T. S. Eugene Ng eugeneng at cs.rice.edu Rice University 1

COMP/ELEC 529Computer Network Protocols and Systems

Overview

Some slides used with permissions from Edward W. Knightly, Ion Stoica, Hui Zhang

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A bit about me...

• Grew up in Hong Kong• B.S. University of Washington (Seattle)• Ph.D. Carnegie Mellon University (Pittsburgh)

• Research interests in networked systems• Teach courses related to computer networks at both

undergraduate and graduate levels

• CS Graduate Committee Co-Chair

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The BOLD Project in the News

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A bit more about me...

• Love cycling, but don’t have much time for it anymore...

• Besides teaching, research, administrative work, and other professional obligations...

I’m Curious: What Motivated You to Take 529?

• Introduce yourself to your neighbor• Interview neighbor on what motivated him/her to take

529?

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Obviously Internet Makes These Possible...

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Course Goals

• Understand more deeply the classic Internet problems– routing, congestion control, security, etc.

• Understand emerging technologies and challenges– Software defined networks, cloud computing, big data

applications

• Become equipped to innovate, solve problems, do great things

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What’s the “State of the Internet”?

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Long before there were computers...

• 1876: Alexander Bell invented telephone• 1878: Public switches installed at New Haven and San

Francisco, public switched telephone network is born

– People can talk without being on the same wire!

Without Switch With Switch

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The Advent of Computer Technology 1940s

• Different networking requirements• Computers to computers communication

– vs. communication between human beings

• Digital information, discrete messages – vs. continuous analog voice

• Circuit switching technique in telephone network hugely inefficient for computer communications

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Major Internet Milestones

• 1960-1964 Basic concept of “packet switching” was independently developed by Paul Baran (RAND), Leonard Kleinrock (MIT)– AT&T insisted that packet switching would never work!

MIT TX-2SDC Q32

dial-up

• 1965 First time two computers talked to each other using packets (Roberts, MIT; Marill, System Development Corp (SDC))

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Major Internet Milestones• 1968 BBN group proposed to use Honeywell 516 mini-

computers for the Interface Message Processors (i.e. packet switches)

• 1969 The first ARPANET message transmitted between UCLA (Kleinrock) and SRI (Engelbart)– We sent an “L”, did you get the “L”? Yep!– We sent an “O”, did you get the “O”? Yep!– We sent a “G”, did you get the “G”?

Crash!

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Major Internet Milestones

• 1970 First packet radio network ALOHANET (Abramson, U Hawaii)

• 1973 Ethernet invented (Metcalfe, Xerox PARC)• 1974 “A protocol for Packet Network Interconnection”

published by Cerf and Kahn– First internetworking protocol TCP

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The 2004 A. M. Turing Award Goes to...

• "For pioneering work on internetworking, including the design and implementation of the Internet's basic communications protocols, TCP/IP, and for inspired leadership in networking.”

Bob Kahn Vint Cerf

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Major Internet Milestones

• 1977 First TCP operation over ARPANET, Packet Radio Net, and SATNET

• 1985 NSF commissions NSFNET backbone• 1991 NSF opens Internet to commercial use

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Commercial Internet after 1994

NSF Network

Regional ISP

Rice

Campus Network

Joe's Company

NSF Network

AT&T

Verizon

Sprint

IBM

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Network Component Examples

Links Interfaces Switches/routers

Ethernet

WiFi

Internet Remains Unreliable

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August 13!!

Internet Remains Insecure

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Problems are Numerous!

Source: Akamai Technologies, Inc.

YouTube traffic mis-routed to Pakistan

1000s of Netherlands DSL customers lost service due to network configuration errorCTBC (Brazil) black-holed all Internet

traffic in some parts of BrazilSupro (Czech) routing messages triggered a Cisco router bug world-wide