PHONETICS

Syllables and Stress

BOOKS

1. Peter Roach, English phonetics and phonology, Cambridge University Press

2. Anna Mańkowska, Marta Nowacka, Magdalena Kłoczowska, How Much Wood Would a Woodchuck Chuck? English pronunciation practice book, Konsorcjum Akademickie. Kraków-Rzeszów-Zamość

3. Ann Baker, Ship or Sheep? An intermediate pronunciation course, Cambridge University Press

WHAT IS A SYLLABLE?

WHAT IS A SYLLABLE?

• Onset – what comes before the peak

• Peak – little or no obstruction of air flow – usually a vowel

• Coda – what comes after the peak.

WHAT IS A SYLLABLE?

• are – or – err

• bar – key – more

• am – ought – ease

• run – sat – fill

SYLLABLE DIVISION

’extra’

SYLLABLE DIVISION

’extra’

e+kstrə

SYLLABLE DIVISION

’extra’

e+kstrəek+strə

SYLLABLE DIVISION

’extra’

e+kstrəek+strə

eks+trə

SYLLABLE DIVISION

’extra’

e+kstrəek+strə

eks+trəekst+rə

SYLLABLE DIVISION

’extra’

e+kstrəek+strə

eks+trəekst+rə

ekstr+ə

ONSETS

CODAS

Possible pre-final consonants: m, n, ŋ, l, s

Possible final consonants: all except h, r, w, j

Possible post-final consonants: s, z, t, d, θ

CODAS

SYLLABLE STRUCTURE

SYLLABLE TYPES

Strong

Weak

WEAK SYLLABLES

Unstressed

Four types of peak: schwa (ə) close front unrounded vowel (i:/ɪ) > (i) close back rounded vowel (u:/ʊ) > (u) syllabic consonant

SYLLABIC CONSONANTS

l n ŋ m r

STRESS

A stressed syllable combines five features: It is l o n g e r It is LOUDER It has a change in pitch (upwards) It is said more clearly (compared with

weak syllables) It uses larger facial movements

After: http://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/print/423

STRESS

Stressing the wrong syllable in a word can make the word very difficult to hear and understand; for example, try saying the following words:

And now in a sentence:"I carried the b'tell to the hottle.„

Now reverse the stress patterns for the two words and you should be able to make sense of the sentence!"I carried the bottle to the hotel.„

After: http://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/print/423

o O b'tell

O o hottle

STRESS

Stressing a word differently can change the meaning or type of the word:

"They will desert* the desert** by tomorrow." :

After: http://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/print/423

o Odesert*

O odesert**

HEARING THE STRESS

HEARING THE STRESS

Tap-Tap method

HOMEWORK

SOME MORE RESOURCES

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SjbG85eMqkU&list=PLGft2A7EKACIuWP1xSCycyLe0uZPcMMQf&index=2 [middle part]

http://www.multimedia-english.com/phonetics/beats-and-rhythm

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WX1rrFh4OZw