T1_INTRO

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OSHintroduction to

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occupational safety & health

What is

OSH?

is a condition in which an

employeeneeds a work environment that is safe

and healthy for themselves and others

who may be affected by its activities.

is a basic human right for safety at

workplace

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the conceptof

OSH Accident prevention is an essential part ofgood management and workmanship

Management and workers must cooperate

Top management must take the lead

A define and known safety and health policy

Organization and resources to achieve

policy

Best available knowledge and methods

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historyof

OSH

Until 1970, there were no national laws

for safety and health hazards

Several tragedies had occurred :- The 1911 Triangle Shirtwaist

Company fire in New York City

killed 146 of 500 employees

- Production for World War I caused

a crisis in work place safety and

health conditions

- By the 1960s, 14,000 workers

died every year and more than 2.2

million workers were not able to

work from injuries and illnesses

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1911 Triangle Shirtwaist Company, NY

- Industrial disaster

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history ofdevelopment

OSH

The Era of Boiler Safety-Before 1914

Around 1890s Perak state government

elected a personnel expertise in steam

boiler and was given a license as boilersurveyor

The era of machinery safety-1914

to1962

On 1 January 1914, all the steam boiler

enactments was replaced with

Machinery Enactment .

The inspector inspects the steam boilerand any other machinery such as internal

combustion engine, water turbine and

any other auxiliary installation involved

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The era of industrial safety-1953 to 1967

All the machinery enactment used

before1953 was then replaced with

Ordinal 1953.

The role of an inspector has expanded

from only inspecting the steam boiler to

the safety of workers in factories that

uses machinery

The era of industrial safety and health-1970

to 1994

Akta Kilang dan Jentera (Factories and

Machinery Act ) 1970was approved by the

parliaments.

To solve all the shortcoming of the Machine

Ordinal 1953, as the workers in a

workplace without machine previously are

now being protected under the new Acts.


OSH

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The era of occupational safety andhealth-1994 onwards

Occupational Safety and Health Act

(OSHA) was enacted in 1994

FMA 1967 emphasis on safety while

OSHA 1994emphasis on addressing

health hazards in the workplace


OSH

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the

of safety in the work place

protects employees and the employer from

death or injury

teaches workers how to work in a safe

environment and to handle risks

everyone can remain motivated if they feelsafe and happy

teaches the workers to pay attention to

their surroundings

protects companies from law suits,

citations and fines.

violence at workplace

IMPORTANCE

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Major safety

TERMINOLOGIES

Accident- An unplanned unexpected event

which may result in loss, injury or damage

Code of Practice - A body of rules for PracticalGuidance only and not having the force of law

although failure to comply may be used in

evidence in legal proceedings.

Ergonomics -The study of relationship betweenworkers and their occupation, equipment and

environment and particularly, the application of

anatomical, physiological and psychological

knowledge to the problems arising there from.

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Fire Precautions - The measures taken and the

fire protection features provided in a building

(e.g. design, systems, equipment and procedures)

to minimize the risk to the occupants from andoutbreak of fire.

Fire Prevention - The concept of preventing

outbreaks of fire, of reducing the risk of fire

spreading and avoiding danger to persons andproperty from fire.

First Aid - The skilled application of accepted

principles of treatment on the occurrence of anaccident or in the case of sudden illness, using

facilities or materials available at the time.

Major safety

TERMINOLOGIES

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Major safety

TERMINOLOGIES

Hazard - The exposed danger, a condition or

practice with potential for loss. A situation that

may give rise to personal injury or asset damage

or both.

Manual Handling - Any means of transporting or

supporting a load manually. Lift, putting down,

pushing , pulling, carrying or moving by hand of

bodily force.

Means of Escape - Structural means whereby a

safe route is provided for persons to travel

unaided from any point in a building to a placeof safety

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Near Miss - An incident, which does not show a

visible result, but had the potential to do so.

Policy - A statement of corporate intent, whichwill be adopted and pursued as advantageous or

expedient.

Qualified Worker - One who is accepted as having

the necessary physical attributes, who possesses

the required intelligence, training and education,

and has acquired the necessary skill and

knowledge to carry out the work in hand to

satisfactory standards of safety, quantity andquality

Major safety

TERMINOLOGIES

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Reasonably Practicable - A computation made in

which the quantum of risk is placed on one scale,

and the disadvantages involved in the measure

necessary of averting the risk is placed upon the

other. A balance between: risk and cost,inconvenience, effect on production.

Risk Assessment-A process where hazards are

identified and risks evaluated, with the objective

of eliminating or reducing the risks as low asreasonably practicable.

Safety Audit-Monitoring of the implementation of

a safety policy by subjecting each area of an

activity to a systematic critical examination with

the purpose of minimizing loss , and providing a

quantified assessment of performance

Major safety

TERMINOLOGIES

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Major safety

TERMINOLOGIES

Safety Inspection - Systematic assessment

of safety standards for plant, place of work,

working. Carried out by a manager and not

a safety adviser/engineer.

Safety Monitoring - Periodic checks on

observance of corporate safety standardsand procedures.

Workplace - The workplace may be

described as any place where people

are at work

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types ofACCIDENTS

Accident happens mostly due by

two major causes:

Unsafe condition at the workplace

Unsafe act done by a person or a

group

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types ofACCIDENTS

Five of the most common accidents

occurring in the workplace :

Slips/Falls

Manual Work Activities

Working Around Vehicles/ Moving

Equipment Electric Shock

On-the Job Hazards

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Occupationalsafety is very

important and

it is the jointresponsibility

of all :

the government ,

the employer and

the worker

Conclusion

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Task1. OSH Act 1994 - Yusra

2. Responsibilities of : Amin

EMPLOYER (Part IV, Section 15-19)

EMPLOYEE (Part VI, Section 24-27)

3. Factory & Machinery Act 1967 (FMA)

- Syawal

4. Safety & Health Organizations inMalaysia :

NIOSH - Yati

DOSH - Emilia

SOCSO - Hazwani

Form 6 groups : Prepare any style of presentation

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Documents

T1_INTRO