Table of Contents Page

Chapter One — Benefits of Walking ......................................................... 2

Chapter Two — Pedestrian Roadway Safety ............................................... 2

Chapter Three — Pedestrian Crossing Safety ............................................. 4

Chapter Four — Pedestrian Safety for Children ......................................... 7

Chapter Five — Pedestrian Safety for Seniors ............................................ 10

Appendix A — Additional Resources: Online Links.................................... 11

Appendix B — Idaho Pedestrian Laws ...................................................... 12

— See Pullout Activity Section in the center of the booklet —

A Message to Idaho Walkers

Walking is one of the most common modes of transportation. It is a simplepleasure that requires little more than putting one foot in front of another. Likechildren discovering the joy of taking their first steps, many adults are rediscoveringthe benefits of walking.

When walkers begin mixing with motorized traffic, there is much to be learnedby both pedestrians and drivers. This booklet will focus on the knowledge andchoices you need to become safe, confident, and comfortable when choosingwalking as a form of transportation.

Walking can improve your physical and mental well-being, reconnect you toyour neighborhood and community, and positively impact the environment.Parents who walk send a message to their children that walking is an importantpart of day-to-day well-being, and that there are enjoyable alternatives to travelingeverywhere by car.

This booklet contains three chapters addressing general safety guidelines, andtwo special chapters addressing the unique challenges children and seniors faceas pedestrians.

Walk Safe - Walk Smart - Walk Often

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Idaho Walk Smart

Chapter 1. Benefits of Walking

An early-morning walk is a blessing for the whole day. ~Henry David Thoreau

Health BenefitsWalking is an activity that most of us do every day in varying degrees. A few extra steps eachday do not require much more exertion and the benefits may be quite noticeable over time.Studies confirm that taking several short walks every day provides the same cumulative healthbenefits as longer sessions.

Health benefits of walking include:• Increased endurance• Weight loss and weight management• Decreased risk of disease• Better mental well-being• Sounder sleep• Even more benefits!

Please note: If you have any health concerns ormedical conditions, be sure to check with yourdoctor for advice before you begin an increasedphysical activity routine.

Social BenefitsWalking is a great way to get out of the house, explore your community, and meet newpeople. Finding a regular walking partner can reinforce the commitment to walk, but moreimportantly it gives you quality time with a companion.

Social benefits of walking include:• Reducing isolation and loneliness• Connecting with family, friends and community• Expanding networks• Enhancing self-esteem and raising confidence

Additional Resources can be found in Appendix A.

Chapter 2. Pedestrian Roadway Safety

It’s important to be aware of your surroundings when walking. Watch and listen for theunexpected. Use sidewalks whenever possible and obey traffic signs and signals. Rememberthat drivers and bicyclists can surprise you with the choices they make, especially if they donot see you or disobey traffic signs or signals.

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It is up to you to keep yourself safe. Walking with headphones reduces your sense of hearing andincreases the potential that you will be surprised or struck by an approaching car or bicycle.Talking on a cell phone may distract you from watching the environment around you. Studiesshow that talking on the phone takes more concentration than most people realize.

Where to WalkWalk on sidewalks wherever they are provided.If you walk on a road that doesn’t havesidewalks, walk on the left side of the road,facing traffic. When you face oncoming trafficyou are less likely to be surprised by anoncoming vehicle. Stay away from traffic andkeep as far to the side of the roadway aspossible. Be aware of your surroundings atall times.

Many cities are developing shared-use paths, which are corridors shared by a variety ofnon-motorized users. Pathways that parallel roadways are generally separated from motorizedtraffic by an open space or a physical barrier. Pedestrians on these pathways should walkon the right side of the path, allowing cyclists and skaters to pass them on the left. Be cautiousand aware when entering traffic areas such as driveways or street crossings.

Parking Lot SafetyCongestion in parking lots creates unpredictable scenarios and requires you to be extracautious. The following tips will help keep you safe:

• Remember that many vehicles have blindspots preventing drivers from seeingyou around their vehicles.

• Watch for vehicles backing up (signsinclude back-up lights, exhaust smoke,and engine noise).

• Watch for vehicles pulling forwardthrough spaces between parked vehicles.

• Remain as visible as possible.• Use pedestrian walkways whenever

possible.

Visibility When WalkingAs a pedestrian be as visible as possible to motorists. At dawn, dusk, and nighttime motoristsmay not see you, even in lit areas. Even if they do see you, they may not see you soon enoughto stop.

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Walk facing traffic whenever possible

Parking lot walkways are safer thanwalking behind vehicles

Research shows that pedestrians without visibility aids areunlikely to be seen by motorists in time to stop their vehicle

and prevent a crash, especially at night.

Reflective aids improve visibility and save lives. Wearing bright or light-colored clothing isnot enough to allow drivers time to stop when they see you.

Smart pedestrians wear retro-reflective materials that reflect brightly when headlights shineon them. Retro-reflective material may be placed on clothing, backpacks and shoes. Safety vestsand arm bands are inexpensive aids. A pedestrian may also choose to carry a flashlight toincrease visibility.

Note: Reflectors with flashing LED lights are seen from a greater distance than simple reflectivetape and may give drivers even more stopping time.

Walking and TransitMost people who use public transportation walk to or from the bus or train stop. Goodwalking conditions encourage the use of public transportation. When departing a bus, neverattempt to cross the street in front of the bus. Wait until the bus departs and go to the nearestcrosswalk. Notify the transit authority if you observe unsafe conditions.

Chapter 3. Pedestrian Crossing Safety

Making smart choices when crossing a street keeps pedestrians alive. Be aware of your surroundings.Be observant and alert. Attempt to make eye contact with drivers to be sure they see you, andwatch for them to slow or stop. Many pedestrians are injured while “legally” crossing a street ina crosswalk. When using a crosswalk, it is better to be safe than “legally correct.”

Safety tips for crossing a street:• Use crosswalks if they are available.• Cross at intersections with traffic signals whenever possible.• Stop at the curb.• Look left-right-left for traffic in all directions before and while crossing a street.• Make eye contact with drivers and watch for indications they have seen you.• Stop and look around parked cars or other objects that may block your view of traffic.• Let oncoming traffic pass and look left-right-left again before crossing.• Watch carefully for turning vehicles.• Continue to watch for vehicles as you cross the street. Other vehicles may be approaching

as you cross.• Whenever possible, cross with a group. It is easier to see many people than one person.

Be visible and predictable! You should never enter a street suddenlyor step into the path of a moving vehicle.

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Marked CrosswalksCrosswalk markings define pedestrian paths across roads and alert drivers to crosswalklocations. Use marked crosswalks whenever possible. Even within a marked crosswalk, do notassume that you are safe or that drivers see you. Stay alert and continue to look both ways asyou cross the street. Section 49-703, Idaho Code, states that pedestrians shall move to the rightof the crosswalk when others are crossing in the opposite direction at the same time.

Unmarked CrosswalksCrosswalks are implied at all intersections, whether or not they are marked.

Right-of-Way• Pedestrians have the right-of-way at intersections with marked or unmarked crossings.• Pedestrians DO NOT have the right-of-way at any other locations along a road.• Do not depend on the right-of-way for your safety. You may end up dead right.

Left Turn and Right-on-Red ConflictsMake sure the driver of a vehicle that is turningsees you. Drivers turning left are usually lookingfor other vehicles rather than for pedestrians. Driversturning right on a red light are likely to look leftbefore turning, but may not look for pedestrians inor entering the roadway. Also be aware thatsometimes motorists pull into the pedestrian crossingarea to improve their line of sight.

Pedestrian SignalsPedestrian signals are usually located at intersections with traffic lights. If you see a pedestriansignal button, press it to activate the pedestrian signal. As always, be aware of left-turninglanes with an arrow indicating protected turns for vehicles.

What the pedestrian signal means:

A steady walking person or WALK signal means that you may begincrossing after you check traffic to be sure all drivers at the intersectionsee you—especially drivers making right or left turns.

A flashing upraised hand or DON’T WALK signal means it is toolate to enter the street and cross completely before the traffic signalchanges. If you are already in the crosswalk, continue acrosscalmly. Do not enter the crosswalk if you have not begun crossing.

A steady upraised hand or DON’T WALK signal means the trafficlight will be changing. Do NOT enter the crosswalk. Remain on thecurb and wait for the next cycle. If you are already in the intersection,continue safely across the street.

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Watch approaching cars closelywhen you are in a crosswalk

Countdown timers show pedestrians how many seconds they have remainingduring the pedestrian crossing phase. They help you decide whether you haveenough time to cross before the pedestrian signal changes to a steady DON’TWALK signal. If you are already in the crosswalk when the countdown starts,

continue crossing. Only begin crossing during the countdown phase if you are sure you haveenough time to finish crossing.

Complex Intersection GeometrySkewed intersections occur when streets cross at angles other than 90 degrees andcreate complicated scenarios for both pedestrians and drivers. Crossing distances may beincreased, requiring you to stay in the street longer. You may be out of a driver’s line of sightand should be extra cautious. Watch for streets with a wider turning radius where vehiclesmay take the curve at a higher speed.

Roundabouts are intersections with one-way traffic circulating around a central island.Entering traffic must yield the right-of-wayto traffic circulating within the roundabout.Roundabouts allow for a continuous flowof traffic. Pedestrian crossings are segmentedand may have “splitter islands” which allowyou to cross the street one lane at a time.Do not cross over to the center island in aroundabout. Pedestrians should stay on theexterior of the circle.

Mid-block Crossings are locations between intersections that have been marked as acrosswalk. Mid-block crossings are often installed in areas with heavy pedestrian traffic in orderto provide more frequent crossing opportunities. They may be more prevalent near schoolswhere people might otherwise cross unsafely. Some crossings near schools have flashing lightsin the pavement to alert drivers that pedestrians are entering or crossing the street.

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High Volume and Multi-laneRoadways are unsafe to cross withouta signal or special pedestrianaccomdations. Such as markedcrosswalk with program lighting,pedestrian activated flashing lights, ora median refuge island. On a multi-laneroad never assume all drivers see youeven when one vehicle stops. Often whena vehicle stops for a pedestrian in onelane, other drivers do not stop.

Look around vehicles to see what is in the next lane

Pedestrian Flag Systems have been installed toincrease the visibility of those crossing the streets inmany Idaho communities. Before entering the street,pedestrians pick up a flag to carry as they cross, makingthem more visible to motorists. When they reach theother side of the road, they leave the flag in the holderprovided. If you notice most or all of the flags on yourside when you begin to cross, consider taking morethan one with you to the other side.

Alleys and Driveways can be dangerouslocations for pedestrians. Watch carefully forvehicles entering or leaving a road at thesepoints. Even though you are on a sidewalk, thedriver of a vehicle turning in or out of a drivewayor alley may not see you.

Chapter 4. Pedestrian Safety for Children

As adults, we often take for granted how well we are able to interpret the environment aroundus. Children need to be taught how to stay safe near roads. Children observe a roadwayenvironment from a different perspective than adults. Note these distinctive differences:

• Young children are not tall enough to see and evaluate the entire traffic situation correctly.• Children have limited ability to process information outside of their central line of vision

until about 10 years of age.• Children are easily preoccupied or distracted.• Children have difficulty in correctly perceiving the direction of sound and the speed of

vehicles.• Many children have a poor understanding of the use of traffic-control devices and

crosswalks.• Children have difficulty judging distances of approaching cars and knowing when a safe

gap occurs between vehicles.

Height: Children see everything from a much lower viewpoint and their smaller staturemakes them harder for motorists to see. It is also harder for children to see oncoming trafficif there are parked cars or landscaping in the way.

Judgment: Children do not have the ability to accurately judge the speed of a vehicle andcannot accurately determine whether the vehicle is slowing or maintaining speed. This makesit difficult for children to know when an approaching vehicle becomes a potential danger.

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Hearing: Children cannot accurately determine where soundis coming from in an environment with many distractions. Achild may allow approaching vehicles to get much closerbefore being detected than an adult would.

Vision: The peripheral vision of children is not fully developed,which makes it difficult for them to notice movement fromthe side.

Learning: The ability to understand the potential results of a bad decision is age related.Children must not walk alone on or near public roads until they are able to understandsafety rules and the consequences of poor decisions.

Visibility: Children have a tendency to think that if they can see a person, the person seesthem. This may not be the case if a driver is not paying attention. Drivers may also assumethat because they see a child, the child sees them. Children who regularly walk or ride theirbikes to school should have retro-reflective material and/or lights that are visible to passingmotorists. Retro-reflective material can be added to clothing, shoes, or backpacks.

Attention Span: Children have short attention spans and tend to act before thinking ofthe consequences. They may daydream while walking and not be aware of the traffic andcircumstances surrounding them.

Young children are vulnerable near traffic and should always be accompanied by an adult.Allow your children to make practice decisions when you walk together. This will allow youto determine what skills they have acquired and what skills they still need to learn. Rememberthat a child’s ability to learn the many skills necessary to safely interact with traffic is dependentupon the child’s age.

Walking is essential to the mobility of young children. Parents and caregivers need todetermine at what age a child is able to safely navigate the block, the neighborhood, andthe community. Walking is a great way to encounter the world while gaining skills andexperiences that help children to learn. Their ability to mentally “map” their outdoorenvironment begins with experiencing it on foot.

Learning to Cross Roads SafelyIn general, children are not ready to cross a busy street alone safely until age 10, accordingto the Safe Routes to Schools research. Parents and caregivers are a child’s first pedestriansafety teachers.

Important pedestrian safety lessons to teach children include:• Stop at the curb.• Look and listen before crossing the street.

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• Look LEFT-RIGHT-LEFT to be sure the road is clear before stepping into a road andwhile crossing a street.

• Cross at a corner or crosswalk with a walk signal.• Do not cross near parked cars and NEVER step out between parked cars.• Walk directly across a street, not diagonally.• Never run or play while crossing a street.• Watch for signs of parked cars getting ready to move (lights, exhaust smoke, motor

sounds, wheels turning).• Take responsibility for your own safety. Don’t assume your friends and playmates know

how to cross a street safely. You may have to watch out for their safety as well.

Potentials Risks for ChildrenDriveways are fun play areas for young children, but families are traumatized forever whena parent, sibling, relative, or friend backs a vehicle over a child in a driveway. Children atplay are not aware of the world around them and are at risk of being injured. Adults musttake precautions every time they get in to drive a vehicle, being certain the area is clear.

Some basic ways to avoid tragedies are:• Walk around your vehicle before getting in to drive.• Know the locations of all nearby children when you move a vehicle.• Do not rely on mirrors for keeping track of a child’s movement—mirrors have blind

spots.• Never trust children to stay out of the way just because you told them to do so. It would

be better to place children in a vehicle before moving it.

Parking Lots are unpredictable and dangerous for children.• Do not allow small children to get out of a car until you open their door to help them

out.• If you have a baby in the car, have the older children wait in the car until you have taken

the baby out.• Hold the hand of young children while walking through parking lots.• If you have more children than hands, have them hold each other’s hands in a walking

“train” and stay close to you.• Teach your children the signs of a vehicle backing out (back-up lights, exhaust smoke,

or motor sounds.)

Walking to and from SchoolIf you live within walking distance of school, the following guidelines will help to ensure asafe journey for your children:

• Know the route your children will walk to school and teach them to use the same routeevery day.

• Show children the proper places to cross the street and how to stay safe while crossing.• The best walking route may not be the same as the best driving route.

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• Choose street crossings with signals, low-speed traffic, marked crossings, or crossingguards.

• Ask the school for a recommended walking route.• Consider a “Walking School Bus” if several children come from the same neighborhood.• Always obey a crossing guard’s instructions.• Stand two giant steps back from the curb until it is safe to cross.• Be aware of school loading and unloading zones. Avoid high-traffic areas when walking.• Never cross a street or parking lot between vehicles or behind buses.• Stay away from tempting shortcuts with unseen dangers.

Chapter 5. Pedestrian Safety for Seniors

Senior citizens encounter obstacles that may not hinder younger pedestrians. Whenolder adults are injured, those injuries are more severe due to the increased frailtythat accompanies the aging process.

Some things to be aware of when walking are:• Seniors may have decreased visual acuity including decreased sharpness and

visual range, loss of contrast sensitivity, and slower horizontal eye movement.• Seniors often have difficulty with balance and postural stability, resulting in

slower walking speeds and increased chance of tripping and falling.• Multi-tasking becomes more difficult for seniors resulting in challenges locating

information in a complex environment.• Selecting safe crossing situations may be difficult for seniors in complex traffic

situations, possibly due to deficits in perception and cognitive abilities.• Seniors may have difficulty estimating the speed of approaching vehicles, thus

misjudging when it is safe to cross the road.• Slower reaction times and reduced decision-making skills mean it will take

longer to decide when to cross or when to move out of the way of an approachingvehicle.

• Some medications may impair judgment or cause dizziness or blurred vision.

Safety Tips for Seniors• Plan your routes to avoid hazardous crossings or high-volume streets.• Use paths and sidewalks whenever possible.• Where sidewalks are not available, walk facing traffic and keep as far to the left

of the road as possible.• Cross at intersections and pedestrian crossings.• Stay alert. Do not rely on signals and signs. Drivers may not stop.

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• Look in all directions before crossing a street.• Allow plenty of time to cross a street.• Walk with a friend or organize a neighborhood

walking group.• Choose routes that are safe.• Be extra careful in parking lots.• In rain or snow, allow extra time and distance for

vehicles to stop and for you to walk safely.• Do not allow hoods or umbrellas to block your

view of oncoming traffic.• Carry a flashlight or visibility aid when walking in low light to allow motorist to

see you and to increase your ability to see where you are walking.• Wear retro-reflective clothing in low light or night time conditions.

APPENDIX A - Additional Resources: Online Links

Chapter 1 - The Walking Site - www.thewalkingsite.com/index.html

Pedestrian and Bicycle Information Center - www.walkinginfo.org

Centers for Disease Control -www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa/physical/everyone/recommendations/index.htm

Federal Highway Administration’s Pedestrian Safety Roadmap & Resource Catalog -http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/ped_bike/

Children - Federal Highway Administration - Safer Journey. This website allows accessto an interactive cd-rom. It follows the decision-making process that a 14-year old makesto get across his city by walking and bus. http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/saferjourney

Centers for Disease Control. This website has many healthy lifestyle topics centered onchildren. www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa/kidswalk/

National Center for Injury Prevention and Control - www.cdc.gov/ncipc/pedestrian/default.htm

Safe Routes to School National Clearinghouse - www.saferoutesinfo.org

Safe Routes to School National Partnership - www.saferoutespartnership.org/home

Seniors - “Stepping Out” Mature Adults: Be Healthy, Walk Safely; U.S. Dept of Transportation;www.nhtsa.dot.gov/people/injury/olddrive/SteppingOut/pdf_version/stepping_out.pdf

Pedestrian and Bicycle Information Center - www.walkinginfo.org

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Pedestrian-related IDAHO CODE Title 49,Chapter 7; 2008

49-701. PEDESTRIAN OBEDIENCE TO TRAFFIC-CONTROL DEVICES AND TRAFFIC REGULATIONS.(1) A pedestrian shall obey the instructions of anytraffic control devices specifically applicable to him,unless otherwise directed by a peace officer.(2) Pedestrians shall be subject to traffic andpedestrian-control signals as provided in sections 49-802 and 49-803, Idaho Codes.(3) At all other places, pedestrians shall be accordedthe privileges and shall be subject to the restrictionsstated in this title.

49-702. PEDESTRIANS' RIGHT-OF-WAY INCROSSWALKS.(1) When traffic-control signals are not in place ornot in operation the driver of a vehicle shall yield theright-of-way, slowing down or stopping, if need be, toyield to a pedestrian crossing the highway within acrosswalk.(2) No pedestrian shall suddenly leave a curb or otherplace of safety and walk or run into the path of avehicle which is so close as to constitute an immediatehazard.(3) Subsection (1) of this sections shall not applyunder conditions stated in section 49-704(2), IdahoCode.

(4) Whenever any vehicle is stopped at a markedcrosswalk or at an unmarked crosswalk at anintersection to permit a pedestrian to cross the highway,

the driver of any other vehicle approaching from therear shall not overtake and pass the stopped vehicle.(5) Except where otherwise indicated by a crosswalkor other traffic-control devices a pedestrian shall crossthe highway at right angles to the curb or by theshortest route to the opposite curb.

49-703. PEDESTRIANS TO USE RIGHT HALF OFCROSSWALKS.Pedestrians shall move, whenever practicable, uponthe right half of crosswalks.

49-704. CROSSING AT OTHER THAN CROSSWALKS.(1) Every pedestrian crossing a highway at any pointother than within a marked crosswalk or within anunmarked crosswalk at an intersection shall yield theright-of-way to all vehicles upon the highway.

This clearly states that pedestrians have the right-of-way only at marked and unmarked crosswalks. If youchoose to cross at other locations, you must yield theright-of-way to vehicles.

(2) Any pedestrian crossing a highway at a point wherea pedestrian tunnel or overhead pedestrian crossinghas been provided shall yield the right-of-way to allvehicles upon the highway.A specially provided pedestrian crossing negates apedestrian’s right-of-way on the roadway.

(3) Between adjacent intersections at which traffic-control signals are in operation, pedestrians shall notcross at any place except in a marked crosswalk.

National LinksFHWA – Pedestrian and Bicycle Safety - http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/ped_bike/

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration -www.nhtsa.dot.gov/portal/site/nhtsa/menuitem.dfedd570f698cabbbf30811060008a0c/

America Walks - www.americawalks.org

Idaho Links - Idaho Safe Routes to School - www.itd.idaho.gov/SR2S/index.html

Idaho Transportation Department Office of Highway Safety - www.itd.idaho.gov/ohs

Idaho Highway Safety Coalition - www.idahohighwaysafety.org

Idaho Pedestrian Laws - www.legislature.idaho.gov/idstat/Title49/T49CH7.htm

APPENDIX B - Idaho Pedestrian Laws

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This applies to downtown areas that have traffic controlsignals at two or more intersecting streets. It can beviewed as the exception to (1). For two traffic-controlled intersections to be adjacent, there cannotbe any public street intersections between them thatare not traffic-signal controlled. (Alleyways are definedas highways in Idaho code, but are excluded here.)

(4) No pedestrian shall cross a highway intersectiondiagonally unless authorized by traffic-control devices.When authorized to cross diagonally, pedestrians shallcross only in accordance with the traffic-control devicespertaining to crossing movements.

Diagonal crossings are rare, but do exist in Idaho.This intersection stops traffic in all directions andallows pedestrian movement in all directions at thesame time.

49-705. PEDESTRIANS YIELD TO AUTHORIZEDEMERGENCY VEHICLES.(1) Upon the immediate approach of an authorizedemergency vehicle making use of an audible or visualsignal meeting the requirements of section49-623, Idaho Code, or of a police vehicle properlyand lawfully making use of an audible signal only,every pedestrian shall yield the right-of-way to theauthorized emergency or police vehicle.(2) This section shall not relieve the driver of anauthorized emergency or police vehicle from the dutyto drive with due regard for the safety of all personsusing the highway or from the duty to exercise duecare to avoid colliding with any pedestrian.

49-706. BLIND AND/OR HEARING IMPAIREDPEDESTRIAN HAS RIGHT-OF-WAY.The driver of a vehicle shall yield to the right-of-wayto any blind pedestrian carrying a clearly visible whitecane or accompanied by a guide dog or a hearingimpaired person accompanied by a hearing aid dog.

49-707. PEDESTRIANS’ RIGHT-OF-WAY ON SIDEWALKS.The driver of a vehicle crossing a sidewalk shall yieldthe right-of-way to any pedestrian and all other trafficon the sidewalk.

49-708. PEDESTRIANS ON HIGHWAYS(1) Where a sidewalk is provided and its use ispracticable, it shall be unlawful for any pedestrian towalk along and upon an adjacent roadway.

(2) Where a sidewalk is not available, any pedestrianwalking along and upon a highway shall walk only ona shoulder, as far as practicable from the edge of theroadway.

(3) Where neither a sidewalk nor a shoulder isavailable, any pedestrian walking along and upon ahighway shall walk as near as practicable to any outsideedge of the roadway, and, if on a two-way highway,shall walk only on the left side of the highway.(4) Except as otherwise provided in this title, anypedestrian upon a roadway shall yield the right-of-way to all vehicles upon the roadway.

49-709. PEDESTRIANS SOLICITING RIDES ORBUSINESS.(1) No person shall stand on a highway or the purposeof soliciting a ride.(2) No person shall stand on a highway for the purposeof soliciting employment, business, or contributionsfrom the occupant of any vehicle, provided however,that a person may stand on a highway other than astate or federal highway to solicit contributions ifauthorized to do so in writing by the local authorityhaving jurisdictions over the highway, and providedfurther, that any such authorizations shall not be validfor more than one (1) year from the date of issuance.(3) No person shall stand on or in proximity to ahighway for the purpose of soliciting the watching orguarding of any vehicle while parked or about to beparked on a highway.

49-710. BRIDGE AND RAILROAD SIGNALS.(1) No pedestrian shall enter or remain upon anybridge or approach thereto beyond the bridge signal,gate, or barrier after a bridge operation signalindication has been given.(2) No pedestrian shall pass through, around, over,or under any crossing gate or barrier at a railroad,grade crossing or bridge while the gate or barrier isclosed or is being opened or closed.

49-109. DEFINITIONS (5)"Highway" means the entire width between theboundary lines of every way publicly maintained whenany part is open to the use of the public for vehiculartravel, with jurisdiction extending to the adjacentproperty line, including sidewalks, shoulders, bermsand rights-of-way not intended for motorized traffic.The term "street" is interchangeable with highway.

49-117. DEFINITIONS -- P. (5)"Pedestrian" means any person afoot and any personoperating a wheelchair or a motorized wheelchair oran electric personal assistive mobility device.

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Website: www.IdahoHighwaySafety.orgEmail: admin@IdahoHighwaySafety.org

Website: http://itd.idaho.govPO Box 7129 Boise, ID 83707

Ph: 208-334-8100

8 / 2009