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Synchrotron Radiation Science Present and Future. Tetsuya Ishikawa Director, RIKEN Harima Institute. 16 June 2010 The 4th Yamada Conference on Advanced Photons and Science Evolution 2010. Plan. Plan. Introduction SPring-8 Facility Recent Science Development at SPring-8 - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Synchrotron Radiation Science
Present and Future
Tetsuya IshikawaDirector, RIKEN Harima
Institute
16 June 2010The 4th Yamada Conference on Advanced Photons and Science
Evolution 2010
Plan
1. Introduction2. SPring-8 Facility3. Recent Science Development at
SPring-84. X-Ray Free Electron Laser5. Future Prospect
PlanPlan
New Light Always Creates New Science & New Light Always Creates New Science & TechnologyTechnology
16 June 2010The 4th Yamada Conference on Advanced Photons and Science Evolution
2010
Synchrotron Radiation (SR)Synchrotron Radiation (SR)
16 June 2010The 4th Yamada Conference on Advanced Photons and Science Evolution
2010
Synchrotron radiation is electromagnetic radiation generated by a synchrotron. It is similar to cyclotron radiation, but generated by the acceleration of ultrarelativistic (i.e., moving near the speed of light) charged particles through magnetic fields. This may be achieved artificially in synchrotrons or storage rings, or naturally by fast electrons moving through magnetic fields in space. The radiation produced may range over the entire electromagnetic spectrum, from radio waves to infrared light, visible light, ultraviolet light, X-rays, and gamma rays. It is distinguished by its characteristic polarization and spectrum. (from Wikipedia) Deliver high energy photon beams inaccessible by
any other means Well-defined photon beam characteristics in 6D
phase space & polarization Pulsed photon beam suitable to fast time-resolved
observation Light to explore the nano-world
IntroductionsIntroductions
SPring-8
SSuperuper PPhotonhoton ring 8ring 8 GeVGeV
5
(1) Machine time (FY2009) :Operating time of the Storage Ring = 5,035 hours User Time = 4,015 hours
(2) Number of proposals carried outAnnual (2009): 1,904 (Public BL = 1,391, Contract BL = 513)Total (Oct. 1997 - Mar. 2010): 16,344
(3) Number of usersAnnual (2009): 12,938 (Public BL = 9,033, Contract BL = 3,095)Total (Oct. 1997 - Mar. 2010): 110,223
●Location : Harima Science Garden City, Hyogo Pref. Japan●Construction Period : 1991 ~ 1997 (Open to Public: Oct. 1997 )●Construction Cost : 110 Billion JPY ($1 Billion *$1=110 JPY) *including 10 Public Beamlines
●Operation and Utilization :
On June 5, 2009, the number of total
user visits to SPring-8 reached 100000.
On June 5, 2009, the number of total
user visits to SPring-8 reached 100000.
SPring-8: Super Photon Ring-8GeVSPring-8: Super Photon Ring-8GeV
6
SPring-8 Major MilestonesSPring-8 Major Milestones
Now
Beam Profile@ BM (Acc.Diag.BL 38B2)
Sectional View of Electron Beam @ ID Center
7
Progress of Electron Beam Progress of Electron Beam PerformancePerformance
The thinner, the brighter for the same current
8
99.4
99.5
99.6
0:00 6:00 12:00 18:00 24:00
Sto
red
Cu
rren
t /
mA
2009/10/12
0.03 mA
99.4
99.5
99.6
12:00 12:05 12:10 12:15
Sto
red
Cu
rren
t /
mA
Stable Top-up Operation
1. Stored Current Variation < 0.03 %
2. Injection Beam Loss < 10 %
3. Stored Beam Oscillation Free
• Fixed interval (~ Oct. 2007)– Interval 1 min (several, hybrid) or 5 min (multi-bunch)– Current stability 0.1 %
• Variable interval (Nov. 2007 ~)– Interval depending on lifetime 20 sec ~ 2 min.– Current stability 0.03 % (30 A/one shot)
Top-up Operation enabled ‘Absolute Intensity Top-up Operation enabled ‘Absolute Intensity Measurement’Measurement’
The 4th Yamada Conference on Advanced Photons and Science Evolution 2010
Two-story beam transport
Experimental hall
Vacuum component hutch (pump station)
Movable end-stopper
Double-crystalmonochromator
Optics hutch
Storage ring building
Experimental hutch 1Beryllium window
The open air
Beryllium window
Experimental hutch 2
Long beamline building
Distance from the source1000 m980 m960 m140 m120 m100 m
100 m 120 m80 m40 m 60 m
5
1000 m Beamline, BL29XUL1000 m Beamline, BL29XULGreat Possibility of the Coherent X-Rays
The 4th Yamada Conference on Advanced Photons and Science Evolution 2010
Image of Be window at 1000 m Endstation
View size 0.48 mm ×0.48 mm
Detector Resolution 480 nm
E = 16 keV ( ~ 78 pm)
Coherent X-Rays at the 1000 m Coherent X-Rays at the 1000 m EndstationEndstation
X-Ray speckle was observed!
The 4th Yamada Conference on Advanced Photons and Science Evolution 2010
27 m long in-vacuum undulator was constructed!
In-vacuum undulatorTotal length = 27 m
U= 32 mmN = 781 K 1.76
E1st: 7.2 ~ 18.7 keV
Baverage ~ 1020 photons/mm2/mrad2/s in 0.1 % b.w.Total Power ~ 35 kWOn axis power ~ 1.2 kW/mm2 @ 50 m
H. Kitamura H. Kitamura et alet al, , NIMNIM A (2001) A (2001)
27m Undulator Beamline, BL19LXU27m Undulator Beamline, BL19LXU
The 4th Yamada Conference on Advanced Photons and Science Evolution 2010
Performance
Photon Flux with Si 111Undulator spectrum Undulator spectrum
@ 12 mm gap@ 12 mm gap
Beam size: 0.5 x 1.3 mmBeam size: 0.5 x 1.3 mm22 (FWHM) (FWHM) Flux density with Si 111 > 2x10Flux density with Si 111 > 2x101414 photons/s/mm photons/s/mm22
T. Hara et al, RSI (2002)
5 10 15 201011
1012
1013
1014
1015
Photon energy (keV)
Pho
ton
flux
at
EH
1(p
hoto
ns/s
)
Undulator gap = 49 mm
FE slit 0.7(V) x 1.0(H) mm 2
FE slit 0.5(V) x 0.5(H) mm 2
20 mm12 mm
16 mm
10 20 300
1
2[1013]
Photon Energy (keV)
Pho
ton
flux
(ph
oton
s/s)
measured calculated
27m Undulator Performance27m Undulator Performance
The 4th Yamada Conference on Advanced Photons and Science Evolution 2010
13
Status PublicBeamlines
ContractBeamlines
RIKENBeamlines
Accelerator
Diagnostics
Beamlines
Total
Operational ★26 ●17 ◆8 ■2 53Planned or Under Construction ○ 1 ◇1 2
Total 26 18 9 2 55
Contract BL
TOYOTA(TOYOTA Central R&D Labs.,Inc.)Univ-of-Tokyo(The University of Tokyo)Advanced Softmaterial (Advanced Softmaterial Beamline Consortium)
RIKENBeamlin
eTargeted Proteins
Inauguration in 2009-2010
Contract Beamlin
e
Advanced Basic Science for Battery Innovation(Kyoto University)
RIKENBeamlin
e
Quantum Nano Dynamics
Planned or Under Construction
SPring-8 BeamlinesSPring-8 Beamlines
Structure of Rhodopsin, a G Protein-Coupled Receptor
◆ G Protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play a role of switch to control the operation and fate of cells as receptors for a variety of hormones and neurotransmitters.
◆ Many kinds of drugs targeting GPCRs such as antasthmatic and psychotropic have been developed.◆ Rhodopsin, one of GPCRs, is a membrane protein in retina of eye, and acts as a very sensitive molecular switch.◆The structure of bovine rhodopsin was determined using RIKEN Structural Biology I beamline (BL45XU). ◆ The findings from the structural analysis of rhodopsin elucidated a variety of visual functions of rhodopsin.◆ This achievement was published in Science on 4 August 2000, and the image of rhodopsin has adorned the cover.◆The number of citing articles is 2746, current as of May 14, 2010. (data from ISI Web of Knowledge)
◆ RIKEN, University of Washington, Tokyo Institute of Technology.
Structure of Bovine Rhodopsin
The 4th Yamada Conference on Advanced Photons and Science Evolution 2010
New Nanoscience
One-dimensional Array of O2
◆One-dimensional arrays of O2 molecules physisorbed in a microporous metal-organic solid were observed directly by SPring-8 X-ray powder diffraction method.◆The findings will pave the way for the development of advanced functional materials such as magnetic and superconducting materials.◆Published in Science, December 20, 2002.◆ Prof. Kitagawa (Kyoto University) et al.
Direct Observation of H2
Electron density distribution of the microporous solid and O2 molecules physisorbed in it.
a: before adsorbing O2
b: after adsorbing O2
red spheres: O2
◆Arrangements of H2 molecules adsorbed onto a microporous metal-organic material were observed directly by SPring-8 X-ray powder diffraction.◆The SPring-8 high-brilliance X-rays and a new analysis method based on the MEM/Rietveld method enabled the direct observation of hydrogen, the lightest element.◆Published in Angewandte Chemie International Edition ( Online Edition ) , November 22, 2004.◆Osaka Women’s University, JASRI, Kyoto University, and others.
Electron density distribution of the microporous solid and H2 molecules physisorbed in it.
blue spheres: H2
green arrow: direction of a micropore
The 4th Yamada Conference on Advanced Photons and Science Evolution 2010
High-pressure phase transition in mantle mineral
◆ High-brilliance synchrotron X-rays at SPring-8 incorporated with the highly-sophisticated high pressure technology made possible a reliable in situ measurement under high-pressure conditions corresponding to the deep interior of the earth.
◆ The excellent combination revealed that a principal mineral, MgSiO3, forms a new phase named “post-perovskite” in the mantle-core boundary (D” layer).
◆ This can successfully solve the long-standing mystery of discontinuous seismic changes and seismic anisotropy in the D” layer.
◆ Published in Science ( Science Express Reports Online Edition ) , April 9, 2004.
◆ Prof. Hirose ( Tokyo Institute of Technology )et al. X-ray crystal structure analysis under high
temperature and pressureThe 4th Yamada Conference on Advanced Photons and Science Evolution
2010
17
Structure determination of Structure determination of 100 nm100 nm BaTiO BaTiO33
002
0-20 -1-100-11
-101
0010-10
Rint 0.0771(4350ref)R1 0.0436(2356ref)2θmax 65.6°Completeness 0.925
450 images are superimposed
(Beam size 3.2W x 2.8H um)ωtotal=225°, Δω=0.5°, 2θ=30°, Exposure time 5sec/1 image
X-ray diffraction of X-ray diffraction of 500 nm 500 nm BaTiOBaTiO33
Evolution of Structure AnalysisEvolution of Structure AnalysisX-ray Pinpoint Structural Measurement @BL40XUX-ray Pinpoint Structural Measurement @BL40XU
Structure analysis is now possible with single grain of powder sample.Structure analysis is now possible with single grain of powder sample.
NIST Powder sample : CeO2
RRintint 0.0620(326 refs)0.0620(326 refs) RR1 1 0.0377(93 refs)0.0377(93 refs) 2θ2θmaxmax 31.17° 31.17° CompletenessCompleteness 1.001.00
RRintint 0.0620(326 refs)0.0620(326 refs) RR1 1 0.0377(93 refs)0.0377(93 refs) 2θ2θmaxmax 31.17° 31.17° CompletenessCompleteness 1.001.00
N. Yasuda et al., J. Synchrotron Rad. 16, 352 (2009).The 4th Yamada Conference on Advanced Photons and Science Evolution
2010
AutomobileAutomobile
Material Analysis Material Analysis
TOYOTA CENTRAL R&D LABS., DAIHATSU, MATSUDA etc.
TRC, Kobelco research Inst., NITTECH RESEARCH, Sumitomo Metal Technology Inc., Mitsui Chemical Analysis & Consulting Serve Inc., MCRC, etc.
Industrial ApplicationsIndustrial Applications
●●MedicineMedicine●●Personal care productsPersonal care products●●Health careHealth care
●●Batteries: fuel cell & Li-ionBatteries: fuel cell & Li-ion●●Nuclear power materialNuclear power material●●Analysis of contamination Analysis of contamination elementselements●●Catalysts for environmentCatalysts for environment
●●Films for ULSI,Films for ULSI,●●SemiconductorsSemiconductors●●HDD, DVDHDD, DVD●●Semiconductor laserSemiconductor laser
ElectronicsElectronics Metals & Soft materialsMetals & Soft materials
Energy & EnvironmentEnergy & Environment Life scienceLife science
Canon, NTT, SUMITOMO ELECTRIC, SONY, TOSHIBA, NEX, HITACHI, FUJITSU, Fuji Electric, Mitsubishi Electric, Panasonic, SANYO Electric, RICOH, Nichia, TAIYO YUDEN, etc.
Display
Coatings
FibersTires
Kawasaki, KOBELCO, SUMITOMO Metals, Nippon Steel, JFE Steel CO., MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, TOSHIBA, MITSUBISHI MATERIALS, AsahiKASEI, AKO KASEI CO., SRI, TOYOBO, SUMITOMO CHEMICAL, FUJIFILM, NISSAN CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES, MITSUBISHI RAYON CO., TAKIRON, etc.
Fuel cell
Li-ion batteries
Deep seawater
Health care
Medicine
TOYOTA, TOYOTA CENTRAL R&D LABS., Honda Motor Co., DAIHATSU, MATSUDA, NISSAN ARC, KANSAI ELECTRIC POWER CO., TOKYO GAS, GS Yuasa Co., TOHO GAS, DAISO Co., NIPPON OIL CO., etc.
Astellas, Eisai, DAINIPPON SUMITOMO PHARMA, SHIONOGI & Co., Meiji, Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Kao Co., SUNSTAR, LION, P&G, INAX, SHISEIDO, Kanebo, KOSE, MENARD, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., etc.
Steel plates
Exhaust gas catalyst
Semiconductor
HDD
●●Steel platesSteel plates●●Construction Construction materialsmaterials●●CoatingsCoatings●●WeldingWelding●●ToolsTools
●●TiresTires●●FibersFibers●●Functional polymerFunctional polymer
The 4th Yamada Conference on Advanced Photons and Science Evolution 2010
““X-ray Free Electron Laser, XFELX-ray Free Electron Laser, XFEL””coherent light to explore nano-worldcoherent light to explore nano-world
[ wavelength ]
Laser Light
Normal Light
[ coherence ]
1 m 10 nm 1 Å1 nm100 nm10 m
visible raysinfra-red rays
THz rays UV rays soft X-rays X-rays hard X-rays
→ short wavelength ( high energy )long wavelength ( low energy )←
X-ray Free Electron X-ray Free Electron LASERLASERLASER
Synchrotron Light Lamps
The 4th Yamada Conference on Advanced Photons and Science Evolution 2010
Linac-Based Free Electron LaserLinac-Based Free Electron LaserSelf-Amplified Spontaneous Emission (SASE)Self-Amplified Spontaneous Emission (SASE)
◆ e-gun ◆ linac ◆ undulator
e-gun linac undulatorX-Ray Laser
e-beamMicro-bunching e-beam
The 4th Yamada Conference on Advanced Photons and Science Evolution 2010
Light Source PerformanceLight Source Performance
Remarkable Features of XFEL producing Remarkable Features of XFEL producing <0.1 nm <0.1 nm X-RaysX-Rays
◎ High Peak Brilliance ◎ Narrow Pulse Width
◎ High Degree of Coherence
XFEL
100
10
1
0.1
0.01
10-15
10-12
10-14
10-13
10-11
10-10
Deg
ree
of C
oher
ence
(%
)
Pulse W
idth (sec)
1010
1020
1030
Peak Brilliance
Photon Factory
SPring-8
×103
×10-3
×109( Photons/sec/mm 2/mrad 2/0.1 % b.w. )
The 4th Yamada Conference on Advanced Photons and Science Evolution 2010
SASE Lasing in April 2009
The 4th Yamada Conference on Advanced Photons and Science Evolution 2010
Three Facilities Use Different Three Facilities Use Different TechnologiesTechnologies
INJECTOR ACC. STRUCTUREUNDULATOR
LCLS Laser-RF gun S-Band, Normal Conduct. Out-of-Vacuum
Euro-XFEL Laser-RF gun L-Band, SuperconductingOut-of-Vacuum
Jpn-XFEL DC-gun + V.B. C-Band, Normal Conduct.In-Vacuum
linac undulatorX-Ray Laser
e-beamMicro-bunching e-beam
e-gun
The 4th Yamada Conference on Advanced Photons and Science Evolution 2010
8 GeV X-Ray Free Electron Laser Facility at 8 GeV X-Ray Free Electron Laser Facility at SPring-8SPring-8
Total Facility Length ~ 0.7 kmTotal Facility Length ~ 0.7 km
Unique FeaturesXFEL and SR X-ray beams on the same sampleShort & Low emittance e-beam injection to SP8
from XFEL LinacThe 4th Yamada Conference on Advanced Photons and Science Evolution
2010
Road MapRoad Map2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
CONSTRUCTION PERIOD
Accelerator/Undulator BuildingExperimental Hall
Injector and Accelerator
Beamlines
CommissioningExp 。 Hall
Operation as a User FacilityOperation as a User Facility
User OperationUser Operation
【【 ManagementManagement 】】
<8<8 GeV GeV >>
<< PrototypePrototype >>
Remaining 3 FEL lines
Seeding + New Equipment
Phase I ConstructionPhase I Construction
Machine Machine CommissioningCommissioning
Building Building CommissioningCommissioning
Phase II ConstructionPhase II Construction
USER OPERATION PERIOD
Use for R&DUse for R&DUser OperationUser Operation
User Operation as a Seeded FELUser Operation as a Seeded FEL
Road MapRoad Map
The 4th Yamada Conference on Advanced Photons and Science Evolution 2010
Limitations in SRX technology No-coherent X-rayShortage of luminosity X-ray Picosecond Resolution
X-ray structure analysis requires the crystallization
Not-control of electron-state Low resolution X-ray imaging
High-luminosity X-rayHigh-luminosity X-ray Coherent X-rayCoherent X-ray Femtosecond ResolutionFemtosecond Resolution
X-ray Free Electron Laser
High-resolution Cell Imaging
Structure analysis of the Cellular Membrane without Crystallization
Repetition of Repetition of observational
data
Nano-Dynamics
・ Atomic-level analysis without crystallization
・ Ultra-high-speed imaging
Nano-Science and Technology
Observation of electron-state
pump-probe Intense Laser fields
black hole
XFEL develops Leading-edge XFEL develops Leading-edge ResearchesResearches
Life Science Astronomy / Intense Laser fields
The 4th Yamada Conference on Advanced Photons and Science Evolution 2010
27
XFEL Project2006-2010
2010
1997SPring-8 Inauguration
2019
2011XFEL Inauguration
Major Upgrade to SPring-8-II
3rd Generation-like UseXFEL Use
Academic Use of XFEL
Next Generation XFEL Development
2033Major Upgrade to XFEL-II
Industrial Use
Generalization
SPring-8 Future PlanSPring-8 Future Plan
Next Generation SR Conceptual Development
Next Generation SR Elements Development
Return SR Research Outcome to the Society
Return XFEL Research Outcome to the Society
Major Upgrade to SPring-8-III 2041
New Generation SR Use Industrial Use
Next Next Generation SR Elements Development
Return SR Research Outcome to the Society
Groundbreaking for the Next Generation
3rd Generation SR Use2nd Generation-like Use
Industrial Use
Generalization
Generalization
The 4th Yamada Conference on Advanced Photons and Science Evolution 2010
SP8
See Individual
See System
1997 when SPring-8 started operation
PF
SR, short wavelength light, is essential to observe materials in atomic or molecular level which forms the foundation of modern science and technology.
See functions of nano-scale materials such as atoms and molecules as individual components of systems and interaction among them in the particular systems.
The 4th Yamada Conference on Advanced Photons and Science Evolution 2010
XFEL (SASE)(2010)
SP8-II(2019)
SP8See Individual
See System
Future Photon Science SR, short wavelength light, is essential to
observe materials in atomic or molecular level which forms the foundation of modern science and technology.
See functions of nano-scale materials such as atoms and molecules as individual components of systems and interaction among them in the particular systems.
Present SPring-8 is mostly for static observation of individual components.
SASE-XFEL will enhance the capability of observing functions of individual components.
We hope we can enhance the capability of analyzing functions of interacting systems by using SP8-II.
The 4th Yamada Conference on Advanced Photons and Science Evolution 2010
Concluding RemarksConcluding Remarks
• Synchrotron Radiation offers short wavelength light to explore the nano-world.
• Continuous effort towards brighter sources are ongoing.
• SPring-8 is one of 3 large scale 3rd generation x-ray SR facilities starting the user service in 1997.
• SPring-8 is now widely used as an analytical tool in vast area of science and technology.
• 3rd generation sources opened the capability of utilizing X-ray coherence.
• An X-Ray Free Electron Laser facility is under construction at the SPring-8 site as one of the 5 Key Technology Projects of National Importance, to be completed in 2010 FY.
Thank you for your kind attention.