Research new1

Writing the Research Paper

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Essential Information and Tips0 Dr. Madhuri V. Tikam

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RESEARCH =RE + SEARCH

0Dr. Madhuri V. Tikam H R College of Commerce & Economics

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RESEARCHis a CAREFUL AND DETAILED STUDY into a SPECIFIC PROBLEM, CONCERN, OR ISSUE using the SCIENTIFIC METHOD.

Research ProblemLiterature Review

Actual problems faced

Discussions with experts/mentors

Research ProblemIs it significant?

Are you really interested in it?

Is it novel?

Is it an important area? High cost, high risk?

Can it be studied?

Different Research StrategiesStrategyForm of Research QuestionRequires control over behavioural eventsFocuses over contemporary events ExperimentHow, WhyYesYesSurveyWho, What, Where, How many, How much NoYesArchival AnalysisWho, What, Where, How many, How muchNoYes/NoHistory How, WhyNoNoCase studyHow, WhyNoYes

Yin (2003), Case Study Research. USA : Sage, p. 6

Literature ReviewWhat is KnownWhat is not Known

SamplingSAMPLING

Research ProblemAs described by the Government of Maharashtra, the Mumbai City District extends from Colaba in the south to Mahim and Sion in the north and the Mumbai Suburban District consists of Kurla, Borivali and Andheri.http://mdmu.maharashtra.gov.in/pages/Mumbai/mumbaiplanShow.php)

Statistical Tests

MeanMedianModeT TestZ TestF TestH TestQ TestCorrelation Duckworths TestDunnetts TestDurbin Watson TestChi SquareWilcoxon-Wilcox TestUMP TestU TestV TestSpearman Rank Corelation TestLink Wallace Test

Statistical TestsWhat Scales of measurement have been used?

Nominal Scale Numerical Scale(e.g. Assign 1 for Male and 2 For Female)

Ordinal Scale Categorical Scale(e.g. Highly Satisfied, Somehow Satisfied, Dissatisfied)

Interval Scale Difference Scale (e.g. Greater than, Lesser than a standard value)

Statistical TestsWhich hypothesis has been tested?

Hypothesis of Difference(e.g. is there a significant difference in expectations of city and suburban students about library collection?)

Hypothesis of Association(e.g. is there any relationship between number of students enrolled and age of the college with the actual library collection)

Statistical TestsIf hypothesis of difference has been tested then are the samples

Independent

Dependent

How many sets of measures are involved?

Statistical Tests

Tabulate the DataPictorial representationRead Statistics Books Talk with ExpertsSelect Data Analysis Software e.g. Microsoft Excel/ SPSS/ etc.

PROJECT GUIDELINESBlue or Black inkMinimum 10-15 pagesMaximum 1 page of picturesFill up Title PageCertificateDeclarationIndex page


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HOW TO START

Copy from one, it's Plagiarism; copy from many, it's Research.

- Wilson Mizner (1876-1933)


HOW TO STARTPLAGIARISM0Dr. Madhuri V. Tikam H R College of Commerce & Economics Laxmi PillaiMadhuri TikamNiren Mehta

HOW TO STARTPLAGIARISM0Dr. Madhuri V. Tikam H R College of Commerce & Economics Laxmi PillaiMadhuri TikamNiren Mehta

(Pillai, 2012)(Mehta, 2010)(Tikam, 2014)

REFERENCES WITHIN THE TEXTThe UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change predicts that in 90 years, average global temperatures and sea level will increase between 1.8 C- 4.0 C and 8 and 59 cms respectively with extremes of the hydrologic cycle as floods and droughts and 2% to 3% of global deforestation each year. (Bansal, 2010).

(Surname of first author, Year of Publication)Dr. Madhuri V. Tikam H R College of Commerce & Economics

HOW TO START

Limited Google search

Research-based articles ( 5- 7)


HOW TO SEARCHBooks

Journals

WebPages

Reports

Newspaper articles


HOW TO SEARCH

DOAJ (www.doaj.org)(Free: Directory of Open Access Journals - 9922journals)

NLIST (nlist.inflibnet.ac.in)(Paid 3100 + Journals75000 + E books)


HOW TO SEARCHDOAJ (www.doaj.org)(Free: Directory of Open Access Journals - 9922journals)

NLIST (nlist.inflibnet.ac.in)(Paid 3100 + Journals75000 + E books)

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(www.doaj.org)Dr. Madhuri V. Tikam H R College of Commerce & Economics

(nlist.inflibnet.ac.in)Dr. Madhuri V. Tikam H R College of Commerce & Economics

Dr. Madhuri V. Tikam H R College of Commerce & Economics



PROJECT OUTLINEIntroductionAims & ObjectivesNeed & ImportanceMethodologyData collectedFindingsDiscussionConclusionBibliography / ReferencesAnnexure


PROJECT OUTLINE INTRODUCTION

Definition

Background of the topic

e.g. As per World English Dictionary ,anincreaseintheaveragetemperatureworldwidebelievedtobecausedbythegreenhouseeffect is known as Global Warming.0Dr. Madhuri V. Tikam H R College of Commerce & Economics

PROJECT OUTLINEAIMS & OBJECTIVES

To examine factors influencing ...To compare ...To find out ... To study ...To understand ... To specify ...To suggest ...To design guidelines To gauge gap between ... 0Dr. Madhuri V. Tikam H R College of Commerce & Economics

PROJECT OUTLINENEED & IMPORTANCE

Why the issue under study is crucial?(Issue is new/ important for the society/ etc.)

How the collected information will be useful to readers.(clarifies the issue, not much data is available, explains in brief, easy to read, etc.)


PROJECT OUTLINESCOPE & LIMITATIONS

What is covered?What is not covered? Why?

(limited to Mumbai, limited to 15 respondents, etc. )

(Limited time, methodology limitations, etc.)


PROJECT OUTLINEMETHODOLOGY

Literature Search: For documentary resources, the researchers had used books, journal articles, proceedings of seminars and conferences, reports of visits, dissertations and Web pages.

Survey Questionnaire was circulated to the (5-10)Interviews Interviews were conducted to extract information from


PROJECT OUTLINEMETHODOLOGY

Visits - Institutions like were visited to study the Observation - In order to understand the nature of the problem, the researchers themselves collected the information by observing


PROJECT OUTLINESAMPLE SELECTED

Gender wiseAge wiseArea wiseEconomic status wiseSocial status wise


PROJECT OUTLINEDATA COLLECTED

FINDINGS

DISCUSSION / SUGGESTIONS / OPINIONS*

CONCLUSION


PROJECT OUTLINEBIBLIOGRAPHY / REFERENCES

Book:Surname, Name. (Year). Title of the Book, Publisher, Place of Publication, Year

Brown, Paul. (1999). Globalwarming: can civilization survive ? University Press, Hyderabad, 1999.



JOURNAL:Surname, Name. (Year). Title of the Article, Name of the Journal, Vol. No., Issue No., Page no.s.

Bansal, Neha ; Garda, Hormaz & Padmani, Ghanshyam . (2010). Study on global warming and fuel conservation in surat city, National Journal of Community Medicine, Vol. 1, Issue 1. p. 50-52.



webpage:Entry. Retrieved September 21, 2013 from Webaddress

Bansal, Neha ; Garda, Hormaz & Padmani, Ghanshyam . (2010). Study on global warming and fuel conservation in surat city, National Journal of Community Medicine, Vol. 1, Issue 1. p. 50-52. Retrieved September 21, 2013 from njcmindia.org/uploads/01-01_50-52.pdf -



Book:Surname, Name. (Year). Title of the Book, Publisher, Place of Publication, Year

Journal:Surname, Name. (Year). Title of the Article, Name of the Journal, Vol. No., Issue No., Page no.s.

webpage:Entry. Retrieved September 21, 2013 from Webaddress



Bansal, Neha ; Garda, Hormaz & Padmani, Ghanshyam . (2010). Study on global warming and fuel conservation in surat city, National Journal of Community Medicine, Vol. 1, Issue 1. p. 50-52.

Brown, Paul. (1999). Globalwarming: can civilization survive ? University Press, Hyderabad, 1999.

Garda, Hormaz & Padmani, Ghanshyam . (2010). Study on global warming and fuel conservation in surat city, National Journal of Community Medicine, Vol. 1, Issue 1. p. 50-52. Retrieved September 21, 2013 from njcmindia.org/uploads/01-01_50-52.pdf -


PROJECT OUTLINEAnnexure

Survey Questionnaire Interview Schedule List of Interviewees Addresses of visited institutes Additional data


TIPS

0Dr. Madhuri V. Tikam H R College of Commerce & Economics Third Person ApproachKeep in mind your AudienceUse Simple Language

TIPS

0Dr. Madhuri V. Tikam H R College of Commerce & Economics Write in Third PersomCheck Grammar/Spellings/FlowBibliographic Style


Education

Research new1