Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering 234

Jengnan JuangYi-Cheng Huang Editors

Intelligent Technologies and Engineering Systems

Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering 234

For further volumes:http://www.springer.com/series/7818

Jengnan Juang • Yi-Cheng Huang

Editors

Intelligent Technologiesand Engineering Systems

EditorsJengnan JuangSchool of EngineeringMercer UniversityMacon, GA, USA

Yi-Cheng HuangNational Changhua University of EducationChanghua City, Taiwan R.O.C.

ISSN 1876-1100 ISSN 1876-1119 (electronic)ISBN 978-1-4614-6746-5 ISBN 978-1-4614-6747-2 (eBook)DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-6747-2Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London

Library of Congress Control Number: 2013933455

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Preface

Welcome Message from the ICITES2012 General Chairs

On behalf of the organizing committee, we are pleased to extend our warmest

welcome to all the participants of International Conference on Intelligent

Technologies and Engineering System (ICITES 2012) at the National Changhua

University of Education in Taiwan. The organizing committee has put forth an

excellent technical program covering various aspects of Intelligent Technologies

and Engineering Systems.

The primary objective of this conference is to bring together on a common

platform academicians, researchers, application engineers, industry personnel, and

the users of emerging intelligent technologies and engineering systems. Delegates

and experts are invited to participate and present their work, and the conference will

be of interest to a wide spectrum of professionals at all levels. The conference is

intended to encourage and facilitate knowledge sharing, interactions, and

discussions on future evolutions of new challenges in the twenty-first century.

There will be keynote speeches, invited presentations, technical sessions, panel

discussions, and local tours.

We have accepted 120 papers consisting of plenary sessions and technical

sessions in which over 100 authors from several countries around the world will

give their presentations. The organizing committee has tried its best to make the

conference as comfortable as possible to all the participants.

We are grateful to the participants – in particular, those who organized sessions

and presented papers. We would like to extend our sincere thanks to all the invited

speakers, members of the organizing committee, review committee, local arrange-

ment committee, and the persons from industries. We also would like to thank all

the graduate and undergraduate students who are presenting their research work as

well as volunteering to help in organizing this conference. We understand what it

takes to put together an event such as this and would like to express our sincere

thanks to all involved in the preparation of this conference. We also want to thank

all of the colleagues and staff who worked on the conference technical program.

v

The success of this conference is due to those of you who planned and designed the

technical program, participated in reviewing the manuscripts, coordinated the

exhibit, and volunteered to moderate technical sessions.

We look forward to seeing you all again in the next conference.

Macon, GA, USA Jengnan Juang

Changhua City, Taiwan R.O.C. Yi-Cheng Huang

vi Preface

2012 First International Conferenceon Intelligent Technologiesand Engineering Systems

Organization

Honorary Chair:

Yen-Kuang Kuo National Changhua University of Education, Taiwan

Huey-Por Chang Open University of Kaohsiung, Taiwan

General Chair:

Jengnan Juang Mercer University, USA

General Co-chair:

Yi-Cheng Huang National Changhua University of Education, Taiwan

International Program Committee:

Jer-Nan Juang National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan

Chih-Chiang Hua National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Taiwan

Fuh-Shyang Juang National Formosa University, Taiwan

Stephen D. Prior Middlesex University, London, England

F. Frank Chen The University of Texas-San Antonio, Texas, USA

Ekaterina Kostina Marburg University, Marburg, Germany

Marvin Cheng West Virginia University, USA

Yi-Cheng Huang National Changhua University of Education, Taiwan

Benjamas

Panomruttanarug

King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Thailand

Jeh Won Lee University in Gyeongbuk, Korea

Jengnan Juang Mercer University, USA

Richard W. Longman Columbia University, USA

Hans Georg Bock University of Heidelberg, Germany

Technical Program Committee:

Minh Q. Phan New Hampshire, USA

R. Radharamanan Mercer University, USA

Richard W. Longman Columbia University, USA

Hans Georg Bock University of Heidelberg, Germany

(continued)

vii

Jeh Won Lee, Yeungnam University in Gyeongbuk, Korea

Robert Howard ATA, USA

Jengnan Juang Mercer University, USA

Ghadir Radman Tennessee Technological University, USA

J. Walton The University of Edinburgh, UK

Soo cheol Lee Daegu University, Korea

F. Frank Chen The University of Texas – San Antonio, USA

Ekaterina Kostina Marburg University, Germany

Cheng-Fu Yang National University of Kaohsiung, Taiwan

Cheng-Yi Chen Cheng Shiu University, Taiwan

Yi-Cheng Huang National Changhua University of Education, Taiwan

Wing-Kwong Wong National Yunlin University Scene, Taiwan

Wen-Chung Chang Southern Taiwan University, Tainan, Taiwan

National Advisory Committee:

Yeong-Lin Lai, Chair Dept. of Mechatronics Engineering, National Changhua University of

Education, Taiwan

Jin-Jia Chen, Chair Dept. of Electrical Engineering, National Changhua University of

Education, Taiwan

Chi-Pan Hwang, Chair Dept. of Electronic Engineering, National Changhua University of

Education, Taiwan

Der-Rong Din, Chair Dept. of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National

Changhua University of Education, Taiwan

Der-Fa Chen, Chair Dept. of Industrial Education and Technology, National Changhua

University of Education, Taiwan

Yu-Wei Huang, Chair Graduate Institute of Vehicle Engineering, National Changhua

University of Education, Taiwan

Jenq-Shyong Chen Director of The Center for Academia-Industry Collaboration and

Intellectual Property Management, National Chung Hsing

University, Taiwan

Ming-Chyuan Lu Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University,

Taiwan

Shean-Juinn Chiou Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University,

Taiwan

Wing-Kwong Wong National Yunlin University of Science & Technology, Taiwan

Cheng-Fu Yang Dept. of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of

Kaohsiung, Taiwan

Cheng-Yi Chen Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Cheng Shiu University, Taiwan

Wen-Chung Chang Dept. of Electronic Engineering, Southern Taiwan University, Taiwan

Fuh-Shyang Juang Dept. of Electro-Optical Engineering & Graduate Institute of Electro-

Optical and Materials Science, National Formosa University,

Taiwan

Hsin-Min Hsieh Taiwan Invention Intellectual Property Association, Taiwan

Jian-Ji Huang, Chair Dept. of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Chung

Chou University of Science and Technology, Taiwan

(continued)

(continued)

viii 2012 First International Conference on Intelligent Technologies and Engineering Systems

Student Paper Competition Chair:

Jieh-Shian Young National Changhua University of Education, Taiwan

Finance Chair:

Chih-Hsiung Shen National Changhua University of Education, Taiwan

Finance Co-chair:

Shu-Jung Chen National Changhua University of Education, Taiwan

Der-Jiunn Deng National Changhua University of Education, Taiwan

Financial Sponsor Chair:

Kuan-Jung Chung National Changhua University of Education, Taiwan

Registration Chair:

Ren-Der Chen National Changhua University of Education, Taiwan

Poster Chair:

Ker-win Wang National Changhua University of Education, Taiwan

Publication Chair:

Yeong-Lin Lai National Changhua University of Education, Taiwan

Web Chair:

Po-Yueh Chen National Changhua University of Education, Taiwan

(continued)

2012 First International Conference on Intelligent Technologies and Engineering Systems ix

Contents

Part I Networking

1 Wireless Sphygmomanometer with Data Encryption . . . . . . . . . . . 3Hsien-Ju Ko and Kang-Ming Chang

2 Design and Implementation of Multimedia SocialServices on Elgg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Meng-Yen Hsieh, Yin-Te Tsai, Ching-Hsien Hsu,

Chao-Hung Hung, and Kuan-Ching Li

3 On Migration and Consolidation of VMs in HybridCPU-GPU Environments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Kuan-Ching Li, Keunsoo Kim, Won W. Ro,

Tien-Hsiung Weng, Che-Lun Hung, Chen-Hao Ku,

Albert Cohen, and Jean-Luc Gaudiot

4 A Case of Security Encryption Storage SystemBased on SAN Environments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Changyan Di, Kuan-Ching Li, Jason C. Hung, Qi Yu,

Rui Zhou, Chao-Hung Hung, and Qingguo Zhou

5 Applying General Probabilistic Neural Networkto Adaptive Measurement Fusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33Li-Wei Fong, Pi-Ching Lou, Kai-Yung Lin, and Chien-Liang Chuang

6 Reorder Adapting TCP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41Yi-Cheng Chan, Chien-Yu Chen, and Yu-Shuo Lee

7 A Novel and Feasible System for Rule Anomaly and BehaviorMismatching Diagnosis Among Firewalls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49Chi-Shih Chao

xi

8 A Secure Routing Protocol to Prevent CooperativeBlack Hole Attack in MANET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59Nai-Wei Lo and Fang-Ling Liu

9 IP Address Management in Virtualized CloudEnvironments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67Chen-Hao Ku, Kuan-Ching Li, Ching-Hsien Hsu, Kuan-Chou Lai,

Meng-Yen Hsieh, Tien-Hsiung Weng, and Hai Jiang

Part II Signal Processing

10 A Fuzzy C-Means Method for Determining Motor’sQuality Types Based on Current Waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77Yun-Chi Yeh, Yi Chu, Che Wun Chiou, and Hong-Jhih Lin

11 License Plate Recognition Based on Rough Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85Xin-Yan Cao and Chen-Ming Zhang

12 Electroencephalogram Lifting Recognition UsingUnsupervised Gray-Based Competitive Clustering Networks . . . . . 95Chi-Yuan Lin, Yi-Fang Chen, and Sheng-Chih Yang

13 Adapting Intensity Degradation to Enhance FisheyeImages Shot Inside Cup-Shaped Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105Chuang-Jan Chang, Chang-Min Cheng,

Tsung-Kai Chou, and Shu-Lin Hwang

14 A Method to Implementation of Lane DetectionUnder Android System Based on OpenCV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115Xiao-Xu Wei and Lei Meng

15 Automatic Broadcast Soccer Video Analysis, PlayerDetection, and Tracking Based on Color Histogram . . . . . . . . . . . 123Der-Jyh Duh, Shu-Yu Chang, Shu-Yuan Chen,

and Cheng-Chung Kan

16 Conversion of 3D Triangular-Meshed Modelto Dot Representation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131Chih-Hung Huang, Cheng Wen, and Kuang-Chiung Chang

17 Image Retrieval System Based on EMD SimilarityMeasure and S-Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139Thanh Manh Le and Thanh The Van

18 Tri-axis Accelerometer-Based Body MotionDetection System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147Kang-Ming Chang, Sih-Huei Chen, and Chun-Lung Huang

xii Contents

19 On Mapping the Sorted-Set Intersection Problemonto a Graphics Processing Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153Syun-Sheng Jhan, Liang-Tsung Huang, Lien-Fu Lai,

Kai-Cheng Wei, Tsung-Yu Wei, and Chao-Chin Wu

20 A Novel Double Dynamic Stress Accelerated DegradationTest to Evaluate Power Fade of Batteriesfor Electric Vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161Yu-Chang Lin, Kuan-Jung Chung, and Chueh-Chien Hsiao

21 The Development of Estimating Deviations Directlyfrom Point Clouds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169Cheng-Tiao Hsieh

22 Using Modified Digital Halftoning Technique to DesignInvisible 2D Barcode by Infrared Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179Hsi-Chun Wang, Ya-Wen Cheng, Wan-Chi Huang,

Chia-Long Chang, and Shih-Yun Lu

23 Color Visual Evoked Potential Responsefor Myopia Subjects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187Kang-Ming Chang, Chung-Yi Tsai, and Sih-Huei Chen

24 License Plate Recognition Under NonuniformIllumination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193Ren-Chao Shen and Day-Fann Shen

Part III Artificial Intelligence

25 A Cross-Coupled MIMO Fuel Cell System Designby Using Intelligent Fuzzy-Neural Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203Jium-Ming Lin and Cheng-Hung Lin

26 Development of Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluationand Approaching Degree Toolbox via Matlab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211Yaug-Fea Jeng, Ting-Hui Hsu, Kun-Li Wen, and Rui-Xiang Chen

27 Deploying Autonomous Coordinating Agent for AssessmentModel in Smart Urban Space: A Case Study of Cozy SpaceDesign Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219Chiung-Hui Chen

28 Quantum-Membership-Function-Based AdaptiveNeural Fuzzy Inference System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227Cheng-Hsiung Chiang

29 A Set-Checking Algorithm for Mining Maximal FrequentItemsets from Data Streams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235Ye-In Chang, Meng-Hsuan Tsai, Chia-En Li, and Pei-Ying Lin

Contents xiii

30 Parallel Matrix Transposition and Vector MultiplicationUsing OpenMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243Tien-Hsiung Weng, Delgerdalai Batjargal, Hoa Pham,

Meng-Yen Hsieh, and Kuan-Ching Li

31 Designing Parallel Sparse Matrix Transposition AlgorithmUsing CSR for GPUs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251Tien-Hsiung Weng, Hoa Pham, Hai Jiang, and Kuan-Ching Li

32 Analysis of USDA Food Classifications Using NeuralNetwork Classifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259Thomas Evans and Anthony Choi

33 Optimization Path Programming Using ImprovedMultigroup Ant Colony Algorithms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267Wen-Jong Chen, Li-Jhen Jheng, Yan-Ting Chen, and Der-Fa Chen

34 Conceptual Information Retrieval System Basedon Automatically Constructed Semantic Word Network . . . . . . . . 277Ko-Li Kan and Hsiang-Yuan Hsueh

35 An Intelligence-Based Approach to Optimal Power FlowControl Considering Flexible AC Transmission Systems . . . . . . . . 285Chao-Ming Huang, Yann-Chang Huang, and Shin-Ju Chen

36 Modern Heuristic Optimization Approaches for ElectricalPower System Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293Yann-Chang Huang, Chao-Ming Huang, and Chien-Yuan Liu

37 A New Product Design Process: Combining the SystemModel and VRTC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301Hsiao-wen Wu, Jin-Jen Wang, and Wen-Chih Wang

Part IV Control and Software Engineering

38 The Study of Permanent Magnetic Synchronous MotorControl System Through the Combination of BP NeuralNetwork and PID Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311Lin Zhang, Bao-Jie Xu, Kun-Li Wen, and Yuan-Hui Li

39 Power Compensation Methodology for ElectricVehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321Chien-An Chen and Ming-Chih Lin

40 Model-Based Robust Control for Nonlinear NetworkedControl Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329Cheng-Fa Cheng and Cheng-Han Yang

xiv Contents

41 Control Strategies Development for a Series HydraulicHybrid Vehicle Based on Engine Experimental Map . . . . . . . . . . . 337Chih-Keng Chen, Tri-Vien Vu, Chih-Wei Hung,

and Chuan-Sian Wang

42 Japanese Calligraphy Using Whole Body Motionof a Humanoid Robot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345Seiji Sugiyama, Ikuma Oshita, and Tsuneo Yoshikawa

43 Design and Experiment of the Auto-alignment ControlSystem for TPS Storage Ring Girder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357Meng-Hsiu Wu, Wei-Yang Lai, Tse-Chuan Tseng, Mei-Ling Chen,

Huai-San Wang, His-Chou Ho, Chia-Jui Lin, Hung-Ming Luo,

Shen-Yaw Perng, Pei-Lun Sung, Chang-Sheng Lin,

Hsueh-Cheng Lin, and June-Rong Chen

44 A Proposed System for Practicing IndustrialRobot Remotely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365Fu-Hua Jen and The Can Do

45 An Intelligent Sensorless Drive Strategy for a BrushlessDC Motor Based on Back-EMF Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373Seng-Chi Chen, Ying-Jyh Lin, Ming-Mao Hsu, and Yung-Nan Hu

46 Establishment of the Photovoltaic Simulation System UsingMixed Programming with LabVIEW and Simulink . . . . . . . . . . . . 383Ting-Chung Yu, Yih-Bin Lin, and Fu-Sheng Chang

47 Implementation of Fuzzy Force Controlfor an Electrohydraulic Servo Press System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395Hong-Ming Chen, Chun-Sheng Shen, and Guo-Wei Yang

48 Sizing Cloud Applications with ISO/IEC 19761:A Case Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403Wen-Ming Han and Wei-Tso Chen

49 Development of a Fuzzy-Control-Based Battery ChargingTechnique for Li-Ion Battery Module for LightElectrical Vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411Yi-Hsun Chiu, Chun-Liang Liu, Yi-Feng Luo,

Jung-Hsien Chen, and Yi-Hua Liu

50 Low-Cost and High-Speed Eye Tracker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421Chi-Wu Huang, Zong-Sian Jiang, Wei-Fan Kao, and Yen-Lin Huang

51 Using Hedge Algebra to Control Varied-ParameterObject . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429Trung Kien Ngo, Duy Tien Nguyen, Tuan Quoc Duong,

Huy Ngoc Vu, and Tan Duc Vu

Contents xv

52 Variable-Speed Wind Generator System with MaximumOutput Power Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437Yoko Amano

53 FPGA-Based Control for a Boost PFC Converterwith Improved Dynamic Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445Shin-Ju Chen, Sung-Pei Yang, Chao-Ming Huang,

and Ruei-Hong Wong

54 Robotic Manipulator Trajectory Tracking UsingDirect Collocation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453Cheng-cai Mei, Xiu-qiang Pan, Satya Prakash, Jyun-jye

Felipe Chen, and Xiu-long Wu

55 Objective Function Design in Real-Number-CodingGenetic Algorithm for Laser-Cutting Tool-PathMinimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461Wei-Kai Hu and Kerwin Wang

56 A Fuzzy Control Load Balancing Methodfor Dual CAN Bus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467Yu-Wei Huang and Chih-Hung Wu

57 Backup Host Plan for Banking Information System Basedon Capacity on Demand Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475Ming-Tsung Yeh, Wan-Chun Liu,

and Yi-Nung Chung

Part V Intelligent Electronic Circuits and Systems

58 A Design of LED Panel Lamp for Indoor Illumination . . . . . . . . . . 487Ming-Da Tsai, Jin-Jia Chen, and Kuang-Lung Huang

59 Analysis of Voltage Variations of a Large-ScaleOffshore Wind Farm Connected to Taipower Grid . . . . . . . . . . . . 495Li Wang, Chun-Jui Yeh, Min-Han Hsieh, Cheng-Tai Wu,

and Chieh-Lung Lu

60 Source-End Layouts on ESD/LU Reliabilities in an HV0.25 um 60 V nLDMOS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503Shen-Li Chen, Min-Hua Lee, Tzung-Shian Wu, Yi-Sheng Lai,

Chun-Ju Lin, and Hsun-Hsiang Chen

61 The Functional Catoptric LED Luminaire in T8Form Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513Chuang-Jan Chang, Yi-Hsuang Tseng, Chiang-Wei Huang,

Bor-Jen Wu, and Shu-Lin Hwang

xvi Contents

62 A Sigma–Delta ADC Design for Audio Applications . . . . . . . . . . . 527Chin-Fa Hsieh, Chun-Sheng Chen, and Kang-Ni Lin

63 Applications of ZigBee on Building a HomeAutomation System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535Shih-Ching Huang and Chin-Sung Hsiao

64 Design of a Smart Battery System for Laptop Computer . . . . . . . . 543Yu-Shan Cheng, Jing-Hsiau Chen, Yi-Feng Luo,

Chun-Wei Ko, and Yi-Hua Liu

65 A Novel Fuzzy Neural Network Controller for MaglevSystem with Controlled-PM Electromagnets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551Seng-Chi Chen, Ying-Jyh Lin, Van-Sum Nguyen, and Ming-Mao Hsu

66 CMOS Transimpedance Amplifiers for Optical WirelessCommunications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 563Roger Yubtzuan Chen and Zong-Yi Yang

67 Dependable Embedded Memory for Intelligent Systems . . . . . . . . 573Yen-Chieh Huang and Tsung-Chu Huang

68 Research and Development of Versatile AutonomousVehicles for Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581Chien-Yuan Liu, Chih-Feng Huang, and Yann-Chang Huang

69 New Ultrasonic Parking Sensor Systemin Automobiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 593Chih-Feng Huang and Chien-Yuan Liu

70 Using the Gate-Diffusion Input Technique for Low-PowerProgrammable Logic Array Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 601Shou-Hung Chiu and Kai-Cheng Wei

71 Using LC-3 Soft Core on an FPGA DevelopmentBoard for Microprocessor Labs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 609Yuan-Jhang Liao and Wing-Kwong Wong

72 Executing Linux-Based Software of ElectronicDesign Automation on Windows Platform of Microsoft . . . . . . . . . 617Hsin-Jung Wang and Zhi-Ming Lin

73 Design of a Transparent Pipeline Based on SynchronousElastic Circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 625Ren-Der Chen and Sheng-Hung Chang

74 The Wireless Electric Guitar with DigitallyIntegrated Effector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 633Chun-Tang Chao, Kuo-An Li, and Nopadon Maneetien

Contents xvii

75 Implementation and Study of Constant-FrequencyLLC Resonant Converter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 643Shi-Yi Lin, Shih-Kuen Changchien, Chien-Ming Hong,

and Yi-Nung Chung

Part VI Communications

76 Exercise Bracelet with Bluetooth Low EnergyModule and Accelerometer for Sporting Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 657Jung-Tang Huang, Wen-Chia Chao, and Chia-Hsiang Lee

77 Design and Implementation of an eBook AccessControl Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 667Hui-Wen Liao, Po-Hsien Wang, and Meng-Lieh Sheu

78 Novel T-Shaped Non-orthogonal Dual-Mode Band-Pass Filterswith Two Differently Structured Resonators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 675C.Y. Kung, C.F. Yang, Y.T. Hsieh, W.C. Chang,

C.G. Kuo, and C.C. Diao

79 A Novel Method to Simplify the Structure of Dual-BandBandpass Filters: Design the Resonators on CombinedSubstrates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 685Cheng-Yuan Kung, Yuan-Tai Hsieh, Chien-Chen Diao,

Chia-Ching Wu, and Cheng-Fu Yang

80 Constructing an Integrated Communication and OrientedProtocols into EV Preliminary Operation: A Case Studyof EV Surveillance Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 693Chan-Wei Hsu, Yu-Chi Shiue, Shun-Li Wang, Hou-Yu Huang,

and Cheng-Ruei Wei

81 The Design of Capacitive Coupling Bandpass FilterUsing Stepped Impedance Resonator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 701Chien-Hung Chen, Hua-Ming Chen, Chien-Chen Diao,

Wei-Kuo Chia, and Cheng-Fu Yang

Part VII Materials and Mechanical Engineering

82 A Novel Power-Effective and Reliable Wireless ThermalConvection Angular Accelerometer Without Any MovableParts and Grooved Cavity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 711Jium-Ming Lin and Cheng-Hung Lin

83 Parallel Operation of the Piezoelectric Energy HarvestUsing the Taguchi Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 719Po-Jen Cheng, Chin-Hsing Cheng, and Chuan-Wei Chen

xviii Contents

84 Effect of Anisotropy Parameters on the Initiation of PlasticYielding in Thin Hollow Disks Subject to ThermomechanicalLoading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 727Sergei Alexandrov, Elena Lyamina, and Yeau-Ren Jeng

85 Development of MEMS Gyroscope Module for RotatingMachine Performance Characterization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 735Guo-Hua Feng and Fu-Tun Chang

86 Design and Surface Roughness Analysis of Thin-SheetPlastic Injection Forming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 743Dyi-Cheng Chen, Jun-Yan Pan, Juan-Wei Gao, and Wen-Jong Chen

87 A Comparison of Correlation Technique and Random DecrementAlgorithm for Modal Identification from Nonstationary AmbientVibration Data Only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 755Chang-Sheng Lin, Tse-Chuan Tseng, June-Rong Chen,

and Dar-Yun Chiang

88 Effect of Annealing Temperature on the MechanicalProperties and the Spherical Indentation of NiTiShape Memory Alloy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 765Tsung-Han Tan, Mei-wen Wu, and Chun-Ying Lee

89 The Analysis of Engine Intake Air Cooling Deviceby Using Thermoelectric Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 773Wang Jia-Wei and Ming-Hsien Hsueh

90 Effects of Deposition Temperature and HydrogenPlasma on the Properties of the Radio-Frequency MagnetronSputtering Deposition of ZnO-Al2O3 Films . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 783Fang-Hsing Wang, Chia-Cheng Huang, Chien-Chen Diao,

Chia-Ching Wu, and Cheng-Fu Yang

91 The Influences of Post-annealing Temperature on the Propertiesof Sr0.6Ba0.4Nb2O6 Thin Films . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 793Chin-Guo Kuo, Chien-Chen Diao, Chien-Hung Chen,

Wen-Cheng Tzou, and Cheng-Fu Yang

92 Improving the Properties of Sol–Gel DepositionSrBi4Ti4O15 Thin Films by Post-annealing Process . . . . . . . . . . . . 803Wen-Cheng Tzou, Ping-Shou Cheng, Wen-Chung Chang,

Chien-Chen Diao, and Cheng-Fu Yang

93 Water Tank Simulation of a Continuous Hot-DipGalvanized Zinc Pot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 813Y.S. Lo, C.J. Fang, L.C. Tsao, and J.C. Leong

Contents xix

94 The Finite Element Analysis Study of the LaserLift-Off (LLO) of III-Nitride Compound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 821Yan-Hsin Wang and Wei-Li Chen

95 Combining Quality Function Deployment and TRIZto Solve the Drainer Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 829Chia-Pao Chang and Ying-Hsiang Lin

96 A Study on Improving Polishing Process Effectivenessfor Silicon Reclaim Wafer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 837Chia-Pao Chang, Wei-Ling Wang, and Yung-Ching Kuo

97 Detection of CO Concentration by Using SnO2 SPRApparatus and Common-Path Heterodyne Interferometer . . . . . 845Ke-Ming Chen, Chih-Hsiung Shen, and Jing-Heng Chen

98 Magnetic Field Correction Based on IntelligentShimming Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 853Jui-Che Huang and Ching-Shiang Hwang

99 Innovative Designs for Quartz Crystal Microbalance . . . . . . . . . . 861Chih-Chi Lai, Shu Jung Chen, and Chih-Hsiung Shen

100 Semi-active Control of Tunable Hybrid ShapeMemory Material for Vibration Attenuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 869Jinsiang Shaw and Jiun-Du Huang

101 Simultaneous Thickness Measurement and MaterialComposition Analysis Using X-Ray FluorescenceTechnique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 877Hsiao-Wen Wu and Xuan-Loc Nguyen

102 Integration Design and Installation of Girder Systemsin the Injection Section of Taiwan Photon Source . . . . . . . . . . . . 885Keng-Hao Hsu, Wei-Yang Lai, Yung-Hui Liu, Che-Kai Chan,

Chih-Sheng Yang, Chih-Sheng Chen, His-Cho Ho,

Pei-Lung Sung, Shen-Yaw Perng, Tse-Chuan Tseng,

Din-Goa Huang, and June-Rong Chen

103 FTIR Characterizations of the Gamma-Ray-IrradiatedSilica Nanoparticles/γ-APTES Nanocompositewith UV Annealing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 893Po-Yen Hsu, Jing-Jenn Lin, Bo-Wei Lai, You-Lin Wu,

Cheng-Fu Yang, and Shou-Sheu Lin

104 Improvement of Radiation-Induced Degradation in MOSFETby Using Glass Fiber/Epoxy/Silica Nanoparticles/γ-APTESComposite as Shielding Materials for High-Energy Radiation . . . 901Po-Yen Hsu, Shou-Sheu Lin, Cheng-Fu Yang, and Jing-Jenn Lin

xx Contents

105 An Invention of Pneumatically Powered and ChargedLED Flashlight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 907Kuo-Yi Li

106 The Invention in the Safety Protection Deviceof the Table Saw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 915Kuo-Yi Li

107 Applying the Principles of Lean Manufacturingto Optimize Conduit Installation Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 923Jun-Ing Ker and Yichuan Wang

108 Portable Measurement System for Static and DynamicCharacterization of MEMS Component . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 931Hsiao-Wen Wu, Liang-Chia Chen, Abraham Mario Tapilouw,

Xuan-Loc Nguyen, and Jin-Liang Chen

109 Effects of BaTi4O9 Concentration on Dielectric Constantsof the Polyetherimide/BaTi4O9 Composites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 941Wei-Kuo Chia, Chia-Ching Wu, Cheng-Fu Yang,

Chien-Chen Diao, and Chean-Cheng Su

110 Design the Bandwidth of Zero-Phase Filter of IterativeLearning Controller by Improved Particle SwarmOptimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 949Shu-Ting Li, Jen-Ai Chao, Yi-Hao Li, and Yi-Cheng Huang

111 Prognostic Diagnosis of Hollow Ball Screw Pretensionon Preload Loss Through Sensed Vibration Signals . . . . . . . . . . . 959Yi-Cheng Huang, Yu-Shi Chen, Shi-Lun Sun,

and Kuan-Heng Peng

112 Simulation and Experiment of Langevin-Type PiezoelectricUltrasonic Horn for Micro Tool Motion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 967Yi-Cheng Huang, Guan-Zhang Ding, Bo-Hsuan Chen,

and Yu-Jui Huang

113 A New Low-Temperature Fabrication Methodof Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 975Yeong-Lin Lai, Shin-Hong Chen, Jiong-Heng Lu,

Jia-Shan Ting, and Tsung-Yen Tsai

114 A Cell Culture System with Programmable PhysicalStimulation for Human Mesenchymal Stem CellDifferentiation and Promotion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 981Tzu-Yu Chuang, Yu-Sheng Chuang, Nancy Wang,

and Kerwin Wang

115 A Spray Method for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 987Yeong-Lin Lai and Yi-Hsien Huang

Contents xxi

116 An Intelligent Approach for High Material RemovalRate Machining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 993Jhy-Cherng Tsai and Shen-Jhy Wang

117 The Position and Correction System of Laser PSD . . . . . . . . . . . . 1001Hsueh-Cheng Lin, Mei-Ling Chen, June-Rong Chen,

His-Chou Ho, Keng-Hao Hsu, Din-Goa Huang,

Chien-Kuang Kuan, Wei-Yang Lai, Chang-Sheng Lin,

Chia-Jui Lin, Hung-Ming Luo, Shen-Yaw Perng, Pei-Lun Sung,

Tse-Chuan Tseng, Huai-San Wang, and Meng-Hsiu Wu

118 Study of Cutting Parameter Effect on Spindle Vibrationfor Tool Breakage Monitoring in Drilling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1009Yu-Wei Hsu and Ming-Chyuan Lu

119 An Investigation into Electrode Wear in Layer-CutEDM Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1017Pei-Lun Song, Yo-Ming Chang, and Yao-Yang Tsai

120 Precision Motion Control: Intelligent Mechanisms,Morphing Mechanisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1025R.W. Longman, M.S. Chew, and M.Q. Phan

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1035

xxii Contents

Part I

Networking

Wireless Sphygmomanometer with DataEncryption

Hsien-Ju Ko and Kang-Ming Chang

Abstract Awireless physiological signal measurement system has been developedin which physiological signals can be transferred to a host server via a personal

digital assistant (PDA) with wireless transmission using Bluetooth technology. The

subject’s personal information is also included with a radio frequency identification

(RFID) tag. Both DES and RSA algorithms have been used to encrypt all the

measured data and the key of DES algorithm to preserve the measured signal

data with high security. This system is especially useful in the care and nursing

environment, with efficient and high-accuracy security data transmission.

Keywords PDA • RFID • Bluetooth • Sphygmomanometer • Privacy • DES • RSA

1 Introduction

The increasing demands of health-care-based facilities are a major driving force of

telemedicine. Due to the increasing percentage of elderly persons and decreasing

percentage of newborn babies, telemedicine provides methods to take care of elders

with more powerful facilities requiring fewer health-care personnel. The limitation

of traditional bedside monitoring was wired facility, which also limited patient

mobility. However, remote medical monitoring, consulting, and health care were

increasingly developed with the advent of wireless technology [1]. Technology of

the wireless sensor network was widely applied in health care [2]. Dittmar described

four levels of telemedicine, from microsensor, wrist devices, and health smart

H.-J. Ko

Department of Photonics and Communication Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan

K.-M. Chang (*)Department of Photonics and Communication Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan

Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan

e-mail: changkm@asia.edu.tw

J. Juang and Y.-C. Huang (eds.), Intelligent Technologies and Engineering Systems,Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering 234, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-6747-2_1,# Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013

3

mailto:changkm@asia.edu.tw

clothes to health smart home [3]. Lin had integrated radiofrequency identification

(RFID), Global Positioning System (GPS), and geographic information system

(GIS) to construct a stray prevention system for elders with dementia [4]. Missing

elders can be identifiedwithmobile phone, PDA, notebook, personal computer (PC),

and various mobile devices through the service platform.

Telemedicine for wireless biosignal monitoring involves the following issues:

signal to be monitored, wireless transmission protocol, information transmission

and representation media, and security protocol for Internet transmission. The

biosignals to be monitored in this study were mainly vital sign signal, heart rate,

and blood pressure. Vital sign monitoring was an important issue in telemedicine

[5]. The wireless transmission protocol used in this study was based on Bluetooth

technology, one of the famous transmission protocols [6]. The main advantage of

Bluetooth is the low power consumption, high compatibility, and acceptable price.

The other advantage of Bluetooth is its wide distribution in the commercial

notebook or PDA. It is therefore more convenient for users to set up the required

telemedicine function with handed facilities. Although there was only 10–100 m

transmission range, it was acceptable and suitable for biosignal monitoring either in

home care or in the hospital setting.

Themedium employed for information transmission and representationwas PDA,

which was widely used [7], for example, for stroke patient monitoring [8]. Security is

another important issue with telemedicine. Recently, privacy-preserving issues on

wireless sensor networks and databases of telemedicine have become an attractive

research area [9]. In this study, a joint security protocol, bymixingRSA [10] andDES

[11], was employed for the coding and decoding of vital sign signal transmitted

through Bluetooth. The motivation to develop such a protocol is in achieving

higher computational speed and higher security of DES and RSA simultaneously.

The aim of this studywas to propose a vital signalmonitoring system transmittedwith

Bluetooth embedded with PDA. Patient identification was also identified with RFID.

Data transmission to the host server through the Internet was achieved with a security

algorithm. The overall system was also implemented and examined.

2 Schematic Formulation of the System

Conventional sphygmomanometers in the hospitals are often of large size, are

highly priced, and lack better operational efficiency. Recently, some improved

sphygmomanometers that are smaller in size and easier to carry have been found

in the retail markets. However, these kinds of devices are still without digital output

ports for physiological data transmission, and therefore the measured data still rely

on artificial processing such as handwrite, key-in, and related actions. Hence, this

may reduce the efficiency of care for patients and the patients’ privacy may not be

preserved. Figure 1 demonstrates the main structure of the proposed system. Based

on the system, the physiological data such as blood pressure of the people cared for

can be transmitted wirelessly via Bluetooth. Sequentially, the PDA is designed as a

4 H.-J. Ko and K.-M. Chang

receiver that can receive data automatically with user-friendly interfaces. The

received data will be inputted in the workstation at a nursing station via wired/

wireless transmission with data encryption. Finally, the authorized data analyzer

can decrypt the data from the health-care center or database.

2.1 Transmission

Bluetooth is a short-distance wireless transmission technology, with lower power

consumption, tiny volume, and light weight. In addition, it uses a frequency-hopping

technique to enhance the reliability and security of communications. In this article,

the collected data were transferred by a Bluetooth transmitter bundled in the

sphygmomanometer and received by a PDA with a specific program of receiving

data. This program follows the communication protocol of sphygmomanometers.

The advantages of using such a model are characterized as follows: A PDA with

Bluetooth transmission module is of smaller volume, lighter weight, and lower

power consumption than laptops. A general-purpose PDA is of a lower price than

a special-purpose one. In contrast to usage in a special-purpose PDA, programmers

may have higher degrees of freedom to use/design related functions.

2.2 RFID

For increasing efficiency and decreasing errors in data input of, for example,

patients’ ID/nurses’ ID, we adopt RFID/infrared dual-mode reader (Socketscan)

for the PDA to read information from the passive RFID tags attached to patients and

Cared People

Blu

etoo

th

Healthcare Center/Database

Nursing StationDoctors/Nurses

Encrypted Data

Internet

Fig. 1 The scenario of a wireless sphygmomanometer with data encryption

Wireless Sphygmomanometer with Data Encryption 5

care providers. These tags, which contain invisible information, are used to identify

patients and care providers. Before receiving the physiological data, care providers

will use the reader installed on the PDA to read both the tags attached to patients

and care providers rather than directly input data using the touch panel of the PDA.

The visible information about the IDs on the PDA is made up of just numbers or

serial codes. The further process of information mapping will be done in the

databases. This will improve the privacy protection for the cared patients. When

the care providers complete the IDs input, they may start receiving the measured

signals of blood pressures and heart beats of the patients from the sphygmo-

manometers. The care providers need only hit the “Receive Data” button on the

touch panel of the PDA shown on the left side of Fig. 2. If the received data is

properly displayed on the screen, the care provider may hit the “File” and “Save”

buttons for saving data off-line, or may hit the “Send” button to directly transfer

encrypted data to the remote servers. In practical usage experiences in hospitals,

RFID tags are sometimes not the best solutions for person identification. The main

reasons are the following: (1) Tags are more expensive than using barcodes; (2) the

comfortableness of wearing a tag may concern the people; and (3) in practical

usage, the antennas inside the tags are often broken after wearing for some days.

To overcome these drawbacks, we adopt a RFID/infrared dual-mode reader to read

RFID tags or barcodes for person identification.

3 The Encryption System of the Physiological Data

In this section, the authors propose a joint algorithm by using DES and RSA to

perform data encryption. This algorithm is a compromise between the capability of

computations of the PDA and the data security. In our designed scenario,

Fig. 2 The users’interface for wireless

sphygmomanometers

in a PDA

6 H.-J. Ko and K.-M. Chang

we suppose that the care providers may acquire the physiological data to the PDA

frommany patients at one time after they visit all the wards. Furthermore, due to the

limitation of the computational capability of a PDA, we will use a DES algorithm to

encrypt the acquired physiological data. However, DES is a symmetric-key algo-

rithm, that is, the users have to use the same secret key during encryption and

decryption processes. Thus, in this chapter, for the strength of data security, the

secret key of DES will be encrypted by an RSA algorithm. Let patient_data be

the data that include patients’ ID, date, and physiological data, and Kdes be denoted

as the secret key of the DES algorithm. Thus, one can obtain the encrypted data

ENPdes by using DES encryption algorithm Edes:

Edes ¼ Edes patient data;Kesð Þ (1)

For the safety of transmitting data over a public channel, the secret key of DES

should be encrypted by a public-key algorithm. Thus, an RSA algorithm is consid-

ered in this study. Let us define Eras and Krsa as the RSA encryption algorithm and

the public key of the authorized organizations or care providers, respectively.

Hence, one can obtain the encrypted secret key of DES ENPrsa as follows:

ENPrsa ¼ ENPrsa Kdes;Kpubð Þ (2)

When the authorized organizations or care providers receive the encrypted data

from the public channel, they may recover the plain text by the following

procedures. For recovering the secret key of DES, we shall use RSA decryption

algorithm Drsa to decrypt ENPrsa by using the private key Kprv, which is only

possessed by the authorized people. It can be described by the following equation:

Kdes ¼ Drsa Kprv;ENPrsað Þ (3)

In addition, once the secret key Kdes is recovered, one can further use the DES

algorithm yet again to decrypt ENPdes to obtain the plain text patient_data for

further processing. This is characterized by the following equation:

patient data ¼ Ddes Kdes;ENPdesð Þ (4)

4 Results and Conclusion

For comparison with the conventional care mechanism, we adopt three approaches

for measuring the blood pressure of the patients. The first is by using a laptop

computer carried by a wagon. The second is by using a PDA by hand-take or putting

it in the packet of a nurse. Both PDA and laptop receive data wirelessly from the

Bluetooth sphygmomanometer. The third method is by using conventional

Wireless Sphygmomanometer with Data Encryption 7

handwrite recording. The results are listed in Table 1. From Table 1, we have some

observations and explanations as follows: The efficiency of using a PDA or a laptop

computer is much better than that of the handwrite. The correctness of the measured

data transferred to a PDA or a laptop computer depends on the accuracy of reading

the tag or bar code, operating the sphygmomanometer, and finally, transferring the

data to the terminal devices (i.e., PDAs or computers). Thus, the correctness may be

affected by one of these processes. In this experiment, all the errors occurred during

the sphygmomanometer operations.

In summary, there are two major contributions in this article. The first is the

implementation of the PDA program, which can receive physiological data wire-

lessly from a small-volume, light-weight, and Bluetooth-embedded sphygmoma-

nometer. The second is that the security and privacy of the patients’ personal

information as well as confidential physiological data transmitting over a public

channel can be ensured by using a joint algorithm of DES and RSA. By combining

RFID and Bluetooth technologies, such a system may help care providers to avoid

some artificial mistakes. Furthermore, it will increase the efficiency of caring for

patients whether in the home or in the hospital. Further research about this topic

may focus on IPv6 technology and improving the strength or efficiency of data

encryption/decryption.

Acknowledgments This work has been partly supported by the National Science Council ofTaiwan (grant number NSC 100-2221-E-468-00) and Asia University, Taiwan (grant number

asia100-cmu-1).

References

1. Tachakra S, Wang XH, Istepanian RS, Song YH (2003) Mobile e-health: the unwired

evolution of telemedicine. Telemed J E Health 9(3):247–257

2. Alshehab A, Kobayashi N, Ruiz J, Kikuchi R, Shimamoto S, Ishibashi H (2008) A study

on intrabody communication for personal healthcare monitoring system. Telemed J E Health

14(8):851–857

3. Dittmar A, Axisa F, Delhomme G, Gehin C (2004) New concepts and technologies in home

care and ambulatory monitoring. Stud Health Technol Inform 108:9–35

4. Lin CC, Chiu MJ, Hsiao CC, Lee RG, Tsai YS (2006) Wireless health care service system for

elderly with dementia. IEEE Trans Inf Technol Biomed 10(4):696–704

Table 1 Efficiency evaluation of three data input interfaces by PDA, by laptop computer, and byhandwriting. The experiment was approved by the Institutional Review Board, China Medical

University Hospital in Taiwan

PDA Laptop Handwriting

RFID Barcode RFID Handwriting

Efficiency of data input (sec/person) 53.27 54.04 59.05 85.28

Correctness (total 50 measures) 96 % 98 % 98 % NA.

8 H.-J. Ko and K.-M. Chang