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Team 5. System Requirements Review. Robert Aungst Chris Chown Matthew Gray Adrian Mazzarella. Brian Boyer Nick Gohn Charley Hancock Matt Schmitt. Contents. Problem Definition Product Overview Business Case Competition Customer Attributes Design Requirements. Problem Definition. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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System Requirements Review - AAE 451 - Team 5
February 20, 2007
Slide 1
System Requirements Review
Robert AungstChris ChownMatthew GrayAdrian Mazzarella
Brian BoyerNick GohnCharley HancockMatt Schmitt
Team 5
System Requirements Review - AAE 451 - Team 5
February 20, 2007
Slide 2
Contents
• Problem Definition• Product Overview• Business Case• Competition• Customer Attributes• Design Requirements
System Requirements Review - AAE 451 - Team 5
February 20, 2007
Slide 3
Problem Definition
• Develop an Unmanned Aerial System to maintain an “area of coverage” for some desired capability
• Study potential customers and develop business case, concept of operations, and system requirements
• Conduct trade studies to generate design requirements
System Requirements Review - AAE 451 - Team 5
February 20, 2007
Slide 4
Concept of Operations
• Continuous area coverage of metropolitan areas and beaches for advertising purposes
• Instead of one constant message, such as in banner towing, multiple advertisements will be presented
• Large LED screens will display advertising in a preset rotation
• Business will be developed around this new technology
• Seven UAVs based at one South Florida airport, serving 3 high population areas
System Requirements Review - AAE 451 - Team 5
February 20, 2007
Slide 5
• Typical Mission1. UAV fueled and advertisements loaded2. Takeoff, then cruise to target area (<175 nm)3. Loiter 6 hours while displaying advertising (~50 kts)4. Cruise back to base and land
• Continuous area coverage of 18 hrs (6am to 12am)
– 3 missions with 6 hour loiter per city– 3 cities total; 9 missions per day– Current plane Requirement: 7
Concept of Operations (continued)
System Requirements Review - AAE 451 - Team 5
February 20, 2007
Slide 6
Payload Definition
• Two High Intensity LED Screens– 7.42 ft X 45 ft
• ½ Billboard size• Viewable up to 1500 ft
– 1000 lbs installed (each)• Screen Weight: 3lbs/sq.ft.
– Off the shelf product• $180,000 cost
– Power consumption• 19.5 kw / 26 hp
– Daytime viewable• Brightness: 6500 cd/m²
– Dynamic display• 60 fps video/text
– Weatherproof
System Requirements Review - AAE 451 - Team 5
February 20, 2007
Slide 7
Current Markets
• Outdoor Advertising is currently billboard dominated
• Aerial Advertisement is a subset of the 17% Alternative Outdoor Category
• In 2005, an estimated $183 billion was spent on advertising– Outdoor Advertisement
generated $6.3 of this $183 billion
• According to the Outdoor Advertising Association of America (OAAA), outdoor advertising is the fastest growing medium after the internet
System Requirements Review - AAE 451 - Team 5
February 20, 2007
Slide 8
Current Markets
• Manned Aerial Advertising Markets
– NASCAR: 130,000 – 200,000 people
– Major League Baseball: 20,000 – 70,000 people
– Concerts: 20,000 – 100,000 people
– Professional / College Football: 50,000 – 150,000
people
– Professional Soccer: 20,000 – 100,000 people
– Beaches: 15,000 – 1,500,000 people
System Requirements Review - AAE 451 - Team 5
February 20, 2007
Slide 9
Retention of Aerial Advertising
• Little Studio Design and Research– Conducted 750 interviews on four
South Florida beaches– Findings:
System Requirements Review - AAE 451 - Team 5
February 20, 2007
Slide 10
Advantages Over Current Aerial Advertising Methods
• Full Motion Advertising– Maintains captive audience
• More Exposures• Dynamic Messages
– Supports multiple customers– Market-driven advertising– Redefines business model
System Requirements Review - AAE 451 - Team 5
February 20, 2007
Slide 11
Current Markets
• Targeting Options– Geographic– Demographic– Event
• Company Contracts– Firms decide where
they wish to be advertised
– This usually occurs at high-volume events
2005 Top Ten OutdoorAdvertising Brands
1. McDonalds Restaurant 2. Cingular Wireless Service 3. Verizon Long Distance
Business & Residential 4. General Motors Corp Auto
& Truck 5. Anheuser-Busch Beers 6. Nextel Wireless Services 7. Warner Bros Movies 8. Coca-Cola Soft Drinks 9. Verizon Wireless Service 10. Miller Beers
Source: OAAA
System Requirements Review - AAE 451 - Team 5
February 20, 2007
Slide 12
Potential Markets
• Preliminary home base will be a general aviation airport in Central Florida– Sebring Regional– Naples Municipal– Lakeland Linder Regional
• These airports provide convenient access to numerous potential target areas– Miami– Orlando– Tampa– Key West– Ft. Lauderdale– West Palm Beach
• Year-round capability
System Requirements Review - AAE 451 - Team 5
February 20, 2007
Slide 13
Potential Markets
• Domestic Expansion Possibilities– Southern California– Jersey Shore/ Long
Island– Chicago/ Lake Michigan– Las Vegas
• International Expansion Possibilities– Mediterranean Europe– Coastal Australia– Mexico/ Carribbean
• Five Year Outlook– New bases will be
opened in areas with the greatest economic potential
– These areas will be capable of reaching multiple target segments
– Desired markets will have high exposure rates combined with low transportation costs
System Requirements Review - AAE 451 - Team 5
February 20, 2007
Slide 14
Business Costs and Revenue
• Startup costs:– Aircraft Components: $10,000,000 /
plane– Tooling for construction: $10,000,000– Payroll during construction: $1,200,000– Advertising: $2,100,000– Hangar Costs: $405,000
• Operating Costs (per year):– Fuel: $3,100,000– Payroll: $1,200,000– Advertising: $720,000– Maintenance: $1,400,000– Hangar Costs: $405,000
• Revenue:– $1500 / hr– 3 cities / 18 hrs a day– Yearly: $22,400,000
Yearly Income: $15,000,000
Years to Break Even: 5
System Requirements Review - AAE 451 - Team 5
February 20, 2007
Slide 15
Aerial Advertising Alternatives
• Cessna 182– Loaded Weight: 3,110 lb– Cruise Speed: 145 kts– Stall Speed: 49 kts– Range: 930 nm
• Stinson 108– Loaded Weight: 2,400 lb– Cruise Speed: 111 kts– Stall Speed: 65 kts– Range: 434 nm
• American Blimp Corp. A-170– Payload: 4650 lb– Cruise Speed: 14 kts– Stall Speed: N/A– Range: 504 nm
Source: Airliners.net
System Requirements Review - AAE 451 - Team 5
February 20, 2007
Slide 16
Similar UAVs
• Northrop Grumman Global Hawk– Length: 44 ft– Loaded Weight: 22,900 lb– Cruise Speed: 350 kts– Endurance: 34 hrs
• General Atomics Predator A– Length: 28 ft– Loaded Weight: 2,250 lb– Cruise Speed: 70 kts– Endurance: 24 hrs
• General Atomics Predator B– Length: 36 ft– Loaded Weight: 10,000 lb– Cruise Speed: 220 kts– Endurance: 14 hrs
Source: Airliners.net
System Requirements Review - AAE 451 - Team 5
February 20, 2007
Slide 17
QFD: House of Quality
Impo
rtan
ce
Loite
r T
ime
L/D
Siz
e of
LE
D S
cree
n
Cru
ise
Vel
ocity
Loite
r V
eloc
ity
Spe
cific
Fue
l Con
sum
ptio
n (A
ssum
ing
Fue
l)
Cru
ise
Ran
ge
Thr
ust-
to-W
eigh
t Rat
io
Stif
fnes
s-T
o-W
eigh
t Rat
io
Tur
n R
adiu
s
Rat
e of
Clim
b
Tak
eOff
Dis
tanc
e
Tak
eoff
Wei
ght
Flight Endurance 4 9 9 9 9 9 9 6 3 9 0 6 3 9
Takeoff/Landing Distance 9 1 9 9 0 0 3 1 9 9 0 3 9 9
Low "Fuel" Consumption 3 9 9 9 9 9 9 6 9 9 1 6 1 9
Autonomous Flight 1 0 0 0 3 6 0 0 0 0 9 1 0 0
Climb Performance 10 1 9 9 0 0 3 1 9 6 1 9 3 9
Ground Control 6 1 0 0 6 6 3 3 3 0 9 3 3 0
Display Dynamicism 5 0 0 9 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Easy to adjust text for different altitudes 12 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 1
Ability to adjust loiter speed to read text 16 6 0 3 0 9 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
"Stability" 7 1 0 3 6 6 0 1 1 6 3 3 6 9
Noise 8 1 1 1 3 6 9 0 6 0 0 3 9 6
Visibility of messages in all conditions 2 0 0 9 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Low Pollution 13 6 3 1 9 9 9 3 6 1 1 3 3 6
Maintainability 11 3 0 6 0 0 3 3 3 9 0 0 0 6
"WOW " effect 15 1 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Manufacturability 14 3 0 9 0 0 3 3 3 9 0 0 0 6
367 281 750 285 489 498 200 436 484 110 334 297 653
0.066 0.051 0.135 0.051 0.088 0.090 0.036 0.078 0.087 0.020 0.060 0.053 0.1178 12 1 11 4 3 13 6 5 14 9 10 2
8.0 22.0 360.0 135.0 45.0 0.5 400 0.5 100.0 2500.0 3000.0 7000.06.0 17.0 180.0 120.0 60.0 0.8 350 0.3 150.0 1500.0 5000.0 10000.0
hrs. sq. ft. knots knots 1/hr nm ft. FPM ft. lbs.S/L Std.
TargetsThresholds
HOW
Importance (Absolute)
Importance (Relative)Rank of Absolute Importance
WH
AT
S
Per
form
ance
Ada
ptab
ility
Env
ironm
ent
System Requirements Review - AAE 451 - Team 5
February 20, 2007
Slide 18
Target Design Requirements
• Loiter Velocity:• Cruise Velocity:• Clean L/D:• Specific Fuel
Consumption:• Cruise Range:• Loiter Time:• Size of Screen:
55 kts135 kts22
0.5 / hr400 nm8 hr8’ x 45’
System Requirements Review - AAE 451 - Team 5
February 20, 2007
Slide 19
Database of Existing UAVs
.0465330 .0605546 .0542898 .19196890 max1.661224e
payo
WW W E V
W
• Sample Database of Existing UAVs:
• From database of existing UAVs, we created a least squares data fit to find an estimated empty weight fraction:
UAV NameWo [lb]
(Gross Takeoff Weight)We [lb]
(Empty Weight)We/Wo
(Weight Fraction)Wpay [lb]
(Payload Weight) Endurance [hr] Vmax [kts] Engine Type
Vindicator 1,199.00 589.60 0.4917 198.00 20.00 150.00 pistonSkyeye R4E UAV 1,249.60 737.00 0.5898 268.40 12.00 110.00 pistonI-GNAT 1,546.60 897.60 0.5804 200.20 52.00 140.00 t-charged pistonHunter RQ-5A 1,620.00 999.00 0.6167 200.00 11.60 106.00 pistonHelios 1,650.00 1,322.00 0.8012 200.00 24.00 23.46 electricHunter MQ-5B 1,800.00 1,320.00 0.7333 200.00 18.00 106.00 piston (heavy fuel)Altus 2,145.00 870.00 0.4056 150.00 24.00 99.87 t-charged pistonPredator 2,350.00 1,197.46 0.5096 448.80 40.00 117.23 t-charged pistonSkyWatcher 2,900.00 1,900.00 0.6552 490.00 15.00 150.00SkyRaider 4,000.00 1,800.00 0.4500 665.00 25.00 175.00Predator B 6,500.00 2,800.00 0.4308 750.00 24.00 230.00 turbopropRQ-3 DarkStar 8,600.00 4,360.00 0.5070 1,000.00 12.00 299.48Proteus 12,500.00 5,900.00 0.4720 7,260.00 18.00 280.00 turbofanGlobal Hawk (Tier II Plus) 25,600.00 9,200.00 0.3594 2,000.00 42.00 343.00 turbofan
System Requirements Review - AAE 451 - Team 5
February 20, 2007
Slide 20
Historical Empty Weight Fraction vs. Gross Weight
Empty Weight Fraction vs. Gross Takeoff Weight (lbs)
R2 = 0.3902
0.0000
0.1000
0.2000
0.3000
0.4000
0.5000
0.6000
0.7000
0.8000
0.9000
0.00 5,000.00 10,000.00 15,000.00 20,000.00 25,000.00 30,000.00
Gross Takeoff Weight (lbs)
Em
pty
Wei
gh
t F
ract
ion
Database Data
Linear Fit Model
Power (Database Data)
System Requirements Review - AAE 451 - Team 5
February 20, 2007
Slide 21
Historical Empty Weight Fraction vs. Payload Weight
Empty Weight Fraction vs. Payload Weight (lbs)
R2 = 0.2341
0.0000
0.1000
0.2000
0.3000
0.4000
0.5000
0.6000
0.7000
0.8000
0.9000
0.00 1,000.00 2,000.00 3,000.00 4,000.00 5,000.00 6,000.00 7,000.00 8,000.00
Payload Weight (lbs)
Em
pty
We
igh
t F
rac
tio
n
Datebase Data
Liner Fit
Power (Datebase Data)
System Requirements Review - AAE 451 - Team 5
February 20, 2007
Slide 22
Gas Turbine vs. Gas Propeller vs. Electric Propeller
7000 lbs15000 lbs
7000 lbs
• Studies estimate a GTOW of 7,000 lb, very near threshold value
• Asymptote in electric propulsion trade study shows infeasibility
System Requirements Review - AAE 451 - Team 5
February 20, 2007
Slide 23
Questions?
Thank you for your time!
Comments and Questions?