t7 First Aid

7/30/2019 t7 First Aid

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Help given to asick or injuredperson until full

medical treatmentis available

FIRST AID


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First Aid Equipment:

is the temporary or the immediate care

to a burn, wound, injury, etc that a victim

has obtained from an accident.

is used to ease the pain of an injury, to

prevent the worsening of the injury, to stop

the loss of blood from bleeding and to

prepare the victim for bringing to the

hospital.

FIRST

AIDEQUIPMENT

DEFINITION


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First Aid Equipment:

is the initial basic treatment of an injured

or ill person.

requires an observer first to evaluate theinjured or ill person and then to intervene,

using a small amount of supplies

FIRST

AIDEQUIPMENT

DEFINITION


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A well-stocked first-aid kit can help you respond

effectively to common injuries and emergencies.

Keep at least one first-aid kit in your home and one in

your car.

Store your kits in easy-to-retrieve locations that are

out of the reach of young children.

Children old enough to understand the purpose of the

kits should know where they are stored.

FIRSTAIDEQUIP

MENT


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Basic supplies :

* Adhesive tape* Antibiotic ointment

* Antiseptic solution or towelettes

* Bandages, including a roll of elastic wrap (Ace, Coban,

others) and bandage strips (Band-Aid, Curad, others) inassorted sizes

* Instant cold packs

* Cotton balls and cotton-tipped swabs

* Disposable latex or synthetic gloves, at least two pairs

* Duct tape

FIRSTAIDEQUIP

MENT


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Basic supplies :

* Gauze pads and roller gauze in assorted sizes

* Eye goggles* First-aid manual

* Petroleum jelly or other lubricant

* Plastic bags for the disposal of contaminated materials

* Safety pins in assorted sizes

* Save-A-Tooth storage device containing salt solution

and a travel case

* Scissors, tweezers and a needle

* Soap or instant hand sanitizer

* Sterile eyewash, such as a saline solution* Thermometer

* Triangular bandage

* Turkey baster or other bulb suction device for flushing

out wounds

FIRSTAIDEQUIP

MENT


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Medications :

* Activated charcoal (use only if instructed by your poiso

control center)* Aloe Vera gel

* Anti-diarrhea medication

* Over-the-counter oral antihistamine (Benadryl, others)

* Aspirin and non aspirin pain relievers (never giveaspirin to children)

* Calamine lotion

* Over-the-counter hydrocortisone cream

* Personal medications that don't need refrigeration

* If prescribed by your doctor, drugs to treat an allergic

attack, such as an auto-injector of epinephrine (EpiPen)

* Syringe, medicine cup or spoon

FIRSTAIDEQUIP

MENT


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Check forBREATHING :

Lack of oxygen intake can lead to brain damageor death in very few minutes.

Check forBLEEDING :

Life cannot continue without an adequate supplyof blood to carry oxygen to the body.

Check forSHOCK :Unless shock is prevented or treated, death may

result even though the injury would not otherwise

be fatal

B

ASICRULESOFFIRSTAID


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Burns and scalds are damage to

the skin caused by heat. Both aretreated in the same way.

A burn is caused by dry heat, from

an iron or fire for example.

A scald is caused by somethingwet, such as hot water or steam.

Burns can be very painful and cancause blisters and charred, black orred skin

BURN & SCALDBASICFIRST

AID&TREATMEN

T


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Severe burns Treatment1. Start cooling the burn immediately under

running water for at least 10 minutes

2. Dial 999 for an ambulance3. Make the casualty as comfortable as

possible, lie them down4. Continue to pour copious amounts of cold

water over the burn for at least ten minutes or

until the pain is relieved5. Whilst wearing disposable gloves, removejewellery, watch or clothing from the affectedarea - unless it is sticking to the skin

6. Cover the burn with clean, non-fluffy materialto protect from infection. Cloth, a cleanplastic bag or kitchen film all make gooddressings

BASICFIRST

AID&TREATMEN

T


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Minor burns TreatmentFor minor burns, hold the affected area undercold water for at least 10 minutes or until thepain subsides.

Remove jewellery etc. and cover the burn asdetailed above.

If a minor burn is larger than a postage stamp

it requires medical attention.

All deep burns of any size require urgenthospital treatment.

BASICFIRST

AID&TREATMEN

T


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Clothing on fire Treatment

Stop the casualty panicking or running

any movement or breeze will fan the flames

Drop the casualty to the ground

If possible, wrap the casualty tightly in a coat,curtain or blanket (not the nylon or cellulartype), rug or other heavy-duty fabric. The bestfabric is wool

Roll the casualty along the ground until theflames have been smothered.

BASICFIRST

AID&TREATMEN

T


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On all burns :

Do not use lotions, ointments and creamsDo not use adhesive dressingsDo not break blisters

BASICFIRST

AID&TR

EATMEN

T


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Minor bleeding episodes are common, easy

to treat, and have no long-termconsequence.

Major bleeding can be very dangerous.Significant bleeding can occur in manysituations, even underwater or in thewilderness.

Accidental cuts, lacerations, or puncture

wounds from sharp objects could causeextensive bleeding. Extensive bleeding cancause a drop in; and decreased organblood flow, which could lead to shock.

BLEEDINGBASICFIRST

AID&TR

EATMEN

T


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Minor cuts, scratches and grazes Treatment

1. Wash and dry your own hands.

2. Cover any cuts on your own hands and puton disposable gloves.

3. Clean the cut, if dirty, under running water.

Pat dry with a sterile dressing or clean lint-freematerial. If possible, raise affected areaabove the heart.

4. Cover the cut temporarily while you clean the

surrounding skin with soap and water and patthe surrounding skin dry. Cover the cutcompletely with a sterile dressing or plaster

BASICFIRST

AID&TR

EATMEN

T


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Severe bleeding Treatment

1. Put on disposable gloves.

Apply direct pressure to the wound with apad (e.g. a clean cloth) or fingers until asterile dressing is available.

2. Raise and support the injured limb. Takeparticular care if you suspect a bone has

been broken.3. Lay the casualty down to treat for shock.4. Bandage the pad or dressing firmly to control

bleeding, but not so tightly that it stops thecirculation to fingers or toes. If bleeding seepsthrough first bandage, cover with a secondbandage. If bleeding continues to seepthrough bandage, remove it and reapply.

5. Treat for shock.6. Dial 999 for an ambulance.

BASICFIRST

AID&TR

EATMEN

T


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Severe bleeding Treatment

Remember :

protect yourself from infection by wearingdisposable gloves and covering any woundson your hands.

If blood comes through the dressing do not

remove it

bandage another over theoriginal.

If blood seeps through both dressings, removethem both and replace with a fresh dressing,applying pressure over the site of bleeding

BASICFIRST

AID&TR

EATMEN

T


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Shock is a life threatening conditionthat occurs when the vital organs,

such as the brain and heart, aredeprived of oxygen due to aproblem affecting the circulatorysystem.

SHOCK

BASICFIRST

AID&TR

EATMEN

T


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Recognition and treatment

1. Look for- Pale face

- Cold, clammy skin- Fast, shallow breathing- Rapid, weak pulse- Yawning- Sighing

- In extreme cases, unconsciousness.

2. Lay the casualty down with legs raised- Treat any possible causes of shock- Help them to lie down- Raise and support their legs- Loosen tight clothing- Keep them warm

3. Call for help- Dial 999 or 112 for emergency help

BASICFIRST

AID&TR

EATMEN

T


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Complete or incomplete break or a

crack in a bone due to anexcessive amount of force.

BONE FRACTURES

BASICFIRST

AID&TR

EATMEN

T


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Recognition and treatment

1. Look for- Swelling

- Unnatural range of movement- Immobility- Grating noise or feeling- Deformity- Loss of strength

- Shock- Twisting- Shortening or bending of a limb

2. Support and immobilise- Support the injured limb- Immobilise the affected part

3. Call for help- Dial 999 or 112 for an ambulance- Treat for shock

BASICFIRST

AID&TR

EATMEN

T


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A poison - also called a toxin - is a

substance which, if taken into the bodyin sufficient quantity, may causetemporary or permanent damage.

Poisons can be swallowed, absorbedthrough the skin, inhaled, splashed intothe eyes, or injected.

Once in the body, they may enter the

bloodstream and be carried swiftly to allorgans and tissues. Recognition featuresvary with the poison - they may developquickly or over a number of days

POISONINGBASICFIRST

AID&TR

EATMEN

T


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Swallowed Poisoning

Alcohol Poisoning

Drug Poisoning

Food Poisoning

Poisonous Plants and Fungi

Insect Stings

POISONINGBASICFIRST

AID&TR

EATMEN

T


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is usually caused by consuming food or

drink that is contaminated with bacteria orviruses.

caused by poisons (toxins) from bacteriaalready in the food. (The salmonella or E.coli group of bacteria, which are foundmainly in meat, are common causes of foodpoisoning.)

Symptoms may develop rapidly (withinhours), or they may not occur until a day orso after eating contaminated food.

FOOD POISONINGBASICFIRST

AID&TR

EATMEN

T


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Toxic food poisoning is frequently caused

by poisons produced by the staphylococcusgroup of bacteria.

Symptoms usually develop rapidly,possibly with two to six hours of eating theaffected food.

One of the dangers of food poisoning isloss of body fluids. The dehydration that

results from this fluid loss can be serious if thefluids are not replaced quickly enough.Dehydration is especially serious in the veryyoung and the very old, and, in some cases,

treatment may be required in hospital.


AID&TR

EATMEN

T


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Recognition features

There may be :- nausea and vomiting- cramping abdominal pains- diarrhoea (possibly bloodstained)- headache or fever- features of shock- impaired consciousness.

Your aims

- to encourage the casualty to rest- to give the casualty plenty of bland fluids todrink- to seek medical help if necessary.


AID&TR

EATMEN

T


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Treatment

1. Advise the casualty to lie down and rest.Help them if necessary

2. Give the casualty plenty of bland fluids to

drink and a bowl to use if they vomit

3. Call a doctor for advice.

4. If the casualty's condition worsens:Dial 999 for an ambulance


AID&TR

EATMEN

T


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Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation

is a lifesaving technique useful inmany emergencies, including heartattack or near drowning, in whichsomeone's breathing or heartbeathas stopped

CPR

CARDIOPULMO

NARYRESUSCITATION


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CPR IN THREE SIMPLE STEPS :CARDIOPULMO

NARYRESUSCITATION

1. CALL

2. PUMP

3. BLOW

Check the victim for unresponsiveness. If the

person is not responsive and not breathing

or not breathing normally. Call 911 and

return to the victim. In most locations theemergency dispatcher can assist you with

CPR instructions.

If the victim is still not breathingnormally, coughing or moving, begin

chest compressions. Push down in thecenter of the chest 2 inches 30 times.Pump hard and fast at the rate of atleast 100/minute, faster than once persecond.

Tilt the head back and lift the chin.Pinch nose and cover the mouth withyours and blow until you see the chestrise. Give 2 breaths. Each breath shouldtake 1 second.

CONTINUE WITH 30 PUMPS AND 2 BREATHS UNTIL HELP ARRIVESNOTE: This ratio is the same for one person & two person CPR In two person CPR the person pumping the

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t7 First Aid