Sylvie Fleury. Serie ELA 75/K (Plumpity ...Plump). 2000.Gold-plated shopping cart, plexiglas handle with vinyl text, rotating

pedestal (mirror, aluminum, motor). 32-3/4 x 37-3/4 x 21-5/8 in.Courtesy of the artist and Galerie Eva Presenhuber, Zurich. [Fig. 3-1]

Installation view of Giorgio Armani exhibition at the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York. October, 20, 2000–January, 17, 2001.

Photograph by Ellen Labenski © The Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation, New York. [Fig. 3-2]

Robert Mapplethorpe. Ajitto. 1981.Gelatin silver print. 30 x 40 in.

© 1981 Estate of Robert Mapplethorpe. [Fig. 3-3]

Chris Ofili. The Holy Virgin Mary. 1996.Paper collage, oil paint, glitter, polyester, resin, map pins, and elephant

dung on linen.8 × 6 ft.

Photo: Diane Bondareff/AP World Wide Photos. [Fig. 3-4]

Edouard Manet. Luncheon on the Grass (Le Déjeuner sur l’herbe). 1863.Oil on canvas. 7 ft. × 8 ft. 10 in. (2.13 × 2.6 m).

Réunion des Musées Nationaux / Art Resource, NY. [Fig. 3-5]

Marcantonio Raimondi. The Judgment of Paris (detail). c. 1488–1530.Oil engraving, after Raphael. Clipped impression, Plate line. 11-5/8 × 17-

1/4 in.Image copyright © The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Image source: Art

Resource, NY. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY, U.S.A., Rogers Fund, 1919. (19.74.1). [Fig. 3-6]

Marcel Duchamp. Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2. 1912.Oil on canvas. 58 × 35 in.

The Philadelphia Museum of Art / Art Resource, NY. Art © 2012 Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York/ADAGP, Paris/Succession Marcel Duchamp.

[Fig. 3-7]

Etienne-Jules Marey. Man Walking in Black Suit with White Stripe Down Sides. 1883.

Collection Musee Marey, Beaune, France, photograph by Jean-Claude Couval. [Fig. 3-8]

Maya Lin. Vietnam Memorial, Washington, D.C. 1982.Polished black granite. length 492 ft.Mark Wilson/Getty Images. [Fig. 3-9]

Alexander Calder. La Grand Vitesse. 1969.Painted steel plate. 43 × 55 ft.

© 2012 Calder Foundation, New York/Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York. Calder Plaza, Vandenberg Center, Grand Rapids, Michigan. © John Corriveau,

all rights reserved. [Fig. 3-10]

Richard Serra. Tilted Arc. 1981.Cor-Ten steel. 12 ft. × 120 ft. × 2-1/2 in.

© 2012 Richard Serra/Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York. [Fig. 3-11]

Michelangelo. David (copy of original). 1501–1504.Copy of the original as it stands in the Piazza dellaSignoria, Florence. Original in the Galleria dell’Accademia, Florence. Marble. height 13 ft. 5

in.© Bill Ross / CORBIS. [Fig. 3-12]

Guillermo Gómez-Peña and Roberto Sifuentes. The Cruci-fiction Project. 1994.

Photo: Victor Zaballa. Courtesy of Headlands Center for the Arts. [Fig. 3-13]

Guillermo Gómez-Peña and Coco Fusco. Two Undiscovered Amerindians Visit London. 5/1/1992.

Site-specific performance, London, England. Photograph by Peter Barker. [Fig. 3-14]

Guillermo Gómez-Peña and Roberto Sifuentes. The Temple of Confessions. 1994.

Site-specific performance, Detroit Institute of the Arts, 1994. Photograph by Dirk Bakker. [Fig. 3-15]

Krzysztof Wodiczko. Homeless Vehicle. 1988.Preliminary drawing showing vehicle in washing, sleeping, and resting

position (day).Courtesy of the Artist and Galerie Lelong, New York. [Fig. 3-16]

Krzysztof Wodiczko. Homeless Vehicle in New York City. 1988-1989.Color photograph.

Courtesy of the artist and Galerie Lelong, New York. [Fig. 3-17]

Suzanne Lacy and Leslie Labowitz. In Mourning and in Rage. 1978.Photo by Maria Karras. Courtesy Suzanne Lacy. [Fig. 3-18]

Suzanne Lacy. Whisper, the Waves, the Wind. 1993-1994.Courtesy of the Artist. [Fig. 3-19]