System on Chip Lecture 3

Small cell concept in mobile communication networks

• Base stations

• Small Cell intro

• Freescale Small-Cell SoC Portfolio

• BSC913x product overview

• LTE L1 Software Architecture

• Demo information

• Summary

3TM

• “small cells” as a solution to help operators optimize their network architecture and face the rapidly growing demand for coverage and capacity: • In 2012 there were close to 5.3 billion mobile subscribers texting, talking and downloading. • In 2015, mobile subscriptions are expected to reach 6.4 billion and mobile data will exceed 30 times that of current levels.• Reducing distance between the user and the base station and reducing the number of instantaneous users -> improve the signal quality and allow a higher data rate.

Motivation

• “femto,” “pico”, “micro” and “macrocell” • standardized as “home base station,” “local area base station,” “medium range base station” and “wide area base station” •“metrocell” = high capacity, compact equipment deployed in urban areas. • Depending on the deployment scenario, metrocell equipment can be a picocell or microcell.

Cell types

• low-power wireless access points • operate in licensed spectrum • are operator-managed. • provide improved cellular coverage and capacity. • mainly used in a home or a small office environment. • facilitate a new breed of mobile service that exploits the technology’s ability to detect presence and connect and interact with alternative networks.

Femtocells base stations

•offloads wireless connections from the surrounding macrocell base station, • use the broadband Internet connection to communicate to the network operators’ core network. • The implementation of consumer femtocells along with macrocellscreates a heterogeneous network. • can operate in multiple bands and protocols such as 3G WCDMA and 4G LTE.

Femtocells base stations

Femtocell block diagram

•are low-power wireless access points •operate in licensed spectrum and are operator-managed. •provide improved cellular coverage and capacity tailored for the enterprise environment•offloads wireless connections from the surrounding macrocell base stations. •Compared to consumer picocells, enterprise picocells can handle higher user count and a wider coverage radius. • Enterprise picocells can operate in multiple bands and protocols such as 3G WCDMA and 4G LTE.

Enterprise picocells base stations

Enterprise picocells base stations

•help to fill coverage gaps macrocells or metrocells cannot reach. • may be deployed with very small form factors that can be mounted on utility poles or even stand mounted on utility cables. • have low-impact deployment options and lower price points. • can be used to provide service for areas currently without coverage or for areas with very limited data rates.

Outdoor picocells base stations

Outdoor picocells base stations

• play a key role in providing higher data rates to LTE users in dense urban environments. •can be placed much closer to end users due to their smaller form factor, compared to macrocells. • enable lowering operators’ operating costs and enhance end user experience. •provide service to 100–256 active users and exist in either single-cell or dual-cell configurations.

Metrocell base stations

Metrocell base stations

• What is SmallCell?

– Wireless access points that operate in licensed spectrum (operator-managed)

– Provide improved cellular coverage, capacity and applications

• Why small Cells?

– Consumer demand for data services is growing unabated, with penetration of smartphones exceeding 40% in many countries and over 300 million being shipped annually. A large ecosystem of application vendors has emerged, reliant on “always on”, high speed, low-latency wireless connectivity.

– The volume of data is continuing to grow rapidly: Cisco predicts that the volume of wireless data will exceed that of wired data by 2015

– Solution - spectrum re-use

Source:www.smallcellforum.org

15TM

• For a given area the throughput is

N(number of cells in the

region)xCap(cell capacity).

16TM

• If smaller cells with same

capacity are used the

overall capacity in the

area increases

• In this example we

introduced Frequency

reuse to central cell

• Overall capacity at this

cell increased by a factor

of 4

17TM

Source:wvvw.smallcellforum.org

Network Model According To SmallCell Forum

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• Cost, physical size and range are the three dominant factors that define a small cell.

• LTE is expected to be the biggest driver for small cells.

• Most important reasons for deploying small cells are

1. Increase capacity (urban)

2. Increase coverage (rural)

3. Cover high-traffic public areas (urban+)

Femto cells deployments history

92 million small cells by 2016

19TM

45 nm 28 nm 28 nm

• 32-100 users

(LTE (FDD, TDD), WCDMA) & multimode

• 2x4 MiMO

• 2x e500 and 2x SC3850;

MAPLE-B2P acceleration

• 8-16 users

(LTE (FDD, TDD), WCDMA, CDMAx) & multimode

• 2x2 MiMO

• 1x e500 and 1x SC3850; MAPLE-B2F acceleration

• Thousands of users

• Supports multiple standards

• Based on common architecture:

QorIQ Qonverge platform

Pico SoC BSC9312

Femto SoC PSC9131

Macro SoC B4860

20TM

Commercial LTE L1 Software

Complete LTE Femto/Pico

SolutionTested Integration

Reference Board Design

BSC913x SoC Partner L2 / L3 Stack

21TM

Single Chip Femto Basestation• SMB Femtocell up to 16 users – BSC9131

• Multimode

Multi Standard Architecture• Standards support: LTE (Rel. 9), WCDMA (Rel. 99/7/8)

• LTE – 20 MHz single sector -100 Mbps / DL 50 Mbps UL

• HSPA+ - 5 MHz single sector 42 Mbps / DL 11 Mbps UL

• Processing Layers: PHY-MAC-RLC-PDCP-NTP

• Enabled with 2x2 MiMO

• 2G/3G Sniffing and GPS Support

SoC Architecture• PowerTM e500 Core subsystem (800 MHz – 1 GHz)

• Starcore SC3850 Core subsystem (800 MHz – 1 GHz)

• MAPLE-B2F Baseband Accelerators Platform

• eTVPE – Turbo/Viterbi Decoder

• DEPE – Turbo Encoder w/ rate match

• CRCPE – CRC check & insertion

• FTPE – FFT/DFT

• PDPE, PUPE

• UMTS Chiprate

• Security engine - IPSec, Kasumi, Snow-3G

• Secured boot

• Single DDR3 Controller 32b 800MHz

• IEEE1588 v2, NTP

• USB 2.0

• 2x Ethernet RGMII and IEEE1588v2

• 3x JESD207/ADI/MAXPHY RF transceiver interfaces

Multicore Fabric

MAPLE-B2F

Baseband

Accelerators

LTE/UMTS/CDMA2K

DMA Security

Engine

v4.4

Power™

e500 Core

32 KBD-Cache

32 KBI-Cache

512 KBBackside

L2 Cache

JE

SD

207/A

DI/

MA

XP

HY

US

B2

.0

32-bit

DDR-3

800MHz 256 KB L2 cache

Ethernet

1GE 1GE IEEE 1588

22TM

Starcore

SC3850 DSP Core

32 KBD-Cache

32 KBI-Cache

SPI

I2C

DUART

Clocks/Reset

GPIO

• For Pico\Femto devices (PSC9131\2) Freescale provides “turn-

key” Certified solution for the LTE TDD\FDD eNB

24TM

– Higher layers (L2\L3) are implemented by third party partners.

– End-to-end in-house L1 stack implementation

– WCDMA and LTE NMM cell search supporting SON standard

• Various customers are in implementation and integration

stages with Freescale’s Small Cell products

• L1/L2 Wireshark Trace

32TM

– All FAPI events are sent to a host and can be analyzed using the

Wireshark tool

– Same information is logged in DDR memory for post mortem debug

• Offline analysis of DDR trace

– Logs of all real time events

– Uses CodeWarrior tools to read from memory

– Primarily used in lab environment

• Debug Print Agent: Runtime trace on debug host

– Extracts and displays the trace information on the host while target

is running in real time.

• 3GPP Release 8 standard compliancy

• Band support

5 / 10 / 15 / 20 MHz support

Support for band 1,7,13. Can easily be extended to other bands without L1 changes

• Downlink 2x2 MIMO Support

• Localized and Distributed PDSCH, Localized PUSCH

• Downlink Control Channel Support (PDCCH, PHICH, PFICH, BCH,SSH)

• All PUCCH Formats (1/1a/1b/2/2a/2b)

• Sounding channel support

• Handover and Measurements Support

• Closed Loop Power Control (PUCCH, PUSCH)

• FAPI Compliant (Partial and Full Reconfiguration)

• Cell Search support for LTE

• Interoperability with Test and Commercial UEs (PanTech, FFA, Signalion, AeroFlex)

33TM

Freescale LTE Femtocell overview

UEeNB

LTE UE 1Laptop with

commercial

net stick

BSP Linux PCLoad code, setup RF

Core Network

Ethernet

BSC9132

LTE EPCCore network simulator

Band 7

RF cardHW

Acceleration

LTE UE 0Laptop with

commercial

net stick

34TM

CW PCCodeWarrior for L1

SC3850

LTE

L1

e500v2

LTE

L2/L3

Summary

• The BSC913x provides an architecture for a scalable and

efficient implementation of the eNode-B functionality on a single

chip

• Along with the SoC, Freescale offers a commercial LTE L1

software that is designed to make best use of the available

hardware functionality

• The L1 functionality can be treated as a black box controlled

through an API that follows the Femto API recommendations

• Freescale has integrated the L1 with L2/L3 stacks from 3rd party

partners to enable end-to-end system testing

END