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SUSTAINABLE ICT – AN OVERVIEW
British Computer Society14th November
Professor Peter Jameswww.susteit.org.uk
ICT BENEFITS – SMART 2020• Environmental
- Cut global CO2 emissions in 2020 by 15%, with $946 billion of cost savings- Avoid c 5 tonnes of CO2 emissions through applications for every tonne created by production, use & disposal of equipment
• Social- e.g. access; overcoming disability
ENERGY & CARBON FOOTPRINT
• Downloadable tool – www.susteit.org.uk
• Default assumptions … or your own data
• University of Sheffield- 19% of non-domestic electricity- £1 million + bills in 2009- PCs higher than expected- Data centres/networks lower than expected
FOOTPRINTING RESULTSUniversity of Sheffield
University of Sheffield (ex HPC)
Lowestoft College
City College Norwich
Total Electricity (kWh)
8,680,806 (100%) 7,472,188 (100%) 453,714 (100%) 1,241,700 (100%)
PCs and monitors
4,164,477 (48%) 4,164,477 (56%) 197,402 (44%) 510,896 (41%)
Servers 1,520,736 (18%) 1,520,736 (20%) 135,999 (30%) 226,665 (18%)
HPC 1,208,617 (14%) 0 0 0
Imaging 835,659 (10%) 835,659 (11%) 42,171 (9%) 236,901 (19%)
Networks 687,362 (8%) 687,362 (9%) 68,538 (15%) 156,629 (13%)
AV 61,598 (1%) 61,598 (1%) 7,482 (2%) 89,936 (7%)
Telephony 202,356 (2%) 202,536 (3%) 2,122 (<1%) 12,790 (1%)
FHE - A LARGE ICT FOOTPRINT
• 2% of global CO2 emissions
• ICT in UK HE- 760,000 PCs- 215,000 servers- 147,000 networked printers- 512,000 Mwh of electricity- 275,000 tonnes of CO2 - over £60 million in 2009
325,000 Coal-Powered Computers
EQUIPMENT LIFE CYCLE
Materials
Manufacture
Transport
UseDisposal
KEY LIFE CYCLE QUESTIONS• Can we ever get a complete picture?
- HP 1.5 million tonnes CO2 eq direct- 4.5 million tonnes from Tier 1 suppliers
• What balance of impacts across the life cycle? e.g. production:use energy - Williams/UN University 4:1- EU Commission study 1:4
• How can we influence upstream impacts?
DESKTOP LIFE CYCLE IMPACTS
-2000
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
Desktop Laptop CRT LCD
To
tal
En
erg
y (M
J)
Production
Distribution
Use
End of life
POTENTIAL MEASURES BY IT?
• Specifying lower power equipment
• Automatic powerdown of networked devices
• Extending longevity• Modifying data centre
layout
• Increasing computer CPU utilisation
• Virtualisation• Minimising storage• Thin client in
specialised applications
Short Term Medium Term
CROSS-FUNCTIONAL MEASURES
• Awareness campaigns• Powerdown of non
networked devices• Upgrading data centre
power supply arrangements
• Increasing use of videoconferencing
• Maximum use of thin client where effective
• Free cooling of data centres
• Effective document and print management
Short Term Medium Term
CARDIFF UNIVERSITY
• Low power servers
• Chilled water cooling
• Efficient layout
• Efficient UPS
• 30% support overhead
LONG TERM CHANGES• Less energy and material intensive desktops
- cloud computing; medium client- e-readers and ‘total content’
• Zero carbon data centres
• Pay as you go computing
• Intelligent campus- from computer to building maintenance?
REMOTE COMPUTING
• Direct outsourcing- Leeds Met using Google for student email and word processing (Google Apps)
• Collaborative outsourcing- London MAN for backup
• Managed service (e.g. accounting; payroll)
• Common data centres- YHMAN Derby/Salford/Sheffield Hallam- economies of scale/scope- greater location flexibility- expert suppliers
15
AVE MARIA UNIVERSITY
IntrusionDetection
Fire AlarmSystemPower System
ElevatorMgmt.
LightingControls
HVACControl
EvacuationManagement
SecurityUsers
BuildingMaintenance Users
Access Control(security system)
CampusSecurity
QUEEN MARGARET UNIVERSITY
• Wanted greenest building in UK
• PCs main barrier
• 98% thin client
• 25-30% space savings