Sustainable Forest Management 26/02/2019 Chris Kettle...–Production forest remains standing in the best condition ... Manuel Guariguata, Fidel Chiriboga, Julia Quaedvlieg, Carmenza

Sustainable Forest Management

26/02/2019

Chris Kettle

Changing forest landscape

• Environmentally Sound Timber

Production

• Non-Timber Forest Products

• Landsparing vs Land sharing

• Nature Tourism

Sustainable Strategies for

Forest Conservation?

Logged forest and biodiversity

Ecosystem Services from logged forest

Putz et al. 2012 Conservation Letters

Logged forest and biodiversity

Burivalova et al. 2015 Current Biology

Industrial timber exploitation

• Management systems that emphasized careful harvesting by 1930’s

• But Invention of caterpillar tracks after World War II provided the catalyst for large scale extraction

• Combined with political independence, lead to major environmental damage, illegal logging.

• The term ‘Reduced impact logging’ RIL arrived in the 1990’s

Selective logging

• Reduces the abundance of large trees

• May influence reproductive ecology of trees

• Often poorly implemented with substantial damage to residual stands

• 83% of reduction in levels of trees per hectare

Sustainable Timber

Production?

Reconciles growing and

harvesting timber with biodiversity

and other ecosystem services

Reduced Impact Logging (RIL)• Improved felling and skidding practices

• Inventories and zoning

• Retention of seed trees

• Demarcation of sensitive area

• Removal of vines and directional felling

• Roads and bridges built to minimise soil

erosion

• Can be certified

• Heli-logging Yayasa sabah

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UspJ5yNds34

RIL in Sabah

• IS it widely adopted? In forest reserves e.g Dermakot <50%

• Some FMU’s

• Expensive but combined with FSC

• 50% reduction in residual stand damage

• Minimize damage to ‘potential crop trees’

• Operational stages

– Pre Harvest

– Harvest

– Post Harvest

What does a CHP mean?

1) Licensee and description of area

2) Summary of forest resources

3) Proposed harvest system

4) Plan of infrastructure

5) Plan of how to limit damage, to comply

with max 30% overall damage area

Comprehensive harvesting plan

Why is RIL not widely adopted ?

• Resource abundance

• Low stumpage values

• Adverse government policies

• Timber is cheap, so it is difficult to justify

the investment needed for sustainable

management

• Short term concessions

Why is RIL not widely adopted in

Sabah?

• Lack of skilled workforce for CHP’s

• Objections of companies to adopt RIL

• Reduced production

• Longer harvesting time

• Increased operational costs

• No financial incentives

Mahogany ExtractionSwietenia macrophylla

Mahogany Extraction

An integrated business

A typical enterprise will employ crews to:

• Search for and harvest mahogany

• Move logs to the mills

• Sell boards to foreign buyers (UK & USA)

Economics of Mahogany

• Exceptionally high timber value

• Very low stumpage payments

• Very high transportation costs

Poor regeneration, rarity, slow

growth and high value,

encourage the extension of

extraction into primary forests

What are the prospects for SFM(Sustainable Forest Management)

• Few financial incentives for long term management Legislation needed to prevent trade in Illegally logged timber

1. EU due Diligence Regulation2. Amendment to the US Lacey Act

• Market Failure

1. Volunteer third-party certification2. REDD+ and carbon benefits3. Devolution of control of forests to indigenous

communities

Innovations in forest

conservation

https://rfcx.org/


conservation

www.globaltimbertrackingnetwork.org/


conservation

www.conservation drones.org

Conclusions• Environmentally-sound economic strategies are

difficult to achieve

• Legislation in global trade of tropical timber is essential

• Technical capacity and policy necessary to ensure

– Production forest remains standing in the best condition

– Reduce the likelihood of forest conversion

• Synergies between multiple benefits for SFM in the

tropics

– Biodiversity conservation, poverty alleviation and climate

mitigation present real opportunities for advancing SFM

Questions?

||Placeholder for organisational unit name / logo

(edit in slide master via “View” > “Slide Master”)

Giants of the Amazon: why consumers should be going

nuts for more sustainable food systems | 26.02.2019

Merel Jansen, Manuel Guariguata, Fidel Chiriboga, Julia Quaedvlieg, Carmenza Robledo, Juan Andres Santelices, Gabriela Wiederkehr Guerra,

Ricardo Bardales, Ronald Corvera, Mishari García Roca, Pieter Zuidema, Yann Clough, Marc Moraine, Niels Anten, Flor Vargas, Eriks Arroyo Quispe, Nils

Atapaucar, Saraí Vargas, Maria Camila Álvarez Romero, Maxime Blomberg, Anna Borgensen, Ennia Bosshard, Rens Brouwer, Alessia Capurso, Francisco

Ehrenberg, Sara Hellström, Elisabeth Lagneaux, Jolijn Miedema, Daniel Navarro Pérez, Jiska Schaaf, Simona Zahner, Chris Kettle

25Chris Kettle


(edit in slide master via “View” > “Slide Master”)Chris Kettle 26

Madre de Dios, Peru



Brazil nuts (Para Nuss)

The seeds of the Amazonian tree Betholletia Excelsa

Highly

nutritious

Selenium

Multiple uses



socio-institutional component

Ecological component

Management component

An interdisciplinary approach



Key result 1: Identification of most important Brazil nut

pollinators

70+ hours of videos

288 points of

observation

686 visits



Key result 2: Artificial nest sites work for pollinators and could

enhance production (?)

Soft wood Brazil nut tree

wood

Bamboo

100% !! 8 % 8 %


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Key result 3: Harvester associations important for equitable

benefit sharing

Complex power relationships between actors

Maria Camila Alvarez

Rens Brouwer

Key result 4: Enrichment planting high value as part of sustainable

management



Diverse agroforestry potentially more profitable than other land

uses

“Lack of knowledge

and focus NGOs

limit diversity”



7 sites/developing

countries, 5005

rural households

30 % Vitamin A and

C intake tree-based

Tree-based foods

4x Vitamin C and

9x Vitamin A

compared to other

foods

Tree based foods highly nutritious



Sharing results with stakeholders

- Facebook page, twitter, website

- Regular blog

- 2 “Scientific Friday” presentations

- Brazil nut research symposium

- Visits to 5 villages



Diversifying our diets for sustainable food systems

Farmers together

with local

organizations

restore forest by

planting

Amazonian tree

species

Greater incentives to

farmers and local

organizations to

restore forest

landscapes

Restored forests

provide Amazonian

products for Swiss

retailersSwiss retailers sell Amazonian products

to Swiss consumers

Swiss consumers pay a premium on

Amazonian products for forest

restoration

Other

organizations could

co-provide

sustainable

financing for

restoration



Acknowledgements

8.11.2018Chris Kettle 36

Sustainable production Ethical business model Sustainable demand

Komodo Dragons Den 2

• Discuss a business case for sustainable use of tropical rainforest

• Discuss and design your business case, and who would be the main stakeholders

• Develop a sales pitch for foryour business case and what kind of investment you need?

• Prepare for questions on your idea!

Documents

Sustainable Forest Management 26/02/2019 Chris Kettle...–Production forest remains standing in the best condition ... Manuel Guariguata, Fidel Chiriboga, Julia Quaedvlieg, Carmenza