Taking the Toeic 1 Answer Key New1

8/17/2019 Taking the Toeic 1 Answer Key New1

1/27

Chapter 1 Listening PracticePart 1 Picture Description

Theme Notes (page 16)

A. House

B. Workplace

C. Restaurants and Stores

D. Other Public Places

Mini-test (page 18)

A. House

1. (A) The man is reading on the couch.

2. (D) The woman is chopping some vegetables.

3. (B) The woman is talking on the phone.4. (C) The couple is watering the plants.

5. (D) The family is sitting down for a meal.

6. (D) There is a cup on the counter beside the

woman.

7. (B) The woman is touching the microwave.

8. (A) The man is hanging the picture.

9. (D) The people are relaxing in a living room.

10. (C) The man is texting on his cell phone.

11. (A) The refrigerator has nothing in it.

12. (C) The woman is packing her suitcase.

13. (A) There are clothes on the floor.

14. (D) There are candles around the bathtub.

15. (D) One boy is holding the remote control.

B. Workplace (Page 23)

1. (B) The cars are on the assembly line.

2. (B) The women are working with microscopes.

3. (A) The man is washing the window.

4. (D) The men are looking at a blueprint.

5. (A) One man is gesturing with his hand.6. (C) The man is painting a building.

7. (B) The house is under construction.

8. (D) The woman is pointing to the plans.

9. (C) The hood of the car is open.

10. (D) The man is taking inventory.

11. (A) The woman is sending a fax.

12. (C) The man is using the keyboard.

13. (D) The team is meeting in the conference room.

14. (B) Two people are exchanging business cards.

15. (C) There are glasses of water on the table.

C. Restaurants and Stores (page 28)

1. (B) The man is studying the menu.

2. (C) The server is waiting to take the man’s order.

3. (A) The man is shopping for groceries.

4. (C) The couple is paying for some clothes.

5. (A) The woman is shopping for shoes.

6. (A) The woman is trying on dresses.

7. (D) The pant legs are being shortened.

8. (B) The chef is preparing a meal.

9. (B) The shopping center is full of shoppers.

10. (A) The bartender is pouring a drink.

11. (A) The family is sitting down for a meal.

12. (B) The sales clerk is helping the couple.

13. (D) The people are drinking coffee at an outdoorcafé.

14. (B) A toast is being made.

15. (C) The table has cutlery on it.

D. Other Public Places (page 33)

1. (D) The man and woman are checking into a hotel.

2. (A) The musicians are holding their instruments.

3. (C) The woman’s suitcase has wheels.

4. (B) There is no one at the check-in counter.

5. (C) The woman is making the bed.

6. (B) Many people are waiting to use the escalators.

7. (D) There are no books on the table.

8. (B) The people are lined up to get on the bus.

9. (A) There are many people waiting to check in.

10. (A) The woman is picking up her bag.

11. (C) The passenger has his boarding pass.

12. (D) The campers are listening to some music.

Tips Know the directions for Part 1.

Look at the first few pictures while thedirections are playing.

Ask yourself, “Who?” “Where?” “What?”

Focus on the main action in the photo.

Eliminate the answer choices that areobviously incorrect.

Evaluate the answer choices and mark theanswer if you know it. If you fail to select your

answer, make a guess and move on to the

next picture.


2/27

13. (C) The man is taking a book from the shelf.

14. (B) The people are waiting for a bus.

15. (A) The passengers are boarding the plane.

Part 2 Questions and Responses(additional explanation and examples)


Questions with an interrogative:1. Who / Whose / Whom

"Who" is used to ask which person does an action orwhich person is a certain way.

"Whose" is used to find out which person somethingbelongs to.

e.g. Whose report will be used for the presentationtoday?

__ I was told it would be Larry’s.

__ The report is not yet finished.

"Whom" is used to ask which person receives anaction.

e.g. Whom did you meet last Sunday?

__ It was a fine Sunday morning.

__ I met my mom for lunch.

**You will seldom hear this question form in the test.

2. What / Which

“What” is used to ask for information about someone

or something.e.g. What are you going to wear for the party?

__ I haven’t decided yet.

__ Yes, the party was fun.

“Which" is used to indicate or ask what is being shown,pointed to, or mentioned out of a group.

e.g. Which company will ABC Corp. merge with?

__ The merger will be announced next week.

__ I heard it’s with Luther Corp.

3. When

“When” is used to ask about time.

e.g. When do you need the report again?

__ I need them by tomorrow afternoon.

__ Yes, I need the report again.

When are you going to Australia?

__ I agree, Australia is a nice country.

__ I’m scheduled to go there next month.

4. Why“Why” is used to ask for reason.

e.g. Why was the flight cancelled?

__ Reports said it was due to bad weather.

__ Please cancel my reservation.

Why do you need to go to New York?

__ I’ll go to New York on Friday.

__ I have a big client to meet there.

5. How

a. How can / do?

“How can / do” are used to ask about manner of whichsomething is done.

e.g. How can they make the payment?

__ They can pay us online.

__ The payment hasn’t been made yet.

How do I get the books I ordered?

__ Yes, I ordered new books.

__ We’ll deliver them to your address.

b. How many / much?

“How many / much” are used to ask about the number,

value, or amount of something.e.g. How many people were at the conference?

__ I think there were about a hundred.

__ The conference started at 3:00 PM.

c. How long?

“How long” is used to ask about the length or specificperiod of time.

e.g. How long have you known Ms. Jones?

__ Since we were kids.

__ Ms. Jones is hardworking.

How long will you stay in Chicago?

__ About two weeks.

__ I’ll stay at the Four Seasons.

d. How often

“How often?” is used to ask for frequency

e.g. How often do you go to the movies?

__ I

e. How was / How do you like / How do you feel about?

“How was / How do you like / How do you feel about”is used to ask for an opinion.

e.g. How do you like my new dress?

__ It looks great on you.

__ No, I don’t want a new dress.

How do you feel about our president?

__ I think I need a new pair.

__ He looks strict.


3/27

Questions with No Interrogative (page 38)

1.Be / Do

a. Be-verb question

Be-verb questions are usually used to get positive ornegative information about the status or situation ofsomething.

e.g. Are you going to see the movie tomorrow?

__ My schedule looks full tomorrow.

__ I heard the movie is fantastic.

Were you at the party last night?

__ The party lasted all night.

__ I just stayed home.

b.Do-verb question

Do-verb questions are usually used to get a positive ornegative information about a habit or action.

e.g. Do you know when the shipment will arrive?

__ The shipment is ready. __ I think it will be here on Tuesday.

Did you get the designs for our magazine cover?

__ Yes, I got them this morning.

__ Sure, let’s do the cover.

2.Auxiliary Verbsa. Can / MayThese two can be used to ask for permission or a favorbut “may” is used if formality and politeness are of

utmost importance.e.g. May I use your telephone? __ Of course, go ahead. __ You may use the lavatory.

Can you fax this invoice to Mr. Smith? __ Sure, I’ll do that now. __ Yes, the invoice is for Mr. Smith.

b.Will?“Will” question is used to get a yes/no answer or aresponse about a future plan.c. Have?

“Have” question is used to ask about someone’sexperience or things they have or haven’t done.

Other Types of Questions (page 39)

1. Indirect QuestionsDirect vs. IndirectDirect questions are the normal questions we ask to people we know well such as friends and family.e.g. Where is the restaurant?How do I turn this on?

Indirect questions are more formal and polite; we use

them when we ask people we don’t know very well orin professional situations.e.g. Could you tell me where the restaurant is?Do you have any idea how to turn this on?

Indirect questions (for TOEIC)e.g. Could you tell me how much the package tour is?

__ The package is ready for shipping. __ I think it’s around 500 dollars.

Do you know what time the bank closes? __ It closes at 4:00 PM. __ The bank is around the corner.

2. Tag Questions – used for asking confirmation.e.g. You really don’t like him, do you?

__ Because he is so annoying. __ I know you like him.

She’s the new designer, isn’t she? __ Of course, she can design the cover. __ Yes, she just started yesterday.

3. Negative Questions – used to ask for confirmationor to politely express an opinione.g. Aren’t the clients supposed to meet us today?

__ Yes, they’ll be here at five. __ Of course, I can meet you today.

Wouldn’t it be nice to use reclaimed wood? __ Yes, he claimed it yesterday. __ That’s a great idea.

4. Alternative Questions – used to present options orchoicese.g. Would you like some tea or coffee?

__ Black coffee, please. __ No, I don’t like it.

Which do you like better, black or grey? __ Thank you, I feel better now. __ Both are good options.

5. Declarative Sentences – used to state an idea,fact, opinion, or emotione.g. I want to go to France for the holidays.

__ That sounds like a good plan. __ Sure, I can go there for you.

I heard Paul’s transferring to the head office inWashington.

__ The office is just straight ahead.

__ That’s right. He’s leaving for Washington tomorrow.

6. Suggestions a. Why don’t? – used when giving suggestion or

recommendation

e.g. Why don’t you buy a new computer?

__ Thanks, I’ll think about it.

__ I think I can fix your computer.

b. How about? – used when giving suggestion or

recommendation

e.g. How about making the payment online? __ Use your credit card to pay online.

__ That’s a brilliant idea.


4/27

What about?

e.g. What about booking the itinerary today?

__ We still haven’t finalized the dates for the trip.

__ Yes, the itinerary was booked.

Distinct uses (source: merriam-webster online)There are also some distinct uses of Howabout…? and What about …?, or uses that are not

shared between them.1. Only How abo ut.. .? can be used to ask someoneto give you something, or to ask someone if theywill do something:

How about a couple of dollars until payday? [=canyou loan me a couple of dollars until payday?]

How about offering me something to drink? [=willyou offer me something to drink?]

1. Only What abo ut...? can be used to ask whatshould be done about something:

“You can throw this one away.” “ What about the

others?" [=what should we do about the others?][

What about people who can't afford health

insurance?

c. Should/Shouldn’t? (just refer to the textbook)

Part 2 Questions and Responses

Theme Notes (page 38) A. Questions with an Interrogative

B. Questions with No Interrogative

C. Other Types of Questions

Mini-test (page 40)

A. Questions with an Interrogative

1. (B) That would be our office manager, Alice.

2. (C) This is my favorite.

3. (A) He didn’t say what time.

4. (B) Usually every other week.

5. (A) At the information booth.

6. (B) I believe it’s mine. 7. (C) She never gave a reason.

8. (A) I’m not sure.

9. (A) He got a great new opportunity.

10. (A) Anytime after lunch is fine.

11. (C) I left it on your desk.

12. (B) I slept most of the way.

13. (B) They haven’t found anyone yet.

14. (A) I’ve almost finished it.

15. (A) The courier picked it up this morning.

16. (B) Their information wasn’t accurate.

17. (A) It expires next week.

18. (C) The Australian sales office.

19. (A) I could work a few more hours.

20. (B) In the accounts office on the 3rd floor.

B. Questions with No Interrogative

1. (A) Unfortunately, no.

2. (C) Not at this time of year.

3. (A) Yes, you just missed it.

4. (B) It all depends on the problem.

5. (C) No, it’s free.

6. (B) It totally slipped my mind.

7. (A) Yes, he’s been promoted.

8. (B) Maybe. Let me ask my boss.

9. (C) I’m not sure, but make one, just in case.

10. (A) No, I’ll get to it first thing tomorrow.

11. (A) No, that one is for last week’s.

12. (B) I didn’t understand the last section.

13. (C) Yes, we should review them again.

14. (C) Yes, I move in the first of the month.15. (B) Sorry, we’re fully booked.

16. (C) Let me just finish this first.

17. (B) Yes, he called the office a few minutes ago.

18. (A) No, only the women’s coats.

19. (B) Not that I know of.

20. (B) Yes, but it wasn’t helpful.

Tips

Know the directions for Part 2.

Know the question types, so you know whattype of answer is required.

Pay attention to: similar sounding words, tagquestions, and indirect answers (i.e.

sometimes a yes/no answer does not have

“yes” or “no”).

Note: Sometimes you will not hear a question

but a statement.

Focus on the purpose of the question.

Eliminate choices that obviously don’t fit the

situation.


5/27

C. Other Types of Questions (page 41)

1. (C) Either, but customer service is faster.

2. (B) Yes, I’m expecting it tomorrow.

3. (C) He said he was feeling ill.

4. (A) It’s at 10th Avenue and Vine Street.

5. (B) No, this is the new one.

6. (A) That’s a good idea.

7. (C) By debit card, actually.8. (A) I’m not sure about that.

9. (B) That’s a shame.

10. (C) It’s supposed to be next week.

11. (A) Whichever is more convenient.

12. (C) No, it’s still on his desk.

13. (C) At 10 o’clock.

14. (B) Definitely the first one.

15. (A) We’ve changed it twice already.

16. (B) My schedule is too full.

17. (B) That’s too bad. I’m sorry to hear that.

18. (A) Ms. Penry has that position.

19. (C) Unfortunately, he has another appointment.

20. (A) That’s because of your hard work.

Part 3 Short Conversations


Additional questions: A. Office Talk

What has the man been working on?B. Office Problems

What will happen?C. Personal Changes

Who is interviewed in this conversation?D. Daily Life

When is he going back in town?E. Travel

What does the woman ask about?

Mini-test

A. Office Talk (page 44)

1. (B) A financial report

2. (D) They could increase bonuses this year.

3. (C) The company has to pay higher taxes.

4. (B) Problems with the mail service

5. (A) She is surprised at the news.

6. (C) He knows couriers that can do the deliveries.7. (C) He was away on business.

8. (B) Advertising to younger customers

9. (C) They are not open to new ideas.

10. (D) The president

11. (A) Ask for more time

12. (D) Thursday

13. (B) Complete some work

14. (A) He does not have time.

15. (A) Go for lunch

B. Office Problems ((page 46)

1. (A) How to change the toner

2. (C) Explains how to change the toner

3. (B) She will change the cartridge.

4. (C) He was on holiday.

5. (B) Last week

6. (D) Receive his new ID

7. (B) Some office equipment is broken.

8. (A) Responding so quickly

9. (C) Replace a wire

10. (B) He does not have enough equipment.11. (C) In the third week of July

12. (A) Trying to borrow an old laptop

13. (D) He almost damaged the monitor.

14. (A) Finish cleaning his monitor

15. (A) Offered him her cleaning supplies

C. Personnel Changes (page 49)

1. (D) At a reception desk

2. (C) 12th floor

3. (A) Get a beverage4. (C) A difficult coworker

5. (B) He is new at the company.

6. (A) Concerned

7. (B) Head of sales training

8. (D) His work experience

9. (C) Applicants will be contacted.

10. (C) A change in employees

11. (D) Next week

12. (A) Yuko’s transfer is very soon.

13. (B) The personnel manager14. (A) Speak to Mr. Schmidt

15. (A) Connect her to the new manager

Tips

Know the directions for Part 3. Read the first few questions while the

directions are playing.

Know the question types, so you know whattype of answer is required (main idea, detail,

or inference).

Listen for information in the questions.

Eliminate choices that are obviously incorrect.

Read the questions for the next conversation

before it starts.


6/27

D. Daily Life (page 51)

1. (C) Whether they can see a movie

2. (B) The cost of a ticket

3. (C) Buy tickets online

4. (B) Their recent high gas bills

5. (A) To ask for advice

6. (D) Lower the temperature of her water heater

7. (D) A computer store clerk8. (D) It was purchased more than 30 days ago.

9. (A) He should contact the manufacturer.

10. (A) A jewelry store

11. (B) Buy a present

12. (A) Buying a necklace

13. (D) A bank representative

14. (B) To get another card

15. (A) Get a card at a bank

E. Travel (page 54)

1. (C) It does not stop between the mall and

downtown.

2. (A) It needs to be fixed.

3. (A) Taking the subway

4. (D) A hotel clerk

5. (D) A last-minute cancellation

6. (A) She did not know about the policy.

7. (A) The air on the plane is dry.

8. (C) A flight attendant

9. (D) When the seat belt sign is off

10. (A) New York11. (C) Extending his trip

12. (B) Take a vacation after the conference

Part 4 Short Talks


Additional Questions

A. Office TalkWhat kind of office talk is taking place?B. News and Weather

What will the weather be like tomorrow?C. Travel Information

What can be enjoyed in Seychelles?D. Advertisements

What comes with all the appliances?E. Public Facilities

What time does the market open?

F. Voice MessagesWho is on the voice message?

G. Events and Festivals

Where will the bands perform?H. Reports

Where can the spirit bears be found?

Mini-test

A. Office Talk (page 58)

1. (C) To remind staff of an upcoming event

2. (A) Make sure they are organized

3. (A) To keep its high rating

4. (A) The new computer system

5. (C) To make information easier to store

6. (D) Training sessions

7. (A) To announce a retirement

8. (B) He has been ill.

9. (C) A buffet lunch

B. News and Weather (page 59)

1. (D) To warn of traffic problems

2. (C) There is road work.

3. (A) Take an alternate route

4. (A) At the beginning of the week

5. (C) The weather will be bad.

6. (D) A mix of clouds and rain

7. (B) A radio host

8. (A) To conclude a program

9. (C) A new book

C. Travel Information (page 61) 1. (D) On a plane

2. (A) At the beginning of the trip

3. (D) They must be turned completely off.

4. (B) To explain the museum rules

5. (C) A notebook

6. (A) They could damage the art.

7. (D) San Francisco

8. (B) Passengers with connecting flights

9. (C) A discount for a future flight

Tips

Know the directions for Part 4.

Read the first few questions while thedirections are playing.

Know the question types, so you know whattype of answer is required (main idea, detail,

or inference). Listen for information in the questions (i.e.

what kind of information is needed –main

idea, detail, inference).

Eliminate choices that are obviously incorrect.

Read the questions for the next talk before itstarts.


7/27

D. Advertisements (page 62)

1. (C) A monitor

2. (D) The staff is available for assistance.

3. (D) Four days

4. (C) This coming Friday

5. (C) $30 a month

6. (D) A limited number of customers

7. (B) A furniture store8. (A) By purchasing a sofa

9. (C) Delivery service is offered free.

E. Public Facilities (page 64)

1. (A) Parents of pre-school children

2. (C) Five

3. (A) By telephoning the library

4. (B) Get a license

5. (B) Tuesday at 10 a.m.

6. (A) By cash

7. (C) It is modern and fully equipped.8. (C) Weekdays

9. (C) Individualized care

F. Voice Messages (page 65)

1. (C) To respond to a colleague

2. (C) The market is too weak now.

3. (B) An advertising campaign

4. (D) Press 4

5. (D) Stay on the line

6. (A) 10 minutes7. (B) 95 minutes

8. (B) Two

9. (A) Monday at 2:30 p.m.

G. Events and Festivals (page 67)

1. (D) To announce award nominees

2. (A) Teaching excellence

3. (D) Students vote for the winner.

4. (B) He is a heart specialist.

5. (C) There will be a question-and-answer period.

6. (B) At a city hospital

7. (D) To raise money for research

8. (D) 10:00 a.m.

9. (A) Through contributions

H. Reports (page 68)

1. (D) To report evidence of global warming

2. (B) 0.5 meters per year

3. (B) They could harm Arctic animals.

4. (A) To talk about the effects of a disease

5. (B) Blindness6. (D) About $150 million

7. (C) Once every year

8. (C) A company CEO delivered it.

9. (B) They could order a new phone.

1. Grammar Practice – Parts ofSpeech

Nouns (page 72)

Suggested activity:

Instruction: Identify the function of the noun in eachsentence.

1. John is the executive vice president. (subjectcomplement)2. The payment has been made today. (noun as

subject)

3. We chose their company to do the work.(noun as object)

4. They call her the timeless beauty. (objectcomplement; noun is modified by an

adjective)

Verbs

Useful notes:

1. Modal verbs are used to show if we believesomething is certain or probable/possible (or

not) OR to talk about ability, ask permission,

make requests and suggestions/offers, etc.

The bare infinitive is basically the base/simple

form of the verb (infinitive without “to”).

Modals: can/could, may/might, shall/should,

will/would, must

Suggested activity:

Instruction: Identify the verb in each sentence.

1. The reports are sent by her assistant everyday.

2. Traffic can worsen in the next hour.3. Scott delivers pizza every day.4. Do not hesitate to contact our customer

service hotline for more inquires.

5. The artist performed in front of a largeaudience.

Exercises A. (page 73)

1. (A) proposals — The correct choice is the nounproposals, meaning “a formal plan or suggestion.”

It is the subject of this sentence.

2. (D) remind — The verb remind is missing from this

sentence. This is part of the expression remind

(someone) to do (something).

3. (C) prepared — The simple past tense prepared is

the correct choice. The sentence is missing a

verb, and the time expression in just 30 minutes

indicates that we are looking at a situation in the

past.

4. (A) must — The correct choice is the modal verb

must, used to say that something is necessary

or important. It is usually followed by an infinitive

without to. The phrase meet our deadline also


8/27

indicates that the delivery time is important.

Exercises B.

1. (A) interest — The correct choice to complete this

sentence is the noun interest. It is commonly

used with the preposition in.

2. (D) keep — The correct choice is keep. Will isfollowed

by an infinitive without to to form the future.

Exercises C.

1. (C) contract — We can sign both a contract and a

pledge, however, in this context, contract is the

appropriate choice.

2. (B) file — The correct verb for placing documents in

order in a specific location is file.

3. (A) techniques — The correct choice is the plural

noun techniques, meaning “methods.”

4. (D) patient — The correct choice is the adjective

patient , meaning “able to stay calm and not get

annoyed.”

Part 5 Mini-test (page 74)

1. (B) violence — The correct choice is the nounviolence. The phrasal verb be full of needs to befollowed by a noun.

2. (D) astonishingly — The correct choice is the adverb

astonishingly , meaning “very surprisingly.” In this

sentence, it modifies the adverb well.

3. (A) like — The simple present form like completes

the sentence. We cannot use the present

progressive with the verb like. The use of the

present tense in the clause because it gives me

lots of independence needs to be matched by a

parallel tense.

4. (C) advice — The correct choice is the noun advice.

Advise is a verb and therefore does not fit. The

nouns adaptation and adjustment do not fit into

the context of things we would expect from a

consultant.

5. (A) interest — The correct choice is the nouninterest. It is followed by the preposition in andcompletes the expression There + be-verb + aninterest in.

6. (D) controversial — The correct choice is theadjective controversial , meaning “causingdisagreement or discussion. ”Unpleasant images leadsus to this choice.

7. (C) beneficial — An adjective is needed to complete

this sentence. The adjective beneficial , meaning“having a good effect or influence,” is the correct

choice to describe the effect of the workshops.

8. (B) regular — The correct choice is the adjectiveregular , meaning “at even intervals of time.” It modifies

the noun basis. Regularly is not appropriate

because it is an adverb while regularity does not

fit because it is a noun. Regulatory is also an

adjective, but with the meaning of controlling, it

does not fit in this context.

9. (D) late — The correct choice is the adverb late. We

cannot use the superlative form latest because

the context does not deal with comparisons. Of

late and lately both mean “recently”, and

therefore do not fit here.

10. (B) Be — The correct choice is the plain form ofthe infinitive be. In this sentence, an order to do

something is being given, so the imperative is

needed.

11. (B) confidential — The correct choice is theadjective confidential . It is common to mark this on an

envelope to indicate that it should not be openedby anyone other than the person to whom it is

addressed.

12. (A) submits — We can submit a report (on time).

However, the other three verb choices in this

question do not fit in this sentence.

13. (A) agree — The correct choice in this sentence is

the simple present form agree. The speaker I is

the subject of two verbs, and these need to have

the same tense.

14. (B) well — The correct choice is the adverb well ,

meaning “in a good way.” The other choices cannot

be used with the adverb very.

15. (C) quiet — The adjective quiet is needed in this

sentence to describe the crowd. Grow is used

before an adjective to talk about a gradual change.


1. (C) tired — The correct choice is the adjective tired

because it describes how the affected agent

feels.2. (A) improve — The correct choice is the verbimprove. In this context, the subject matter is thebenefits of stretching. An improvement in flexibility isgiven as one of those benefits.

3. (B) strenuous — The correct choice is the adjective

strenuous, meaning “requiring a lot of physical

effort.” The superlative form most strenuous does

not fit because no comparison is being made.

Additionally, the adverb strenuously and the noun

strenuousness cannot be used to modify the

noun exercise.4. (C) contributions — The correct choice is the noun

contributions. Donors make contributions.


9/27

5. (B) donate — The correct choice is the simplepresent donate because we are talking about aregularly occurring action.

6. (D) usual — The adjective usual, meaning “normal”

is used here. It is not used in a comparative form

because the comparison is expressed by later.

The Red Cross will be open later.

2. Grammar Practice – Tenses

Useful notes: (page 78)

1.Past Perfect - often used with when + past simple

clause; but also used with as soon as, the moment,

and after e.g.

a. The hotel had cancelled the reservation when they

notified me. (the cancellation happened before I got

notified)b. As soon as I had finished the meeting with our CEO,

I went straight to the sales office.

c. We walked on the shore after we had eaten our

dinner.

Suggested activity (after disc uss ion of all tenses):

Instruction: Use the correct tense of the verb in eachsentence.1. He ____ (is eating / was eating) when I got home.2. I ____ (will call / called) the office this morning.

3. Sandra ____ (has worked / has work) there since themerger.

4. Mr. Takeuchi ____ (is going / are going) to check theproposal tomorrow.

5. As soon as I ____ (got / get) to the bank, I will makethe deposit.


1. (D) is — The simple present is used in time clauses

that have a future meaning, making is the correct

choice.

2. (B) met — The correct choice is the simple pasttense met , referring to a completed action in the past

(a week ago).

3. (D) has been — The present perfect is needed here

to refer to a situation that has continued up to

the present.

4. (D) was cleaning — The past progressive is used

here to refer to something that was happening

at a certain point in the past.

Exercises B.

1. (B) have complained — The present perfect have

complained is used here because the complaints

were received in the past but have a result in the

present.

2. (C) assistance — The correct choice is the noun

assistance. It is used to complete the expression

ask someone if they need assistance.

Exercises C.

1. (A) candidate — We usually refer to someone who

applies for a job or position as a candidate.

2. (C) success — The correct choice is the nounsuccess. In the given context of a business idea,

only success fits in the structure be a (huge) ___.

3. (D) annual — The correct choice is the adjectiveannual, meaning “occurring every year.” It modifies the

noun meeting.

4. (A) concerns — The correct choice is the noun

concerns, meaning “worries.” It is the word that

best fits with ease.


1. (A) will visit — The simple future form will visit isused because the sentence is talking about an event

in the future (next year).

2. (B) negotiated — The correct choice is the simple

past negotiated because it refers to a completed

action in the past.

3. (B) had never had — The past perfect is used here

to refer to something which happened before a

certain point in the past.

4. (B) am going — Be going to is used for plansalready made. The speaker has already decided tostudy abroad.

5. (B) was thinking — The past progressive wasthinking is used to express something that washappening at a certain point in the past.

6. (A) receipts — The correct choice is the nounreceipts, meaning “a slip of paper that proves thepurchase of something.” In this context of businesstravel expenses, only receipts fits with submit.

7. (C) was working — The correct choice is the past

progressive because it refers to an action that

was in progress at a certain point in the past.

8. (A) gets — The correct choice is the simple presentbecause it refers to an activity performed regularly.

This is indicated by the adverb of frequency every

day.

9. (D) convened — The correct choice is the verbconvened , meaning “got together.” It is the only choicethat is appropriate in this context.

10. (D) had been living — The correct choice is thepast perfect progressive had been living because it

refers to an action that was in progress before a

certain point in the past.

11. (A) was talking — The past progressive is needed

here because it refers to something that was

happening in the past.


10/27

12. (A) presentation — The correct choice is the noun

presentation, meaning “a talk given to explain or

introduce something.”

13. (B) was studying — The correct choice is the past

progressive was studying . It refers to an action

that was taking place at a certain point in the past.

14. (A) see — The present simple is used insubordinate clauses with a future meaning.

15. (A) proposal — The correct choice is the noun proposal , meaning “a suggestion or plan.”


1. (C) will refund — The correct choice is the simple

future form will refund because it refers to an

action that will occur at a future time.

2. (A) have returned — The present perfect form have

returned is needed because it refers to an action

that has happened several times up to the

present (multiple items in the past six months).3. (B) notified — The sentence refers to a completed

action in the past, so the correct choice is notified .

4. (C) will have — The sentence refers to an action in

the future, therefore will have is the correct choice.

5. (C) are considering — The correct choice is areconsidering because it refers to an action currently inprogress.

6. (A) Are — The 3rd person plural form of the be-verb,

are is needed to form a yes/no question here.

3. Grammar Practice – Voice(page 84)

Passive Voice is used when the receiver of the actionis more important than the doer of the action or whenthe doer of the action is not specific.

Useful notes:

1. Intransitive verbs do not have objects,therefore they cannot take passive forms.

Examples of intransitive verbs: happen, agree,belong, depend, exist, occur, sit, and swim

Suggested act iv i ty :

Instruction: Rewrite the following sentences, changingthe underlined verbs to passive voice.

1. He transferred the funds today.

The funds were transferred (by him) today.

2. The manager made us sign the memo.

______________________________

(We were made to sign the memo.)

3. I saw the janitor cleaning for hours.

______________________________

(The janitor was seen cleaning for hours.)

4. We resolved the issue quickly.

______________________________

(The issue was resolved quickly (by us).)


1. (D) been corrected — The correct choice is been +the past participle of the verb correct. This completes

the present perfect passive here.

2. (B) returned — The correct choice is the pastparticiple returned . Here it completes the presentperfect form has returned.

3. (C) were seen — The correct choice is the simplepast passive were seen. The agent of the verb is not

given, making a passive form necessary.

4. (C) was preoccupied — Because of yesterday, thepast tense is needed. With the adjective preoccupied ,

the be-verb is needed. This means was preoccupied

is the only possible choice.

Exercises B.

1. (C) was conducted — The correct choice is thepassive form was conducted . The agent of the verb isthe National Telecommunications Institute.

2. (A) interviewed — The past participle interviewed

completes the passive form in this sentence. Theagent of the verb is not mentioned in this sentence,

which is one of the key features of the passive.

Exercises C.

1. (C) personnel — Personnel refers to the department

of a company where hiring decisions are made.

2. (A) urgent — The correct choice is the adjective

urgent , meaning “needing immediate attention.”

3. (C) likely — The correct choice is the adjectivelikely , meaning “probably going to happen.”

4. (A) warm — The correct choice is the adjective

warm. It modifies the noun reception. A warm

reception means “a friendly welcome.”


1. (D) vehicles — The expression motor capital alertsus to the need of a word related to cars. Among thechoices given, vehicles is the only appropriate choice.

2. (C) were seen — The correct choice is were seen.

The robbers were seen (passive). What they were

doing when they were seen is leaving the bank.

3. (B) refused — The correct choice is the simple past

refused because it refers to a completed action

in the past.

4. (B) shouting — In passive sentences, perceptual


11/27

verbs like hear are followed by a to-infinitive for

habitual actions or an -ing form for an action in

progress at a certain point. Yesterday indicates

that we are not talking about a habitual action, so

the correct choice is shouting .

5. (A) were surveyed — The correct choice is thepassive form were surveyed . The agent of the verb isnot given.

6. (B) judge — The correct choice is the noun judge. In

a legal context, the person who makes decisions

in court is a judge.

7. (A) was satisfied — The correct choice is wassatisfied . This is often used with the preposition with.

8. (C) arrived — The correct choice is the simple pastform arrived to refer to a completed action in the past.

9. (B) established — The correct choice is the past

participle established . It forms the passive with was.

10. (B) has been employed — The correct choice isthe present perfect passive because it refers to

something that started in the past but is still

related to the present time.

11. (A) will be crowded — The correct choice is thesimple future passive will be crowded . It refers to a

future situation. The agent of the verb is people.

12. (D) success — The correct choice is the nounsuccess. The words hard work and dedication arewords that are suggestive of success.

13. (C) considering — The correct choice is thepresent participle considering . It completes the present

progressive form is considering. The committee

is in the process of making a decision.

14. (B) has not been announced — The correct choiceis the present perfect passive. Among the choices,

this is the only grammatically correct answer. The

use of the word yet indicates a connection with

the present time.

15. (A) are subsidized — The correct choice is thesimple present passive. It describes a current situation.


1. (D) attention — The correct choice is the noun

attention. It completes the expression to bring

(something) to one’s attention.

2. (C) were purchased — The correct choice is thesimple past passive were purchased . The agent of the

verb is not given in the sentence, making the

passive the obvious choice.

3. (C) impression — The noun impression is needed in

this sentence. It completes the expression to give

a good impression, meaning “to create a favorable

opinion.”

4. (B) are needed — The correct choice is the simple

present passive form are needed . In this context,

it has the meaning of “are necessary.”

5. (C) involved — The past participle involvedcompletes the passive in this sentence.

6. (A) will be asked to — The correct choice is thesimple future passive will be asked to, referring to asituation in the future.

Review Test 1Part 5 (page 90)

1. (A) was held — The correct choice is the passiveform was held . The agent of the action is not given,

indicating the need for the passive.

2. (B) announced — The correct choice is the simple

past announced because it refers to a completed

action in the past.

3. (C) stationery — The correct choice is the nounstationery , meaning “paper, envelopes, and other

such items.”

4. (D) have attended — The correct choice is thepresent perfect have attended . It refers to an action in

the past with a connection to the present.

5. (B) to be made — The correct choice is to be made.

To completes the modal verb has to, meaning

“necessary or needed.” It is used here in the

passive form with the past participle made.

6. (D) authorization — The correct choice in thiscontext is the noun authorization, meaning “officialpermission.”

7. (A) manufacturing — The correct choice is thegerund manufacturing.

8. (B) delivered — The correct choice is the pastparticiple delivered , completing the passive form in thissentence.

9. (B) been determined — The correct choice is thepassive form been determined . Together with has, itcompletes the present perfect passive.

10. (C) location - The correct choice is the nounlocation in this context. The presence about theindefinite article alerts us to the need for a noun.

11. (A) be installed — The correct choice is thepassive form be installed .

12. (A) happened — The correct choice is the simplepast tense. The time expression last week indicatesthat the past tense is needed. Happen cannot be usedin the passive.

13. (C) will have been — The correct choice is thefuture perfect tense, talking about an action whichbegan in the past but has a relation to the present.

14. (A) accountant — The correct choice is the noun

accountant . A noun is needed in this sentence.The expression speak six languages tells us that

a person is needed.

15. (C) was working — The correct choice is the past

progressive to express one action taking place at


12/27

the same time as another in the past. The speaker

attended a meeting, and at the same time, Sandra’s

work on the presentation was in progress.

Part 6 (page 92)

16. (B) has been rejected — The correct choice is the

present perfect passive. The sentence does not

identify the agent of the verb.17. (A) advise — The correct choice in this context isthe verb advise.

18. (C) luck — The correct choice is the noun luck .Here it completes the expression wish someone luck.

19. (D) has — The correct choice is the 3rd personsingular form of the simple present.

20. (A) will be — The correct choice is the simplefuture form will be.

21. (A) application — The correct choice is the noun

application in this context.

4. Grammar Practice – Agreement

Useful notes: (page 94) 1. A Singular subject takes a singular verb; a

plural subject takes a plural verb.

2. The key to making sure that the subject andverb agree is to identify whether the subject issingular or plural.

Additional examples for Subject-Verb Agreement

1. Not only Mrs. White but also many otherrespectable women are expected at thesummit. (the noun after but also determinesthe verb)

2. The employees as well as the departmenthead want a new attendance policy. (the nounbefore as well as determines the verb)

Suggested act iv i ty:Instruction: Choose the correct form of the verb ineach sentence.

1. Neither Mr. Tamiya nor the board of directors

____ (know / knows) about the decline in lastmonth’s sales.

2. The speed limit in this town ____ (is / are) 20miles per hour.

3. People ____ (has noticed / have noticed) therecent changes in the office.

4. 75% of the complaints often ____ (come /comes) from female customers.


1. (C) is — Data analysis is a singular noun, so itneeds to be followed by the 3rd person singular formof the be-verb.

2. (D) have been — The verb needs to agree with theplural noun pages and needs to be in the presentperfect for an action which occurred in the past but has

a connection to the present.

3. (B) have — The noun in the of-phrase of a fractiondetermines the number of the verb. In this case,

the noun is employees, so we need a plural form

of the verb. The past participle passed is given in

the sentence, therefore we need the verb have

to complete the present perfect.

4. (C) comes — The correct choice is the 3rd person

singular simple present form. The subject is bus,

and because the sentence refers to a regularly

occurring activity, the correct choice is comes.

Exercises B.

1. (B) along — The correct choice is along . In thissentence, it forms the prepositional phrase along with,meaning “together with.”

2. (C) all — The correct choice is the determiner all .The other answer choices cannot be used with a pluralnoun.

Exercises C.

1. (D) announced — The correct choice in this contextis announced, meaning “to make publicly known.”

2. (A) fined — The correct choice is fined , the past

participle of the verb fine, meaning ”to charge moneyas a punishment.”

3. (A) estimate — The correct choice is the verbestimate, meaning “to guess (the cost, size, or value)of something.” It is common to use this verb whentalking about asking for the approximate cost ofsomething.

4. (D) reserve — The correct choice is reserve,meaning “to keep something for someone’s use.”

Part 5 Mini-test (page 96) 1. (D) were — The correct choice is were. It completesthe past progressive (were waiting) to talk about anaction in progress at a certain point in the past.2. (A) offer — The 3rd person plural form offer is thecorrect choice. It agrees with the subject severalbranches.3. (C) is — Expressions of time need a singular verb.4. (A) is — In the expression neither . . . nor, thenumber of the verb is determined by what is next to it.In this sentence, the singular noun performanceprecedes the verb.5. (A) is — In this sentence, the verb agrees with thesingular noun climbing.


13/27

6. (B) departments — In the context of a company, thevarious sections are usually referred to asdepartments.7. (B) is attending — Modifiers do not affect thenumber of the verb. Since the subject of the sentenceis head of HR, a singular verb is needed.8. (A) is required — We do not know the agent of theverb, and every employee is a singular noun, so thecorrect choice is the singular present form of the

passive.9. (B) has been sold — The noun in the of-phrase of afraction governs the number of the verb. The correctchoice is the present perfect passive because we donot know who did the selling.10. (D) is — Mail is an uncountable noun, so we needthe 3rd person singular verb.11. (A) is — Beef is an uncountable noun, so the 3rdperson singular verb is needed.12. (D) current — The correct choice is the adjectivecurrent, meaning “up-to-date.” Fashionable, trendy,and present cannot be used to describe news.13. (A) is — The verb agrees with global warming, an

uncountable noun.14. (A) is too little — Expressions of time take asingular verb. The sentence talks of the need toadequately discuss new projects, suggesting a lack oftime. For this reason, is too little is the correct choice.15. (C) themselves — The 3rd person plural reflexivepronoun themselves is the correct choice because itrefers to a 3rd person plural noun, the directors.


1. (C) is — The verb needs to agree with mentor,therefore the correct choice is the 3rd person singularis.

2. (C) work — The sentence describes a regularlyoccurring activity, so the simple present is required.

The subject is composed of two nouns (you and yourmentor), so a plural verb form is needed.

3. (B) realistic — The correct choice is the adjectiverealistic , meaning “based on fact.”

4. (B) their — The correct choice is the possessivepronoun their because it refers to the noun productsbelonging to the plural noun advertisers.

5. (D) have received — The noun in the of-phrase of afraction determines the number of the verb.

Companies requires a plural verb. Of the two pluralverbs among the choices, only the present perfecthave received fits with in recent years which implies anaction occurring in the past.

6. (D) equally — The correct choice is the adverbequally , meaning “to the same degree.”

5. Grammar Practice – Infinitivesand Gerunds


1. Gerunds may function as subject or object of averb.e.g. Smoking is bad for your health.Do you like baking?

2. Infinitives are also used to express a purpose.e.g. I came here to tell you about the changesin the project.Ms. Jennings called to check the status of herapplication.


Instruction: Change the verb to infinitive or gerund tocomplete the sentence.

1. Sarah managed ____ (finish) the campaign onher own. [to finish]

2. I cannot imagine ____ (go) to the summit

unprepared. [going ]3. He enjoys ____ (play) golf on weekends.

[ playing ]4. The president wants us ____ (work) efficiently

using the new computers. [to work] 5. The management was surprised about

Richard’s ____ (treat) the customers unfairly.[treating ]

Exercises A. (PAGE 101)

1. (C) to arrive — With the verb expect, a to-infinitive is

usually needed.

2. (D) to admit — A to-infinitive is used after want +

object.

3. (C) coming — The correct choice is the gerund

coming. After stop, we can use a gerund or an

infinitive. To come is inappropriate because it wouldgive the meaning of “stop in order to come.”

4. (B) to meet — A to-infinitive is used with the verb

promise.

Exercises B.

1. (A) to succeed — With the verb expect, a to-infinitive

is usually needed.

2. (C) trying — We use an -ing form with stop toexpress an action in progress. In this case, successful

people continue their efforts.

Exercises C.

1. (C) win — The cor rect choice is win, meaning “toachieve first place in a contest or competition.”

2. (D) resign — The correct choice is resign, meaning

“to quit one’s job.” 3. (C) speech — The correct choice is speech. At aconference, the keynote speech is the main or

most important speech.


14/27

4. (B) succeeded — The correct choice is succeeded,

the past participle of succeed, meaning “to

come after another person.”


1. (B) being — The verb enjoy is followed by a gerund.

2. (B) ordering — The correct choice is ordering. The

expression be responsible for is followed by a gerund.3. (B) Selling — The gerund selling, used as a noun, isthe subject of this sentence.

4. (B) to bring — The verb allow is followed by a to-infinitive.

5. (B) giving — The verb regret is followed by agerund. Regret cannot be followed by a to-infinitive inthis context, talking about an event in the past.

6. (C) forbidden — The correct choice is the adjectiveforbidden, meaning “not allowed.”

7. (A) to turn — After the verb forget, we use a to-infinitive to express a purpose. In this sentence, the

speaker should have turned off the coffee maker butdid not.

8. (C) to pursue — After the verb want, a to-infinitive isneeded.

9. (B) to give — After the verb ask, a to-infinitive isneeded.

10. (B) to make — After it is important, we use a toinfinitive.

11. (A) to enter — A to-infinitive is needed here toshow purpose.

12. (B) stealing — After the verb deny, we use an -ingform.

13. (A) to inform — In this sentence, after the verbregret, a to-infinitive needs to be used. The speakersfeel regret because of the information they have togive. I/We regret to . . . is a formal way of apologizingfor something you are about to do. If the -ing formwere used in this sentence, the meaning would changeto I informed you. Now I feel regret.

14. (A) making — After the phrasal verb specialize in,an -ing form is needed.

15. (C) to check — The correct choice is to check. After try, a to-infinitive expresses purpose.


1. (B) surprised — The correct choice is the pastparticiple used as an adjective. This is used todescribe how Gwen might feel.

2. (D) such a — Such is used to talk about degree andis used with nouns and noun phrases. When theindefinite article is present, it goes before it.

3. (D) to figure — After the verb manage, a to-infinitiveis used.

4. (D) to bring — With the expression deliver on a

promise, meaning “to keep a promise,” a to-infinitive is

used.

5. (B) advice — The correct choice is the noun advice,meaning “an opinion on what one should or shouldn’tdo.”

6. (B) to create — An infinitive of purpose to create isneeded here to express the reason for the visit.

6. Grammar Practice – Participlesand Participle Clauses

Useful notes: (page 106) Participles also function as adjectives.

1. Use –ed participle to express how a person feels orto describe the one feeling the emotion

e.g. Frustrated customers complained about thenew product.

The customers were frustrated and complainedabout the new product. (the customers feltfrustrated)

Use –ed participle if you want to describe what is doneto the noun or describe its condition

e.g. boiled eggs, baked potatoes, limited budget,revised document

Some past participles do not end in –ed but they arealso used as adjectives.

e.g. rotten tomatoes, broken glass, writtenmessage,

2. Use –ing participle to describe the noun that causesthe emotion

e.g. It was another inspiring speech from thepresident.

The president gave another inspiring speech. (the

speech inspired the listeners)

Use –ing participle to describe what the noun is doingor is capable of doing/ causing someone to feel

e.g. satisfying dishes, thrilling sites, changingclimate, boring movie, participating stores


Instruction: Change the verbs into –ed or –ingparticiple to make each sentence correct.

1. The ____ (change) weather condition makes it

difficult for us to plan trips. [changing]2. I felt ___ [bore] because the movie was too

long.

3. People like ___ (interest) stories to read orwatch. [interesting]

4. ___ (interest) buyers are willing to spend evenif the product is expensive. [interested]

5. We heard the ___ (depress) news about themass layoff yesterday.


15/27


1. (C) exciting — An -ing form is needed here because

news is the agent. The news is causing people to feelexcitement.

2. (D) Surprised — An -ed form is used when theobject of its original verb serves as the subject of the

main clause. She is caused to feel surprise.

3. (C) Being — An -ing form is used when the original

verb is intransitive.4. (A) seen — A past participle is used when the object

of its original verb serves as the subject of the mainclause.

Exercises B.

1. (B) Located — An -ed form is used when the object

of its original verb serves as the subject of the mainclause.

2. (B) worn — The past participle is used because it is

not the agent of the noun (not doing the action of the

participle).

Exercises C.

1. (A) quota — The correct choice is the noun quota,

meaning “a fixed limited amount.”

2. (C) variety — The correct choice is the noun variety,

meaning “having the characteristic of being different.”

3. (B) registered — The correct choice is registered,

meaning “listed officially.”

4. (D) depression — The correct choice is the noun

depression, meaning “a period in which there is little business activity.”


1. (B) bored — The participle of the noun is not theagent

doing the action, so a past participle is used.

2. (C) certified — The past participle is used as anadjective to describe accountant.

3. (A) exhausted — Here an -ing clause is an

explanation of the following main clause. Exhausteddescribes how Mark felt. Feeling exhausted is thereason that Mark felt he was entitled to a vacation.

4. (D) confusing — The -ing form is used because thenoun modified by the participle is the agent. The policycauses people to experience confusion.

5. (A) arrested — The past participle is used here toform a passive. Tom was arrested, but we do not knowwho did the arresting.

6. (B) written — The past participle is used herebecause the object of its original verb serves as thesubject of the main clause.

7. (D) annoying — The tapping is the agent whichmakes Juan feel annoyed, therefore annoying is thecorrect choice.

8. (B) specified — The correct choice is the pastparticiple. Among the two possible choices, specified,meaning “stated or described clearly” is the answer.

9. (A) recycled — The correct choice is the pastparticiple recycled. The noun modified by the participleis not the agent, so a past participle is appropriate.

10. (C) broken — In this sentence, the past participle isneeded as an adjective. The noun modified by theparticiple is not the agent so a past participle is

appropriate.

11. (D) clarity — The correct choice is the noun clarity,meaning “the quality of being clear and easy tounderstand.”

12. (B) design — The correct choice is the noundesign. It forms a compound noun with company torefer to a company engaged in producing designs.

13. (C) Hand-written — The past participle hand-written is used as an adjective to describe letters. The

noun modified by the participle is not the agent,

so a past participle is appropriate.

14. (D) unattended — The correct choice isunattended, meaning “not watched.” It is commonlyused in announcements at railway stations andairports.

15. (C) understood — The past participle understood isneeded to complete the expression make oneselfunderstood, meaning “to communicate effectively.”


1. (B) expected — The noun modified by the participleis not the agent, so a past participle is appropriate.

2. (C) goals — The correct choice is the noun goals,meaning “target or aim.”

3. (B) pricing — The correct choice is the presentparticiple pricing. In this context, when pricing has themeaning of "when making the price."

4. (B) thinking — The -ing form is used here. It is ashortened version of when we are thinking.

5. (A) internationally — The correct choice is theadverb internationally, meaning “in several countries.”

6. (D) distributed — The past participle is needed hereto complete the simple present passive are distributed.

Review Test 2

Part 5 (page 112)

1. (B) to be updated —- The correct choice is to beupdated because needs is followed by a to-infinitive.

2. (D) to fill — The correct choice is the infinitive formto fill because of the use of the verb stop. In thiscontext, it has the meaning of “stop in order to dosomething.”

3. (C) every other — The correct choice is thedeterminer every other which modifies day.

4. (C) Located — The correct choice is the pastparticiple. A past participle is used when the object ofthe original verb serves at the subject of the main

clause. Therefore, located is needed here.


16/27

5. (D) to be promoted — The correct choice is thepassive form to be promoted .

6. (A) Struggling — The correct choice is the -ing formstruggling .

7. (A) these — The correct choice is the pluraldeterminer these.

8. (B) is — The correct choice is the 3rd personsingular form is. The noun in the of-phrase determinesthe number of the verb.

9. (C) is — Sums of money are followed by the 3rdperson singular form of the verb, making is the correctchoice.

10. (A) to finish — After order, a to-infinitive is needed.

11. (D) Hoping — The correct choice is the -ing form,hoping.

12. (B) is — The time expression three weeks isfollowed by a singular verb form.

13. (B) exhausted — The correct choice is the pastparticiple exhausted. It acts as an adjective to describeworkers.

14. (C) is — With the expression neither . . . nor, thenumber of the verb is determined by what is next to it.

15. (A) smiling — The present participle is used hereto modify the noun chairman.

Part 6 (page 114)

16. (A) taking — The expression be responsible fortakes the gerund.

17. (B) Living — The correct choice is the -ing formliving.

18. (B) their — The correct choice is the possessive

pronoun their . In this sentence, it refers to the family ofMrs. McGarrity. While family is a singular noun,because it refers to a group of people, the plural 3rdperson possessive is used here.

19. (C) located — The correct choice is the pastparticiple located, used here with the present passiveform.

20. (C) you to live — The verb allow is used with a to-infinitive.

21. (A) have — The correct choice is the auxiliary verbhave because the noun in the of-phrase of the fractiontwo-thirds is plural.

7. Grammar Practice – RelativeClauses

Useful Notes: (page 116)

1. Relative clauses are used to give additional

information about something without making

another sentence. To do this, we need relative

pronouns and adverbs.

2. Grammar purists would say using “reason

why” is incorrect and redundant. However, if

we focus on the role of “why” in a relative

clause, it is actually grammatically correct.

Reason is commonly used with “why” and we

use this to express a cause or an explanation

for something that happened or something we

have done.

>>> The relative adverb connects the relative

clause to the main clause.

e.g. He wants to know the reason(mainclause) why you’re mad at him (relative

clause).

This is the reason why I should leave the

country.

>>> Reason why only becomes redundant

when you say it like this: “This is the reason

why.” vs. “This is the reason”.


Instruction: Write the correct relative pronoun or

adverb to complete each sentence.

1. It was 1997 ___ I first visited France. [when]

2. She gets ___ she wants. [what]

3. That is the restaurant ___ I used to hang out

with my university friends. [where]

4. The woman ___ account we opened yesterday

designed these furniture sets. [whose]

5. He did not tell me the reason ___ he chose to

study in that university. [why]


1. (D) What — The relative pronoun what is notpreceded by a noun. It acts as a noun + relativepronoun together and means “the things which.”

2. (C) whose — The relative possessive whose is usedhere because the antecedent is a person.

3. (A) who — The antecedent is a person, so who isneeded. That cannot be the correct choice because itis rarely used in non-identifying clauses.

4. (A) where — The relative adverb where is usedwhen referring to a place.

Exercises B.

1. (A) which — The relative pronoun which is usedwhen the antecedent is a not a person.

2. (B) apologize — The correct choice is the verbapologize. It completes the expression to apologize for(the) inconvenience.

Exercises C.

1. (B) lose — The correct choice is the verb lose. Itcompletes the phrase lose focus, which means “to lose

concentration.” 2. (D) overtime — The correct choice is the nounovertime, meaning “work in addition to one’s regularworking hours.” It completes the expr ession to workovertime.


17/27

3. (B) distract — The correct choice is the verbdistract, meaning “to stop someone fromconcentrating.”

4. (B) asked — With the noun favor, the verb ask ismost commonly used.


1. (C) which — The relative pronoun which is neededin this non-restrictive (non-identifying) clause.

2. (B) which — Because the antecedent is not aperson, the relative pronoun which is needed. Thepreposition to means that cannot be used. Which isused instead of that, for example, in which, for which,

about which, through which.

3. (D) when — The correct choice is the relativeadverb when, used to express time.

4. (A) where — The relative adverb where is neededbecause it refers to a place (the area of the country).

5. (D) conferences — The correct choice is the nounconferences. Logically, this is the only occasion amongthe choices that would require a catering service.

6. (A) trips — This completes the compound nounbusiness trips, meaning “travel undertaken for thepurpose of one’s job.” In this context, none of the otherchoices fit.

7. (A) whichever — The relative pronoun whichever isused here with the meaning of “any one.”

8. (B) whose — The relative possessive is neededhere to refer to the antecedent people.

9. (B) who — The relative pronoun who is used herebecause the antecedent is a person (my first boss).

10. (A) why — The relative adverb why is used forgiving a reason.

11. (B) to whom — The object relative pronoun whom with the preposition to is the correct choice.

12. (D) who — The relative pronoun who is used herebecause the antecedent is a person (James).

13. (C) for whom — The relative pronoun whom isused as the object of the preposition for .

14. (B) mistake — The correct choice is the nounmistake, meaning “not correctly.”

15. (A) that — The relative pronoun that is used here.

It can be used whether the antecedent is a person ornot.

Part 6 Mini-test (page 120) 1. (D) recent — The correct choice is the adjectiverecent , meaning “of a short time ago.” 2. (C) reduce — The correct choice is the verb reduce.It is the only choice that makes sense with the nounstress in this sentence.3. (C) who — The relative pronoun who is usedbecause the antecedent is a person.4. (D) who — The relative pronoun who is usedbecause the antecedent is a person.5. (C) that — The relative pronoun that is used here. Itcan be used whether the antecedent is a person ornot.6. (A) available — The correct choice is the adjectiveavailable, meaning “able to be obtained.”

8. Grammar Practice – Conjunctionsand Prepositions

Useful notes: (page 122) Coordinating vs. Subordinating Conjunctions1. Coordinating conjunctions join two independent

clauses together in one sentence, where bothclauses will have equal emphasis/value.

e.g. Jack cleaned the kitchen. Amy did the laundry.>>> Jack cleaned the kitchen and Amy did the laundry.

2. Subordinating conjunctions are used to transformindependent clauses into dependent clauses, thus,making it less emphasized in the joined sentence.

e.g. Because she needed a long break, she went on atrip to Paris for a month.

3. Conjunctions are also used to avoid redundancy.e.g. Do you want to talk now? Do you want to talklater?

>>>

Subordination examples:

Simultaneous actions: He looked at his bride as shewalked down the aisle.

The moment they arrived, I ordered pizza.

Sequential actions: I left for Chicago when she gothome.

After completing my master’s degree, I took on a jobas compliance officer.

Reason: Now that the new hires are here, we can startthe training.

Since the team needed a new member, we startedinterviewing applicants yesterday.

Condition: We can’t go out unless the weather is goodtomorrow.

If our boss approves the proposal, we can startworking on the project right away.Concession: Although I’ve made my decision, I amstill considering my manager’s advice. The conference will push through even if there are notmany attendees.Purpose: Human Resources sent out a new memo sothat employees are reminded of the company’s

important rules.In order that we will achieve our goals, we cooperatewith each other.Contrast: John likes to study, whereas his sister doesnot.Unreal comparison: We played in the park as if wewere little kids.


1. (C) but — The conjunction but is used because it joins two contrasting ideas.

2. (D) While — The subordinating conjunction while isused. It links two simultaneous actions.

3. (B) although — The subordinating conjunctionalthough is used here to express concession.


18/27

4. (B) for — The correct choice is the preposition forused here to indicate how long.

Exercises B.

1. (C) while — The subordinating conjunction while isused. It links two simultaneous actions.

2. (D) development — The correct choice is the noundevelopment. The use of the definite article the informs

our choice here.

Exercises C.

1. (D) on the contrary — The prepositional phrase onthe contrary is used here to link two contrasting ideas.

2. (C) Shortly — The adverb shortly, meaning “soonafter,” is the correct choice.

3. (A) nearly — The adverb nearly, meaning “almost,”is the correct choice to modify go bankrupt.

4. (D) approximately — The adverb approximately,

meaning "about," is the correct choice to modify

broadcast.


1. (B) for — This preposition expresses a duration oftime.

2. (A) whether — This conjunction introduces alternate

choices (go to the meeting or not).

3. (C) about — This preposition is used here to state

what is being discussed.

4. (D) between — The preposition between is followedby a noun and used to express the involvement of two

people.5. (B) While — The subordinating conjunction while isused here to link two simultaneous actions.

6. (C) Now that — This subordinating conjunction isused to express reason.

7. (D) until — This subordinating conjunction is used toexpress sequential actions. In the 1950s, an effectivevaccine was found, but not before.

8. (B) with — The preposition with is used here toexpress the meaning “having.”

9. (C) unless — This subordinating conjunction is usedhere to express a condition.

10. (B) only — The adverb only completes thecorrelative conjunction not only . . . but also . . .

11. (A) because — The conjunction because is used toexpress reason.

12. (C) concerns — The prepositional phrase becauseof is followed by a noun. The correct choice here isconcerns, meaning “worries.” In this context, worriesabout the environment are the cause of the increasedinterest in green energy.

13. (A) in case — The correct choice is thesubordinating conjunction in case, meaning “if there isa need.”

14. (D) during — The correct choice is the prepositionduring, meaning “throughout the duration of a period.”

15. (B) whereas — This conjunction is used to expresscontrast.


1. (A) However — This conjunction is used at the startof a sentence to express the meaning “but.”

2. (A) deadlines — The correct choice is the noundeadlines. The context is about things which causestress, and deadlines are a common source of stress.

3. (C) lonely — The adjective lonely is used here to

describe hobby.4. (B) regret — The noun regret completes thecommonly used phrase It is with great regret that . . .,meaning “I am very sorry that . . .”

5. (A) during — The correct choice is the prepositionduring, meaning “throughout the duration of a period.”

6. (A) so — The conjunction so is used with themeaning of “therefore,” expressing reason.

9. Grammar Practice – Modification


1. a/an vs. the

a. a/an is an indefinite article used before asingular countable noun, to refer to one thingbut it is not specific, and to mention somethingfor the first time

e.g. a door; an apple; a report; an e-mail

I need to send an e-mail to Mr. Smith today.

I saw a woman in the stock room earlier.Maybe she’s the new employee.

b. the is a definite article used before singular orplural countable and uncountable nouns… weuse the to refer to specific things or people;refer to something for the second time; beforecollective nouns to refer to a group of people;before names of seas, rivers, group of islands,chains of mountains, deserts, regions, and afew names of countries

e.g. The girl next door works as a model. (thegirl next door, not from any other place)

She used to have a cat and a dog at home.The dog is now in a new home.

the government; the British; the army, themanagement


1. (B) sociable — The correct choice is the adjectivesociable which modifies the noun person.

2. (B) terribly — The adverb terribly modifies theadjective difficult to intensify the degree.


19/27

3. (B) the — The correct choice is the definite articlethe because it is referring to a specific book.

4. (D) in — The correct choice is the preposition in. Wekeep stock in a warehouse.

Exercises B.

1. (B) scheduled — The correct choice is the pastparticiple scheduled used here as an adjective to

describe changes.2. (C) immediately — This adverb, meaning “straightaway,” modifies the adjective effective.

Exercises C.

1. (B) terminated — The correct choice is the past

participle terminated, meaning “stopped.”

2. (D) return — The correct choice is the verb return. Itcompletes the phrase return a (phone) call.

3. (A) probable — The correct choice is the adjectiveprobable, meaning “likely to be true.” It modifies the

noun cause.4. (C) stapled — The correct choice is the verbstapled, meaning “to join together with small metalstrips.”


1. (D) extremely well — In this sentence, the verbdesigned is modified by the adverb well which isfurther modified by the adverb extremely to showdegree.

2. (C) an essential — The correct choice is theindefinite article an + the adjective essential. They

modify part, expressing that market research is justone of several important parts.

3. (D) every — This determiner is used to refer to allmembers of a group of three or more, in this case thedays of the week.

4. (A) little — The determiner little is used here to referto a small quantity and implies that it is insufficient.

5. (B) complete — The correct choice is the adjectivecomplete, meaning “whole.”

6. (C) its — The determiner its, meaning “belongingto,” refers to the company.

7. (A) remit — The correct choice is the verb remit,meaning “to send money.”

8. (B) something — The pronoun something is thecorrect choice here to express an undeterminedquality.

9. (A) it is — The correct choice is the 3rd personsingular pronoun it and the be-verb is.

10. (D) very — The adverb very is used here to modifythe adjective well.

11. (B) really good — The correct choice is theadjective good, modified by the adverb really, whichadds emphasis.

12. (C) 7-year-old — The correct answer is 7-year-old,NOT 7-years-old because adjectives never agree withthe noun they modify.

13. (B) the most — The correct choice is thesuperlative form the most because more than twothings are being compared.

14. (D) contractually — The correct choice is theadverb contractually, which modifies the adjectiveobligated.

15. (A) any — The correct choice is the determinerany. In this sentence, it modifies interest with anegative meaning.


1. (A) other — The determiner other is not used in theplural when it is used with a noun.

2. (A) possible — The correct choice is the adjectivepossible, meaning “able to be done or happen.”

3. (B) distract — The correct choice is the verbdistract, meaning “to impede concentration.”

4. (C) research — The correct choice is the nounresearch. It is the only logical choice in this context.

5. (D) likely — In this sentence, the adjective likely is

modified by the determiner more.6. (B) a few — The determiner a few modifies the nounyears, meaning “a small number.”

Review Test 3

Part 5 (page 134)

1. (D) Each — The correct choice is the determinereach. It modifies the noun employee.

2. (B) that — The correct choice is the relative pronounthat. It is used because the antecedent is not a person.

3. (A) as though — The correct choice is the

subordinating conjunction as though.4. (A) whose — The correct choice is the relativepossessive pronoun whose.

5. (A) initial — The correct choice is the adjectiveinitial, meaning “first or early.”

6. (B) During — The correct choice is the prepositionduring.

7. (D) how — The correct choice is the relative adverbhow, meaning “the way that” in this context.

8. (D) which — The correct choice is the relativepronoun which. Here it introduces the non-identifyingclause is a Portuguese-speaking country.

9. (D) among — The correct choice is the prepositionamong, meaning “part of a group.”

10. (B) 6-month — The correct choice is the modifier

6-month because adjectives do not agree in numberwith the noun they modify.

11. (C) Now that — The correct choice is thesubordinating conjunction now that. It connects causeand effect.

12. (C) unhappy — The correct choice in this context isthe adjective unhappy.

13. (C) by — The correct choice is the preposition by,

meaning “before or no later than.” 14. (D) equally — The correct choice is the adverbequally.


20/27

15. (C) when — The correct choice is the relativeadverb when. It completes the expression the time . . .when.

Part 6 (page 136)

16. (C) and — The correct choice is the conjunctionand. It connects two similar ideas.

17. (A) who — The correct choice is the relative

pronoun who because the antecedent is a person.While that is also used for people in identifyingclauses, in this sentence, that is not used because weare dealing with a non-identifying clause.

18. (B) highly — The correct choice is the adverbhighly. Here it modifies the verb discourage.

19. (D) which — The correct choice is the relativepronoun which. It is used here to refer to a non-humanthing in a non-identifying clause.

20. (B) because of — The correct choice is theprepositional phrase because of. Because of is usedbefore a noun or pronoun.

21. (C) accordingly — The correct choice is the adverbaccordingly. It modifies the past participle increased.

10. Grammar Practice – Pronouns


1. (B) none — None is used to express the idea thatthere is nothing. In this sentence, it expresses thatpaper was not found.

2. (D) himself — The correct choice is the reflexive

pronoun himself because he (the subject) is the personwho had to do the work.

3. (D) our — The correct choice is the possessivepronoun our because it refers to the office that belongsto we and it is followed by a noun.

4. (B) That — The demonstrative pronoun that is usedhere to refer to something which is singular and distantfrom the speaker. Because the speaker is talkingabout bids, that is replacing bid in this sentence.

Exercises B.

1. (B) What — What is used here in the function of

noun + relative pronoun. It is expresses the thingswhich.

2. (C) it — In this sentence, the correct choice is thepersonal pronoun it . Be worth it is an idiomaticexpression, meaning “to be reasonable or to havevalue.”

Exercises C.

1. (B) Safety — The correct choice is the noun safety.

It is used with regulations to form the compound

noun safety regulations.

2. (A) proceeds — The correct choice is the noun proceeds, meaning “profits.”

3. (D) considerable — The correct choice is theadjective considerable, meaning “large or significant.”

4. (B) conclusive — The correct choice is the adjectiveconclusive, meaning “definitive or certain.”


1. (B) hers — The correct choice is the possessivepronoun hers. It is needed here because it refers to aprogram belonging to a woman, and because it is notfollowed by a noun.

2. (A) Whoever — The interrogative pronoun whoeveris used here to introduce a noun clause. It is also usedbecause it refers to an unidentified person.

3. (C) these — The plural demonstrative pronounthese agrees with the verb are and acts as the subject

to replace an unspecified non-human item on sale.

4. (D) none — None is used to express the idea thatthere is nothing. In this context, it expresses that therewere no complaints.

5. (C) Those — The demonstrative pronoun those isused in this sentence with the meaning “all thepeople.”

6. (B) us — The correct choice is the objectivepronoun us. It is the direct object of the sentence.

7. (D) herself — The reflexive pronoun herself is usedto emphasize that it is the queen who did the visiting,and not someone else.

8. (A) he — The use of the possessive pronoun hisinforms us that the owner is male, therefore he is thecorrect choice.

9. (A) responsibility — The correct choice is the nounresponsibility, meaning “duty.”

10. (C) what — The correct choice is the relativepronoun what. In this sentence, it expresses the things

which.

11. (D) this — The correct choice is the singulardemonstrative pronoun this. It is used for things closeto the speaker. We can assume that the meeting isgoing to take place soon, and that is why the speakeris trying to avoid it.

12. (B) the others — The others is used because thereare more than three people being referred to.

13. (A) the other — The indefinite pronoun the otherexpresses an additional, but unnamed, person andagrees with believes. The writer is contrasting Mr.Hodson's opinion with that of someone else.

14. (A) myself — Because the subject is my greatestachievement, the correct choice is the 1st personsingular reflexive pronoun myself.

15. (A) how — The correct choice is the adverb how,meaning “in what way.” The speaker is talking

about fixing something, so word to express a methodor means is needed.


1. (B) another — The pronoun another, meaning “onemore; an additional one,” is the correct choice.

Because there is no article, another, NOT other isneeded here.

2. (A) appreciate — The correct choice is the verbappreciate. It is used when you are thanking someoneand want to show gratitude.


21/27

3. (C) whatever — The correct choice is theinterrogative pronoun whatever. It expresses the ideathat what kind of wine Mary purchases is unimportant.

4. (D) themselves — The correct choice is the reflexivepronoun themselves because it refers to seniors andtheir ability to perform their own personal care.

5. (A) isolation - The correct choice is the nounisolation, meaning “being alone.”

6. (C) allocated — The correct choice is the pastparticiple allocated , meaning “set aside for a specificuse.” It is commonly used when talking aboutgovernment funding.

11. Grammar Practice – Comparisons


1. (C) better — The correct choice is better , thecomparative form of good. Two things are being

compared: the expectation and the reality.2. (A) far — Far is used to modify the comparativeform more. It is used for emphasis.

3. (C) quickest — The correct choice is the superlativeform quickest . Three or more things are beingcompared. Also the presence of the definite article the indicates that a superlativ

Documents

Taking the Toeic 1 Answer Key New1