers and insubordination.

5. (D) smart — The correct choice is smart because as. . . as takes the regular form of the adjective.

6. (C) most — The use of the definite article theindicates that the superlative will be the correct choice.

7. (D) by far — The correct choice by far modifies the

superlative the best .8. (C) scariest — The use of the definite article thesuggests that the superlative is the correct choice.

Additionally, the word part suggests that there areseveral factors involved, and the superlative is usedwhen we have multiple items to compare.

9. (C) range — The correct choice is range, completing

the compound noun price range, meaning “a gamut of

prices going from highest to lowest.”

10. (D) manual — Manual is the word which fits best inthe context.

11. (D) best — The correct choice is the superlativebest . It is logical to assume that the caterer has offeredseveral prices, and that among them

$9.95 is the cheapest, necessitating the superlative.

12. (B) executive — The expression board meeting isbest matched with the adjective executive.

13. (C) messiest — The correct choice is thesuperlative form messiest since it is preceded by thedefinite article, the.

14. (A) more regularly — The correct choice is theadverb regularly modified by more, describing the verb

meet .15. (C) many — The correct choice is many , modifyingthe countable noun, employees.


1. (C) the best — The correct choice is the superlativeform because the terms of service of the companymentioned are compared to those of more than oneother company.

2. (D) activation — Activation, meaning “to makeactive,” is the correct choice in the context.

3. (A) Late — Late, meaning “not on time,” is thecorrect choice in the context.

4. (C) crucial — Crucial , meaning “extremelyimportant,” is the correct choice.

5. (D) easier — The correct choice easier completesthe idiomatic phrase easier said than done.

6. (C) simply — The correct choice is the adverbsimply because the adverb very cannot be used tomodify a comparative. Therefore, the simple form ofthe adverb is needed.

12 Grammar Practice – Negation and Word

Order

Note:

Besides no, not, and none, the following words can be

used to make negatives: yet, no longer, hardly, ever,

and have yet to-infinitive.

I have hardly seen the new secretary since

she started working here.We have yet to decide how many employees

will be laid off.

Placing too or much too before an adjective or adverb

can make a sentence negative.

You came to a decision much too quickly.

Mr. Green is too careless to work in this

position.


1. (B) confident — In the context, the correct choice isconfident , meaning “sure.” 2. (A) does not — The correct choice is the negativeform does not , where do + not are placed before themain verb due to the lack of an auxiliary.3. (B) no — The correct choice is no which precedesthe noun weather in this sentence.4. (D) legislation — The correct choice is legislation,meaning “laws.” 5. (B) never — The correct choice is never which is notused in a double negative and therefore, cannot becombined with other negative words.

6. (A) majority — The correct choice is majority ,meaning “the larger part.” 7. (D) yet — The correct choice yet is a negativestructure used to make a sentence negative.8. (C) not to — The correct answer is the negative notwhich is placed in front of the non-finite verb to miss.9. (A) securing — The correct choice is securing ,meaning “to get or succeed.” 10. (C) good enough — The correct choice is goodenough because the use of not + adjective + enoughmakes this sentence negative.

11. (D) Not — The correct choice is not which is

placed before the non-finite verb knowing .12. (C) much too — The correct choice is much too.Placed before an adjective, these words make thesentence negative.13. (D) unequaled — The correct choice unequaled ,meaning “distinctive and unlike any other,” iscommonly used with the noun success tomean that something has been extremely successful.14. (B) no — The correct choice is no because this isplaced before a noun without an article to make anegative.15. (B) could — Negative words should not be usedwith hardly, so the correct choice is could .


1. (D) instead of — In this context, the correct choice isinstead of, meaning “in place of.”


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2. (A) honor — The correct choice is honor . Thiscompletes the phrase to honor the price, meaning “toaccept the price.” 3. (D) must — The correct choice is must because anegative form is not used with never .4. (C) essential — The correct choice is essential ,meaning “necessary.” 5. (D) not — The correct choice is not which is placedbefore the main verb teach.

6. (B) rarely — The correct choice is rarely becausethis is a word that cannot be used with negative words.

13 Grammar Practice – Conditionals

Conditionals are used to express:

1. A true or probable situation in the present or future

If-clause (simple

present)

result clause (will + bare

infinitive)

If I am qualified, I will apply for that position.

2. An untrue or imaginary situation in the present or

future

If-clause (past

present)

result clause

(would/could/might + bare

infinitive)

If I were qualified, I might apply for that position.

(Were is often used instead of was in both formal and

informal English. This is a form of the subjunctive)

3. an untrue situation in the past

If-clause (past

perfect)

result clause

(would/could/might +have+ba

re infinitive)

If I had been qualified, I could have applied for that

position.

Part 5 Incomplete Sentences (page 150) 1. (C) receive — The correct choice is the simplepresent form receive which is needed toexpress a true conditional situation in thefuture.2. (D) discontinued — In the first clause, we are

informed that sales figures did not improvein the previous year. In this context, theobvious choice is discontinued , meaning“stopped.” 3. (B) known — The correct choice is known. In thissentence, if has been omitted, and theconstruction had + subject + past participle hasbeen used.4. (B) had established — In this sentence, the verbwish indicates a desire that the situation werethe opposite of the reality. The past perfecttense is needed in this past situation.5. (B) were— The correct choice is were. To expressan untrue present situation, the verb in the if clausetakes the past tense. We usually use thesubjunctive were instead of was after if .6. (D) supply — The correct choice is the noun supply .Together with the noun company , it forms the

compound noun supply company .7. (A) is — The verb in the if -clause needs to be inthe simple present because this sentenceexpresses a true situation.8. (B) were — The correct choice were is needed withthe clause I wish to express a desire that thereality were the opposite of what it actually is.9. (B) could have — The correct choice is the pastperfect because the sentence is expressing an

untrue situation in the past.10. (C) will include — The simple future is needed tocomplete this sentence which expresses a truesituation.11. (A) accommodations — The keywords arecheaper ,London, and attend . The correct choice isaccommodations, meaning “somewhere to stay.” 12. (C) had forgotten — The correct choice with an asif -clause is had + past participle.13. (D) Should — The correct choice is should which isused with the simple present when if isomitted and the subject and verb are inverted.

14. (C) had had — The correct choice is had had inthis untrue, past situation.15. (A) inventory — The keyword which supplies a

hint to the correct choice is warehouse.

Part 6 Text Completion (page 152) 1. (D) will be spent — The correct choice is will bespent because the sentence expresses a truesituation in the future.2. (A) undertaken — In the context, only undertaken,meaning “to do or begin,” is appropriate to talk about the project .

3. (C) Should — Here if has been omitted, so thecorrect choice is should .4. (D) request — The correct choice in the context ofapplying for vacation time is request .5. (C) desire — The correct choice is desire, meaning“want.” 6. (B) are — After if to express a true situation, the

present simple is needed in the if -clause.

14 Grammar Practice – Apposition,

Emphasis, and Inversion

Appositives are words, phrases, or clauses whichfollow a noun to rename or describe it in another way.

Example:

My sister is a research scientist.

My sister, the research scient ist , works at a

large research facility. (Appositive)

Cleft sentences are used to focus attention on a

certain part of the sentence. Compare:

I have come to apply for the position.

The reason w hy I have come is to apply for

the position. (Cleft sentence)

Cleft structures include the reason why, the place

where, the day when, the thing that, the fact that, the

person who, etc.


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committee, the expression used is be on a/thecommittee.21. (A) good enough — The correct choice is goodenough because the construction not + adjective

+ enough makes the sentence negative.22. (C) in — The preposition in is the correct choice tocomplete the expression find (oneself ) in asituation.23. (B) Should you — In a conditional sentence

where if is omitted, the subject and verb areinverted.24. (B) this — The correct choice is the singulardemonstrative pronoun this which identifiesthe noun letter .25. (B) Because of — The prepositional phrasebecause of, which is followed by the nounchanges, is the correct choice.26. (A) more — The correct choice is the comparativeform more because it is comparing the future

situation with the present situation.

Chapter 3 Reading Practice

Mini-testA. Notices (page 170)

1. (A) An upcoming repair project2. (C) Around 10 days3. (D) The closure of a bank facility4. (A) Fewer customers are using that branch.5. (A) To raise awareness about environmentalconcerns

6. (C) To hold what they produce7. (A) There is a small charge for admission.

8. (C) A ride moved too quickly.9. (B) A law firm10. (A) Failing to be careful enough11. (C) May 25th12. (D) To solicit volunteers13. (C) They are fans of films.

14. (D) By offering the help of her students15. (D) It holds no classes after 3 p.m.

B. Memos (page 176) 1. (C) To improve their employees’ health 2. (A) About a quarter3. (B) To announce a retirement and a job opening4. (C) About three weeks5. (D) Hire a new designer6. (B) To complain about product quality7. (D) Welding goggles8. (C) It was the first time he had had a problem.9. (A) The faulty goggles

10. (B) Financial support11. (A) To announce the launch of a product12. (D) A $4,500 deposit13. (A) To alert the manager of a few concerns14. (C) Through additional staff training15. (B) It is a multinational corporation.

C. Advertisements (page 182) 1. (D) A rental company2. (C) The cost of rental insurance3. (A) To promote a real estate agency4. (B) In a downtown area5. (D) Mid-week discounts

6. (B) Added better sound equipment7. (C) High school students seeking summer jobs8. (B) The summer months9. (B) Available for only part of the year10. (D) A cut-rate subscription11. (B) $38.5012. (A) 613. (B) Manufacturing14. (D) Foreign language skills15. (A) It will likely involve doing some driving.

D. Articles, Information, and Reports(page 188) 1. (D) Visit the conference’s website 2. (C) 1:30 p.m.3. (A) Celebratory events4. (A) Two days5. (C) They will be removed.6. (C) Unlicensed business owners7. (D) When the business permit has expired8. (A) At least two years9. (B) A bank statement10. (C) Check the expiration date of their permits11. (D) It was higher than they had predicted.12. (B) Monthly13. (A) A fundraiser14. (B) To join the group15. (A) They have gardening experience.16. (B) A decade17. (B) The original bill of sale18. (C) In operation

Tips Think about the type of text. Is it a

notice, a memo, a report, an

advertisement, an email, or a

chart/table?

Think about the purpose of the text. Is

it meant to sell a product, to instruct, or

to complain about a service?

Think of the main points in the text.

Learn to identify synonyms and

implied information.

Think of the writer as well as the

audience or people to whom the text is

addressed.


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19. (B) To make an inquiry20. (C) She does not know where to send it.21. (B) To request a refund22. (D) 100% of the total price23. (C) To cover processing costs24. (B) October 30th25. (D) Not at all

E. Emails and Letters (page 198)

1. (C) Esther Parks’ assistant 2. (C) There will be seating arranged for 10 people.3. (B) To give a compliment4. (A) Anne has misplaced it somewhere.5. (C) To provide the requested program information6. (D) Finance7. (B) Prior internship experience8. (B) Give a talk at an upcoming company event9. (D) A coworker10. (A) New and original11. (C) By fax12. (D) On October 24th13. (D) In 10 days

14. (C) $3.0015. (C) Telephone Lynda16. (B) To inquire about their anniversary packages17. (D) At an outdoor location18. (B) It is large and growing.19. (C) 15020. (B) Their children’s menu 21. (A) To place a grocery order22. (D) She is a first-time customer.23. (A) With cash24. (B) The customer missed the cut-off time.25. (A) By registering for regular emails

F. Charts and Tables (page 208) 1. (B) 4002. (A) It has not been paid yet.3. (C) The flavor of the day will be dropped.4. (B) It makes people feel good.5. (A) People were returning gifts they did not like.6. (C) Flat screen TVs7. (B) It is an electronics store.8. (D) To indicate the most money a buyer couldexpect to borrow to buy a house9. (C) $66,000 is enough to purchase a house.10. (A) Suitable for11. (A) To fulfill the terms of a contract

12. (B) 10%13. (B) The Stiles’ son 14. (C) She wants an additional copy for her husband.15. (B) She will phone Mr. Stiles.

Chapter 4 Practice TestPart 1 Picture Description (page 218)

1. (C) The man is placing tile on the wall.2. (B) The woman has placed the bananas on thescale.3. (C) There is a cup in front of the woman.4. (A) Two people are working on a project.5. (C) The men are reviewing blueprints.6. (C) The man is reading something.7. (B) A family is standing on the ice.8. (D) There is a garage attached to the house.

9. (A) The people are loading items into a truck.10. (A) A boy is getting off the bus.

Part 2 Questions and Responses(page 224) 11. (B) Yes, with only moments to spare.12. (A) Yes, as far as I know.13. (B) Yes, it really was.14. (B) Sure. Thanks for the invite.15. (C) Not that I can remember.16. (A) Sometime this spring, I hear.17. (A) No, only at the back.

18. (C) Don’t worry. It’s on me today. 19. (B) Check at the registration desk.20. (B) You’re just in time for it.21. (C) I fell on the way to work.22. (A) It could be as early as next week.23. (C) I have absolutely no idea.24. (A) It’s getting a bit late and I’m tired. 25. (B) I need to read it first.26. (A) As soon as everything is sold.27. (B) It would be my pleasure.28. (A) Only when I’m out of the office. 29. (A) You’ll do just fine, I’m sure. 30. (C) It doesn’t seem so.

31. (B) It was canceled.32. (A) It slipped our minds.33. (A) It’s all-inclusive.34. (C) Yes, and it isn’t just you .35. (B) No, she will call back later.

Tips

Preview the picture before the

statements are read. Ask yourself,

“Who?” “Where?” “What?”

Focus on the meaning of thestatements as a whole.

Answer the questions as quickly as

possible. If you don’t know the answer,

guess and begin previewing the next

picture.

Tricks

Incorrect answers may contain similar-

sounding words.

Watch out for incorrect answers that

may include some correct words.


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36. (B) No, I have to finish this important fax.37. (A) I think it closes at four on weekdays.38. (C) More than 75, I believe.39. (C) He has too many appointments.40. (B) Just this once, and let’s keep it between us.

Part 3 Short Conversations (page 225)

41. (B) In an office42. (A) By car43. (C) Pay a cancellation charge44. (B) Her colleague45. (A) At 9 a.m.46. (A) There will be an important meeting.47. (C) A garage48. (A) She wants to pick up her vehicle.

49. (D) Call the supplier50. (C) To find the store manager’s office 51. (C) 3rd floor52. (B) To have a job interview53. (D) Her boss54. (B) His new flight time55. (A) Slightly more than two hours56. (D) She had to work.57. (C) To the countryside58. (A) She recently became a wedding planner.59. (B) Two60. (A) The hotel is full on the second night.61. (A) Contact another hotel

62. (B) The location of a work party63. (A) Change the restaurant64. (D) The food is poor quality.65. (B) The woman is interviewing the man for a job.66. (A) In an office67. (C) Lend the man a pen68. (B) His supervisor69. (A) Because of an appointment70. (D) He rarely takes time off.

Part 4 Short Talks (page 228)

71. (C) On a train72. (A) Denver

73. (C) They will remain quiet.74. (A) In the exhibitor’s area 75. (D) Those in the legal profession76. (D) 1:30 p.m.77. (C) A librarian78. (B) Photocopiers79. (A) One80. (B) A new staff member81. (B) The roads are less congested.82. (C) Read some information83. (A) A hotel chain84. (A) To book a room85. (D) Wait on the line patiently

86. (B) People who lack adequate dance skills87. (B) To view a list of the classes offered88. (A) 30 days of unlimited classes for new students89. (C) On the radio90. (A) In January91. (D) An additional discount92. (A) In a company boardroom93. (D) All staff members94. (B) A new recruit95. (B) To inform passengers of a delay96. (C) 8:35 p.m.97. (C) Everyone on Flight 42598. (B) To facilitate effective treatment99. (D) The doctor’s name 100. (A) In a box at the station

Tips

Look at the question before the dialog begins.If you have time, look at the answers as well.

While listening to the dialog, try to imaginewhere the speakers are.

Don’t answer too quickly. Read all theanswers before making your choice.

Watch out for answers that are true but arenot related to the question.

Watch out for distracting numbers which

include dates, times, and numbers of things orpeople.

Tips

Listen closely to the introduction precedingthe talk. It will tell you what type of

information you will hear (news report,

weather report, advertisement, recorded

message, announcement, etc.) Try to preview the questions before the talk

begins. This will help you listen for the

information required by the questions.

Begin to answer the questions as soon as thetalk is finished.

Watch out for the same traps that are seen inParts 1-3.


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101. (A) tightly — The correct choice is the adverbtightly ,which describes the past participle closed in

this sentence.102. (C) biggest — The correct choice is thesuperlativeform of the adjective big . In this sentence, thesuperlative is needed because several differentinfluences have been compared.103. (D) arranged — In this sentence, the pastparticipleis used to express the passive.104. (C) decreased — The correct choice is thepresentperfect, which expresses a finished action thatis connected with the present: there are now

fewer thefts.105. (C) either — The correct choice is the correlativeconjunction either , which expresses a choicebetween two possibilities when used with or .106. (A) applicant — The correct choice is the nounform applicant , meaning “someone who applies for something (such as a job).” 107. (B) agreement — The correct choice is the nounform agreement used as the object of thepreposition for .108. (B) is believed — In this sentence, the impersonalpassive is used to express an opinion. It isimplied that this is a commonly held belief.

109. (D) refer — The correct choice is the verb refer ,meaning “seek information from.” This verb is used with the preposition to.110. (C) timely — The correct choice is the adjectivetimely ,

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Taking the Toeic 2 Answer Key New1