PRS (PASSENGER RESERVATION SYSTEM)

Points which cover in report further:

Introduction PRS software Interconnectivity of PRS centre

Topology Equipment Used

Synchronous Transmission Asynchronous Transmission

Connectivity Local Terminal Connectivity Remote terminal Connectivity

Mux, Modem based Connectivity Router based connectivity

Equipment Used

Router Modem Switch Hub LTS

Network Pessanger Ammunities System

INTRODUCTION

With the implementation computerised passenger reservation system on north eastern railway in year 1889 at New Delhi amodest beging was made which has complete revolutionized the process of passenger reservation service on Indian railway .to begin with the computerized reservation at Delhi was implemented on vax 750 computer with 30 terminal.

As a matter of policy and due to terminal it was decided to have prs computers at Delhi,Bombay,Madras,Calcatta,and Sikandrabad which cover bulk of reservation volume and to have remote terminal at other major cities connected host prs computers through data links.

PRS SOFTWARE

The application package running under the vms operating on DEC’S VAX computer has been develop by M/N CMC in fortran 77 and is total custom data –bar system is itself with all functions such as terminal monitory terminal cursor control ,data –field length .operations including record locking journaling recovery function etc being locked after by the application program itself.

INTERCONNECTIVITY OF PRS CENTER

It include the following type of Topology.

Topology:- Topology is a feature in which the physical or logical layout of the cables and devices that connect the nodes of the network. There are various factor when determining each topology to use.

Bus Topology Star Topology

Ring Topology Tree Topology Mesh Topology

The Mesh Topology is mainly used in PRS, because it provide all facilities to help the in PRS communication.

MESH TOPOLOGY:- It is also known as craph topology. It is least used network topology and the most expensive one.in this Topology a cable runs from every computer to other computer.

ADVANTAGE OF MESH TOPOLOGY:

More reliable as compared to any other network. Data can never be failed to delivered.

DISADVANTAGE OF MESH TOPOLOGY:

The cost is high because of multiple connection. Addition of new node is quite difficult.

EQUIPMENT USED

SYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION

Synchronous mode of data transmission involve blocking a group of characters in some what the same way record are block on magnetic tap .synchronous device need not use that start and stop bits so coordination between two nodes . the sender and receiver ,is handle differently in synchronous communication there are two channels “one for data and for link synchronization.

ASYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSIONAsynchronous transmission is often reffered to as star stop bit transmission because of its nature that is the sender can send the character at any time convenient and the receiver will accept it . thus in asynchronous transmission ,data is tranmitted character by character at irregular intervals.

COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

Communication system is the combination of hardware ,software and data transfer links that make up a communication facility for

transferring .data in efficient manner.

Local terminal are synchronous dump terminal . these terminal are connected to computer system either through line driver .these termina operate at 9600 bps and provide very good response time.

REMOTE TERMINAL COMMUNICATION

in major metrotown prs terminals have been distributed over a wide geographical area to facilitated travelling publicto reservation done from the nearest location rather than coming to the main reservation complex.data link are mostly based from bsnl and in link which are voice operate at 4800 bps.

EQUIPTMENT USED FOR REMOTE TERMINAL COMMUNICATION

MODEMMUXDCM

MODEM :Modem stands for modulator demodulator.modem convert communication signals from a form the computer can

understand to a form the telephone system can convey and vice-versa.

CLASSIFICATION OF MODEM

LANDLINE MODEMSWIRELESS MODEMSLAN MODEMS

MUX(MULTIPLEXER):-Multiplexing allow multiple stream of electronic messages to be transmitted over the same connection in the time otherwise required for one message . the electronic device that performs this task is known as multiplexer.

DCM:-Dcm stands for “data compression multiplexer” it is used to connect two or more media . there are 16 part in a dcm and we can connect one multiplexer at each port . we can run 16*8 or 16*16 terminals at a same .there are three type of parts

TERMINAL PART

NET PORT SUPERWISORY PORT

ROUTER:-It has a cpu,ram ,rom,and an operating system.operating system is IOS (internetworking operating system) instead of hard drive.router started configuration files in nv ram and it operating system in flash .flash can be either EEPROM chip on pc mci card. Both retains the data even after the power is turned of (NVRAM and flash are the types of RAM).AND the router dose not need very powerfull COU and most ruoter run at mhz COU made (Motorola)

SWITCH :-It is used for point to point connection between pc’s .this type of connection adequate when the no of communicating elements are few when the no. of machine increases ,point to point connection become less practical. Direct link between two computers may also we use to connect a computer with a printer or other Peripheral device.

CHING TECHNIQUES:-It is used for point to point connection between two PC’s. This type of connection adequate when the number of communication element are a few.

MODEM MUX BASE CONNECTIVITY PRS

NETWORK

A network is away to connect computer so that they can communicate ,exchange information and to share resource in a real time .

NETWORK TERMINOLOGY

The various terminalogies are as follow NodeServerConnectivitySwitchingTarrif

Communication speed

COMMUNICATION CHANNELS

Narrow band channel:data transfer rate 10inch/secVoice band channel:data transfer rate 8000cpsBroad band channel :data transfer rate 10 million cps

NETWORK STRUCTURE

There are 3 types of n/w distinguished by geography .they are:

LanManWan

SERVER

A server is a computer which provide servers.such as file access stored in its hard disk ,sharing of represses ,managing reserves to different computer attached to the LAN.

PASSENGER AMMUNITIES

It is used in PRS and have following points.

IVRS Call Centre Touch Screen System

TOUCH SCREEN SYSTEM

Touch screen system consist of three basic component

TOUCH SCREEN SENSOR PANNEL

That sides above the display and generates appropriate voltage according to where it is touchedTouch screen sensor is a clear glass panel with a touch .it is placed over a display screen so that a responsive are a of the panel covers the viewable area of the vedio screen.The sensor generally has an electric current or signal going through it and touching the screen causes a voltage or signal change

TOUCH SCREEN CONTROLLER

It process the signal recived from the sensor and translate these,into touch event data ,which is passed to the processor through a serial interface The controller is a small PC card that connect b/w the touch screen sensor and PC .It takes information from the touch sensor translate It into information that can understand by PC .

Software drives

It provides an interface to the PC’S operating system and translate the touch event data into mouse event .The driver is a software update for the PC system that allow the touch screen and computer to work together .It tell the computer how to iterprete the touch event information that is send from the controller.

IVRS

This application is used for providing standard response to the customer enquiry like-

1. Reservation Status through PNR number.2. Accomodation availability.3. Train A/D enquiry(Arrival/Departure).4. Train details.5. Fair enquiry.

CALL CENTRE

Salient feature of call centre is-

1. Single window for various customer application.2. Increased availability of services.3. E-mail access.4. Fax on demand.5. Automatic announcing unit.6. Call back facility on confirmation.7. Accident related information.8. Registration of complaints.