Sustainable Transport Systems

8/8/2019 Sustainable Transport Systems

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/sustainable-transport-systems 1/19

µ sa sja{e ~ja ~hbb las jgve sje ielefhs

af s~a ihbbhal xegy{ af gkkudubgsec eleynx ye{eyve{ ¶

Cgvhc O, K, Dgkmgx



SYGL[PAYS [X[SED[



YABE[ AF LACE[ GLC JUI[ GLC KALLEKSHLN

LESÂY[

Lace{" jui{" glc kallekshln les~ay m{ gy e sje ig{hk ebedels{ af

g sy gl{pay sgshal {x{sed,

Sy gl{pay sgshal {x{sed{ {sgy s ~hsj g {hdpbe kallekshal ies~eels~a ay day e lace{, Sjh{ bgsey cevebap hlsa g kadpbeze{ les~ay m

~jhkj evabve{ hl fauy pjg{e{,

7( [kgssey ec Kbu{sey {

9( [hlnbe Jui$glc$[pame

;( Dubsh$Jui [dgbb$ây bc Les~ay m

3( Kay e!Pey hpjey x

Hs dgy m{ sje ienhllhln af g

kaddulhsx,

Lace{ af key sghl pyazhdhsx gy e bhlmec

sanesjey sa fay d g kbu{sey ,

Hf sje kbu{sey { ca las ay nglhe f uy sjey "sje kaddulhsx {sy uksuy e y edghl{

~egm glc ulcey cevebapec,



[hlnbe Jui$glc$[pame

[kgssey ec kbu{sey { nes kalleksec sa sje jui

glc fay d{ sje {pame,

Hl sjh{ pjg{e gbb sje lace{ dgx ay dgx las ie

kalleksec sa sje jui,

Sje jui ~hbb ie kalleksec sa sje ezsey lgb

{auy ke{ sa iy hln hl sje y ekauy {e{ glc

hllavgshal{,

Hs iekade{ g ky hshkgb pjg{e fay sje {x{sed g{

gbb sje kbu{sey { cepelc al sje {gde jui,

Le~ les~ay m{ ay bhlm{ gy e fay dec ies~eel

sje kbu{sey { ~jhkj g{{h{s al glasjey ,

Dubsh$Jui [dgbb$âybc Les~aym^jel jui nghl{ ky echihbhsx hl sje les~ay m hs

y e{ubs hl dubsh$jui les~ay m,

Cuy hln sje pyake{{ hs y ecuke{ sje

cepelcelke al g {hlnbe jui ix asjey

kbu{sey {,

Sjh{ hlsey bhlmhln ay kabbgiay gshal ky egse g

{sgse af edey nelke" ~jey e sje sje aus kade

h{ g jegbsjx kaddulhsx,



Kaye!Peyhpjeyx

Sjh{ h{ elc pyacuks af xegy { af les~ay m

~egvhln af dubshpbe jui{,

Hs¶{ g {sgibe {sy uksuy e sjgs kgl bhlm sa glasjey

~ebb cevebapec y enhal{,

Sje les~ay m kay e kalsghl kaddulhsx dediey {

~ja jgve cevebapec {syaln kallekshvhsx

ies~eel sjed{ebve{,

Pey hpjey gb lace{ ezselc hs{ebf sa nes kalleksec

sa asjey ~ebb e{sgibh{jec les~ay m{" f uy sjey

{sy elnsjelhln sje {x{sed,

,

Al sje kadpbeshal af 3sj pjg{e

Gsselshal suy l{ sa~gy c{ les~ay m dghlselglke glc iuhbchln iy hcne{ sa asjey

les~ay m{,

Sa ky egse le~ les~ay m{ ~hsjhl sje {x{sed sa ky egse le~ iu{hle{{ glc {ey vhke

kelsey {,

Sje elshy e {x{sed faku{e{ al bgy ney sy gl{pay s pyaoeks{ sjgs ~hbb jgve dg oay hdpgks

al sje kaddulhsx,



JHEYGYKJ X AF LESÂYM KALLEKSHAL[

Uyigl" Yenhalgb glc Bakgb Les~aym{ $ Hs h{ kalkey lec ~hsj

sje deg{uy e{ sa hdpyave sy gff hk f ba~" pyadase iu{e{" kxkbhln"

~gbmhln" elgibe eff ekshve yagc dghlselglke glc eljglke bakgbsy gveb les~ay m{,

Lgshalgb Les~aym{ · Hs faku{e{ dghlbx al jhnj {peec sy gl{pay s

kayy hcay { kallekshln chff ey els khshe{ gkya{{ sje kaulsy x glc

begchln sa sje cevebapdels af dacey l sy gl{pay s hlsey kjglne,

Sjey e h{ jhey gy kjx hl sje sy gl{pay s kayy hcay { kallekshln sa

chff ey els khshe{ fay ezgdpbe sje kgphsgb khsx h{ u{ugbbx kalleksec

ix jhnj {peec sy gl{pay s kayy hcay { sa asjey khshe{ ~jhkj gy e

ephkelsey { af sy gce glc kaddey ke,

Hlseylgshalgb Les~aym · Hs edpjg{he{ al sje kallekshvhsx

ies~eel kaulsy he{ ix ghy glc {eg, Evel hl hlsey lgshalgb

les~ay m{ ch{pbgx jhey gy kjx hl sy gl{pay s yaas{ ~ey e iu{hle{{ glcgcdhlh{sy gshve kgphsgb{ af chff ey els kaulsy he{ gy e u{ugbbx

pyavhcec ~hsj sap py hay hsx" f g{s glc eff hkhels sy gl{pay s kayy hcay {,



KJGLNE HL AUSBAAM SA^GYC[ [U[SGHLGIBE

CEVEBAPDELS

Ay hnhlgbbx {u{sghlgihbhsx jgc py hdgy x faku{ al y e{auy ke

kal{udpshal h{{ue{ ius la~ hs gb{a sy he{ sa gssghl ekaladhk"{akhgb ~ebf gy e" ewuhsx" judgl jegbsj glc ekabanhkgb hlseny hsx,

[jay s {hnjsecle{{ glc lgyya~ ausbaam sa~gy c{

{u{sghlgihbhsx y e{ubs{ hl dey e {jay s sey d ielef hs{,

Sje vh{hal sa {ee iexalc sje hddechgse leec{ glc

hlseny gsec {abushal{ ~hbb jebp dgmhln hlfay dec cekh{halgiaus sy gl{pay s kjahke{" y efay d{ glc benh{bgshal{" bglc u{e"

sy gl{pay s pbgllhln glc sekjlabanhkgb hllavgshal{,

Leec sa hlkay pay gse h{{ue{ af ekaladhk glc {akhgb

{u{sghlgihbhsx gbaln ~hsj elvhyaldelsgb y efay d{, Sje faku{

{jaubc ie al pyadashln {uhsgibe cevebapdels af sy gl{pay s

jui{ sjgs ulcey {sglc" y ef beks glc y e{peks sje kubsuy e glcleec{ af sje bakgb kaddulhsx glc pyavhce{ appay sulhshe{ fay

{akhgb glc hlsebbeksugb ezkjglne,



CE[HNL AF [X[SED[ SA [UPPAYS [U[SGHLGIHBHSX

SYGL[PAYS - UYIGL PBGLLHLN

Gcdhlh{sy gshve pabhkhe{ - Sjaunjsf ub ce{hnl 4 [ukke{{f ub

hdpbedelsgshal af [u{sghlgibe Sy gl{pay s

Kalkeps{ {ukj g{ jhnj y h{e" jhnj cel{hsx y e{hcelshgb

cevebapdels{ kba{e sa sy gl{pay s jui{ hl khshe{ kaubc

{hnlhf hkglsbx y ecuke *hf las ebhdhlgse( iasj sje sy gveb shde

glc gb{a sje leec sa u{e vejhkbe{ sa gkke{{ sje jui{,

Dhzec u{e {mx{ky gpey { ~jey e peapbe bhve glc ~ay msanesjey " baam pyadh{hln hl y ecukhln sje leec sa sy gveb,

Be{{ey ch{sglke fyad y e{hcelke{ sa sy gl{pay s {sgshal{

kaubc elkauy gne day e peapbe sa ~gbm ay kxkbe glc sju{

gb{a y ecuke sje bagc al yagc{" e{pekhgbbx cuy hln pegm

aff hke jauy {,



YESJHLMHLN SJE SYGL[PAYS HLSEYKJGLNE

Sy gl{pay s hlsey kjglne{ kaubc ie jhnjbx hl{sy udelsgb hl

pyadashln puibhk sy gl{pay s g{ hs pyavhce{ {egdbe{{ bhlm

ies~eel chff ey els dace{ af sy gl{pay s glc sju{ jebp{ peapbesa u{e puibhk sy gl{pay s day e eff ekshvebx,

Sy gl{pay s Hlsey kjglne{ pyavhce sje appay sulhsx sa kjglne

ies~eel bakgb" lgshalgb glc hlsey lgshalgb les~ay m{ ~hsj

eg{e,

Sy gl{pay s hlsey kjglne{ kaubc ie elvh{gnec iexalc sjehy kalvelshalgb f ulkshal af f gkhbhsgshln sy gl{f ey ies~eel

sy gl{pay s dace{ glc ~hbb ie ce{hnlec g{ pbgke{ sa ~ay m"

{jap" dees glc gb{a bhve,

Hl sje legy f usuy e" hlsey kjglne{ ~aubc las albx ie

gssy gkshve ngse~gx{ sa khshe{ ius gb{a hlvhshln pbgke{" hl

~jhkj peapbe ~aubc kjaa{e sa {pelc shde {japphln"y ebgzhln glc {akhgbh{hln,



KJGS[ÂAC SYGL[PAYS HLSEYKJGLNE



GPPYAPYHGSE DACE[ AF PUIBHK SYGL[PAYS

Yaunjbx ale sjhy c af auy eley nx nae{ hlsa sy gl{pay sgshal,

Sje gvey gne 97{s kelsuy x kgy h{ sje da{s eley nx kal{udhln

dace af sy gl{pay s ~hsj g kal{udpshal af :0 M^j pey 700 p$Md,Khsx iu{ kal{ude{ ou{s 6 M^j pey 700 p$Md" hf f ubb" ~jhkj h{ 7;

shde{ iessey sjgl sje {hlnbe$pey {al kgy ,

Sy gd{ ~jhkj gy e wuhse papubgy dace{ af sy gl{pay s hl {ade khshe{

~aubc kal{ude gyaulc 8 M^j pey 700 p$Md,

Balcal¶{ ulcey nyaulc sy ghl{" gs pegm shde{" u{e albx 3,3 M^jpey 700 p$Md ~jhkj h{ 7: shde{ iessey sjgl sje kgy ,

Jhnj {peec ebeksy hk sy ghl kal{ude{ ou{s ; M^j pey 700 p$Md" hf

f ubb" ~jhkj h{ 9> shde{ iessey sjgl sje kgy ,

Gs :5% akkupglkx" sje eley nx kal{udec ix g Iaehln >3>

~aubc ie gyaulc 50 M^j pey 700 p$Md ~jey eg{ fay gl akeglbhley hs ~aubc ie 797 M^j pey 700 p$Md" ~jhkj h{ day e sjgl s~hke

sje oudia oes,



Eley nx y ewuhy edels{ af

chff ey els fay d{ af puibhk

sy gl{pay s, Sje vey shkgb gzh{

{ja~{ sje eley nx

kal{udpshal hl M^j pey

pg{{elney 700 Md, Sjejay halsgb gzh{ {ja~{ sje

{peec af sy gl{pay s hl Md!j,

Sje Kgy *7( h{ gl gvey gne U,M,

kgy , Sje µIu{¶ h{ sje gvey gne

peyfay dglke af gbb Balcal

Iu{e{, Sje Ulcey nyaulc

{ja~{ sje gvey gne

peyfay dglke af elshy e Balcal

Ulcey nyaulc {x{sed, Gb{a al

sje vey shkgb gzh{" al sje

ezsy ede bef s" f ueb eff hkhelkhe{

gy e hlchkgsec hl dpn *dhbe{

pey ngbbal(,

*[auy ke? Dgkmgx O,K, Cgvhc"

900:" [u{sghlgibe Eley nx ·

^hsjaus sje Jas Ghy (



Sje sekjlabanhkgb iy egmsjyaunj hl dgnleshk bevhsgshal sjgs ngve

~gx sa sje ky egshal af Dgnbev sy ghl{ hl [jglnjgh" Kjhlg ix

Ney dgl Sy gl{y gphc Kadpglx" u{e ou{s 9,9 M^j pey 700 {egs$Md

~jhkj h{ evel iessey sjgl Ney dglx¶{ a~l HKE *Hlsey Khsx Ezpy e{{(

~jhkj u{e{ 9,8 M^j pey 700 {egs$Md ,

Sjh{ h{ gl ezgdpbe af sekjlabanx cy hvel hlsey velshal hl cevebaphlng ba~ eley nx glc jhnj {peec dace af puibhk sy gl{pay s,



^GBMHLN GLC K XKBHLN

Sgibe ezpbghlhln ~gbmhln glc kxkbhln dhbe{ pey pey {al pey xegy hl

sje U, M, Kauyse{x? ^gbmhln glc Kxkbhln? Gl Gkshal Pbgl"

Cepgysdels fay Sygl{pays" U,M,

Sjey e jg{ ieel g bgy ney f gbb hl ~gbmhln dhbe{ avey sje xegy { g{

kadpgy ec sa kxkbhln,



^GBMHLN

Pyadashln ~gbmhln glc kxkbhln avey {jay sey yause{ al g cghbx

ig{h{ kaubc ie hlkay pay gsec sjyaunj bakgb glc lgshalgb hlhshgshve{"

pbgllhln" pyavh{hal af {uppay shln elvhyaldels glc f gkhbhshe{ glc

puibhk g~gy ele{{,

Kal{hcey hln sjgs ou{s ulcey jgbf af gbb sy hp{ gy e be{{ sjgl s~a

dhbe{" ~gbmhln g{ g sy gl{pay s apshal jg{ hddel{e paselshgb,

^gbmhln kgl ie elkauy gnec gdaln peapbe ix ce{hnlhln jhnj

wugbhsx pgvedels{ ~hsj kjahke af lal${bhp pgvhln" {uff hkhels {sy ees

bhnjshln" hl{sgbbhln day e cyappec mey i{" ~ebb ce{hnlec {japfyals{" sy ee pbglshln" {jebsey { glc {sy ees f uy lhsuy e,

Hl khsx kelsy e{" ~gbmhln kgl ie elkauy gnec ix pyavhchln

pece{sy hgl gkke{{hihbhsx sa kalleks gyy hvgb pahls{ {ukj g{ iu{ glc

sy gd {sap{" {sgshal{" kgy pgy m{ sa sje dghl {japphln gy eg{"

ky egshln pece{sy hgl ale{" elkauy gnhln cevebapey { sa ay helsgse

le~ y esghb cevebapdels {a sjgs hs fyals{ sje {sy ees" pyavhce beveb

gkke{{ glc bakgse sje elsy glke kba{e{s sa sje py hdgy x {japphln

gy eg,



K XKBHLN

Da{s af sje ~gbmhln glc kxkbhln sgme{ pbgke al sje bakgb yagc

les~ay m glc gbb {ukj bakgb {sy ees{ {jaubc ie ce{hnlec g{ pbgke{

fay peapbe glc las sjayaunjf gy e{ fay vejhkbe{,

Kxkbhln kaubc ie pyadasec ix pyavhchln ezkebbels kxkbhln

f gkhbhshe{ {ukj g{ cechkgsec kxkbhln bgle{" hlkelshve{ al iuxhln

kxkbe{" benh{bgshve deg{uy e{ {ukj g{ ba~ey {peec bhdhs{" kabbh{hal

y enubgshal{ sjgs f gvauy kxkbh{s{ glc y hnjs af ~gx fay kxkbh{s{ esk,

Al glc aff yagc kxkbhln yause{" ce{hnlhln gbsey lgse {jay sey

yause{ fay kxkbh{s{ kallekshln pbgke{ glc pyavh{hal af iessey pgy mhln f gkhbhshe{ gs {kjaab{ glc ~ay mpbgke{ kaubc iaa{s u{e af

kxkbe{ g{ g sy gl{pay s gbsey lgshve,

Ky egshal af {pekhgb {peec ale{ ~hbb jebp dgme kxkbh{s{ f eeb {gf e,

Gbb le~ cevebapdels{ {jgbb hlkay pay gse f gkhbhshe{ glc pyavh{hal{

kalcukhve sa ~gbmhln glc kxkbhln gbaln ~hsj ny eel {pgke{ glcnaac kallekshvhsx sa asjey dace{ af sy gl{pay s,



Ce{hnl af kxkbe yause{ glc yaulcgiaus{ hl

Lesjey bglc{ ~jey e sje kxkbe glc vejhkubgy

yause{ jgve ieel {eny engsec glc bg~{

gbba~ fay kgy { ezhshln sje kelsy gb khy kbe sa

nhve ~gx sa kxkbh{s{ sa gvahc kalf bhks

V¶eba¶v kxkbe {sgshal hl Bxal" Fy glke" g

py hvgsebx y ul hlhshgshve ~jey e kxkbe{ kgl ie

jhy ec fay g ladhlgb gllugb f ee af 70 euya{

glc u{ec fay kaddushln {jay s ch{sglke{ hl

sje khsx bg{shln up sa ;0 dhl{, Sje f gkhbhsx

h{ gb{a gvghbgibe sa sauy h{s{'

[peec ale{ af 90 dpj gs Mhln{sal upal

Jubb ~jhkj y ecukec kg{ugbsx y gse{ af kjhbc

pece{sy hgl{ glc kxkbh{s{, Sje {kjede~g{ {ukke{{f ub hl y ecukhln ky g{je{ ix

56% glc pece{sy hgl f gsgbhshe{ ix 80% hl

7886!8>,



µgl effhkhels glc hlsenygsec sygl{pays {x{sed kaubc

ie gkjhevec sjyaunj nyegsey hlsenygshal ies~eel

chffeyels dace{ af gppyapyhgse puibhk sygl{pays sa

pyavhce {egdbe{{ kallekshvhsx" gffaycgibe"kalvelhels" {gfe glc nyeel sygveb apshal{¶



S J G L M X A U

Documents

Sustainable Transport Systems