SurvivabilitySurvivability

AIAA Team 1AIAA Team 1

David MacdonaldDavid Macdonald

Taylor RaymondTaylor Raymond

Result of Aircraft Survivability Failurewww.aircraft-survivability.comwww.aircraft-survivability.com

SurvivabilitySurvivability

• Aircraft Survivability: Aircraft Survivability: • The capability of an aircraft to avoid and The capability of an aircraft to avoid and

withstand a hostile environmentwithstand a hostile environment

• History:History:• Government regulations came about after Government regulations came about after

massive man and machine loss during the massive man and machine loss during the Vietnam WarVietnam War

• Regulations are stricter on military issued Regulations are stricter on military issued aircrafts, but FAA rules do apply to commercial aircrafts, but FAA rules do apply to commercial airlinersairliners

Probability of SurvivingProbability of Surviving

• Aircraft Susceptibility (PAircraft Susceptibility (PHH): ):

• Inability for aircrafts to avoid man-made hostile Inability for aircrafts to avoid man-made hostile environmentsenvironments

• Aircraft Vulnerability (PAircraft Vulnerability (PKlHKlH): ):

• Inability for aircrafts to withstand man-made Inability for aircrafts to withstand man-made hostile environmentshostile environments

• Aircraft Killability (PAircraft Killability (PKK): ):

• PPKK=P=PHH*P*PKlHKlH

Survivability EnhancementSurvivability Enhancement

PS=1-PK=1-PH*PKlH

•Aircraft's combat survivability is enhanced when it's killability is reduced.

•The killability of an aircraft is reduced when the susceptibility and the vulnerability of the

aircraft are reduced.

SusceptibilitySusceptibility ConsiderationsConsiderations

• Speed and AltitudeSpeed and Altitude• Low SignaturesLow Signatures• Crew TrainingCrew Training

• AwarenessAwareness• AbilityAbility• Maneuvering TacticsManeuvering Tactics

• Night Time CapabilityNight Time Capability• Maneuverability/AgilityManeuverability/Agility

• Aircraft StabilityAircraft Stability

http://www.enterprisenetworksandservers.com/monthly/art.php?1659

Susceptibility (Cont’d)Susceptibility (Cont’d)

• Self Defense/Self Defense/

CountermeasuresCountermeasures– FlaresFlares– ChaffsChaffs– Signal JammingSignal Jamming

• Fighter EscortFighter Escort• Threat WarningThreat Warning

SystemsSystems

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/US_Air_Force_AC-130H_Spectre.jpg

http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/ac/equip/an-aar-57.jpg

Vulnerability ConsiderationsVulnerability Considerations

• Redundant and Redundant and Separate and Separate and Redundant Flight Redundant Flight SystemsSystems

• Rugged StructureRugged Structure• Additional ArmorAdditional Armor• Reinforced Landing Reinforced Landing

GearGear

Ball, Robert E. Ball, Robert E. The Fundamentals of Aircraft Combat Analysis and DesignThe Fundamentals of Aircraft Combat Analysis and Design. . AIAA Education Series: New York. 1985.AIAA Education Series: New York. 1985.

Vulnerability Cont’dVulnerability Cont’d

• Specialized Fuel Specialized Fuel TanksTanks• Self SealingSelf Sealing• Foam FillingFoam Filling

• Fire and Explosion Fire and Explosion ProtectionProtection

• Fuel Away From InletsFuel Away From Inlets• Non-Flammable Non-Flammable

Hydraulic FluidHydraulic FluidBall, Robert E. Ball, Robert E. The Fundamentals of Aircraft Combat Analysis and DesignThe Fundamentals of Aircraft Combat Analysis and Design. .

AIAA Education Series: New York. 1985.AIAA Education Series: New York. 1985.

A-10: Great ExampleA-10: Great Example

A-10 ThunderboltA-10 Thunderbolt

http://www.wallpaper.net.au/wallpaper/aviation/A-10%20Thunderbolt%201%20-%201024x768.jpg

QUESTIONS???QUESTIONS???

MH-47 Ejecting Flares at dusk- Survivability Enhancementhttp://www.aircraft-survivability.com/Pages/Pictures.html

ReferencesReferences• http://www.aircraft-survivability.comhttp://www.aircraft-survivability.com//• http://www.proaviation.ca/http://www.proaviation.ca/• http://access.ncsa.uiuc.edu/Stories/aircraft/http://access.ncsa.uiuc.edu/Stories/aircraft/• http://combatindex.com/mil_docs/pdf/Hopper/MIL-HDBK/CI-2069-MH-http://combatindex.com/mil_docs/pdf/Hopper/MIL-HDBK/CI-2069-MH-

5909-3028.pdf 5909-3028.pdf • http://www.wallpaper.net.au/wallpaper/aviation/A-10%20Thunderbolthttp://www.wallpaper.net.au/wallpaper/aviation/A-10%20Thunderbolt

%201%20-%201024x768.jpg%201%20-%201024x768.jpg• http://www.raytheon.com/products/stellent/groups/sas/documents/http://www.raytheon.com/products/stellent/groups/sas/documents/

asset/ale50.pdfasset/ale50.pdf• http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/ac/equip/an-aar-57.jpghttp://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/ac/equip/an-aar-57.jpg• http://www.bahdayton.com/SURVIAC/index.htmhttp://www.bahdayton.com/SURVIAC/index.htm• Ball, Robert E. Ball, Robert E. The Fundamentals of Aircraft Combat Analysis and The Fundamentals of Aircraft Combat Analysis and

DesignDesign. AIAA Education Series: New York. 1985.. AIAA Education Series: New York. 1985.