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Syracuse University Carrier DomeRainwater Harvesting“From Dome Foam to Reality!”Presented By: Bruce W. Wanlass, PE, LEED AP
11th Annual CNYEngineering Expo 2014
What’s Being Covered
• What is rainwater harvesting?• Why harvest rainwater in Onondaga County?• Some history• Review of Code requirements• A couple other rainwater projects
• SU Carrier Dome Rainwater Harvesting
Things to Look For…
1. What is a good source for rainfall data?2. Describe two types of rainwater harvesting storage and
treatment systems.3. List specific codes that presently guide the design,
construction and use of rainwater.4. Identify two potential funding sources for rainwater
harvesting projects.5. Code requires reclaimed water piping to be what color?6. Code requires/allows reclaimed water to be dyed only
what two colors?
What is Rainwater Harvesting?
• Intercepting storm water runoff and putting it to beneficial use.
• Rainwater is usually collected from rooftops, or pavements.
• Rainwater is not the same as graywater, but presently must follow the Graywater Code!
• Challenges:• Rainfall is unpredictable• Storage systems are required• Back-up water supply system is required• Initial high cost. Payback will vary• Regular maintenance is required
Why Harvest Rainwater?
• Rainwater is a valuable resource• Reduces municipal water consumption
• Cuts down on a facilities water bill• Pure drinking water is unnecessary for many water uses• Reduces the amount of water that needs to be treated
• Retention of rainwater slows overflows
• Control/eliminate combined sewer overflows into the sanitary system
• SAVE THE RAIN!
Basilica Cistern—Istanbul, Turkey (6th Century)
Bell Caves—Maresha, Israel(7th & 8th Centuries)
Nagar Sagar Kund Step Well—Bundi, southern Rajasthan, India (1699)
Homestead Cistern—United States(19th Century)
New York State and ICC Codes allow the use of rainwater for…
• Flushing of water closets• Flushing of urinals• Irrigation
GUIDELINES ARE ESTABLISHED IN APPENDIX C OF THE PLUMBING CODE OF NYS ANDIN ICC CHAPTER 13
It can also be used for: • Evaporative coolers• Car washing and custodial uses• Pet and livestock watering • Indoor plant watering• Fire suppression
Harvested Water Piping Shall Be Marked As Non-Potable
• Rainwater (reclaimed water) Piping Distribution Systems:• Purple piping• Labeling• Food-grade vegetable dye
added to the harvested water
Blue
Green
Storage & Treatment System Variations
Recirculation Type:• Vortex separator prior to
cistern• Storage cistern• Bag filters• UV and/or Ozone (17min)• Recirculate cistern water
through treatment skid and back to cistern
• No day tank• Dye added to reclaimed
water prior to use
Non-recirculation Type:• Vortex separator prior to
cistern• Storage cistern• Primary & final filtration• UV treatment• Chlorine injection• Day tank• Dye added to reclaimed
water prior to use
Syracuse Hancock AirportRainwater Harvesting System
Syracuse Hancock Airport
• Roof capture area—61,000 square feet• Captured rainfall per year—1.3 million gallons• 5,000 visitors/day, 365 days/year• Estimated usage per year—1.5 million gallons• Water used for flushing toilets and urinals• Funding—airport passenger facility charges
Syracuse Hancock Airport
• Vortex separators• 15,000-gallon cistern (3 days of storage)• 500-gallon day tank
Syracuse Hancock Airport
• Secondary cartridge filtration (1 micron)• UV treatment• Day tank• Booster pumps• Dye injection
Syracuse VA Medical Center
• Federal mandate for VAMC to reduce run-off
• Multiple levels of existing flat roof
• Existing chiller plant cooling towers evaporates more than 5 million gallons of make-up water annually
• Make-up source is currently the City of Syracuse ($$)
• Outside of “Save The Rain” boundaries
Syracuse VA Medical Center
• Re-route existing roof drains through 10 floors• Extensive field work
• Passive filtration system• Vortex filters• Low maintenance, no clogging
• 10,000-gallon custom underground cistern to supplement 25,000-gallon cooling tower sump
• Simple float system prioritizes use of rainwater
• Augmented system expected to save 900,000 gallons per year (~20%)
Carrier Dome Rainwater Harvesting
Inspiration Can Come at the Strangest Times
Carrier Dome Advantages
• High-profile project. Everyone has heard of the Carrier Dome
• Extremely large roof area (7 acres)• Rainwater available year round
(heated roof/gutter)• Easy access to rest room piping
systems• Available space for indoor cisterns• Multiple adjacent facilities that
could use excess dome rainwater
Project Challenges
• Project funding… “Save The Rain”?... EFC?• Obtaining usage data for public toilet rooms• Sizing cisterns and day tanks• Finding space for pumping and treatment equipment
room• Locating cisterns (five times)• Limited access to the existing roof drainage system
Determining Design Parameters
• Rainfall Data—Cornell Northeast Regional Climate Center (NRCC)
• Measuring facility usage (Half-time is Huge!)• Sizing cisterns
• Rainfall per week• Sizing day tanks
• Two 4,100 gal tanks (8,200 gallons total)• Sizing triplex booster pumps
• 150 gpm, 90 psi each (450 gpm total)• 300 gpm during half-time
Available Rainfall
• NRCC data• Annual rainfall on dome
• 6,650,000 gals• Average rainfall per month
• 550,000 gals• Average rainfall per week
• 128,000 gals
Preliminary Calculated Usage
• Men’s room urinal usage per week 2,000 gals• Men’s room toilet usage per week 2,500 gals• Women’s room toilet usage per week 11,000 gals• Total usage per week 15,500 gals• Required cistern storage capacity 20,000 gals
No additional storage was calculated based on historical drought information. It was assumed that municipal water would be used during low rain periods.
Actual Measured Usage
• Measured total flow into the Dome during a football game
• Subtracted “base load” usages
• 60,000 gallons for a game with 30,000 fans
• Utilized two gallons/person for typical event
• Researched historical Dome attendance
Proposed Indoor Cistern Locations
• Above upper concourse
• Highly visible• Educational• Also looked at
locating below floor slab
• Structural concerns
Proposed Above Grade Cistern Locations
Proposed Above Grade Cistern Locations
• North & south sides of Dome
System Schematic
Storage & Treatment System Components
• Vortex solids separators• Primary filter w/backwash (100 micron)• Secondary filter (25 micron)• Final filter (1 micron)• UV lights• Chlorine recirculation
through day tanks • Dye injection (blue)
Day Tanks
Vortex Filter
• 380 Micron Screen
Below Grade Cisterns
• Single wall fiberglass• Existing utility conflicts
Rainwater Refinery Concept
Rainwater Mechanical Room
• Educational Component:• Touch screen• Animation• Spot lights• Signage & labels• Exterior sign• Murals
Men’s Room Mural Concept
Men’s Room Mural Installed
Women’s Room Mural Concept
Exterior Signage
Quiz
1. What is a good source for rainfall data?2. Describe two types of rainwater harvesting storage and treatment
systems.3. List specific codes that presently guide the design, construction
and use of rainwater.4. Identify two potential funding sources for rainwater harvesting
projects.5. Code requires reclaimed water piping to be what color?6. Code requires/allows reclaimed water to be dyed only what two
colors?7. Bonus Question: What color will the Carrier Dome RHS water be
dyed?
Thank you!Questions?
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