Swabi Report(Final)

Behavior change communication Plan for House Hold water Treatment & Hygiene Promotion Project

Behavior change communication Plan for House

Hold water Treatment & Hygiene Promotion Project Tehsil Lahor District Swabi

Reported by: Asad Ali Shah

Rural Development Initiative (RID) Phase-2 Sector H Street # 11, House # 145 Hayat Abad ar Pakistan Peshaw Tel: +92 91 5828318 E-mail: [email protected]

Rural Development Initiative (RID) 1


Contents Detail

S.No Table Of Contents Page No

1 Introduction To RID 3 - 3

2 Developmental Approach 4 - 4

3 District Swabi an Overview 5 – 6

4 Mission Statements 7 – 7

5 Project Detail and Objectives 8 – 9

6 Project Key targets & Methodology 10 – 10

7 Project Activities & Detail 11 – 13

8 Health & hygiene Session 14 – 16

9 Session Training Overview 17 – 17

10 Out Comes 17 – 18

11 CONSTRAINTS 18 – 18

12 Monitoring and follow-up visits 19 – 19

13 Ground Achievements 19 – 19

14 Conclusion 19 – 20

15 RECOMMENDATIONS

20 - 20

16 Annex 21 – 21




Introduction to RID RID stands for Rural Development Initiative- a Non Profit Civil Society Organization founded in 2008 and registered with Registrar Firms & Societies under Society’s Registration Act 1860. More specifically RID is founded to play its role in the following broad areas: Promotion of Rights Based Approaches to Programming in:

o Health Sector o Water Supply and Sanitation Sector o Education Sector o Local government Sector o Policing/ Law & Order and access to justice sector o Gender Aspects

Our Developmental Vision Community & School Water and Sanitation Activities Participatory and human rights based approach to development Behavioral changes and communication to identify and target

vulnerable practices for a sustainable development Develop models of participatory civil and environment planning, design,

management and implementation Child Protection & and empowerment of vulnerable communities through

easy access to justice etc; Environmental Planning, and Monitoring Institutional Capacity Building; Gender Sensitive Project Planning and Implementation.

RID Activities Portfolio

Needs Assessment Surveys (Host Families) in the communities where FATA

IDP’s have been living with their relatives and other family friends Distribution of NF’Is among the needy Host Families in Peshawar being funded

by the local charity Distribution of NFI’s among the IDP’s living in Kacha Gari Camp being funded by

the local charity Health Hygiene related awareness raising and education for IDP’s camps set up

in NWFP for the affectee’s of War of Terror in FATA funded by the Organization’s Board of Directors

A Free Medical Camp for the IDP’s of Kacha Garhi Camp funded from the funds generated by the organization from local charity

Repair and maintenance of WASH facilities for IDP’s Jalozai camp, small-scale funding by UNICEF

Distribution of NFI’s among the IDP’s living in Jalozai camp funded by UNICEF


Developmental Approach

Rural Development Initiative

Capacity building

Participatory approach

Development

Emergency response

Workshops

Seminars

Active learning method

Trainings




District Swabi-An Overview

The History of Swabi

Swabi district is located in the North West Frontier Province of Pakistan. Swabi lies between the Indus and Kabul rivers, in the North West frontier (NWFP) of Pakistan. Swabi is the fourth most populous district of NWFP with Yousafzai clan of Pukhtoons as the predominant clan of this district. The History and culture of Swabi is very rich.

Swabi District was created on 1st July, 1988. Prior to that, it was a Tehsil of Mardan Distt since its creation in 1937.Until 1937; it remained a Tehsil under Peshawar Distt. Swabi is surrounded with big beautiful mountains on its north side, and mighty River Indus (Abaseen) with cold water running through on the south, irrigating its fertile land. Swabi is blessed with fertile agricultural land therefore most of the people are associated with agriculture.

Physical features and topography

1- Physical Feature:

The district may be divided into two parts, the northern hilly areas and the southern plain. The major part of these hills is in Gadoon area in the north-east. These are the continuation of the Mahaban hills. The other important hills are situated in north-western corner of the district. These are locally called as the Naranji hills. The height of these hills varies between 750 to 1400 meters above sea level.

There are also a few other small isolated hills. The most important of which is located south of swabi town. Other hills are in the south, along the border with Nowshera district, which are the part of Khattak hills, north of the Kabul River. From the foot of the hills. The plain runs down, at first with a steep slope, and then gently to the lower levels, towards the Kabul River. The lower southern half of the district has its slope towards the river Indus.

The plain area of the district is intersected by numerous streams and many smaller ravines. The important stream is the Narrangi Khawar, which flows from Narranji hills in a south-western direction joining the Kalapani stream in Mardan district. Another important stream is Badri Khawar which flows the north close to Swabi town and joins the Indus River near village Hund. The Indus River flows along the southern boundary of the district.

The arable soil of swabi district has developed either from river alluvium or loess plain. Texture of river alluvium ranges from sandy loam to loamy sand, loam approaching clay loam. The soil of loess plains ranges in texture from silt loam to salty clay loam or salty clay.



The soil is irrigated from general cropping with canals supplemented by well-irrigation. Some parts where irrigation is not feasible are used for dry-farming of wheat gram and groundnuts.

In addition the area shows some granite rocks and dolerites sills / dykes at places which have been given Permian to carboniferous age.

The district swabi is enriched in natural resources. Marble, Sandstone, Gravel are available in large quantity. The same are leased out to the interesting parties by the directorate of industries as per government policy and thus a lot of money is going to the public exchequer each year.

The limestone, Sandstone, and phyllite/ slates are common economic rocks of the area.

The limestone is used for crushers and road construction whereas the sandstone and

slates are used for houses

District Swabi located in the North West Frontier Province of Pakistan. District Swabi is spread on 1543 sq Kms. administratively divided into two tehsils i.e. Swabi and Lahor having 39 and 17 union councils each respectively. The over all population of District Swabi is 1083000 individuals with annual growth rate of 2.96% having density of 702 persons per/ km2.

What is Water???

Water is one of the basic needs of all kinds of life. With the rapid increase in the

global population this precious resource is facing severe shortage. According to a recent

estimate Earth’s population could grow by three billion in the next 50 to 75 years. Increase

in number of thirstier people means even greater demand on already-scarce resources

and, paradoxically, a greater chance that existing water sources will become polluted.

Many of the world’s major aquifers are being over-pumped, and in some river basins

governments have allocated more water than is actually available.

Freshwater resources are also feeling the squeeze from Mother Nature. There is high

seasonal and annual variability of rainfall and snowmelt, and the resulting stream flow, in

many regions. Climate change could spell the end of some critical—but nonrenewable—

water sources like snowmelt. Coastal dwellers may see their groundwater tainted by

brackish flows as sea levels rise. Other barriers to a safe and secure drinking water supply

may include an absence of local expertise in the construction and maintenance of water

systems, a lack of the necessary financial resources for their construction, wars and other

conflicts, and natural disasters.



Much of the freshwater available is contaminated by natural or human causes. Untreated

waste, industrial refuse, pesticides, and other pollutants inundate waters and make them

not just dirty but deadly. Water-related diseases cause millions of fatalities every year

especially Diarrhea among children’s under 5 years of age. The world is running out of

potable water and a major policy initiative to guarantee freshwater as a human right is

required.

MISSION STATEMENT In compliance to it’s over all objectives of Water, Environment and Sanitation Program with

core focus on women and children, UNICEF under its AWP 2009 intends to strengthen the

government programs of social development for achieving the set MDG’s through

promotion of hygiene and sanitation practices and safe water management. Under the

WES program objectives the UNICEF has planned for intervention through implementing

Hygiene promotion and improved sanitation practices providing support to communities

through awareness rising, capacity building and trainings and community mobilization in

District Swabi. Situation of WATSAN at District Swabi required intensive attention for

improvement. Household surveys indicate that 35% of the population has access to a

latrine, with 95% access to latrines in urban areas and 40% in rural areas. However data

from the 2001/2 NWFP Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) suggests that as many as

half of these latrines may be unsanitary. A tradition of ‘open defecation’ in rural areas

means that even if latrines are present in the home they are not always used. In addition,

the coverage of latrines in public places is poor.

Though the district boasted relatively fair WATSAN statistics, but again they were far from

good level. Less than 60% populations have access to safe drinking water and less than

40% sanitation coverage in the target area calls for corrective measures. United Nations International Children Education Fund (UNICEF) launched a project aiming to

promote “Community Hygiene Promotion” in (4) Union Council’s of Tehsil Lahor District Swabi

namely (Yar Hussain East, Yar Hussain West, Dhobian & Sard Chena) UNICF is intended to

enhance the effectiveness and sustainability as well to improve community Hygiene statistics of

District Swabi. These interventions through complementary Hygiene and Sanitation activities,

community mobilization and through diverse capacity building and monitoring and evaluation

activities.



The UNICEF funded project will:

• Strengthens the GOP Drinking Water Programs through promotion of Hygiene and

Sanitation practices and safe water management.

• Provide support to communities via local government and non-governmental organizations

(through Capacity building and Hygiene and Sanitation promotion, Community

Mobilization, Planning, Cost recovery and Water Resources Management).

• Provide a comprehensive review of water treatment and water quality testing technologies for

use at the community.

Report Rationale RID with the support of UNICEF plans to implement this PCA “Community Hygiene

Promotion” with a view to prevent and reduce the incidence of water and sanitation related

diseases among such 10000 HH’s (60,000 individuals approx) in Tehsil lahor of District

Swabi. This WASH intervention is designed to mobiles the community over safe drinking

water and its management, proper usage and importance of latrine as safe hygiene

practices. The Community Hygiene Promotion intervention in target area will be within the

framework of the UNICEF core commitments for children and women.

Water Sanitation & Hygiene (WASH) is a UNICEF funded project which intends to strengthen the

capacity of the communities and departments through awareness about Hygiene & Hygiene

importance and safe water handling at House Hold level. The project also intends to build capacity

of the communities via local government and non governmental organizations through interpersonal

communication plan as well conducting Health & Hygiene sessions with community members.

Hygiene and Sanitation promotion, Community mobilization, planning, cost recovery and water

resources management. Rural Development Initiative (RID) was assigned the WASH, Community

Hygiene Promotion component for implementation in (4) Four Union Council’s of Tehsil Lahor

District Swabi. The project initiated on March 2009. The project targeted (10,000 House Hold’s)

(60,000 Individuals Approx) of Tehsil Lahor District Swabi. Comprising Male, Female and

Children’s. Approximately (6) individuals living in close vicinity of each house additionally benefit



from the project interventions. This means a total No. of 60,000 individuals were indirectly

beneficiaries.

Project Objectives The proposed intervention involves hardware and software components including provision of information using cohesive and effective IEC strategy for rehabilitation of drinking water and sanitation (latrines, bathing /hand washing) facilities and awareness sessions on safe hygiene practices. The key activities to be undertaken to achieve the project objectives and ensure active involvement and ownership of relevant partners/stakeholders and project sustainability are as follows:

• Awareness Raising on safe drinking water to at least 5% of 10000 families (approx 60,000 individuals) in Tehsil Lahor District Swabi.

• Hygiene promotion including dissemination of messages on safe hygiene practices (latrine use, use of safe water and personal and domestic hygiene) through interpersonal communication (IPC) and interactive group sessions.

• Water quality testing.

• The main partners who will be actively involved in the project include:

• Local Government and Rural Development Department (LG&RDD): coordination, need assessment, permission to get connection from the source, assistance in execution of physical works, monitoring, provision of technical assistance and long-term operation/maintenance and its sustainability.

• Project implementation will ensure collaboration along with district authorities Civil and Works (C&W) department will be involved in construction activities for their technical assistance.

• Communities: need assessment/ identification, construction of water and sanitation facilities, hygiene promotion, monitoring, operation and maintenance of water and sanitation facilities

• Health Department: ensuring involvement of outreach workers and Health cluster partners in hygiene promotion and their availability for hygiene trainings

• WHO: ensuring involvement of environmental health team and other district support officers/outreach workers in hygiene promotion and their availability for hygiene trainings and water quality issues

• Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources: water quality monitoring

• UNICEF: provision of technical and financial assistance/supplies, monitoring and evaluation, coordination

• Development Partners (I/NGOs): coordination and ensuring that no duplication of efforts takes place


Project key targets (out puts) • 10000 families (60000 individuals) persons ( expected most of them women and

children) are sensitized and educated through interpersonal communication for

Behavioral change on Safe hygiene practices , importance and proper usage of

latrines

• 10000 families (60000 individual) were assessed and planned for interventions

for effective sensitization on Hygiene Promotion

• 10000 families (60000 individuals) persons ( expected most of them women and

children) are sensitized and educated through interpersonal communication for

Behavioral change on Safe hygiene practices , importance and proper usage of

latrines

• 5% of the target population are sensitized and at least understand and act upon

three key messages of Hygiene

Methodology

Planning and Designing of

project activities

Coordination meetings with stake holders

Health & Hygiene

sessions (IPC strategy)

Continues monitoring visits

of project activities

Capacity building of

volunteers & municipalities




Project Activities Hygiene awareness and hygienic behaviors had faced several renewals in the past

years. New ideas and technologies have been promoted to bring a change in behaviors of

the communities regarding hygiene conditions. The most effective, successful and

sustainable method introduced among them is using children’s as an agents of behavioral

change in the community. Surveys in the past proved that learning ability of children’s at

ages between (5 to 15) is at its maximum and inducing a behavioral change at that stage

may prove more effective rather than in lateral stages of their education. It is a famous

saying that a child mind is like a slate and can learn what ever you write and that is life-

lasting. Community hygiene promotion component was designed to educate and to create

awareness among all community members whether Male, Female and Children’s through

cohesive IPC strategy using children’s as changing agents. It mainly focuses promotion of

positive and Hygienic Behaviors among all community members and habits for risk

reduction that is basically the back-ground of this component. It was surveyed that in

Pakistan that major cause of diseases is frequent use of unsafe and contaminated water

and bad Hygiene practices.

Hygiene and sanitation statistics of District Swabi were not very satisfactory. RID has an

extensive experience in the use of participatory learning activities such as games,

exercises and group assignments through which targeted area acquire a wider range of

life-skills including those of Health and Hygiene. Considering the expertise of RID in the

sector and families with the targeted areas task of change behaviors of community

regarding Health and Hygiene through interpersonal communication and conducting Health

and Hygiene sessions in (4) Union Council’s of Tehsil Lahor District Swabi. District Swabi

was assigned to RID by UNICEF. The project was a soft-ware and Hard-ware activities

keeping in view the behavioral change regarding Health and Hygiene. Major project

interventions are as under:



Coordination with Stake-holders Continuous coordination meeting were conducted with concerned Departments before

and after the completion of the project. On different issues and concerns of the project

individual meetings were held with stake holders of relevant area and various

concerned departments at tehsil level. All work-plans were shared with them and finally

project interventions took place.

Project Activities (Health & Hygiene Sessions)

Community Sessions Using (IPC strategy)

According to project Coordination agreement RID was accountable for the software &

Hard- ware activities which were:-

• Hiring professional staff for Health & Hygiene promotion.

• Conducting Health & Hygiene sessions with community members.

• Regular follow-up and monitoring visits with coordination of UNICEF in intervened

Union Council’s after awareness raising sessions in (4) four UC’s of Tehsil Lahor

District Swabi i.e. (Yar Hussain East, Yar Hussain West, Dhobian and Sard Chena)

• Construction of latrines (where required) through CLTS approach.

• Hygiene Melas.

• Interactive theaters.

• Group Sessions.

• Water Quality Tests.

In this regard RID Hygiene Promoters conducted Health & Hygiene sessions with targeted

group in (4) four UC’s of Tehsil Lahor District Swabi.



Project Activities Detail

Rural Development Initiative (RID) Community Hygiene Promotion & Behavior Change Project

Tehsil Lahore District Swabi Targeted Union Councils: Yar Hussain (East & West), Sard Cheena & Dhobian

Progress Report from 24th March 2009 To 22nd July 2009

Targeted families Targeted Individuals

10,000 60,000 Target Achieved Hygiene Promotion (Male & Female)

Total Hygiene

Sessions (M &F) Total House Hold’s

Covered (M &F) Total Children’s

Covered Individuals Covered (M

& F)

640 10,000 5585 63,218 Male

Sessions Female

Sessions Male Female Boys Girls Male Female

262 378 3266 4354 1892 3693 20,616 27,017 Project Items Description

Assessment Survey Special Events KAP-Survey

(PRE) KAP-Survey (POST) Interactive Theaters Hygiene Mela's

Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved

1 1 1 1 4 4 2 2 House Hold's

Covered in Theaters House Hold's

Covered in Mela

1030 1350

Targeted Union Council's Intervened Union Council’s Yar Hussain (East & West) Sard Cheena & Dhobian

Yar Hussain (East), Sard Cheena, Dhobian & Yar Hussain (West)


Health & Hygiene Sessions

(640) Health & Hygiene sessions were conducted by RID Hygiene promoters with targeted

community members regarding promotion towards (Community Hygiene Promotion & House

Hold water handling/ Treatment) in Tehsil Lahor District Swabi, Project regular activities were

started in April 2009 and ended on 22nd July 2009.

Picture showing Male Hygiene Promoter

Conducted Health & Hygiene Session

using cohesive IPC strategy

Picture showing Female Hygiene Promoter

Conducting Health & Hygiene session using

Cohesive IPC strategy

Picture showing Male Hygiene Promoters Conducting session using CLTS approach



Picture showing Hygiene Promoters Conducting session using CLTS approach


Picture showing Hygiene Promoters sensitizing Community members on importance On Health & H

ygiene importance

icture showing Hygiene Promoters

PConducting session using CLTS approach


Picture showing Water Quality Analyst Taking sample for water quality test Picture showing water quality analyst Doing his technical work on spot Picture showing water quality analyst Testing Water Samples in Lab




Sessions/ Trainings Over view

During these Sessions/ trainings RID Hygiene Promoters aware and sensitized community

members of targeted area that how to change the behaviors an individual as well in

community level through conducting interpersonal communication/ Group sessions and

using CLTS approach to aware them about the importance of Health and Hygiene practices

all Hygienic messages were transferred to community (interest group) as well educate them

how to protect their selves and community from many life threading diseases. Community

liked and praised all the efforts and suggested that through these kinds of interventions

should be continue to sensitized community towards adoption and importance to good

hygiene practices. The core aspires of all these sessions/ trainings were to conscious and

clarify community towards the extreme tribulations if neglecting hygiene behaviors.

Both male and female Hygiene Promoters of RID were conscripted to mobilize and

sensitize community members of (4) Union Councils of Tehsil Lahor District Swabi on

importance of Health & Hygiene and access to use Safe and Clean Drinking Water. These

Sessions/ Trainings covered the area of Health & Hygiene, Sanitation, access to use Safe

and Clean Drinking Water and knowledge about spreading of water borne diseases

especially “Hepatitis C” among community and its prevention measures.

The core idea of conducting these Sessions/ Trainings was to promote the importance of

Hygiene among dormant society of projected area as well to adopt hygiene behaviors.

OUT COMES

RID completed Software activities according to specification mentioned in agreement.

In software activities RID Hygiene promoters aware (10,000) families and (60,000)

individuals on (Health & hygiene education, spreading of different diseases and their

prevention measures, Mobilization, Behavioral change, access to use safe and clean

drinking water) through these sessions the capacity of community has been built for further

community benefits as well individual. Core idea of the trainings was to Sensitized,

Mobilized and Aware community to change unhygienic behaviors and sustained it in future,

during the trainings it is noticed that participants took much interest and seek a lot of new

practices from which they were un-aware, At the end of trainings all participants stress that



these kind of trainings should be arranged in future because they seek a lot of new

practices and knowledge through trainings they also promised that they will try their best to

implement all the practices as individual as well in community.

During trainings RID Hygiene Promoters build the capacity of volunteers and municipalities

that they are the most effectual source to sustained project activities in future for

community benefits.

Through trainings the main aims were achieved that participants were sensitized and

educated on basic practices to Health and hygiene.

Over all trainings were effective for community (interest group).

CONSTRAINTS

Over all trainings were conducted according to the planned schedule but project activities

were suffered due to:-

• Harvesting Season.

• It is also observed in some areas community have some misconception about

NGO’s and resisting to implement project activities.

• Activities of the project (Community trainings) trainers left from Peshawar office at

7:00am to conduct community training but due to inaccessibility of road trainers face

a lot of hard-ships in way.

• Road Blockage.

• In some areas security problems were existed for female staff.

• Security and traditional problems.

• Time constraints.

• Some areas of the project were very far away from field office.

• Social conflict (Cross Firing) between two tribes of Union Council Sard Cheen &

Dhobian.

• It is also observed that community insisted to carry these activities for the long time

for efficacy of the project.



Monitoring and follow-up visits

Regular monitoring visits being made in targeted areas of the project to check the out puts

of interventions.

In this regard municipalities and volunteers showed much interest it not only monitored the

trainings as well to check the impact of the project. It was a very new thing for community

that any kind of continuous monitoring visits were held beside trainings in Tehsil Lahor

district Swabi. Due to scattered areas of the villages it was not possible to visit all the

community members randomly I this regard a general observations being identified during

visits.

Ground Achievements All project targeted activities were completed according to specifications mentioned in

proposal. Over all community response was seen much positive and cooperative.

During trainings community (interest group) liked Health & Hygiene Sessions/ Trainings

because all such messages were dear and valuable to them and trainer’s attitude and

way of delivering messages was very charming and friendly. During continuous

monitoring visits from RID Hygiene Promoters much positive response was seen

especially about adopting Hygiene behaviours through different kind of interesting

interventions. During school monitoring visits it was seen that a lot of children’s have

their own bottles of safe & clean water with their name tags even not willing to drink

water from school tab except purified bottles.

Teachers told the Monitoring staff that after these sessions students even force them to

wash their hands if they pretending to take some food with out washing hands.

Conclusion

Although hygienic trainings have been conducted for sustained project results by

various departments but in these interventions a new techniques as a tool was used i.e.

to teach the students through various interesting activities like Role plays, Displaying

IEC material and competition raising regarding adopting Health & Hygiene behaviours.



As concern to community response was over all good and from female side were much enthusiastic as compared to male to implement these interventions they showed keen interest and zealness. During field monitoring visits Hygiene promoters realized that subsequently the situation will much better and effective as previous visits.

RECOMMENDATIONS The project proposes the following recommendation to be set in mind while carrying out interventions in the targeted areas.

• To design project activities in view of agricultural season.

• Although hygiene promotion at house-hold level was under focus but the issue

needs sustainable and long term solution.

• Project must provide some hard material to community that makes utilization of the

provided facilities could be made possible through long term planning for behavioral

change.

• Software component of the project must be improved keeping in view sustainability

in improving the sanitation condition of the area.

• Behavioral change is a slow process therefore it required a long term planning.



Documents

Swabi Report(Final)