Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Nutritional Controversies
Taking a closer look at the foods that we eat.
Close Reading Activity 2/24/15
What kinds of claims can be made about the link between sugar and diabetes, obesity, heart disease, weight gain and tooth decay?
What claims have the most evidence? Based on the evidence, and that fact that some of the evidence is inconclusive, what health recommendations would you make about sugar consumption?
Reading Assignment
Claims- to assert or maintain as a fact: She claimed that he was telling the truth.
Evidence-that which tends to prove or disprove something; ground for belief; proof.
2.something that makes plain or clear; an indication or sign: His flushed look was visible evidence of his fever.
Retrieved from Dictionary.com
Food Additives Overview
WHAT IS A FOOD ADDITIVE? Any substance added
to food. Direct- added to a
food for a specific purpose
Indirect-become part of the food due to packaging, storage, or other handling.
Must prove to form safe before permitted to add to food.
FUNCTION OF FOOD ADDITIVES
To Maintain Safety and Freshness Slow mold Control contamination and
possible food borne illness To improve or maintain
nutritional value Make up for any lacking nutrients
in your diet Improve taste, texture, and
appearance Enhance taste Improve appearance Help texture Aid in appearance
Food Additives
Have been used for many years to preserve, flavor, blend, thicken, and color foods.
Strictly studied, regulated, and monitored.
Federal regulations require evidence that each substance is safe before added to food.
Natural and Artificial Sugar
Basic Facts
Americans consume on average more than 200 calories each day from sugary drinks
Four times what they consumed in 1965
Strong evidence indicates this has been a major contributor to the obesity and diabetes epidemics.
the American Heart Association found that the average American eats 22 teaspoons of “added” sugars per day.
For your reference, 1 teaspoon is 4 grams of sugar.
A can of coke has 39 grams of added sugar, or almost 10 teaspoons of sugar.
Recommendations:
Men no more than 9 teaspoons of added sugar per day
Women- no more than 6 teaspoons of added sugar per day.
Is Sugar Toxic?
Sugar Toxic?????
Do you feel like this is a controversy that is unnecessary? Explain
Describe how the video explains that sugar can be toxic.
Sugar Videos
Crave Sugar What is released
when we eat sugar?
How does the brain crave sugar?
Brain on Sugar
What are Artificial Sweeteners?
Substances used in place of sugar or sugar alcohols.
Can help people who are trying to lose weight
Provide sweetness without adding extra calories
Can help prevent tooth decay and control blood sugar for diabetes patients
Chemically processed
Artificial Sweeteners vs. Natural Sugar
More research is also needed on the safety of artificial sweeteners.
There is no clear evidence that the artificial sweeteners sold and used in the United States are linked to cancer or coronary heart disease risk in humans.
Types of Sweeteners
Aspartame- Equal– 220 times sweeter than sugar
Sucralose-Splenda– 600 times sweeter than sugar
Saccharin- Sweet-n-Low– 200-700 times sweeter than sugar
Monk Fruit- 150-200 times sweeter than sugar
Acesulfame K- Sweet OneNeotame
FDA Approved Sweeteners
To date, the FDA has approved the use of five artificial sweeteners; each one is far sweeter than regular sugar. (55) They include: Bellisle F, Drewnowski A. Intense sweeteners, energy intake and the control of body weight. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2007;61:691-700.
Artificial sweetener Brand names Sweetness as compared to sugar
Aspartame Equal®, NutraSweet®, others
180 times sweeter than sugar
Acesulfame-K
Sunett®, Sweet One® 200 times sweeter than sugar
Saccharin Sweet’N Low®, Necta Sweet®, others
300 times sweeter than sugar
Sucralose Splenda® 600 times sweeter than sugar
Neotame No brand names 7,000 to 13,000 times sweeter than sugar
More About Stevia?
One natural low-calorie sweetener, stevia, has not yet been evaluated by the FDA.
Stevia is about 300 times sweeter than sugar.
There are no long-term studies of the health effects of stevia.
Natural Sugars
Natural sugar is the kind of sugar contained in fruits, vegetables, and other plants.
Natural sugars occur most plentifully in fruits, which is what gives them their sweet taste.
In the United States, sugars that have been refined or processed, even minimally, cannot be sold under the “natural” label.
Looking at sugar on Food Labels Activity
Genetically Modified Foods
Genetically Modified Foods
Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) - Myths and Truths
What are your thoughts on Genetically Modified Foods after watching this clip.
Genetically Modified Foodsor Hybridization?GENETICALLY MODIFIED
MORE THAN 70 MILLION ACRES SINCE 1986.
Does not require labeling.
Process of breaking the natural boundaries that exist between species
Produces desired traits
Example: genes from salmon can be spliced into tomatoes to make them more resistant to cold weather
HYBRIDIZATION
The fertilization of the flower of one species by the pollen of another species
Hotly debated subject. In the 1930s, Milford Beeghly created
new hybrids of corn that were more resistant to insects and easier to grow than the original strain.
Many felt that this was against nature or immoral, but the hybrids proved to be commercially successful for the farmers that used them in their fields.
More than ½ of America's processed grocery products contain gene-altered ingredients.
Splicing the genes makes the tomatoes crops larger when the weather is unfavorable.
Final Thoughts from an 11 year old
11 year old speaks about Modified Foods
Organic and Local Foods
Organic foods
Refers to the way farmers grow and process agricultural products Fruits, vegetables, grains, dairy, and meat.
Designed to encourage soil and water conservation and reduce pollution
Do not use conventional methods to fertilize and control weeds.
Use natural fertilizers, crop rotation, or mulch to manage weeds.
Organics Continued
View the video to the left and pay attention to the differences in the way that conventional and organic farmers grow their foods.
What is Organic?
Local Food Movements
No generally accepted definition of “local food”
Typically involve smaller farmers, heterogeneous products, and short supply chains
Farmer’s perform marketing functions: including storage, packaging, transportation, distribution, and advertising.
Local Food Movement
As you view the clip, answer any questions that go along with this topic.
Probiotics
Probiotics are live bacteria and yeasts that are good for your health, especially your digestive system.
Probiotics are naturally found in your body. You can also find them in some foods and supplements.
Probiotics Video Clip
Probiotin Although this is for a particular
product, the information presented in the video is good at explaining why there is an increased need in adding probiotics to your diet.
Why Use?
When you lose "good" bacteria in your body, probiotics can help replace them.
They can lower the amount of "bad" bacteria in your system.
They can help balance your "good" and "bad" bacteria to keep your body working like it should.
Use of Probiotics
Lactobacillus. This may be the most common probiotic. It’s the one you’ll find in yogurt and other fermented foods.
Bifidobacterium. You can also find it in some dairy products.
Probiotics help move food through your gut
Researchers are still trying to figure out which are best for certain health problems.
Some common conditions they treat are: Irritable bowel syndrome Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) There is also some research to show they
ease the symptoms of non-stomach-related problems like:
Skin conditions, like eczema Preventing allergies and colds Oral health
Wrapping it All Up
We have discussed 4 Nutrition Controversies that are sometimes heavily discussed. Choose one and write a response to the following.
I feel that it is important for consumers to understand the following facts about ________________.
Your response should be at least 2 paragraphs in length and provide some evidence.
References
Food Additive Overviewhttp://www.fda.gov/Food/IngredientsPackagingLabeling/FoodAdditivesIngredients/ucm094211.htm Webmd.com
The Final 9 Weeks
The next topic we will cover is obesity. You will have an individual research and presentation assignment. This is be a big portion of the final 9 weeks grade. Do not procrastinate these last weeks
Finish Strong!!!!
4th 9 Weeks Topics
Finish Nutrition Controversies- Response Paper
Obesity- Individual Research and Presentations
The Food Supply- where does your food come from?
Creating a Sensory Experiment( will likely be the final)
Final Portfolio
