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The Symbiosis Activities Kalundborg Symbiosis Institute 1
SYMBIOSISINDUSTRIEL COOPERATION
byDirector Gino Tammaro
The Symbiosis Activities Kalundborg Symbiosis Institute 2
Symbiosis in Denmark
Copenhagen
Kalundborg
The Symbiosis Activities Kalundborg Symbiosis Institute 3
Kalundborg Symbiosis
The Symbiosis Activities Kalundborg Symbiosis Institute 4
THE INDUSTRIAL SYMBIOSIS
The Industrial Symbiosis at Kalundborg is a resource and environmental network, consisting of twenty-some bilateral, commercial agreements between five industries, two waste handling companies and the utilities department of the municipality.
The Symbiosis Activities Kalundborg Symbiosis Institute 5
Asnæs Power Station
Production ofelectricity andheat
250 employees
Denmark’slargest powerstation
The Symbiosis Activities Kalundborg Symbiosis Institute 6
Statoil Refinery
Production ofgasoline andother oil-basedproducts
330 employees
Denmark’slargest oilrefinery
The Symbiosis Activities Kalundborg Symbiosis Institute 7
NOVO NORDISK A/S
NOVOZYMES A/SProduction of industrial enzymes
NOVO NORDISK A/SProduction of insuline etc.
Altogether>4000
employees
The Symbiosis Activities Kalundborg Symbiosis Institute 8
Gyproc
Production ofplaster boards.
165 employees
The Symbiosis Activities Kalundborg Symbiosis Institute 9
RGS 90
Remediation of250.000 tons oil and metalpolluted soil per year.
65 employees
The Symbiosis Activities Kalundborg Symbiosis Institute 10
KARA/NOVEREN
Waste handlingcompany, ownedby 9 municipalities.
Handles 350,000 tonswaste annually,recycles 82%
The Symbiosis Activities Kalundborg Symbiosis Institute 11
Kalundborg Community
Distribution ofwater and energy
Population: 49,000(the town: 20,000)
The Symbiosis Activities Kalundborg Symbiosis Institute 12
Symbiosis Projects
Three types of projects:
Recycling of water: 12 ProjectsExchange of energy: 6 ProjectsRecycling of waste products: 8 Projects
+ a special project: The Symbiosis Institute
The Symbiosis Activities Kalundborg Symbiosis Institute 13
ENERGY EXCHANGE
SoilremLakeTissø
Novozymes
Novo Nordisk
Fish farm
AsnæsPower Station
The Municipalityof Kalundborg
Gyproc
StatoilRefinery
9 Steam 1982
15 Gas 1992
7Heat1981
6 Heat1980/89
8 Steam 1982
2Gas
1972
The Symbiosis Activities Kalundborg Symbiosis Institute 14
WATER PROJECTS
SoilremLakeTissø
Novozymes
Novo Nordisk
AsnæsPower Station
The Municipalityof Kalundborg
Re-usebasin
Gyproc
StatoilRefinery
10 Surface water 1987
11 Coolingwater 1987
17 Waste water 1995
1 Surface water 1961
3Surface
water1973
14 Tech.water 1991
18 Drain water 1995
Waste water treatment
21 Deionized water 2002
Purifica-tion
of water22Water200424 Sea water 2007
The Symbiosis Activities Kalundborg Symbiosis Institute 15
(SOLID) WASTE EXCHANGES
The Symbiosis Institute1996
SoilremLakeTissø
Novozymes
Novo Nordisk
Farms
AsnæsPower Station
The Municipalityof Kalundborg
Gyproc
Fertilizer industry
Cementindustry
StatoilRefinery
12Yeastslurry
1989
4Biomass/NovoGro1976
13 Sulphur 1990Fertilizer 2001
5 Fly ash1979
16 Gypsum 1993
19 Sludge1998
Waste water treatment
20Fly
Ash1999
Collaboration with Noveren
Recovery of nickeland vanadium
Pig farms
23Alko-holicresidue
The Symbiosis Activities Kalundborg Symbiosis Institute 16
Symbiosis Projects 2008
The Symbiosis Activities Kalundborg Symbiosis Institute 17
CHRONOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ´1970 1980 1990 20001960
Tissø wate
r
Gas
The Symbiosis Institute The name ”Industrial Symbiosis”
The Symbiosis Activities Kalundborg Symbiosis Institute 18
INDUSTRIAL SYMBIOSIS: STATUS 1960
LakeTissø
AsnæsPower Station
The Municipalityof Kalundborg
The Symbiosis Activities Kalundborg Symbiosis Institute 19
INDUSTRIAL SYMBIOSIS: STATUS 1961
LakeTissø
AsnæsPower Station
The Municipalityof Kalundborg
VeedolRefinery
1 Surface water 1961
The Symbiosis Activities Kalundborg Symbiosis Institute 20
INDUSTRIAL SYMBIOSIS: STATUS 1972
LakeTissø
AsnæsPower Station
The Municipalityof Kalundborg
Gyproc
Novo IndustriEssoRefinery
2Gas
1972
1 Surface water 1961
The Symbiosis Activities Kalundborg Symbiosis Institute 21
INDUSTRIAL SYMBIOSIS: STATUS 1973
LakeTissø
AsnæsPower Station
The Municipalityof Kalundborg
Gyproc
Novo IndustriEssoRefinery
2Gas
1972
1 Surface water 1961
3Surface
water1973
The Symbiosis Activities Kalundborg Symbiosis Institute 22
INDUSTRIAL SYMBIOSIS: STATUS 1976
LakeTissø
AsnæsPower Station
The Municipalityof Kalundborg
Gyproc
Novo Industri
Farms
EssoRefinery
2Gas
1972
1 Surface water 1961
3Surface
water1973
4Biomass
1976
The Symbiosis Activities Kalundborg Symbiosis Institute 23
INDUSTRIAL SYMBIOSIS: STATUS 1979
LakeTissø
AsnæsPower Station
The Municipalityof Kalundborg
GyprocCementindustry
Novo Industri
Farms
EssoRefinery
5 Fly ash1979
2Gas
1972
1 Surface water 1961
3Surface
water1973
4Biomass
1976
The Symbiosis Activities Kalundborg Symbiosis Institute 24
INDUSTRIAL SYMBIOSIS: STATUS 1980
LakeTissø
Novo Industri
Farms
Fish farm
AsnæsPower Station
The Municipalityof Kalundborg
GyprocCementindustry
EssoRefinery
4Biomass
1976
5 Fly ash1979
6 Heat1980
2Gas
1972
1 Surface water 1961
3Surface
water1973
The Symbiosis Activities Kalundborg Symbiosis Institute 25
INDUSTRIAL SYMBIOSIS: STATUS 1981
LakeTissø
Novo Industri
Farms
Fish farm
AsnæsPower Station
The Municipalityof Kalundborg
GyprocCementindustry
EssoRefinery
4Biomass
1976
5 Fly ash1979
7Heat1981
6 Heat1980
2Gas
1972
1 Surface water 1961
3Surface
water1973
The Symbiosis Activities Kalundborg Symbiosis Institute 26
INDUSTRIAL SYMBIOSIS: STATUS 1982
LakeTissø
Novo Industri
Farms
Fish farm
AsnæsPower Station
The Municipalityof Kalundborg
GyprocCementindustry
EssoRefinery
4Biomass
1976
5 Fly ash1979
7Heat1981
6 Heat1980
8 Steam 1982
2Gas
1972
1 Surface water 1961
3Surface
water1973
The Symbiosis Activities Kalundborg Symbiosis Institute 27
INDUSTRIAL SYMBIOSIS: STATUS 1982
LakeTissø
Novo Industri
Farms
Fish farm
AsnæsPower Station
The Municipalityof Kalundborg
GyprocCementindustry
StatoilRefinery
4Biomass
1976
5 Fly ash1979
9 Steam 1982
7Heat1981
6 Heat1980
8 Steam 1982
2Gas
1972
1 Surface water 1961
3Surface
water1973
The Symbiosis Activities Kalundborg Symbiosis Institute 28
INDUSTRIAL SYMBIOSIS: STATUS 1987
LakeTissø
Novo Industri
Farms
Fish farm
AsnæsPower Station
The Municipalityof Kalundborg
GyprocCementindustry
StatoilRefinery
10 Surface water 1987
4Biomass
1976
5 Fly ash1979
9 Steam 198211 Coolingwater 1987
7Heat1981
6 Heat1980
8 Steam 1982
2Gas
1972
1 Surface water 1961
3Surface
water1973
The Symbiosis Activities Kalundborg Symbiosis Institute 29
INDUSTRIAL SYMBIOSIS: STATUS 1987
LakeTissø
Novo Industri
Farms
Fish farm
AsnæsPower Station
The Municipalityof Kalundborg
GyprocCementindustry
StatoilRefinery
10 Surface water 1987
4Biomass
1976
5 Fly ash1979
9 Steam 198211 Coolingwater 1987
7Heat1981
6 Heat1980
8 Steam 1982
2Gas
1972
1 Surface water 1961
3Surface
water1973
The Symbiosis Activities Kalundborg Symbiosis Institute 30
INDUSTRIAL SYMBIOSIS: STATUS 1989
LakeTissø
Novo Industri
Farms
Fish farm
AsnæsPower Station
The Municipalityof Kalundborg
GyprocCementindustry
StatoilRefinery
10 Surface water 1987
4Biomass
1976
5 Fly ash1979
9 Steam 198211 Coolingwater 1987
7Heat1981
6 Heat1980/89
8 Steam 1982
2Gas
1972
1 Surface water 1961
3Surface
water1973
The Symbiosis Activities Kalundborg Symbiosis Institute 31
INDUSTRIAL SYMBIOSIS: STATUS 1989
LakeTissø
Novo Nordisk
Farms
Fish farm
AsnæsPower Station
The Municipalityof Kalundborg
GyprocCementindustry
StatoilRefinery
10 Surface water 1987
12Yeastslurry1989
4Biomass
1976
5 Fly ash1979
9 Steam 198211 Coolingwater 1987
7Heat1981
6 Heat1980/89
8 Steam 1982
2Gas
1972
1 Surface water 1961
3Surface
water1973
Pig farms
The Symbiosis Activities Kalundborg Symbiosis Institute 32
INDUSTRIAL SYMBIOSIS: STATUS 1990
LakeTissø
Novo Nordisk
Farms
Fish farm
AsnæsPower Station
The Municipalityof Kalundborg
Gyproc
Fertilizer industry
Cementindustry
StatoilRefinery
10 Surface water 1987
12Yeastslurry1989
4Biomass/NovoGro1976
13 Sulphur 1990
5 Fly ash1979
9 Steam 198211 Coolingwater 1987
7Heat1981
6 Heat1980/89
8 Steam 1982
2Gas
1972
1 Surface water 1961
3Surface
water1973
Pig farms
The Symbiosis Activities Kalundborg Symbiosis Institute 33
INDUSTRIAL SYMBIOSIS: STATUS 1991
LakeTissø
Novo Nordisk
Farms
Fish farm
AsnæsPower Station
The Municipalityof Kalundborg
Gyproc
Fertilizer industry
Cementindustry
StatoilRefinery
10 Surface water 1987
12Yeastslurry1989
4Biomass/NovoGro1976
13 Sulphur 1990
5 Fly ash1979
9 Steam 198211 Coolingwater 1987
7Heat1981
6 Heat1980/89
8 Steam 1982
2Gas
1972
1 Surface water 1961
3Surface
water1973
14 Tech.water 1991
Pig farms
The Symbiosis Activities Kalundborg Symbiosis Institute 34
INDUSTRIAL SYMBIOSIS: STATUS 1992
LakeTissø
Novo Nordisk
Farms
Fish farm
AsnæsPower Station
The Municipalityof Kalundborg
Gyproc
Fertilizer industry
Cementindustry
StatoilRefinery
10 Surface water 1987
12Yeastslurry1989
4Biomass/NovoGro1976
13 Sulphur 1990
5 Fly ash1979
9 Steam 1982
15 Gas 1992
11 Coolingwater 1987
7Heat1981
6 Heat1980/89
8 Steam 1982
2Gas
1972
1 Surface water 1961
3Surface
water1973
14 Tech.water 1991
Pig farms
The Symbiosis Activities Kalundborg Symbiosis Institute 35
INDUSTRIAL SYMBIOSIS: STATUS 1993
LakeTissø
Novo Nordisk
Farms
Fish farm
AsnæsPower Station
The Municipalityof Kalundborg
Gyproc
Fertilizer industry
Cementindustry
StatoilRefinery
10 Surface water 1987
12Yeastslurry1989
4Biomass/NovoGro1976
13 Sulphur 1990
5 Fly ash1979
16 Gypsum 1993
9 Steam 1982
15 Gas 1992
11 Coolingwater 1987
7Heat1981
6 Heat1980/89
8 Steam 1982
2Gas
1972
1 Surface water 1961
3Surface
water1973
14 Tech.water 1991
Waste water treatment
Pig farms
The Symbiosis Activities Kalundborg Symbiosis Institute 36
INDUSTRIAL SYMBIOSIS: STATUS 1995
LakeTissø
Novo Nordisk
Farms
Fish farm
AsnæsPower Station
The Municipalityof Kalundborg
Gyproc
Fertilizer industry
Cementindustry
StatoilRefinery
10 Surface water 1987
12Yeastslurry1989
4Biomass/NovoGro1976
13 Sulphur 1990
5 Fly ash1979
16 Gypsum 1993
9 Steam 1982
15 Gas 1992
11 Coolingwater 1987
7Heat1981
6 Heat1980/89
8 Steam 1982
2Gas
1972
17 Waste water 1995
1 Surface water 1961
3Surface
water1973
14 Tech.water 1991
Waste water treatment
Pig farms
The Symbiosis Activities Kalundborg Symbiosis Institute 37
INDUSTRIAL SYMBIOSIS: STATUS 1995
LakeTissø
Novo Nordisk
Farms
Fish farm
AsnæsPower Station
The Municipalityof Kalundborg
Gyproc
Fertilizer industry
Re-usebasin
Cementindustry
StatoilRefinery
10 Surface water 1987
12Yeastslurry1989
4Biomass/NovoGro1976
13 Sulphur 1990
5 Fly ash1979
16 Gypsum 1993
9 Steam 1982
15 Gas 1992
11 Coolingwater 1987
7Heat1981
6 Heat1980/89
8 Steam 1982
2Gas
1972
17 Waste water 1995
1 Surface water 1961
3Surface
water1973
14 Tech.water 1991
18 Drain water 1995
Waste water treatment
Pig farms
The Symbiosis Activities Kalundborg Symbiosis Institute 38
INDUSTRIAL SYMBIOSIS: STATUS 1996
The Symbiosis Institute1996
LakeTissø
Novo Nordisk
Farms
Fish farm
AsnæsPower Station
The Municipalityof Kalundborg
Gyproc
Fertilizer industry
Re-usebasin
Cementindustry
StatoilRefinery
10 Surface water 1987
12Yeastslurry1989
4Biomass/NovoGro1976
13 Sulphur 1990
5 Fly ash1979
16 Gypsum 1993
9 Steam 1982
15 Gas 1992
11 Coolingwater 1987
7Heat1981
6 Heat1980/89
8 Steam 1982
2Gas
1972
17 Waste water 1995
1 Surface water 1961
3Surface
water1973
14 Tech.water 1991
18 Drain water 1995
Waste water treatment
Pig farms
The Symbiosis Activities Kalundborg Symbiosis Institute 39
INDUSTRIAL SYMBIOSIS: STATUS 1998
The Symbiosis Institute1996
SoilremLakeTissø
Novo Nordisk
Farms
Fish farm
AsnæsPower Station
The Municipalityof Kalundborg
Gyproc
Fertilizer industry
Re-usebasin
Cementindustry
StatoilRefinery
10 Surface water 1987
12Yeastslurry1989
4Biomass/NovoGro1976
13 Sulphur 1990
5 Fly ash1979
16 Gypsum 1993
9 Steam 1982
15 Gas 1992
11 Coolingwater 1987
7Heat1981
6 Heat1980/89
8 Steam 1982
2Gas
1972
19 Sludge
17 Waste water 1995
1 Surface water 1961
3Surface
water1973
14 Tech.water 1991
18 Drain water 1995
1998Waste water
treatment
Pig farms
The Symbiosis Activities Kalundborg Symbiosis Institute 40
INDUSTRIAL SYMBIOSIS: STATUS 2000
The Symbiosis Institute1996
SoilremLakeTissø
Novo Nordisk
Farms
Fish farm
AsnæsPower Station
The Municipalityof Kalundborg
Gyproc
Fertilizer industry
Re-usebasin
Cementindustry
StatoilRefinery
10 Surface water 1987
12Yeastslurry1989
4Biomass/NovoGro1976
13 Sulphur 1990
5 Fly ash1979
16 Gypsum 1993
9 Steam 1982
15 Gas 1992
11 Coolingwater 1987
7Heat1981
6 Heat1980/89
8 Steam 1982
2Gas
1972
19 Sludge
17 Waste water 1995
1 Surface water 1961
3Surface
water1973
14 Tech.water 1991
18 Drain water 1995
1998Waste water
treatment
20Fly
Ash2000
Collaboration with Noveren
Recovery of nickeland vanadium
Pig farms
The Symbiosis Activities Kalundborg Symbiosis Institute 41
INDUSTRIAL SYMBIOSIS: STATUS 2000
The Symbiosis Institute1996
SoilremLakeTissø
Novozymes
Novo Nordisk
Farms
Fish farm
AsnæsPower Station
The Municipalityof Kalundborg
Gyproc
Fertilizer industry
Re-usebasin
Cementindustry
StatoilRefinery
10 Surface water 1987
12Yeastslurry1989
4Biomass/NovoGro1976
13 Sulphur 1990
5 Fly ash1979
16 Gypsum 1993
9 Steam 1982
15 Gas 1992
11 Coolingwater 1987
7Heat1981
6 Heat1980/89
8 Steam 1982
2Gas
1972
19 Sludge
17 Waste water 1995
1 Surface water 1961
3Surface
water1973
14 Tech.water 1991
18 Drain water 1995
1998Waste water
treatment
20Fly
Ash2000
Collaboration with Noveren
Recovery of nickeland vanadium
Pig farms
The Symbiosis Activities Kalundborg Symbiosis Institute 42
INDUSTRIAL SYMBIOSIS: STATUS 2001
The Symbiosis Institute1996
SoilremLakeTissø
Novozymes
Novo Nordisk
Farms
Fish farm
AsnæsPower Station
The Municipalityof Kalundborg
Gyproc
Fertilizer industry
Re-usebasin
Cementindustry
StatoilRefinery
10 Surface water 1987
12Yeastslurry1989
4Biomass/NovoGro1976
13 Sulphur 1990Fertilizer 2001
5 Fly ash1979
16 Gypsum 1993
9 Steam 1982
15 Gas 1992
11 Coolingwater 1987
7Heat1981
6 Heat1980/89
8 Steam 1982
2Gas
1972
19 Sludge
17 Waste water 1995
1 Surface water 1961
3Surface
water1973
14 Tech.water 1991
18 Drain water 1995
1998Waste water
treatment
20Fly
Ash1999
Collaboration with Noveren
21 Deionized water 2002
Recovery of nickeland vanadium
Pig farms
The Symbiosis Activities Kalundborg Symbiosis Institute 43
INDUSTRIAL SYMBIOSIS: STATUS 2002
The Symbiosis Institute1996
SoilremLakeTissø
Novozymes
Novo Nordisk
Farms
Fish farm
AsnæsPower Station
The Municipalityof Kalundborg
Gyproc
Fertilizer industry
Re-usebasin
Cementindustry
StatoilRefinery
10 Surface water 1987
12Yeastslurry1989
4Biomass/NovoGro1976
13 Sulphur 1990Fertilizer 2001
5 Fly ash1979
16 Gypsum 1993
9 Steam 1982
15 Gas 1992
11 Coolingwater 1987
7Heat1981
6 Heat1980/89
8 Steam 1982
2Gas
1972
19 Sludge
17 Waste water 1995
1 Surface water 1961
3Surface
water1973
14 Tech.water 1991
18 Drain water 1995
1998Waste water
treatment
20Fly
Ash1999
Collaboration with Noveren
21 Deionized water 2002
Recovery of nickeland vanadium
Pig farms
The Symbiosis Activities Kalundborg Symbiosis Institute 44
INDUSTRIAL SYMBIOSIS: STATUS 2004
The Symbiosis Institute1996
SoilremLakeTissø
Novozymes
Novo Nordisk
Farms
Fish farm
AsnæsPower Station
The Municipalityof Kalundborg
Gyproc
Fertilizer industry
Re-usebasin
Cementindustry
StatoilRefinery
10 Surface water 1987
12Yeastslurry1989
4Biomass/NovoGro1976
13 Sulphur 1990Fertilizer 2001
5 Fly ash1979
16 Gypsum 1993
9 Steam 1982
15 Gas 1992
11 Coolingwater 1987
7Heat1981
6 Heat1980/89
8 Steam 1982
2Gas
1972
19 Sludge
17 Waste water 1995
1 Surface water 1961
3Surface
water1973
14 Tech.water 1991
18 Drain water 1995
1998Waste water
treatment
20Fly
Ash1999
Collaboration with Noveren
21 Deionized water 2002
Purifica-tion
of water22Water2004
Recovery of nickeland vanadium
Pig farms
The Symbiosis Activities Kalundborg Symbiosis Institute 45
INDUSTRIAL SYMBIOSIS: STATUS 2006
The Symbiosis Institute1996
SoilremLakeTissø
Novozymes
Novo Nordisk
Farms
Fish farm
AsnæsPower Station
The Municipalityof Kalundborg
Gyproc
Fertilizer industry
Re-usebasin
Cementindustry
StatoilRefinery
10 Surface water 1987
12Yeastslurry1989
4Biomass/NovoGro1976
13 Sulphur 1990Fertilizer 2001
5 Fly ash1979
16 Gypsum 1993
9 Steam 1982
15 Gas 1992
11 Coolingwater 1987
7Heat1981
6 Heat1980/89
8 Steam 1982
2Gas
1972
19 Sludge
17 Waste water 1995
1 Surface water 1961
3Surface
water1973
14 Tech.water 1991
18 Drain water 1995
1998Waste water
treatment
20Fly
Ash1999
Collaboration with Noveren
21 Deionized water 2002
Purifica-tion
of water22Water2004
Recovery of nickeland vanadium
Pig farms
23Alko-holicResidue2006
The Symbiosis Activities Kalundborg Symbiosis Institute 46
INDUSTRIAL SYMBIOSIS: STATUS 2007
The Symbiosis Institute1996
RSG 90LakeTissø
Novozymes
Novo Nordisk
Farms
Fish farm
AsnæsPower Station
The Municipalityof Kalundborg
Gyproc
Fertilizer industry
Re-usebasin
Cementindustry
StatoilRefinery
10 Surface water 1987
12Yeastslurry1989
4Biomass/NovoGro1976
13 Sulphur 1990Fertilizer 2001
5 Fly ash1979
16 Gypsum 1993
9 Steam 1982
15 Gas 1992
11 Coolingwater 1987
7Heat1981
6 Heat1980/89
8 Steam 1982
2Gas
1972
19 Sludge
17 Waste water 1995
1 Surface water 1961
3Surface
water1973
14 Tech.water 1991
18 Drain water 1995
1998Waste water
treatment
20Fly
Ash1999
Collaboration with KARA/Noveren
21 Deionized water 2002
Purifica-tion
of water22Water200424 Sea water 2007
Recovery of nickeland vanadium
Pig farms
23Alko-holicResidue2006
The Symbiosis Activities Kalundborg Symbiosis Institute 47
TOTAL SYMBIOSIS SYSTEM 2007
The Symbiosis Institute1996
RSG 90LakeTissø
Novozymes
Novo Nordisk
Farms
Fish farm
AsnæsPower Station
The Municipalityof Kalundborg
Gyproc
Fertilizer industry
Re-usebasin
Cementindustry
StatoilRefinery
10 Surface water 1987
12Yeastslurry1989
4Biomass/NovoGro1976
13 Sulphur 1990Fertilizer 2001
5 Fly ash1979
16 Gypsum 1993
9 Steam 1982
15 Gas 1992
11 Coolingwater 1987
7Heat1981
6 Heat1980/89
8 Steam 1982
2Gas
1972
19 Sludge
17 Waste water 1995
1 Surface water 1961
3Surface
water1973
14 Tech.water 1991
18 Drain water 1995
1998Waste water
treatment
20Fly
Ash1999
Collaboration with KARA/Noveren
21 Deionized water 2002
Purifica-tion
of water22Water200424 Sea water 2007
Recovery of nickeland vanadium
Pig farms
23Alko-holicResidue2006
The Symbiosis Activities Kalundborg Symbiosis Institute 48
WHY KALUNDBORG?
• The industrial potential existed:Several large industriesLimited physical distances”A good fit”
• The economic incentive existed• There were no legal barriers• The communication was good
The Symbiosis Activities Kalundborg Symbiosis Institute 49
Industrial Symbiosis
What has been achieved?
• Environmental aspects
• Economic aspects
• Social aspects
The Symbiosis Activities Kalundborg Symbiosis Institute 50
Environmental aspect
Resource savings.
Examples:• Ground water …………….... 1,9 mill. m3/year• Surface water ……………… 1,0 mill. m3/year• Natural gypsum ……………. 200,000 tonnes/year• Oil ………………………………20,000 tonnes/year
Reduction of emissions to water and air. E.g. 240.000 t CO2 per year.
The Symbiosis Activities Kalundborg Symbiosis Institute 51
Economic aspects
Economic Results (as of 1998):
Total investments in 18 projects: ~ 75 mio. US$
Annual savings: > 15 mio. US$
Total savings until 1998: ~ 160 mio. US$
The economic results is much better to-day!
The Symbiosis Activities Kalundborg Symbiosis Institute 52
The Industrial Symbiosis
Lessons to be learned from Kalundborg:
• The Kalundborg I.S. is a spontaneously developed network, - a bottom-up, not a top-down phenomenon.
• Economy was the initial incentive, - environmental idealism came later.
• Communication is more important than technology.• Kalundborg has been used as a model for other IS
projects.
The Symbiosis Activities Kalundborg Symbiosis Institute 53
Industrial Symbiosis
Industrial Symbiosis was relatively new in the 1960-ties and is common know-ledge to-day.
The systematic use of the Industrial Symbiosis concept as i Kalundborg has been exported/copied in other countries and industrial parks, but is still not common practise in industrial parks.
The Symbiosis Activities Kalundborg Symbiosis Institute 54
Industrial Park Development
Advantages of the Industrial Symbiosis approach:
• Common values for all participants• Share facilities (power, water, waste water, solid
waste)• Share experiences and R&D capacity• Common reputation higher responsibilities• A tool for regional development
The Symbiosis Activities Kalundborg Symbiosis Institute 55
Industrial Symbiosis in other countries
• Europoort in Rotterdam, initiated 1994 • Puerto Rico, ~2002 • China, Korea and other countries - numerous “Eco-
industrial parks”, 2001 onw. • NISP, United Kingdom, 2003 onw. – a national
approach
The Symbiosis Activities Kalundborg Symbiosis Institute 56
What makes Industrial Symbiosis a success?
What is needed to implement, successfully,symbiosis among private industries?
• Awareness
• Willingness
• Feasibility
The Symbiosis Activities Kalundborg Symbiosis Institute 57
Lessons learnt
Systems makes it possible –
People makes it happen!
The Symbiosis Activities Kalundborg Symbiosis Institute 58
How to avoid failures?
• Communication among the partners is the key to success. Get the potential partners on speaking terms from the very beginning.
• Create ownership to the Symbiosis among the partners. Let the technical planning be done by the people in the industries, not by government or consultants.
• Bottom-up versus Top-down methods. Top-down approaches tend to create resistance, but may be necessary to initiate actions.
The Symbiosis Activities Kalundborg Symbiosis Institute 59
Thank you!
The Industrial Symbiosis 8 In cooperation with nature