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OT and syllable typology Some languages allow onsets and codas, or neither and don't epenthesize or delete (English) Some languages allow onsets and codas, or neither and don't epenthesize or delete (English) CV, VC, CVC, V CV, VC, CVC, V How are ONSET, NO CODA, FAITH ranked in English? How are ONSET, NO CODA, FAITH ranked in English? FAITH >> NO CODA >> ONSET FAITH >> NO CODA >> ONSET V, CV permitted V, CV permitted FAITH >> ONSET >> NO CODA FAITH >> ONSET >> NO CODA CV, CVC permitted CV, CVC permitted
Citation preview
ConstraintsConstraints
ONSET-syllables have an onsetONSET-syllables have an onset NO CODA-syllables have not codaNO CODA-syllables have not coda FAITH-same phones in input and output (no FAITH-same phones in input and output (no
deletion or epenthsis)deletion or epenthsis)
OT and syllable typologyOT and syllable typology
Some languages allow onsets and codas, or Some languages allow onsets and codas, or neither, and don't epenthesize or delete neither, and don't epenthesize or delete (English)(English) CV, VC, CVC, VCV, VC, CVC, V
How are ONSET, NO CODA, FAITH ranked in How are ONSET, NO CODA, FAITH ranked in English?English?
OT and syllable typologyOT and syllable typology
Some languages allow onsets and codas, or Some languages allow onsets and codas, or neither and don't epenthesize or delete (English)neither and don't epenthesize or delete (English) CV, VC, CVC, VCV, VC, CVC, V
How are ONSET, NO CODA, FAITH ranked in How are ONSET, NO CODA, FAITH ranked in English?English?
FAITH >> NO CODA >> ONSETFAITH >> NO CODA >> ONSET V, CV permittedV, CV permitted
FAITH >> ONSET >> NO CODAFAITH >> ONSET >> NO CODA CV, CVC permittedCV, CVC permitted
OT and syllable typologyOT and syllable typology
Some languages must have an onset and can Some languages must have an onset and can hae codas as well. They don't epenthesize or hae codas as well. They don't epenthesize or delete (Arabic)delete (Arabic) CV, CVC, *V, *VCCV, CVC, *V, *VC
How are ONSET, NO CODA, FAITH ranked in How are ONSET, NO CODA, FAITH ranked in Arabic?Arabic?
OT and syllable typologyOT and syllable typology
Some languages must have an onset and can Some languages must have an onset and can hae codas as well. They don't epenthesize or hae codas as well. They don't epenthesize or delete (Arabic)delete (Arabic) CV, CVC, *V, *VCCV, CVC, *V, *VC
How are ONSET, NO CODA, FAITH ranked in How are ONSET, NO CODA, FAITH ranked in Arabic?Arabic?
ONSET >> FAITH >> NO CODAONSET >> FAITH >> NO CODA CV, CVC allowed, *V, *VCCV, CVC allowed, *V, *VC
OT and syllable typologyOT and syllable typology
Some languages only allow CV, and they don't Some languages only allow CV, and they don't epenthesize or delete (Senufo)epenthesize or delete (Senufo) CV, *CVC, *V, *VCCV, *CVC, *V, *VC
How are ONSET, NO CODA, FAITH ranked in How are ONSET, NO CODA, FAITH ranked in Senufo?Senufo?
OT and syllable typologyOT and syllable typology
Some languages only allow CV, and they don't Some languages only allow CV, and they don't epenthesize or delete (Senufo)epenthesize or delete (Senufo) CV, *CVC, *V, *VCCV, *CVC, *V, *VC
How are ONSET, NO CODA, FAITH ranked in How are ONSET, NO CODA, FAITH ranked in Senufo?Senufo?
ONSET >> NO CODA >> FAITHONSET >> NO CODA >> FAITH CV permitted, *CVC, *V, *VCCV permitted, *CVC, *V, *VC
NO CODA >> ONSET >> FAITHNO CODA >> ONSET >> FAITH CV permitted, *CVC, *V, *VCCV permitted, *CVC, *V, *VC
OT and syllable typologyOT and syllable typology
Some languages allow onsets no codas, and Some languages allow onsets no codas, and epenthesize input (Hawaiian)epenthesize input (Hawaiian) CV, VCV, V Merry Christmas > Mele KalikimakaMerry Christmas > Mele Kalikimaka
How are ONSET, NO CODA, FAITH ranked in How are ONSET, NO CODA, FAITH ranked in Hawaiian?Hawaiian?
OT and syllable typologyOT and syllable typology
Some languages allow onsets no codas, and Some languages allow onsets no codas, and epenthesize input (Hawaiian)epenthesize input (Hawaiian) CV, V, *VC, *VCVCV, V, *VC, *VCV Merry Christmas > Mele KalikimakaMerry Christmas > Mele Kalikimaka
How are ONSET, NO CODA, FAITH ranked in How are ONSET, NO CODA, FAITH ranked in Hawaiian?Hawaiian?
NO CODA >> FAITH >> ONSETNO CODA >> FAITH >> ONSET
OT and syllable typologyOT and syllable typology
No language only allows only V, VCNo language only allows only V, VC No language only allows VC, CVCNo language only allows VC, CVC
OT and syllable typologyOT and syllable typology
No language only allows only V, VCNo language only allows only V, VC No language only allows VC, CVCNo language only allows VC, CVC What constraint ranking allows this?What constraint ranking allows this?
OT and syllable typologyOT and syllable typology
No language only allows only V, VCNo language only allows only V, VC No language only allows VC, CVCNo language only allows VC, CVC What constraint ranking allows this?What constraint ranking allows this? There are six possible rankingsThere are six possible rankings
OT and syllable typologyOT and syllable typology
No language only allows only V, VCNo language only allows only V, VC No language only allows VC, CVCNo language only allows VC, CVC What constraint ranking allows this?What constraint ranking allows this? There are six possible rankingsThere are six possible rankings No ranking predicts thisNo ranking predicts this This is because the constraints are inborn and This is because the constraints are inborn and
rankings are language specificrankings are language specific Evidence that these constraints are “real”Evidence that these constraints are “real”
OT and morphologyOT and morphology
Tagalog has an affix Tagalog has an affix umum aral aral um-aralum-aral teachteach sulatsulat s-um-ulats-um-ulat writewrite gradwetgradwet gr-um-adwetgr-um-adwet graduategraduate
NO CODANO CODA PREFIX (L PREFIX (L umum) ) UmUm goes on the Left edge of the goes on the Left edge of the
wordword NO CODA >> PREFIX (L um)NO CODA >> PREFIX (L um)
OT and morphologyOT and morphology
OT and morphologyOT and morphology
ONSETONSET PREFIX (L red) The reduplacate morpheme is PREFIX (L red) The reduplacate morpheme is
places on the left edge of a wordplaces on the left edge of a word
OT and morphologyOT and morphology
ONSETONSET PREFIX (L red) The reduplacate morpheme is PREFIX (L red) The reduplacate morpheme is
places on the left edge of a wordplaces on the left edge of a word
OT and phonologyOT and phonology
What is the phonological process here?What is the phonological process here?
What are the input stem morphemes?What are the input stem morphemes?
OT and phonologyOT and phonology
What is the phonological process here?What is the phonological process here?– voicingvoicing
What are the input stem morphemes?What are the input stem morphemes?– tu:b-, tog-, ra:k-, hi:p-tu:b-, tog-, ra:k-, hi:p-
OT and phonologyOT and phonology
SHARE (voi)SHARE (voi) Adjacent morphemes must have Adjacent morphemes must have same voicingsame voicing
IDENT (voi) Phones must have same input and IDENT (voi) Phones must have same input and output voicingoutput voicing
What is the ranking (which is violated?)What is the ranking (which is violated?)
OT and phonologyOT and phonology
SHARE (voi)SHARE (voi) Adjacent morphemes must have Adjacent morphemes must have same voicingsame voicing
IDENT (voi) Phones must have same input and IDENT (voi) Phones must have same input and output voicingoutput voicing
What is the ranking (which is violated?)What is the ranking (which is violated?)– SHARE >> INDENTSHARE >> INDENT
OT and phonologyOT and phonology
SHARE (voi)SHARE (voi) Adjacent morphemes must have Adjacent morphemes must have same voicingsame voicing
IDENT (voi) Phones must have same input and IDENT (voi) Phones must have same input and output voicingoutput voicing
hi:p-dʒi SHARE IDENT
hi:p-dʒi *!
> hi:b-dʒi *
tu:b-tan SHARE IDENT
> tu:p-tan *
tu:b-tan *!
OT and phonologyOT and phonology
SHARE (voi)SHARE (voi) Adjacent morphemes must have Adjacent morphemes must have same voicingsame voicing
IDENT (voi) Phones must have same input and IDENT (voi) Phones must have same input and output voicingoutput voicing
hi:p-dʒi SHARE IDENT
hi:p-dʒi
> hi:b-dʒi
tu:b-tan SHARE IDENT
> tu:p-tan *
tu:b-tan *!
OT and phonologyOT and phonology
SHARE (voi)SHARE (voi) Adjacent morphemes must have Adjacent morphemes must have same voicingsame voicing
IDENT (voi) Phones must have same input and IDENT (voi) Phones must have same input and output voicingoutput voicing
hi:p-dʒi SHARE IDENT
hi:p-dʒi *!
> hi:b-dʒi *
tu:b-tan SHARE IDENT
> tu:p-tan *
tu:b-tan *!
German DevoicingGerman Devoicing
IDENT (voi) Inputs and outputs have same IDENT (voi) Inputs and outputs have same voicingvoicing
*[+voiced]# Voiced consonants not allowed *[+voiced]# Voiced consonants not allowed word finallyword finally
Fill out table:Fill out table: tu:gend
tu:gent
du:gent
tu:gend
du:gend
German DevoicingGerman Devoicing
IDENT (voi) Inputs and outputs have same IDENT (voi) Inputs and outputs have same voicingvoicing
*[+voiced]# Voiced consonants not allowed *[+voiced]# Voiced consonants not allowed word finallyword finally
Fill out table:Fill out table: tu:gend *[+voiced]# IDENT (voi)
tu:gent *
du:gent **!
tu:gend *!
du:gend *! *
ConstraintsConstraints
Can you make up anything as a constraint?Can you make up anything as a constraint?– They are supposed to be phonetically basedThey are supposed to be phonetically based– They are supposed to be universalThey are supposed to be universal
• Example: word final devoicingExample: word final devoicing– Occurs in many unrelated languagesOccurs in many unrelated languages– Occurs in acquisition of many languages that don't Occurs in acquisition of many languages that don't
devoicedevoice
ConstraintsConstraints
Kids apply processes to languageKids apply processes to language– Coda deletionCoda deletion
• Book > [pa]Book > [pa]– EpenthesisEpenthesis
• Moon > [mMoon > [mənə]ənə]– Cluster simplificationCluster simplification
• Block > [bak]Block > [bak]
ConstraintsConstraints
Kids apply processes to languageKids apply processes to language– Coda deletionCoda deletion
• Book > [pa]Book > [pa]– EpenthesisEpenthesis
• Moon > [mMoon > [mənə]ənə]– Cluster simplificationCluster simplification
• Block > [bak]Block > [bak] All of them have same output: Make CV All of them have same output: Make CV
syllables (NO CODA)syllables (NO CODA)
English PluralsEnglish Plurals
Three allomorphs:Three allomorphs:– -s, -z, --s, -z, -ɨzɨz– cat[s], dog[z], bush[ɨz]cat[s], dog[z], bush[ɨz]
English PluralsEnglish Plurals
Three allomorphs:Three allomorphs:– -s, -z, --s, -z, -ɨzɨz– cat[s], dog[z], bush[ɨz]cat[s], dog[z], bush[ɨz]
Rule approachRule approach– Voicing assimilationVoicing assimilation– Epenthesis of ɨ after stridents like [ʃ, s, ʤ]Epenthesis of ɨ after stridents like [ʃ, s, ʤ]
English PluralsEnglish Plurals
URUR cat[z]cat[z] dog[z]dog[z] bush[z]bush[z] EpenthesisEpenthesis –– –– bush[bush[ɨz]ɨz] AssimilationAssimilation cat[s]cat[s] –– ----
English PluralsEnglish Plurals
FAITH (voi): Voicing must be same in input and FAITH (voi): Voicing must be same in input and outputoutput
FAITHV:FAITHV: Vowels in input and output must be Vowels in input and output must be identicalidentical
*[+strident][+strident]: No two adjacent stridents *[+strident][+strident]: No two adjacent stridents allowedallowed
SHARE (voi): Adjacent consonants must have SHARE (voi): Adjacent consonants must have same voicingsame voicing
English PluralsEnglish Plurals
FAITH (voi): Voicing must be same in input and FAITH (voi): Voicing must be same in input and outputoutput
FAITHV:FAITHV: Vowels in input and output must be Vowels in input and output must be identicalidentical
*[+strident][+strident]: No two adjacent stridents *[+strident][+strident]: No two adjacent stridents allowedallowed
SHARE (voi): Adjacent consonants must have same SHARE (voi): Adjacent consonants must have same voicingvoicing
What is the ranking?What is the ranking?
English PluralsEnglish Plurals FAITH (voi): Voicing must be same in input and outputFAITH (voi): Voicing must be same in input and output
FAITHV:FAITHV: Vowels in input and output must be identicalVowels in input and output must be identical
*[+strident][+strident]: No two adjacent stridents allowed*[+strident][+strident]: No two adjacent stridents allowed
SHARE (voi): Adjacent consonants must have same voicingSHARE (voi): Adjacent consonants must have same voicing
bush[z]
bush[z]
bush[s]
bush[ɨz]
cat[z]
cat[z]
cat[s]
cat[ɨz]
English PluralsEnglish Plurals FAITH (voi): Voicing must be same in input and outputFAITH (voi): Voicing must be same in input and output
FAITHV:FAITHV: Vowels in input and output must be identicalVowels in input and output must be identical
*[+strident][+strident]: No two adjacent stridents allowed*[+strident][+strident]: No two adjacent stridents allowed
SHARE (voi): Adjacent consonants must have same voicingSHARE (voi): Adjacent consonants must have same voicing
SHARE (voi), *[+strident][+strident] >> FAITHV, FAITH (voi)SHARE (voi), *[+strident][+strident] >> FAITHV, FAITH (voi)
bush[z] SHARE (voi) *[+strident][+strident]
FAITHV FAITH(voi)
bush[z]
bush[s]
bush[ɨz]
cat[z]
cat[z]
cat[s]
cat[ɨz]
English PluralsEnglish Plurals FAITH (voi): Voicing must be same in input and outputFAITH (voi): Voicing must be same in input and output
FAITHV:FAITHV: Vowels in input and output must be identicalVowels in input and output must be identical
*[+strident][+strident]: No two adjacent stridents allowed*[+strident][+strident]: No two adjacent stridents allowed
SHARE (voi): Adjacent consonants must have same voicingSHARE (voi): Adjacent consonants must have same voicing
SHARE (voi), *[+strident][+strident] >> FAITHV, FAITH (voi)SHARE (voi), *[+strident][+strident] >> FAITHV, FAITH (voi)
bush[z] SHARE (voi) *[+strident][+strident]
FAITHV FAITH(voi)
bush[z] *! *
bush[s] *! *
>bush[ɨz] *
cat[z] *!
>cat[s] *
cat[ɨz] *!