"Populat ion and Development" Series No.4Supported by the Japan Shipbuilding Industry Foundation(Chairman, yoichi Sasakawa) _

Survey of Urbanization, Living Environmentand Welfare in Bangkok

- Data-

MARCH 1986

The Asian Population and DevelopmentAssociation (foundation)

Assigned by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries

Report on the Survey of Rural Populationand Agricultural Development

in Asian Countries- Thailand -

MARCH 1986

The Asian Population and DevelopmentAssociation (foundation)

THE ASIAN POPULATION ANO OEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION, 1986

Nagatacho TBR Building, Rm. 71010·2, Nagatacho z-chome. Chlyoda-ku, Tokyo 100Telephone: (03)581·7770

Printed in Tokyo, Japan

Foreword

The Asian Population and Development Association (APDA) conducted asurvey entitled, "Basic Survey on the Population and Development inSoutheast Asian Countries - Thailand," in 1984, entrusted by theJapanese Government. This study is based on a field survey conducted insix slum districts of Bangkok in November, 1984 by the Japanese surveygroup. It is also based on a questionnaire survey in two slum areasconducted at a later date in December by the Japanese study group·scounterpart in Thailand, the Bangkok Community Development Project(BCDP).

BCDP organized a survey team within the organization chaired by Dr.Nongluk, Professor of the Department of Humanities, Mahidol University,on the occasion of the implementation of this questionnaire survey. Theteam completed its research of 450 households within one month, andthereafter coded the data collected.

Considering the importance of the collected data, the APDA hasrequested Dr. Toshio Kuroda, Director Emeritus of the Nihon University,Population Research Institute, Dr. Kazumasa Kobayashi, Professor of thesame Institute, and Ms. Yasuko Hayase, Senior Researcher, StatisticsDepartment, Institute of Developing Economies.

Major characteristics of the data is thatslum residents I birth places, instead of simplytrend or previous addresses, as was the casestudies.

it traces back to thestudying the migration

in the conventional

It is our hope that this report would assist the organizations andindividuals in Thailand as well as other countries actively engaged inpopulation and development-related tasks.

In conclusion, I would like to extend our appreciation to the JapanShipbuilding Foundation (Chairman: Mr. Ryoichi Sasakawa) and UnitedNations Fund for Population Activities (Mr. R. M. Salas) for theirconsiderable support in the compilation of this report.

March, 1986

Tatsuo TanakaChairmanAsian Population andDevelopment Association

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1111111111111111111111111111111I

CON TEN T S

Foreword .•.•.•.•...••........•.•.•............•...•....•..•..•.. 1

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ••.••••••.•.....•.•.•••••••••••••••.•.•. 5

1. Urbanization and Slums ......•••.•...•••.•.•.•..........••.. 6

2. Characteristics of Urbanization in Thailand 7

3. Characteristics of the Actual Survey 8

CHAPTER 2 ANALYSIS. • • • • . • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • . • . • . • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 13

Foreword •.•..•...••.•..••..•.••........•.•.....•..•.•.•...••. 14

1. Age and Sex Composition ..•...........•...•.•.•.•..•.•..... 14

2. Proportion of Household Heads 14

3. Marital Status and Migration of Household Heads 15

4. Educational Level 15

5. Family Composition of Households •......•...•.•.•.......••. 15

6. Labor Force Status .•.........•.••.•.••..............••••.• 16

7. Employment Status and Income of Households Heads ••.•...... 16

8. Incomes and Size of Households ...•...•.•...•.•.•..•...•.•. 16

9. Distribution of Disease and Injuries bySmokers and Non-smokers .•.•.....•.••..•.••....•........•.. 17

10. Family Planning •.............•...•.•.....•..•......•....•. 17

11. Residential Environment ..•...•.......•............•.••••.• 17

12. Standard of Living .......••..••...•...•..............•.•.• 18

13. Migration Status of Household Heads ......•..•......•....•. 19

CHAPTER 3 STATISTICAL TABLES 23

List of Tables ,0' • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 24

Statistical Tables 25

CHAPTER 4 QUESTIONNAIRE 75

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1. Urbanization and Slums

According to the Fifth Population questionnaire conducted by theU.N. in 1983, only 3 countries among 126 developing countries (excludingoil producing countries) considered the distribution of populationwithin their country to be satisfactory. These were the small islandcountries of Barbados, Malta and Nauru. Almost all Asian countries aresuffering from an imbalance in population distribution. Expressed inanother way, this problem is urbanization resulting from migration. Theurban population itself is not so large, representing only about 20% ofthe population in the Asia and Pacific regions (ESCAP regions).However, the problem lies in the special characteristics and growth rateof this urban population. These Asian countries are characterized bythe existence of primary cities with huge populations, and an extremelyhigh rate of population increase in these cities due to concentrativemigration from rural areas.

For example, the population of metropolitan Manila in thePhilippines is approximately 6 million, which is 10 times larger thanthe population of Cebu, the second largest city, which is 500 thousand.There are no intermediate cities between these two. The situation inThailand is similar. The city of Bangkok-Thonburi has a population of 5million whereas the population of the second largest, Tiangmei, is onlyabout 100 thousand. Therefore, a large percentage of the increase inthe urban population is the iDcrease occurring only in the largest city.

Although the population of Asia has been increasing at a rate of2.5% to 3% in recent years, urban populatiion has been increasing at amore rapid rate of 4% to 6%. The lev~l of the population increase inprimary cities is particularly high at 6% to 8%, and it is estimatedthat about half of this population increase is caused by a populationinflow from rural areas.

This explosive increase in the population of large cities indeveloping countries has created serious social and economic problems,and is having a negative impact on both the quality of life and economicdevelopment. This trend is called "over-urbanization" or "pseudo-urbanization:" a population increase exceeding the population-carryingcapacity and employment opportunity-creating capacity of the cities. Toput it bluntly, it includes the creation of slum areas and the increaseof squatters. These areas generally have extremely poor living andhygenic conditions, and are environments into which social welfare andmedical and educational services often do not reach. Therefore,improving and maintaining the quality of life for the people in theseareas are important political tasks.

byIn Jakarta, Indonesia, 70% of the population increase is

the area outside city planning in the outskirts of the city,

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absorbedand the

slum population in India was estimated to be 46.2 millionAccording to an estimate based on these trends, it is saidthan 66% of the urban population in Asia will be living insquatter districts by the year 2000. (*1)

in 1980.that moreslums or

Although the rate of increase of the urban population in developingcountries is extremely high as described above, it accounts for only asmall percentage of the total population and its increase is nottherefore, extremely conspicuous. This is because the rate of increaseof the rural population is also high. The urban popUlation increasesnot only from population inflows from rural areas, but also from thenatural increase of the urban population itself. Generally speaking,natural increase accounts for 60% of the increase in the urbanpopulation of developing countries, while migration and reclassificationof rural areas account for 25 - 32% and 8 - 15%, respectively. In anycase, there is a limit to the capacity of cities to cope with theselarge and numerous population inflows, which have created many difficultadministrative problems. Because the migration to the cities is largelymade up of young people of marrying and child bearing age, this places atremendous burden on the urban administration in many aspects of itsinfrastructure such as employment, housing and welfare. The migrationfrom rural to urban areas basically reflects the demand for labornecessary in the process of industrialization. On the other hand,however, there are many cases in which people are being pushed out ofthe rural areas by such factors as the land system, mechanization ofagriculture, natural calamities and the existence of surplus labor. Forwhatever reason, the population is migrating to the cities seekingworking opportunitieis and higher income. This problem of the rapidincrease in urban population in the urbanization process is also aproblem for rural areas. Therefore, when examining these urbanproblems, it is necessary to formulate measures based not only on theurban areas themselves, but rather, based on a comprehensiveinterrelationship between the urban and rural areas.

2. Characteristics of Urbanization in Thailand

As mentioned previously, the urban population of Thailand accountsfor only 17% of the entire popUlation. Furthermore, there are only 3cities in which the population exceeds 100 thousand. And, 5 millionpeople, comprising 62% of the entire urban population, live in theBangkok metropolitan area. (*2)

The population density of the Bangkok metropolitan area was 2,370per square kilomter in 1975, but increased to 3,213 by 1980, showing arate of population increase much higher than the national average.

Thailand has serious urbanization-related problems typical of other

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Asian countries, which center in the primary city of Bangkok. There aresaid to be approximately 500 slums in Bangkok. However, the point whichmust be considered here is the fact that the slums are an integral partof the Bangkok metropolitan area, and are not isolated from thismetropolis in any way. Furthermore, the slums are directly connectedwith the economic activities of Thailand and are communities with Thaisocietal characteristics. Therefore, the characteristics of Thailandare manifested in its slums, and it is neither possible nor adequate toconsider them in the same light with slums in other developingcountries. For instance, the benefits of Thailand's high economicgrowth has penetrated the slums as well, and houses there are equippedwith such durable consumer goods as televisions, refrigerators, andelectric rice cookers. The effects of the Thai government's strongfamily planning policy are also clearly evident in its slums. Evenelementary school children commute to school with simple but cleanclothes. If it were not for the sewage flowing through this livingenvironment, it really couldn't be termed a slum area at all. It isdifficult to define slums. It is necessary to redefine the term slum inthe light of the changes and progress in the society. However, it istrue that the Thai government and the general pUblic consider certainareas to be slums. Deputy Minister Boontiam, who provided cooperationthroughout our survey, and his staff at the Bangkok CommunityDevelopment Project (BCDP) are devoted to reforming these slums. Theyare implementing concrete policies which can grow into autonomousmovements to promote self-sustenance of the people in slum areas. Forexample, in a project to lay concrete caps over ditches, the Projectwill provide the necessary materials, but the labor must be provided bythe local people.

3. Characteristics of the Actual Survey

With cooperation from BCDP, we prepared an interview questionnaireand carried out a survey interview in two districts, Gunnattee andMorawan. Recording of the interview and questionnaire sheet collectionwere conducted by the people from BCDP; the data were sent to the APDPoffice and analyzed by computer enumeration. (*3)

The results of this analysis are described in Chapter 2.

Some points which require special comment follow.

The first point is the high rate of contraception in familyplanning. The figures were 60.2% in Gunnattee district (for marriedwomen between the ages 15 to 44) and 57.4% in Morawan district.Although the rate of practicing contraception in Thailand has beenincreasing in recent years (51% in 1978, 59% in 1981, 65% in 1985,according to CPS survey), it is important to stress that the practicing

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rate in slum areas is not sUbstantially different from the nationalaverage. This demonstrates the effect of the campaign and theeducational activities of the government in slum areas. An additionalfactor could be the low illiteracy rate in these areas.

The second point is the problem of migration. In the Gunnatteedistrict. in as many as 46% of the surveyed households, heads ofhouseholds were from the central region where they were born and 14%were from the northeastern region where they were born. The figures inthe Morawan region were also high at 34% and 11%. respectively. TheGunnattee district is relatively new, formed about 20 years ago. It hasthe highest percentage of immigrants from the central region which seemsto reflect this recent trend. But the fact that the majority ofimmigrants in the Morawan district also come from the central regionseems to indicate a close connection between the central region and theformation of slums in Bangkok. A noteworthy point emerges when weexamine where immigrants lived before moving into the present slum area.Among the 442 people in the entire surveyed households (effectiverespondents), 55% came directly to this slum area, 38% came from otherslum areas, and only 5% came from non-slum areas. This shows that thosewho move into the present slum area have a sufficient information aboutthe district. There seem to be many cases in which people move intoslum areas where their friends or relatives are already living. Casesin which people move into slum areas with no prior connections there arevery rare. Also worthy of note is the fact that many of the heads ofhouseholds come from the Central district. In a sense, the formation ofslum areas is an historical phenomenon, and once slums are formed theyseem to take root and expand. Further research is necessary on theregional connections of the populations which form the slums, therelations with their place of origin, .and the possibility of slum-dwellers to move out of these areas.

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Urban Population of Asian Countries (1983)

Area and Population Rate of UrbanCountry (million) Population ( %)

World 4,684.5 40.9

ESCAP Area 2,615.5 26.9

East Asia 1,206.1 28.5

China 1,039.8 20.7Hong Kong 5 ..3 90.6Japan 119.1 76.4Mongolia 1.8 54.4South Korea 39.9 62.0

Southeast Asia 382.0 25.1

Brunei 0.2Burma 36.2 28.9Kampuchea 6.9 14 .9Indonesia 159.2 24.1Laos 3.9 14.9Malaysia 14.7 30.7Philippines 51. 9 38.7Singapore 2.5 74.1Thailand 49.4 15.1Vietnam 57.0 19.9

South Asia 1,003.9 24.5

Afghanistan 14.8 17.4Bangladesh 95.8 11. 3Bhutan 1.4 4.3India 723.8 24.7Iran 42.1 53.2Maldives 0.2Nepal 15.8 5.4Pakistan 94.4 29.1Srilanka 15.6 21.3

Pacific 23.5 12.6

Australia 15.3 86.6Fiji 0.7 40.2New Zealand 3.2 83.6papua New Guinea 3.3 13.8Samoa 0.2Solomon Islands 0.3Others 0.6

Source: Asian Pacific Population Programme News, ESCAP,Vol. 14, No.2, June 1985, P. 5

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Notes

(*1) Asian-Pacific Population Programme ~, ESCAP, Vol.14, No.2, June1985.

(*2) Asian-Pacific Population Programme News, Vol.14, No.3, September1985, p , 34.

(*3) Refer to "Basic Survey on Population and Development in theSoutheast Asian Countries -- Thailand, II Asian PopulationandDevelopment Association, Feb. 1985, concerning questionnairesheet and description of the general conditions in the districtswhere interviews and inspections were performed.

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CHAPTER 2

ANALYSIS

Foreward

This chapter presents a brief analysis of the results of thequestionnaire survey conducted in two areas, Gunnattee and Morawan,based on the statistical tables which are given in the Appendix of thisreport. Comparisons between the two areas would be the major topics ofdiscussion. However, it must be pointed out that the population and thenumber of house holds in Gunnattee are 1,337 and 310, respectively,while those in Morawan are much lower at 791 and 134.

1. Age and Sex Composition

When comparing the two communities, the age composition is youngerand the sex ratio (male/female) is lower in Gunnattee than in Morawan(Table I). Those under 15 years of age are 34% in Gunnattee and 29% inMorawan, while those in ages 65 years and over are 2% and 5%,respectively. When the age-specific proportions of males for Morawan isapplied to the age-sex composition of population for Gunnattee, the malepopulation for Morawan is expected to be 111 taking the male populationin Gunnattee as 100.

The sex composition for those under 5 years of age in Morawan is 37boys and 28 girls, which is not so peculiar, while it is 64 boys and 106girls, indicating an abnormally high proportion of girls.

In Gunnattee, the age group 20-24 is seen to project from thepopulation pyramid. The second largest projection is that by the agegroup 15-19 (if excluding the age group 0-4), which indicates an urban-type age composition. In Morawan, the age group 15-19 is the largest,followed by those aged 10-14.

2. Proportion of Household Heads

The proportion of male and female household heads as well ashousehold heads controlling for sex, is larger in Gunattee than Morawan(Table I). This tendency is particularly significant for those in theirtwenties. In age group 20-24, the number of household heads amount to47 persons or 25% of the age population in Gunattee, while those inMorawan account for none (0 out of 96 persons). As for the age group25-29, there is also a significant difference between the twocommunities, that is, 41% to 10%. A similar trend is also observed formales alone. In Gunattee, 32 out of 89 males aged 20-24 and 35 out of75 aged 25-29 (47%) are household heads, and in Morawan, none out of 52

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aged 20-24 and only 5 out of 32 aged 25-29 (16%) are household heads.

In the case of males, 29 out of 49 (59%) in Gunattee and 34 out of42 (81%) in Morawan in ages 50 and over are household heads. Forfemales, however. the opposite cases are observed; the number ofhousehold heads in Gunatte is 28 out of 56 (50%}in the similar agegroup, whereas 23 out of 55 (42%) are in Morawan.

twothe

The above differences in the proportion of household heads ofcommunities will be examined in the latter chapter which deals

household composition in Gunattee and Morawan.

thewith

3. Marital Status and Migration of Household Heads

Regarding the structure of marital status for female householdheads, there is a relatively large variation between the two areas, butthat for males is not so significant. Of the total number of femalehousehold heads, 49% are married (61 out of 125) in Gunattee, while only29% (12 out of 42) are married in Morawan. The proportion of thosedivorced and separated women is 16% in Gunattee, but only 5% in Morawan.The proportion of widows are high in Morawan, reaching the 57%-level.In Gunattee. however, this figure is a mere 25% (Table 3). The heads ofhousehold who have migrated from other communities are considerably highin proportion in Gunattee than in Morawan, with figures of 74% and 60%,respectively (Table 17).

4. Educational Level

There is only a slight difference in the educational level betweenthe two communities. As for males in ages six and over, "illiteracy"accounts for 8% in Gunattee and 9% in Morawan. Those completing primaryeducation is 50% in the former and 48% in the latter; 37% and 39%,respectively, for secondary education; and 5% and 3% for post-secondaryeducation and college. The difference is smaller for females, that is15%, 53%, 29% and 3% in Gunattee, and 15%, 53%. 28% and 4% in Morawan,respectively (Table 4).

5. Family Composition of Households

There is a relatively large difference between the two communities.Of the total number of households, 65% are nuclear family households inGunattee, while in Morawan the figure is 52%. For extended familyhouseholds, the figures are 32% in Gunattee and 36% in Morawan (Table

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5). This differencethe age compositionMorawan.

is related to the previously mentioned fact thatin young ages is greater in Gunattee than in

6. Labor Force Status

Of the total population aged 10 and over, 74% are in labor force inGunattee and 68% in Morawan (Table 6). Among males, 84% are in laborforce in Gunattee and 58% in Morawan. For females, 64% in the formerand 58% in the latter are in labor force. The prportion of those inlabor force is lower in Gunattee than in Morawan. This is due to theproportion of students and pupils being lower in the former (14%) thanin the latter (18%). When students and pupils are excluded from thetotal population aged 10 and over, the proportion of those in laborforce in the two communities is almost identical, that is, 86% inGunattee and 83% in Morawan.

As for occupations, merchants (probably mostly petty) account foras many as 28% in Gunattee, while the figure is only 10% in Morawan. Asfor females, merchants account for 43% in Gunattee (only 13% inMorawan).

Employees account for 55% of the total population in labor force inGunattee and 66% in Morawan. Those unemployed are high in proportion,reaching 22% of the total labor force population (14% in Gunattee).

7. Employment Status and Income of Household Heads

The average annual income of household heads amounts to 1,963 baht(279 household heads) in Gunattee and 2,005 (lOO) in Morawan (Table 7),indicating no significant difference between the two communities. Asfor the employees who are relatively numerous in number, the average is2,070 (171) in Gunattee and 2,192 (79) in Morawan, also indicating nosiginificant difference. There is also no significant differencebetween the average income for employees for employees 2,070 (171), andthat for merchants, 1,829 (95) in Gunattee.

8. Incomes and Size of Households

The average monthly income of households is 4,230 baht (304households) in Gunattee and 5,666 (135) in Morawan, indicating asignificantly higher household average in Morawan than Gunattee (Table8). Such a tendency of increasing household size and larger income is

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observed in both areas. Considering that the average household size of4.3 members in Gunattee and 5.9 in Morawan, the higher avarage of incomein Morawan results from the larger average household size. When incomeis standardized for Morawan with the distribution of household size inGunattee, average income is 4,699 baht, which is not significantlydifferent from Gunattee (4,230 baht), but the fact remains that it isstill larger.

9. Distribution of Disease and Injuries by Smokers and Non-smokers

Since the survey samples were broadly dispersed, only male sUbjectsin both communities were investigated. The percentage of males havingno disease and injuries is 81% among smokers aged 15 years and over.That for non-smokers is also 81%, indicating no difference betweensmokers and non-smokers. When standardized by using the age compositionfor males aged 15 years and over in both areas combined, (Table 9), thefigure for males having no disease and injuries are expected to reach82.6% among smokers, while that for non-smokers, 76.8%. The latter issmaller on the age-standardized basis.

10. Family Planning

The percentage of married females practising contraception is 55%(51/91) in age group 15-24, 68% (52/77) in age group 25-34, and 58%(31/53) in age group 35-44 in Guanttee; and 56% (15/27) in age group 15-24, 74% (25/43) in age group 25-34, and 58% (22/38) in age group 35-44in Morawan. No significant difference is seen between the twocommunities (Table 13).

As evident in Table 14, which shows the distributionnon-users of contraception as well as that of users bymethod and educational level, no manifest difference isrespective levels of education.

11. Residential Environment

of users andcontraceptiveseen for the

In general, the slum communities are situated in marsh land andcharacterized by the poor living environment. Both Gunattee and Morawanare such slums. Due to the absence of sufficient drainage systems inthese low-lying areas, footpaths consisting of wooden planks have beenbuilt over the dirty water. Table 15-D shows that 83% of all householdsare situated on swampy marsh land in Gunattee and 86% in Morawan.Morawan in particular is situated near canals, and is frequently hit byfloods in the rainy season.

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As for such infrastructure items as water and sewage systems, bothcommunities are fairly well equipped for being slum areas. As Table 15-A indicated. more than 90% of all households in both communities areequipped with lavatories, inclusive of both of private and public ones.In particular, since Morawan had grown into a slum about 20 years ago,the number of households equipped with private lavatories is high at96%. In Gunattee, which is a newly developed community. only 61% of thetotal number of households have private toilets, but such toilets are ofthe oil-drum type. The diffusion rate of water services is almost 100%in Gunattee but only 74% in Morawan, since water drainage pipes havebeen recently installed in Gunattee with the cooperation of the BangkokCommunity Development Project (BCDP). While Gunattee's water supply iscompletely derived from water pipes. both as a source of drinking waterand water for daily use, only 74% of the total amount of Morawan'sdrinking water is supplied from water pipes; 13% originates from wells;11%, from rain water; and 2%, from the canals. Regarding water fordaily use. 54% is drawn from the tap; 6%, from wells; and 38%. fromcanals for washing and other similar daily chores (Table 15-8 and I5-C).

12. Standard of Living

In order to comprehend the standard of living in slum areas, asurvey incorporating 9 consumer durab1es items of black-and-white TV,color TV, refrigerator, stereo set. electric fan. radio, electric ricecooker, sewing machine and motor bicycle was conducted. Rather highfigures were recorded for such items in both areas as electric fan(56%), black-and-white TV (38%), radio (29%), electric rice cooker(29%), while motor bicycle (1%), stereo set (3%) and sewing machine(10%) registered smaller figures. As the average total income is higherin Morawan than in Gunattee by a margin of 30% (Table 8). the amount ofconsumer durab1es owned varies between the two communities. Thepossession rate of consumer durables is higher in Morawan than inGunattee for all items. Among others, the possession rate of TV (black-and-white and color) surpasses 70% and that of either electric fan orelectric rice cooker reaches 60% in Morawan. Refrigerators are owned by36% of all households in Morawan, while the similar figure for Gunatteeis only 7%. This variation in the standard of living between the twoareas is attributable to such factors as that the slum area of Morawanis older than that of Gunattee; average age of householders is higher inMorawan; and average income of household is higher in Morawan.

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13. Migration Status of Household Heads

(1) Migration Status of Household Heads by Age and Sex

Of the 441 of household heads, 134 were born in Bangkok (30% of thetotal), while the remainder of 307 who came from regions other thanBangkok (70%) were migrants (Table 17-1). By sex, 68% of all males and72% of females came from other regions. The Population Census and thesurvyes on migration to Bangkok Metropolis also show that the number offemales migrating to Bangkok exceeds that of males. In these slumareas, a similar tendency is observed. By age group, number ofhousehold heads who had migrated from other areas exceeded the 80% markin the age groups 40-44, 55-59, 65-69, and 75-79. On the contrary, themigration rates were lower in lower age groups 15-19 (38%), 25-29 (61%),and 35-39 (64%). Since the survey respondents were household heads, itwas expected that those "under 20" or "60 years and older" would besmaller. Therefore, careful consideration of the survey results mustbe given.

By region, 74% of all household heads had migrated to the presentdwellings in Gunattee, while 60% of them in Morawan. This indicatesthat the migration rate is higher in a young slum area such as Gunatteewhen compared with that of Morawan. (Table 17-2 and 17-3). In bothcommunities, the percentage of females who had migrated in from otherregions of the country exceeds that of males.

(2) Birthplace of Household Heads and Information on Current Dwelling

Among all household heads, 30% had been born in Bangkok, of which20% were born in non-slum areas, 8% in other slum areas and 2% in thecurrent slums. In other words, those born in non-slum areas and whomigrated into the present slums represent the majority (Table 18 and22). Among the total population of household heads who had migrated infrom regions outside of Bangkok, 43% originated from the central part ofthe country, which is geopraphically closer to Bangkok, 13% came fromthe northeastern region, the poorest area, 7% from the eastern region,6% from the northern region and 2% from ther southern region borderingMalaysia. These results are similar to the trends indicated by earliersurveys. Among all male household heads, 40% were born in the centralregion and 13% in the northern region while among all female householdheads, 47% were born in the central region and 12% in the northernregion, indicating that females had originated from relatively closerarea to Bangkok when campared with the cases seen in males.

By place ofaccounts for 46%;"southern region,"

birth of all household heads, the "central"northern region, II 14%; "eastern region, II

2% in Gunattee.

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region"5%; and

The breakdown is 34%, 11%, 5%, 11% and 1%, respectively, inMorawan. This indicates some variance between the two communnities, andis partially due to the fact that the slum in Morawan is older, as wellas the result of changes in internal migration occurring in and afterthe decade of the 19605.

Here, the analysis considers whether or not prior information onthe migration destination was available, since it is assumed that suchinformation is a major factor in the decision to actually migrate. Thepresence of close friends or relatives in the current residing areas wasinvestigated. With the exception of the 9 household heads born in thepresent residences, 57% of all household heads had responded that theyhad close friends or relatives, and, by area, 61% in Gunattee and 47% inMorawan were seen to be in this situation. The reason for the lowerrate in Morawan is that 40% of the total number of household heads wereborn in Bangkok (6% of them were born in the present slum area), so thatit was relatively easy for them to obtain information about the slumarea they are living now even if no friends or relatives were present.

(3) Migration Status of Household Heads

With respect to the migration pattern from birth place to thepresent slums, Table 19 indicates the results. For example, of the 37household heads born in other slum areas of Bangkok, 28 migrateddirectly to the present place of residence, 8 had first resided in otherslum areas, and one had lived in a non-slum area, so those who camedirectly to the present area represent a greater number. Of the 88 bornin non-slum areas, 57 came directly to the present dwelling places, 26had initially lived in other slum areas, 3 had resided in other non-slumareas, 2 had moved to the northern and southern regions and then came tothe present slums. Of the 188 born in the central area, who representthe majority of all household heads, only 2 had previously migratedthrough the southern region to the slums they are living in now (knownas "step migration"). Most of them came directly to Bangkok (186) andof these, 92 moved directly to the present dwelling places and 81 hadlived in other slum areas, while only 13 had previously lived in non-slum areas.

Of the total 442 household heads (number of valid responses), 55%inclusive of 9 household heads born in the present areas, had moveddirectly to the present areas, 38% via other slum areas, 5% through non-slum areas. Only 2% have previously resided in regions other thanBangkok. These figures indicate that these respondents had a certainamount of information on their destination prior to moving. The lowrate of those who had moved through non-slum areas indicates that slumdwellers experience difficulties living in non-slum areas due to anumber of reasons, including economic ones.

(4) Frequency of Moving of Household Heads and Length of Residence

- 20 -

Table 20 shows the frequency of moving of household heads beforemigrating to the present residence, and the length of residence. Of thetotal number of household heads, 173 had moved twice; 123, once; and 89,three times, which means that as the frequency for moving increases, thenumber of householders decreases. The largest number of times formoving is marked by a man aged 57 years old living in Gunattee, that is9 times. His history from birth to the present residence is as follows:northeastern region (birthplace)- northern region - southern regionnorthern region - other slum - non-slum - other slum (moved 3 times )present slum area. He had moved 9 times within 11 years.

Household headsMorawan. Of the totalGunattee, while 41%Morawan. Those whoGunattee, but Only 18%

in Gunattee moved more frequently than thosenumber of household heads, 22% moved only once(twice as many as the percentage of Gunattee)moved three or more times account for 37%in Morawan.

inininin

Regarding the length of residence, of the total 441 householdheads, "1-3 years" accounts for 50%; "4-10," 31%; and "11 years andlonger," 19%. This means that those who have been living in the presentareas for a shorter period are larger in number. By area, "one year"accounts for 35%, "less than 4 years," 68%; "llyears and longer," 3% inGunattee, indicating that those who have been living in the presentareas for a shorter period account for the majority. In Morawan, on thecontrary, "less than 4 years" accounts for only 8% and "11 years andlonger" represented 61% or the largest number. There is a significantdifference between the two areas in terms of length of residence andfrequency of migration.

(5) Reasons for Migration of Household Heads

In general, people move to other places due to such reasons as"economic", "education", "marriage", and "to accompany family". Thissurvey was conducted using 7 reasons for moving to the current areas;i.e., "marriage", "to accompany family", "occupation/economic reaseons" ,"eviction", "circumstances", lito live alone" and "others". Table 21shows the reasons for moving from place of birth and for moving fromplace of birth and for moving from previous residences to the presentslum areas.

Of the total 437 household heads, 222 (51%) had migrated due to"occupation/economic reasons", 15% "to accompany family" and 13%"marriage". It is interesting to note that 51 or 12% of the totalnumber of household heads were "evicted". Those who responded"eviction" were mostly born in other slum areas or non-slum areas; 40%of those who were born in other slums and 26% of those who were born innon-slum areas were seen to have been "evicted".

- 21 -

Regarding the place of birth, 62% of all household heads from thecentral region, 67% from the northeastern region, 63% from the easternregion, 54 % from the northern region and 71% from the southern regionwere seen to have migrated to the present area of residence due to"occupation/economic reasons", indicating the fact that many respondentshad come to Bangkok for seeking employment opportunities.

As for the reasons for migrating from previous residences to thepresent one, (for those who have moved only once, their birthplaces areregarded as the former residence), of all 311 household heads, 130 (42%)moved due to "economic reasons" and 81 (26%) were "eviction". Thisshows that most of the former residences are also slum areas (refer toTable 19), and they dwelled under insufficient living conditions.Consequently, slum dwellers remain in one place for a relatively shorterperiod, tending to move frequently from one place to another. Among thehousehold heads, new slum areas, such as Gunattee in particular, theyare younger and earn lower incomes, and thus must move from one slumarea to another in order to seek better jobs, or because of being"evicted". The fact is undoubtedly supported by the survey results.

- 22 -

CHAPTER 3

STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 1.Table 2.Table 3.Table 4.Table 5.Table 6.Table 7.Table 8.Table 9.

Table 10.

Table 11.

Table 12.Table 13.Table 14.

Table 15.Table 16.Table 17.Table 18.

Table 19.Table 20.

Table 21.Table 22.

List of Tables

Population by Age & SexAge Structure IndexesMarital Status of Household Head by Sex & AgeEducational LevelFamily structurePopulation of 10 Years Old & Over by Labor Force StatusMonthly Income of Household Head by Occupational StatusMonthly Income per Household by Size of Household MembersThe Number of Injury & Disease by Smoking & Non-Smoking, Ageand SexThe Number of Injury & Disease in the Past 2 Weeks by Type ofDiagnosisThe Number of Injury & Disease in the Past 2 Weeks by Methodof Self-TreatmentMedical Treatment Recipients by Injury & DiseaseMarried Persons by Sex and Age, Type of Contraceptive MethodMarried Persons by Educational Level, Type of ContraceptiveMethodSocial Indexes by CommunityOwnership Status by Type of Durable GoodsMigration Status of Household Head by Sex and AgeThe Number of Household Head by Place of Birth, by Type ofInformation before MigrationThe Number of Household Head by Type of MigrationHousehold Heads by Number of Times for Migration and Numberof Years Lived in the Present ResidenceThe Number of Household Head by Reason for MOVingThe Number of Household Head by Place of Birth and Sex

- 24 -

ALL POPULATION

POPULATION BY AGE & SEXTABLE1-1

COMMUN 11'1 : TOTAL

235 ( lI.C)

.)- ( -)

FEMAI£.)- ( -)

MAlE

- ( -)

II 0 USE II 0 LOll E A 0

TOTAL (1:)

134 ( 12. J)

FEMALE (:l:).)101 ( 9.9>

MAlE.)roTA!.AGEo - 4

103 ( 9.3>5 - ,

10 - 14

209

243

S.8)

11.4)

106

119

10.4 )

11.6) 124 1I.2)

1 ( o.a:

- ( -)0.4 )

- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)

IV

129 ( 12.6)

141 ( 13.8)

107 ( io.s:

82: ( 8.0)

58 ( 5.7>

41 ( 4.6>

41 ( 4.0)

36 ( 3.5>

152 ( 13.8)

145 ( 13.l>

106 ( 9.6)

64 ( 5.8)

70 ( 6.:3>

41 ( 4.3>

49 ( 4.4>

43 ( 3.9)

a ( 1.8)

47 ( 10.6)

65 ( 14.6)

61 ( 13.7)

58 ( 13.1)

46 ( 10.4)

44 ( 9.9)

49 ( 11.0)

4 ( 1.4)

32 ( 11.6)

40 ( 14.4)

42 ( 15.2)

S4 ( 12.3)

31 ( 11.2)

30 ( IO.8)

29 ( 10.5)

4 ( 2.4)

15 ( 9.0)

25 ( 15.0)

19 ( 11.4)

24 ( 14.4)

15 ( 9.0)

14 , 8.4)

20 ( 12.0)

CJlrtOJc+....'"r-r....cOJf-'

"3OJ0-f-'

"'"55 - 59 so 2. S> 2S 2.4) 2S 2.3> 29 6.5) 16 5.8) 13 7.8)

4 ( 0.4)

4 ( 1.4)

60 - 64

65 - 69

70 - 74

31

17

,

1.5)

0.8)

0.4)

16

4

5

1.6)

0.4)

0.5)

15

13

1.4)

1.2)

14

,6

3.2)

2.0)

1.4)

7

4

2.5)

1.4)

7

5

2

4.2)

3.0)

1.2)

75 - 79 6 o.s» 2 0.2) 4 ( 0.4) 5 1.1) 2 0.7) 3 1.8)

4 ( 0.4)

- ( -)80 - 84

85+

7

4

0.3)

0.2)

3 0.:3>

0.1> 3 0.3)

2 0.5) 0.4)

- ( -)0.6)

- ( -)

......tAL 2,128 (100.0) 1.023

TABLEl-2 POPULATION BY AGE & SEX

COMMUN I TY : GUNNATIEE

ALL POPULAT I ON 1l0USElIOLD HEAD

AGE roTAl ,.) MALE ,.) """LE ,.) roTAl ,.) MALE ,., FE>lALE ,.)o - , 170 ( 12.7) 6' ( 10.3) 106 ( 14.8) - , - ) - , - ) - , - )5 - 9 148 ( 11.1) 71 ( 11.4) 77 ( 10.8) - , - ) - , - , - , - )

10 - 14 '39 ( 10.4) 67 ( 10.8) 72 ( 10.1> - , - ) - , - ) - , - )15 - IS 165 ( 12.3) SS ( u. l) 96 ( 13.4) 7 ( 2.3) 4 , 2.2) 9 , 2.4)

20 - 24 190 ( 14.2> 89 e 14.3) 101 ( 14.l) 47 ( 15.2) 92 ( 17.3) 15 ( 12.0)

25 - 29 14' ( 10.5) 75 ( 12.1) 68 , 9.2) 58 ( 18.7) 35 ( 18.9) 23 C 18.4)

'" 90-34 96 , 7.2) 50 , 8.0) 46 , 6.4) 49 ( 15.8) " ( 16.8) 18 ( 14.4)'" 85 - 99 79 , 5.9) 37' 5.S) 42' 5.9) sa ( 12.:3> 21 ( 11.4) 17 ( 13.6)40 - 44 55' 4.1) 29' 4.7) 26 , 3.6) 30 , 9.7) 19 ( 10.3) 11 , 8.8)45 - 49 49 , 3.7> 22 , 3.5) 27 , 3.8) 24' 7.7> 14 , 1.6) 10 , 8.0)50 - 54 41 , 3.1) 21 , S.4) 20' 2.8) 28 , 9.0) 17' 9.2) 11 , 8.8)5S - 59 si , 2.9) 14 , 2.3) 17 , 2.4) 16 , 5.2) 8 , 4.3) 8 , 6.4)60 - 64 t7 , 1.3) 10 , 1.6) 7 , 1.0) 5 , 1.6) 2 , 1.1> 3 , 2.4)65 - 69 7 , 0.5) 1 , 0.2) 6 , 0.8) 5 , 1.6) I , 0.5) 4 , 3.2)70 - 74 2 , 0.1> - , - ) 2 , o.s: 1 , 0.3) - , - ) 1 , 0.8)75 - 7S 2 , 0.1) 1 , 0.2) 1 , c.r: 2 , 0.6) 1 , 0.5) 1 , 0.8)80 - 84 2 , 0.1> 1 , 0.2) I , o.i» - , - ) - , - ) - , - )85+ 3 , 0.2) I , 0.2) 2 , O.:3) - , - ) - , - ) - , - )

roTAl 1.337

TABLEl-3 POPULATION BY AGE & SEX

COMMUNITY: WORAWAN

ALL POPULAr I ON 1I0USEIlOLD II E A 0

AGE roTAL ( , ) MALE ( , ) FE>lALE ( , ) roTAL ( , ) MALE ( , ) FE>IALE ( , )o - 4 65 ( 8.2> 37 ( 9.2) 28( 7.2) - ( - ) - ( - ) - ( - )5 - 9 51 ( 7.7) 35 ( 8.7> 26 ( 6.7) 1 ( 0.7) 1 ( 1.1) - ( - )

10 - 14 ~04 ( 13.1) 52 < 13.0) 52 ( 13.3) - ( - ) - ( - ) - ( - )15 - 19 116 ( 14.7) 60 ( 15.0) 56 ( 14.4) 1 ( ·0.7) - ( - ) 1 ( 2.4)20 - 24 96 ( 12.1) 52 ( 13.0> 44 ( 11.3) - ( - ) - ( - ) - ( - )25 - 29 72( 9.1> 32 ( 8.0) 40 ( 10.:1> 7 ( 5.2) 5 ( 5.4) 2 ( 4.8)

90 - 34- 50 ( 6.3) 32( 8.0) 18 ( 4.6) 12 ( 9.0) 11 ( 12.0) 1 ( 2.4)

35 - 99 49( 6.2) 21 ( 5.2) 28( 7.2) 20 ( 14.9) 19 ( 14.1> 7 ( 16.7>

N 40 - 44 39 ( 4.9) 18 ( 4.5) 21 ( 5.4) 16 ( 11.9) 12 ( 13.0> 4 ( 9.5)--J

45 - 49 41 ( 5.2) 19 ( 4.7) 22( 5.6) 20 ( 14.9) 16 ( 17.4) 4 ( 9.5)

50 - 54 38( 4.8> 15 ( 9.7) 28( 5.9) 21 ( 15.7) 12 ( 13.0) 9 ( 21.4)

55 - 59 19 ( 2.4) 11 ( 2.7) 8 ( 2.1) 13 ( 9.7) 8 ( 8.1> 5 ( U.S)

60 - 64- 14 ( 1.8) 6 ( 1.5) 8 ( 2.1) 9 ( 6.7) 5 ( 5.4) 4 ( 9.5)

65 - 69 10 ( 1.9) 3 ( 0.1> 7 ( 1.8) 4 ( 3.0) 3 ( 9.3) 1 ( 2.4)

10 - 74 7 ( 0.9) 5 ( 1.2) 2 ( 0.5) 5 ( 3.7) 4 ( 4.3) 1 ( 2.4>

15 - 79 4 ( 0.5) 1 ( 0.2) 3 ( 0.8) 3 ( 2.2) 1 ( 1.1 ) 2 ( 4.8>

80-84 5 ( 0.6) 2 ( 0.5) 3 ( 0.8) 2 ( 1.5) 1 ( 1.U 1 ( 2.4>

85· 1 ( 0.1) - ( - ) 1 ( 0.:1> - ( - ) - ( - ) - ( - )roTAL 791 (100.0) 401 (100.0 ) 390 (100.0) 134 (100.0) 92 (100.0) 42 000.0)

TABLE2 SEX-AGE STRUCTURE INDEXES

COMMUNITY

TOTAL GUNNATTEE MORAWAN

1 SEX RATIO 92.5 86.9 102.8

2 PERCENT OF CHILD POPULATION 32.3 34.2 29. 1

3 PERCENT OF WORKING POPULATION 65.7 64.6 67.5

4 PERCENT OF AGED POPULATION 2.0 1.2 3.4tvcc

5 DEPENDENCY RATIO 19.9 21.5 17.2

6 CHILD DEPEl\TDENCY RATIO 49.1 52.8 43.1

7 OLD DEPENDENCY RATIO 3. 1 1.8 5. 1

8 CHILD-AGED RATIO 18.3 9.4 41.5

9 CHILD-WOMAN RATIO 37. 1 42.1 28.4

10 MEAN AGE 24.1 22.9 26.1

11 MEAN AGE OF HOUSEHOLD HEAD 39.8 36.6 47.2

TABLE3-1 MARITAL STATUS OF HOUSEHOLO HEAD BY SEX & AGE

(X)MMINITY ; TOTAL

TOT II I. S I NCLE M II II n I E II DIVORCED SErAltATEll WIDOWI.;!)

Act-; l1l.I£ (,,) ~lJ,W£ ( '1) WAIF- ('I:) Fl-)W£ ( :E) WJ£ ('1) l-loWJ.E ( 1:) 1oWF. (,,) l'1'WJ1": ( ,,) WJ£ (,,) l"E)W£ ( 1:) llAlF. (1:) Fi'},W.E ( :I )

'"'"

o - 1~

IS - 19

20 - 24

ZS - 2!l

00-"3S - :1:1

40 - 44

45 - 411

so-"55 - 59

60-6<

6S - 69

ro - 74

7S - 7$

80-6<

os·

l (100.0>

4 (100.0)

~ 000.0)

40

'"

IS 000.0>

ZS 000.0>

19 (100.0>

U. (100.0>

15 000.0>

101 000.0)

:0 000.0>

13 000.0)

( 100.0)

( 100.0>

( 100.0>

(100.0)

(100.0)

- ( -)

- ( -):I < 75.0)

4 ( 12.5)

2: ( S.O)

- ,I ( 2.9)

6.S)

- ( -). _ 1 .

- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)

- ,- ( -)

- ,l (25.0>

2: ( 13.:1>

- ( -)- ( -)2: ( 8.31

L ( 6.7)

- ( - 1

- ,- ( -)

- ,- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)

I (100.0)

l ( 25.01

211 ( 51.5>

37 (n.5)

41 (97.6)

:12 ( ~4.l>

26 (6:l.~)

21 ( 30.0)

27 ( 33.1)

16 (100.0)

( 11.·0

( 75.0)

c 75.0)

( 100.0)

- ,- ( -)

- ( -)

:I ( 75.0)

( 40.0)

14 (56.0)

10 (52.G)

16 (G6. 7)

7 (46.7)

4 ( 26.6)

5 ( 25.0)

6 (46.2)

( 14.:1)

( 20.0)

- ( -)- ( ~)- ( -)

- ,

- ( -)

- { - l

- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)I ( %.9)

- ( -)a ( 6.1)

1 ( ;"·0

- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)

- ( -)- ( -)

( 1:1.:1)

z ( 8.0)

( %6.3)

I ( 4.%)

- ( -):I (21.4)

.( (20.0)

- ,- )

- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)

- )- )

- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)1 ( %.5>

1 ( z..()

~ ( -)

% ( 6.5)

I ( :1.:1)

I" ( :I•.()

-,- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)

-,- ,

- ( -)- ( -)

( 1:1.:1)

'fT ( %0.0)

I ( 5.:1)

1 ( .(.V

2 ( 1:1.9)

a ( 1.(.:1)

( 10.0)

- ( -)- ( -)I (20.0)

- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)

- { - l

- ,- ( -)

- ( -)

- ( -)- ( -)I ( :I.V

- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)% ( Z8.(l)

I < 25.0)

I (25.0)

- ( -)I (HX).O)

- ,

- ( -)

- ( -)

:I ( %0.0)

.( { ](l.O)

( 15.8)

4 ( IG.7)

( :1:1.:1)

( :IS.7)

( 45.0)

( 53.")

c as.7)

( 60.0)

(lOO.O)

3 000.0)

I 000.0)

- ( -.)

6 ( z.%). 55 (3203)16 ( 9.1D6 ( Z.%)11 ( 10.:1:>, < c'·c'c'_-"'-'-'-=.:-_-:..-:..--=-=-_--=-"--'--=-'-_"-.:-=.:--=-_=--:.=-=_6 (:1.6) U3 (89.:1)12 ( 4.3)m (100.0) un 000.0>"'l.

TABLE3 -2CCNMINITY : C{NWlllU:

MARITAL STATUS OF HOUSEHOLD HEAD BY SEX & AGE

TOT II 1. SIN C I. F. Mil 1\ II I F. n O:'>'ORCEP SEJ'AllATEll WlllOW!':I)

ACE IoW.E (:I I 1'ElW.l': ( 1:) WJJ-: (:I:) I'''WJ£ ( '1:) 1lAlF. (,,) 1'1

TABLE3 - 3COMMIlN 111' MQl\AWi\N

MARITAL STATUS OF HOUSEHOLD HEAD BY SEX & AGE

TOT A l. SIN G I. E l.l" n u I E n I) I VOIlCElO SEI'AIIATEO WII)()WI':ll

AC!': WJJo: ('I:) l'l)W.t: ( l:) w.u: (:l:) !'&WE ( lC) IlAlJ.; (l:) I'F)WF. ( :c) 1lAlF. (:z) FI·lW£ ( 1: I IW£ (S) flo)wF. ( lI:) 1lAl£ (:E) ('l-)W£ ( :I: )

w....

o - 14

I:> - I'

20 - Z4

25 - z,"'-Mss -:13

40 - 44

45 - "

so-"55 - $9

60 - 64

55 --6'

10 - 74

75 - 7:1

60-",,-rorc,

1 (IOO.OJ

- ( -)

- ( -)000.0)

II (l00.0)

1:1 (100.0J

\2 (100.0)

16 (100.0)

12 000.0>

(100.0)

(\00.0)

( 100.0>

.( (lOa.O)

:I 000.0)

(100.0)

'4 (100.0)

000.0)

( 100.0)

2;

a (28.6)

1 (25.0)

- >

- ( -)- ( -)

- >

- ( -)... ( -)

- ( -)- >

- ( -)

s ( 7.1)

I 000.01

- ( -)- ( -).( (80.01

11 000.0)

13 ClOO.O)

10 (83.3)

16 ClOO.O)

11 ( 91.7)

000.0)

4 (80.0)

(IOO.O)

( 75.0)

(100.0)

- ( -)- ( -)

8S (92.4)

- ( -)1 OOO.Il)

- ( -)

1 (SO.Il)

1 (100.1l)

3 (42.:1)

( SO.Il)

( SIl.O)

1 ( u. I)

1 (20.0)

- ( -)- ( -)

- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)

12 (28.6)

- ( - l

- ( -)

- ( - l

- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)

- >

8.3)

- ( -)- >

- ( -)- ( -)

- >

- ( -)- ( -)

I ( 1.1)

- ( -)- ( -)

- >

- >

- ( :-)- >

- >

- >

- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)

- >

- ( -)

- ( -)

- ( -)- ( -)

- >

I (20.0)

- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)I ( 1.1)

- ( -)- ( -)- ( ~ - )I (SO.O)

- ( -)- >

- >

- ( -)( %2.2)

- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)3 ( 7.1)

- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)I ( 8.3)

- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)

( 20.0)

- >

( 25.0)

- ( -)

TABLE4 EDUCATIONAL LEVELro.NlNllY : TOTAL

II 0 USE II 0 I. I) IIEAD NJ. 01' lk)IJSHk)lD lJfJ.GIBl'1(",em 6 A.'ll own)

rm-TOTAl. , I t.lIClIA/iTS ( , I t.lIGlVoNTS , I WoI1: , I 1'f}.WF. ( , I

--------~

see " 9.5> 31 10, I) II 6.2) 52 8.4) 117 15.1 )I'IWWIY I 20 6.(;) 15 4.9l I' 10.4 ) 105 lG.S) 115 14. :nI'lHt.lMY 2 217 62.7) 205 66.6) 72 53.1) 202 se.si 2" 38.5)SEONlAIlV 82 18.6) " 15.9) " 24.6) 200 37.9) 219 28.3)lIIell scoa. 2.0) 5 1.6) 3.0) ea 3.5 ) 21 2.7)lNl vmsITY 0.7) a 1.0) - I 0.6) 0.5)

T1lTAL H2 119 33.2) 180 se.ar

SE

TABLE4 EDUCATIONAL LEVEL

ro.l\lINllY : "~)I\hW!lN Continued

IlOUSEIlOI. I> II E hI> m. 01' IkXlSHklID 1./fJolI»lIS("'Gm 6 N~ O\'F]U

t&-TOT...1. ( , I t.lIGl\mTS ( , I WIGHAN1S , I IJAU'; , I Il:J,I}.lE ( , I

m-F. 11 12.8) 13 16..:1> 1.5) 23 6.7) " 15.4 )PRIWJIY 5,,3) 3.8) 1.5) " 11.0) " 15,4 )IIflIWJW 2 60 60.2) 49 61.3) 31 58.5) es 31.4> "' 31.9)SEo:NWW " ( 16.0) ta 15.0) ta 22.6) In< 3~.4 ) 86 27.7)nun scccc 3,0) 2.5) 3.8) 3.4> • 2.6)WIVmSllY 0.6) 1.3) - I - I 1.0)

TOTAL '"

TABLE6-1 POPULATION OF 10 YEARS OLD & OVER BY LABOR FORCE STATUS

COM.\lIJNITY : TOTAL

A , LAllon FOUCI( B) NOT IN LABOR FORCE TOTAl. LABOR FORCEOOV.IT'lIlV. (Mill P,o.RTlCIPATlON,AT<

A-TOTAl. ...""""" """",,D ~}4I'DYE"; IOlIKBlS W!-liOIANT n-rorer. HOUS£KEEI'ING Sll.OIN1' onee0+L+2:+3 00 0 '" 1+2+'

TABLE6 - 2

OJMMLN ITV G{ffiAl1H~

POPULATION OF 10 YEARS OLD & OVER BY LABOR FORCE STATUS

, ) l. A non FOIICE B) NOT IN LABOR FORCE TOTAl. LAOOl1: PORCECOV./'mIV. (,\_u) ~.J!CIPATlON

A-TOTAl. """'''"" fJ4'l.o'l1':D ~)(l'lDm: WOllKfollS Ill'lICIANT B-TOTAL HOtlSt':KEf:P1N(; SlUJI':NT ornaisO+I':.~_ '" ( 85.:n I.:: ( 41.6> ., 0,9) lot6 (42.8) '" us rs sea ".,w

vi m,,,,- 151 (100.0) lD4 ~ 13.6) GU (86.:0 .. It ( Sol.n '" 3.1> 213 (28.4) ". '" '« t 1.0\3 73.7"""""""'I>'"" \84 '(lOO.O) s < '7' 173 ( 97.3) 127 (63.0) u < 6.0l 41 (2z,,3) I , '" 99.50ffiW£ 103 (100.0) , , 3.9) 99 (96. \) 45 ( 43.7> I , 1.0> 53 (51.S> ea aa '" ".,,orAl. 287

ij2f~·

~i

•0

~~~,; ,

:i:i

~<

_..~;il

~§

;;•a

I'!~

'""'

~.

••

:::JU

s"

l-o

0:"'

I-"

i-s

"'"

o-

w!:1

~!

Io

~

a:

"5.1

,0

"Iu

,l-i

I"

e"

oa:

z

~~I0

;;;co0:

t:s

N0

•.J

..>-co

~;;~

00

~a:

•..

•Ii

w>

;~:I0

••

;"

o

TABLE7 MONTHLY INCOME OF HOUSEHOLD HEAD INCOME

BY OCCUPATIONAL STATUSCOIIMUNITY : TOTAL

MONTHLY GOV.jPRIV.

INCOME (BAIITS) TOTAL l!\'E),lPLOYED EMPLOYEE WOIlKEllS MEllClIANT.._--~--~-------

0 20 20

I - 999 22 II 10

1,000 - 1.500 130 80 3 47

1,501 - 2,000 91 65 3 23

2.001 - 3.000 104 15 6 23

3,001 - 5,000 23 14 4 5

5,000 OVER 8 5 2

NO ANSWEll

TOTAL 398 20 250 18 110

MEAN 1.963 2,109 2,605 1.882------.~-----_._-_._--_._-- --

COMMUNITY : GUNNATTEE

MONTHLY GOV./PRIV.INCOME (BAHTS) TOTAL l!\'E),lPLOYED EMPLOYEE WOIlKEllS MEllClwrr

----------

0 9 9

I - 999 11 1 9

1,000 - 1.500 104 62 2 40

1.501 - 2.000 60 39 3 18

2.001 - 3.000 11 52 2 23

3,001-5,000 14 6 3 5

5,000 OVER 6 5

NO ANSWEll

TOTAL 281 9 111 12 95

MEAN 1,946 2.010 2,515 1.828

- 37 -

TABLE7 MONTHLY INCOME OF HOUSEHOLD HEAD INCOMEBY OCCUPATIONAL STATUS

CO\IMLNITY : MmAWAN Continued

MONTHLY GOV./PRIV.INCOME (BAHTS) TOTAL L!'IEJ,IPLOYEll EMPLOYEE WOllKEI1S MEI101!1NT

0 II II

I - 999 5 4

1.000 - 1,500 26 18 7

1,501 - 2.000 31 26 5

2.001 - 3,000 27 23 4

3,001 - 5.000 9 8

5.000 O\Ul 2 2

I\\l ANSWEI1

TOTAL III II 79 6 15

MEAN 2.005 2,192 2.666 2.226

- 38 -

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~

Ww

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0J:

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WNu;>-~

••

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CD.;

Q..J0J:•

~w

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0J:a:~

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0-

"W::;0o

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l-•

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~is

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0~

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gg

00

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g"

ur~i[

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,;~

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,,

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TABLE9-1 THE NUMBER OF INJURY & DISEASE BY SMOKING & NON-SMOKING, AGE AND SEX, BOTH SEXES

ro-IMIMW : TOTAl.

S " 0 K, N G N 0 N - S " 0 K , N G

"""

5 - , '" as, ,

""10 - 14 '" " , , , '"IS - 15 ae a eo '" 25 5 a a '"20 - 24 tc , a , OS '" ra a , a , s '0125-" es a z , rs ", " , , r '"

A 30-3< " n, - a es sa • a , a es

~

$ - 59 3< r a a " 60 a a , , a , sa40 - 44 ac e a , 1 as as e , a a a 55

TABLE9-2 THE NUMBER OF INJURY & DISEASE BY SMOKING & NON-5MOKING, AGE AND SEX, MALE

COMMINITY : TOTAL

S " 0 K 1 N G N 0 N::.---.S--M- 0 K --l---N G

ccsmo- CAS'llO-ACE eo IIFSI'lllAT- 1tm-:ST1NA1. NrnVOUS. SKIN FATIGUe 011U"l1S TOTAl. eo nF:SPlRAT- INTESTINAl. N!']\VOlli. Sl(IN I"ATlCUE OTIIEl\S rotc.

lUM'..";S OIlY 11\ACT n

TABLE9-3 THE NUMBER OF INJURY & DISEASE BY SMOKING & NON-SMOKING. AGE AND SEX. FEMALE

roMMlJN 111' : TOTAL

S " 0 K I N G N 0 N - S " 0 K-T- N G

cssrno- ccsmo-ACE eo lIESI'IHAT- INTESTlN.\1. NBI'IllUS. SKIN FATIGUE 01lll-US roTM. ro ueseuwr- 1Nll-:STlNAl. NEJtvOtlS. SKIN Jl'ATIGW onnns lOr/ll.

ll..l.NI':S.'i alYlllACT nvcr ANXIF.TY DISEASE BliCK "AIN IU.NI-:SS OIty nlACT nucr IMIF.rt' IllS£A$f. llACK l'AIN

o - , ss 35 I I - 2 '"5-3 87 lZ I , '"

JO - 14 - '" 15 , a I '"IS - 19 , , '26 15 5 - 2 a '"20 - 24 a , , 120 " 2 • 2 , 2 '

~" ,"

~"n

~~

~,

~~

~N

~n

N

<n

"Q

~N

~Q

•n

nQ

,W

m•

XIi

w...,

~

Z~§

Q

0

U.

~~~

00:~

,,~~W

N~

co~~.

:2~

~

::>z1-0••

Qs

Ng

W;=~

J:e,~"

...._

0

....~

~~

"~

~~

~~

""

2~

.;;

=w?:

...J~

co§,

~~

~~

~~

n~

8l~

~~

~~

.·

~..:

",

,,

,,

,,

,,

Q

....<

0~

~~

~~

gII

0~

~~

s:z

Rl"

~:z

.•

44

TABLE9 -5 THE NUMBER OF INJURY & DISEASE BY SMOKING & NON-SMOKING, AGE AND SEX, MALE

lIlAT- INTESTINAl.. M'l'IVOUS, ""N FATIeUE 011U:IlS TOTALlU.NES." em l1lACT 11l11CT ANXI~:TY DlSEA$£ MQ( l'A1N llJ.N!':SS ow l1Vr.CT n~CT ANXIETY DISF..ASJo: neoc l'''IN--~

o - • " 16 , ".5 -. 51 15 5 71

\0 - 14 55 • a a 67\S - 19 aa a " se e - "20 - 24 37 6 , , 2 a so .. a a as2S - 29 ae , , - a , " " 7 - , sa00-" 26 8 a , - 2 ss 8 s - - - IIos- .. " • -

, as 8 • , - , "...'" 40 - 44 15 a a - -

, , ar e s , , - 845 - 4$ a a - - - a a 17 a aSO-SA 8 a , e " e 1 I , a 855 - 59 5 , , - - - z s • I - - - 560-" 7 - - - , - 8 a - - - - - a65 - 69

70 - 74

15 - 79

SO-8A

as.

rota, 188 " 6 • 2 6 17 ZSO 275 T1 e • a 17 '"

TABLES-6 THE NUMBER OF INJURY & DISEASE BY SMOKING & NON-SMOKING. AGE AND SEX. FEMALE

COMMUNITY GUNNArll·]~

S " 0 K I N C N 0 N S "-6 K I N G

Gl>S11lO- Gi\S111O-ACE eo nESI'lllAT- 1Nll-:STlNAl. N''''',,"S. SKIN l'''TlCUll: 01111-)($ TOTAl. '" l\ESPIIIAT- INTESTlW.I. NI:l\VOUS. SK'N FATIGUE crnae rotc.ILJ.NESS OIlY l1lACT nucr N«IF.:TY DISEASE Il/lQ( l'AIN 11l.Nf.SS OOY lllACT uecr ANXIETY O!SEAst: nsoc PAIN---------~---_.~ .~ ..._------ ------ - --- ~--_.__.._----_ .. -_._.-o • , ta 3Q , , a 106.,- , sa 10 , , 77

10 - 14 sa " s 2 "15 - 19 , I 76 iz , e a es20 - 24 e I 3 77 10 a • a I a sa... 2S - 29 s 5 .. 3 I a . 5 61

'" 3Q'34 , 2 . I 6 31 3 a 3 - . I 4035 - 39 a a I a - I , 20 • I 3 I I • 3440 - 44 • - I I . - - 6 , 5 I a 3 2045 - 49 3 I I 5 ta a I I . , 3 aaSO - 54 1 - - - - 1 I e 10 I - a • 1755 - 59 a I 1 - - • , I I I I I 1360-64 1 - - - - - . I I I a . a - s65 - 69 I - - - - - . I 3 I - - I 570 - 74 - - - - . . - a15 - 79

60'64

85+ - - - - - - - a - - - - zrorc, as 6 e a a I 5 43 '85 10' 16 13 5 15 3Q era

TABLE9 -7 THE NUMBER OF INJURY & DISEASE BY SMOKING & NON-SMOKING, AGE AND SEX, BOTH SEXES

COMMINITY MOII/lWi\N

S " 0 K I N G N 0 N - S " 0 K I N G'CASTl\O- cssmo-

ACE eo IIES1'lltAT- lNll'.ST1NAl. NSIVOUS. SKIN I'A11GUE OTIlHIS TOTAl. ro IW'sPIIIIIT- 1NTl-:STlNr'.l. renvous. SKIN FATIGUE 01111-]1$ roTAI.llJ.N!':SS OIY uvcr nacr """lEn D1Sf.AS!': UAO< l'A1N 11l.Nf.SS alY nucr l1tACT ANX1F.TY OISF.ASE llllO< r.... lN

o - , 52 " 2 655 - , 57 , 61

10 - 14 10' I I III<

15 - 19 IS IS 84 4 a I 101

20 - 24 " I sa 63 I 642S - 29 ee I " 40 I 2 I - I 4S...

I-.J 00-84 16

I 18 ea 2 - I sa35 - 33 14 I - - IS sa I I - - 8440 - 44 " 1 - - 12 " - - - at45 - 43 14 - a - a " 14 e - a - I a 2250 - 54 14 - - - a 16 14 a - - a 4 2255 - 53 6 - - I - 1 10 - I - I "60 - 64 3 1 - - - 4 4 a 1 - - e 1065 - 63 1 1 - - - - - , 5 1 - - - - z ,70 - 74 a 1 - - - a 475 - 73

80-84 - - - - - - 585+

roTAL 153 e 3 1 - - 5 110 S58 " 6 6 - a 11 621

TABLES-S THE NUMBER OF INJURY & DISEASE BY SMOKING & NON-SMOKING, AGE AND SEX, FEMALE

OOMMINITY MOHAWAN

S " 0 K I N C N 0 N - S " 0 K I N GCASllU)- ccsno-

ACE eo uesr-uwr- INTESTlNr\I. NEII>01JS, SK'N l'/lTiOUE OnU,JlS TOTAl. ro /tESrIlV,T- 1NTl':STI!'W. NIo11VOllS. SKIN f"ATlGUE mums mT1I1.IlJoNESS OIlY lIlAC!' nucr """,,m DlS~;ASF. llACK 1'"IN IU.NESS OOY uucr nvcr ANXU:TY OlSEhSE HAO< PAIN

o - • as 5 26

5-' " 2 26\0 - 14 SO , I 52IS - 19 SO , 2 I 5620 - 24 - " I ..2S - 2(1 a 2 3< a I - I ae"'-3< - - 16 I - - I 18...

'" 3S - 39 1 - - I as - - I - 2740 - 44 I - - I 20 - - - - - - 2045 - 49 I - - - - I e rs a - a I a 20SO - 54 a - - - - a " a - - I • 21SS - 59 - - - - - - - 1 - - I - - 860 - 64 - - - - - - - e a - I - - a 865 - 69 - - - - - - - 510 - 74 - - - - - - a - - - - 275 - 79

80-8< - - - a - - - - a85+

roTAL 1 - - - - I • '" " •, - a " ,.,

TABLE10-1 THE NUMBER OF INJURY & DISEAE IN THE PAST 2 WEEKS BY TYPE OF DIAGNOSIS

COMMUNITY: TOTAL

IU..NESS TOTAL SELF - PARENTS/ mAO1TIQ"IW. 00CT0ll ""ToIAGr'.QS 1$ naxrIVF.S llEALER APPLICABLE----_.._------~ - '---

RESPIRhTonY lRACf 2'5 101 33 - 111'"0

GASmO - INTESTINAL mAcr 33$ " - 19NERVOUS. ANXIETY 36 21 1 - "SKIN DISEASE 9 2 1 - 6FATIGUE. BAa< PAIN 27 19 - - 8

,l$ 91 22 6 - 69N::l lUNESS 1.684 - - - - 1.684TOTAL 2.128 179 44 - 221 1.664----- ---

TABLE10- 2 THE NUMBER OF INJURY & DISEAE IN'THE PAST 2 WEEKS BY TYPE OF DIAGNOSIS

COMMUN ITY : GUNNATIEE

1u.NESS TOTAL SEtF - PARENTS/ lRADlTIONAL 00CT0Il rorDIACN)SIS RElATIVES IIEAI..ER APPlICADlE

RESPIMTOOY TRACT 204 90 28 - 86GASmo - INIESTINAL TRAer 27 12 I - 14

enNERVOUS. ANXlEIY 29 20 1 - 8

....I $KIN DISEASE 9 2 1 - 6

FATIGUE. BAa< PAIN 24 19 - - 5OlliERS 69 19 6 - 44

915 - - - - 915

TOTAL 1.337 162 31 - 163 915

TABLE10- 3 THE NUMBER OF INJURY & DISEAE IN'THE PAST 2 WEEKS' BY TYPE OF DIAGNOSIS

COMMLNITY : MORAWAN

1!l.NESS TOTAL SELF - PARENTS/ 1TW)lTlaiAL OOCTOI\ "'TDIASI$ RElATIVES llEiILER APPLIC\DLE

RESPIRATORY lRACT 41 II 5 - 25enN

GASlnO - INTESTINAL lRAcr • 2 2 - 5NERVOUS. ANXIETY 7 I - - 6SKIN DISEASE

FATIGUE. BAO< PAIN 3 - - - 3OTHERS 22 3 - - I'"'1!l.NESS 709 - - - - 709

TOTAL 791 17 7 - 58 70.'---------- --------

TABLE11 THE NUMBER OF INJURY & DISEASE IN THE PAST 2 WEEKS BYMETHOD' OF SELF-TREATMENT

(').)W.lINrlY lOTAI.

IlJM-:'C;S l'OTAl.

n£S\'lllhTmy uwcr '"CASmo - IN1F.STtNAl. lltACT as

t-rnvous, OOtEn' se

SKIN DISEASE e

FATICI£. !lAO( rAIN 27

omrns '0m IllMSS \,684

TOTAL 2.126

m SFlF-11lF.AlloltNf

8

e

a

33

'04

CIVf. SFlF -lIWA1J.!l.}(f

145

17

22

17

33

236

USEllWJITIOOI.

IIEAlmeor

Al'I'I,ICJJll£

"5

23

1,683

1.167

CalMtNITY GIN'lArJEE

US>IUN':SS rorc. m I'm: - GIVF: SEll' - l1WHTI

5

,

mTM'I'I,ICAlIU:

2

18

GIVE SOl' -ll\EATlll'NT

11

r.n st]J· -lIWAllU-:NT

----

3

'0

TOT...I.IIJNl;:SS

CAS1110 - ImEST\NM. llV.CT

ru:SI'Il\A1OOY U\hCT

TABLEll THE NUMBER OF INJURY & DISEASE IN THE PAST 2 WEEKS BYMETHOD!' OF SELF-TREATMENTI

aJ,l.\lINllY : MatAWAN Continued

IlSEl11AD1TlCWJ.

usnm

Nfl\yOUS. N«IETY 2

Sl

TABLE12 MEDICAL TREATMENT RECIPIENTS BY INJURY & DISEASE

CQMMlr..ul'Y : TOTAL

AllSF-NT

SEE OOCTOlt F II 0 III .0 n K flCTUAL o A Y S UNDEn uo sr t r e i. i z x r r o e

IU1'4iSS roTA!. '" YES TOTAl. '" YES roTAI. 0, , • 3 , • 7 8 - 14 IS - 26 29 - GO 60 OVI1I

.. -RESPlllA'WIY l1\ACT '" ,,. '" ,n '" " '" TO' , a a 3CASnlO - INTESTiNAl. nacr se " ao se aa " ss es

, , aen NERVOUS. fo.NXlETY ee ao " se ao e se aeen

SKIN DISEASE , a 7 a 8 , aFATlCUE. MOC PAIN ee 18 8 T7 ie , T7 aeOTIlEnS " as es " 57 34 " 81

, , e a a""UNESS 1.682 1.682 1.682 1.682 ,.sea i.eea

roTAI. 2.127 1.902,,. 2.128 2.021 107 2.126 2.OS3 5 5 7 5 z s a

TABLE12 MEDICAL TREATMENT RECIPIENTS BY INJURY & DISEASE(",QfI.\MINITY : Gtffill1TI:E

AllSI::NTSEE OOCTOR F II 0 N .011 K " C T U II l. DAY S UNO f. II HOSPITALIZATION

IlJ.Nl':XS TOTAl. ", TI» TOTAl. ro YES TOTAl. 0 I ,- , • - 7 6 - 14 15 - Z8 2~ - GO GO own.-.----------- -------- -_._-. ----- _..- ._------

IIESI>IHATaIY nucr 200 118 88 "0 170 ae 200 108 2 2 2en GASnlO - INTESTINr\l. lRACT 27 13 " 27 is 8 27 ea'" NEIt~. ANXIETY aa 18 11 as as • es es

SKINOlSfASE , 2 7 s 8 I , eFATICUE. BAa< PAIN za 18 5 " 10 8 " ascnens ss aa " es " 20 es sa",IU>ESS 975 975 975 975 - 975 '75

11>T"- 1.338 1. 161 171 I.'" 1.250 88 I.'" r. SZO I 5 5 3 2

TABLE12 MEDICAL TREATMENT RECIPIENTS BY INJURY & DISEASECOMMlNITY : MOIl1\WAN

Continuodan s e N T

SEE DaCTon F II 0 lot .011 K " C T U A I. o A Y S UNDER HOSPITAl.IZATION

IIl.NESS TOTAL >0 YES TOTAl. >0 YES TOTAl. a , 2 -, , - 7 8 - 14 15 - 26 2:1 - GO GO 0Vl::l1- -- --------~---,._-------

ItfSl'lllAIOltY necr " te as " " 7 et aeCASmo- INTESTINAL TlthCf , a 6 , , 6 , 6NStVOUS. N«IETY 7 2 5 7 5 2 7

'" SKIN DISEASE"FATICUE. 6/10< PAIN , s , 20""" 22 5 17 22 " 8 22 18>O'IJ.NESS 707 707 - 707 707 707 707

TOTAL 78' 7" " 78' 765 24 78' tta 4 - 2 2 - 2-----_.

TABLE13-1 MARRIED PERSONS BY SEX AND AGE, TYPE OF CONTRACEPTIVE METHOD

COMMINITY : TOTAL

C E " A I. ETYPE OJl' CONTRACEPTlUE METHOD TOT" r. II A L F.'" '" TOTAr, '" 0- 14 15 - 24 2S-24 35 - 4" 45 t. 0Vl-)1

~T CUllUoNTl.Y IJ. 117 ( 14.J> 112 ( 13.5) , 48 es 27ctCO

CUWNTLY USElXMRAa:PTlVE PIU.s " ( 11.7) - ,, ) 97 ( 11.7) 54 ( 11.4) - 5 8 II 70TOTAL 827 (100.0) 414 (50.1> 413 (49.9) I 118 120 91 83

TABLE13- 2 MARRIED PERSONS BY SEX AND AGE, TYPE OF CONTRACEPTIVE METHOD

COMMUNITY C;IJNNArl1·:

F , " A r. ,TYPE or CONTRACEf'TIl,IE N m«)D TOT A l. M" 1. E'" '" TOTAl. '" o - 14 IS - 2 , ( 0.4 ) 46( 8.7> 6 21 18ClRRENTLY USE OTHER t.IE'J1-KX> - ( - ) - ( - ) - ( - )

StB-l'OTA1. 147 C 27.8) " ( 2.3> 135 ( 25.5) - so 52 "sor APPLICABLE 228 ( 43.1) 174 ( 32.9) 54 ( 10.2) - , , 7 asTOTAL 529 (100.0) 265 (SO. I) 264 (49.9> I er 77 sa ea

TABLE13- 3 MARRIED PERSDNS BY SEX AND AGE, TYPE OF CONTRACEPTIVE METHOD

COMMlJN ITY : MOHAWAN

I' E ", t. E

TYP£ OF CONTRACEP'MUE MEnion TOT /I r. N 1\ t. E

'" '" TOTAl. '" o - 14 15 - 24 25 - 34 3S - 44 45 t. OVI-]II'.QT CUUIEN11.Y usc N\U !IIJT PIAN TO USE as ( 21.lil 36 ( 12.1) ,,( :1.1 ) 7 ia to

I'«lT ClIUUM1.Y USE IlUT ['IAN TO USE " ( 3.4 ) 2 ( 0.7) .( 2.7>SW-TOTAL 75 ( 25.:n 38 ( 12.8) 37 ( 12••1) 11 14 12

'"0cumENTLY USE

TABLE14- 1 MARRIED PERSONS BY EDUCATIONAL LEVEL, TYPE OF CONTRACEPTIVE METHOD

COMMtNITY : TOTAl.

• , I. E F E • , I. e'rY"PE 01" CONTRACEPTlUE METHOD TOTAl. - l'lUMAlIY st·:o:Nl,·.IIY 'TEItTIARY lOrAI. .... l'lUMAlIY S[o;aNWlY TERTIARY~~._..

001 OJUU-NIl.Y USE Mt) !'(IT l'1.A'" TO ust; \00 6 ta ee 5 8Z ra sa is

NOT ClItltr:NTLY USl-; llUT I'IAN TO US( 8 e 2 so a zo 7

SID-TOTAL 1\7 6 78 28 5 112 15 ta aa

a.nRENn..Y USE CCMl\ACEPTlVE ?IU.s - ee 10 '" 21CLRIIDffi.'f USE o:t{11\ACEPTlVE lNJECTI(X\I - " a 17 5et.RJIDm.y USE ccoos a

'" ctRRENTLY USE uo - - - 7 I 5.....ctRRENTLY USE t.lAL£ SlE\ILlZATIQII 17 - 8ctRRENTLy USE FDW.E STERll.lZATll)Il a a - - 78 a '" 4ctRRENTLY USE 01liER ME'Il(X)

SW-TOTAl. 21 10 1\ - '08 ea 15\ so 5

I'm APPLICABLE '76 " '92 '",

" " '" 6TOTAL 414 " '60 103 13 414 61 287 ss

,

TABLE14- 2 MARRIED PERSONS BY EDUCATIONAL LEVEL, TYPE OF CONTRACEPTIVE METHOD

COMMllNl TY (aJNNA"I-j"I']':

" A I,, , ,

" A I,,

TYPE OF CONTRACEP1'1U£ MeTHOO TOT"I. """ l'lIIWtJIY SElXNlAJIY TERTIARY TOTAl. ....: 1'1UIoIAlIY SEQN}A1IY TERTIARYMIT OIUIEN'll.Y USE ANI) sot ['IAN TO USE 73 \ st \1 • sa 6 " 6 a!\OT CU\l\FNll.Y USE mIT PIAN TO USE 6 5 I 2Z a IS.

SW-TOTAL ta \ 56 IS • 7S 8 54 Il 2'"N CUU\ENTt.Y USE T IVE PIus ea • " 16

CUU\ENTt.y USE a:MTIACEPTlVE INJECTICI'l 20 \ "CUU\ENTt.y USE~ 2

CUU\ENTt.y USE [LV - - 6 I 5a..wtENTt.Y USE WJ..E STEJlIL1ZATlON 8 3

ClMENTl..Y use fE).lALE STf.RILlZATlCl'l 2 2 - as • asClffiEI','TLY USEOTIlER ME;TH(l[)

SL5-TOTAl.. 12 - 5 1 - \36 10 100 23 a

OOT APPL10lBLE 114 1 123 as 5 54 Il 38 5

TOTAL 265 8 \84 84 s 26S as \92 ss 5

TABLE14- 3 MARRIED PERSONS BY EDUCATIONAL LEVEL, TYPE OF CONTRACEPTIVE METHOD

c;a.wtNllY : MOIV\Wt\N

• • L E F E • • L ETYPE OF CONTRAC£P11t/t METHOD rorn, """ 1'lI'lW\'{ SE

TABLE15 SOCIAL INDEXES BY COMMUNITY

roTAL ( , ) GI1'l'MnEE ( , ) t.OOAWAN ( , )A) TYPEor lAmlNE

TOTAL .44 ( IOO.O) 309 ( 100.0) 135 3 1.0) - )

6. DEEP "''Ell 'AIm 18 4.1 ) - ( - ) I" 13.3)

C) 1YPE OF 'fArm Fro ro.!ESTlC USE

TOTAL 445 ( 100.0) 310 ( 100.0) 135 ( 100.0)

I. PIPED WATER 38' 86. I) 310 ( 100.0) 1S 54. I )

a, RAIN WArm 0.2) - ( - ) 0.7>3. DUG WEll. WATER " 1.8) - ( - ) e 5. S}•• CANAL WAffil 51 11.5) - ( 51 37.8>5. ((UI.!fJ\CIAL sornz 'fATER - ( - ) - ( - ) - ( - )6. DEEP m..L \YATIR , ( 0.4 ) - ( - ) 1.5)

D) (:(N)IT100 IN)ffiNF.ATIl TIlE IklUSE

'T 0 TAL 442 ( lOO.O) SO, ( 100.0) 133 ( 100.0)

I. M' 12 16.3) 63 17.2) 19 101. :u,. \\'f.TlPOIl.UTID wAnn 310 83.7) 256 82.6> "' 85.1 )- .._,-,.'-~'--'

- 64 -

TABLE16 OWNERSHIP STATUS BY TYPE OF DURABLE GOODS

OlMMLNITY : TOTAL

TOTAL ( S ) NO ( S ) YFll ( S )-'-""'.-.._--~---

"-~-~."

BI\I T.V. 444

TABLE16 OWNERSHIP STATUS BY TYPE OF DURABLE GOODS1

CCl.\\\Ill'l1 TY : MOMWAN Continued

TOTAL ( ~ ) m ( ~ ) YES ( ~ )

Bli T.V. 135 (100.0) 69 ( 5101) 66 ( 46.9)

0Jl.0l\ T.V. 135

TABLE17-1 MIGRTION STATUS OF HOUSEHOLD HEAD BY SEX AND AGE

~ITY TOTAl.

- ( -) - ( -)

TOT A l..

- ( - >

f'f.)l..\1£ (X)

TABLE17- 2 MIGRATION STATUS OF HOUSEHOLD HEAD BY SEX AND AGE

OOMMINl1Y : GINNllnl~E

22 ( 68.tn

18 ( 85.7)

),lIC1IANTS

- ( -),

TABLE17- 3 MIGRATION STATUS OF HOUSEHOLD HEAD BY SEX AND AGE

COMMlN1TY MOHAWi\N

NON-IlICRANTS TOT 1\ I.

- ( - ( -)

- ), )

( 100.0)

1'l:lW£, )( 100.0)

NAI.t:

( 100.0)

( 100.0)

- ( -)

TOTAl. (t)

- (- ( -)- ( -)

FDIAlJ-; (,,)

- ( -)

- ( -)w.tE

- ( -)

F9WF. (%)

C100.0)

- ( -)- (

MAl£ (-X)

MICRANTS

S

,

II

45 - 49

3S - 39

40 - 44

30-34

25 - 29

'"'"5 ( 62.5) - ( -)

50 - 54

S5 - S9

I'

10

66.7)

76.5)

10 83.3) ( 44.4)

S 000.0) 3

33.3)

23.1 )

2 16. 7)

37.5)

5 5$.6) 21

TABLE18 THE NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLD HEAD BY PLACE OF BIRTH, BY TYPE OF INFORMATION BEFORE MIGRATION

TOT It, I. c UNATTt;t; II 0 It A .. " NPlACE

OF nturn TOT"L ( , > '" ( , > ~" ( , > TOTAl. ( , > '" ( " ) YES ( , > TOm. ( , > ro ( , > YES ( , >IN 11llS SI.l.N ~ (100.0) - ( - > ( - > , ( 100.0) - ( - > ( - > 8 (100.0) - ( - > ( - >onll:J\ SU,I.I 37 ( 100.0) 13 ( 35. I) 24 ( 6-I.:D 16 ClOO.O) 2 ( 12.5> 14 {81.S> er ( 100.0) " ( 52••1) 10 (41.6)t

rcrc, 442 (lOO.O) 182 ( 41.2) 2" ( 56.8> :lO3 crco.or 113 ( 38.5) 183 ( 61.2) 133 (100.0) 63 (

TABLE19 THE NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLD HEAD BY TYPE OF MIGRATION

DIRECT MIGRATiON STE,. MIGRATION

PLACE OF BIRTH NORTH EASTTOTAL TOTAL IN TillS SLUM OTHER SLUM NON-SLUM NOHTIl SOUTH C~;NTRAL

~;AST

26

e

1'\ THIS 5LI,:,,1 CO"'llo.W"'lTY 9 9 e

I)T"R SL.C:-"! rx B,.,,:>:CI\OK 37 37 as

,"U"·SLi.,:"t CO",l:-n.::-;ITY ee 86 571.'\ BA"CKOK

,\ORTH 37 37 ie

SOCTH

"QRTH EAST ss 53 re

CE"TRAL '" 186 92F.o.5T 30 30 20

TOTAL ,

TABLE21 THE NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLD HEAD BY REASON FOR MOVING

llRASON POR MOVINO PROM PLACE 01' BIRTII

PLACE> 01' BIIITII FOLLOWED JODI ENVIRONMENTAL LIVETOTAl. MARRIAGE PARENTSI ECONOMIC EVICTION OTHERS N.A.

FAMII.Y REASON REASON INDEPENDENTLY

IN TillS SLUM COMMUNITY • 8OTHER SLUM 31 8 "NON.SLUM ee 21 II es 23 3 2NORTH es 3 ..SOUTH s

NORVI EAST 55 10 31 2

CENTRAL 185 ea ea "' eEA81' ao 2 • 19TOTAL '" 55 85 m 5\ 12 .. 10 8".n 100.0 12.6 14.9 50.8 11.7 2.7 3.2 2.3 \.8

REASON POR MOVINO FROM PREVIOUS RE..'lIDF.NCE

FOI,I-OWED)JOIH ENVIRONMENTAL I,IVE1'OTAL MARRIAOE PARENTS! ECONOMIC EVICTION OTIIBRS

FAMILY REASON REASON INDerENDENTI.Y

20 \ 12 2

53 .. 23 II19

e

45 21 10 2

\45 ea " " 8 s s" 10 2

311 sa 8 130 81 13 8 19100.0 16.7 2.' 41.8 2s.o ..2 2.' e.r

- 72 -

TABLE22 THE NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLD HEAD BY PLACE OF BIRTH AND SEX

PLACE OF BIRTH TOTAL (%) MALE (%) FEMALE (%")

IN THIS SLUM 9( 2.0) 5( I. 8) 4( 2.4)

OTHER SLUM 37( 8. 4) 27( 9. 7) 10( 6. I)

NON-SLUlvt 88( 19.9) 55( 19.9) 33( 20.0)

NORTH 27( 6. I) 16( 5.8) 1I( 6. 7)

SOUTH 7( I. 6) 6( 2. 2) I( 0.6)

NORTH EAST 56( 12.7) 37( 13.4) 19( II. 5)

CENTHAL 188( 42.5) 1I0( 39.7) 78( 47.3)

EAST 30( 6 8) 21( 7.6) 9( 5.5)

TOTAL 442(100.0) 277(100. 0) 165(100.0)

- 73 -

CHAPTER 4

QUESTIONNAIRE

-.J

'"

9. Provioull pl"cOG of res kdence (hoad of household)

o sever movo (oorn hero)'bITo Total nU/l\b

Begin Card'

boad

5o 2. Do you have latrine ? o Yea (private latrine)

o 'lEIS (shared latrine)D No

o Wet/p;>lluted watero Dry

,q 3. "'hat kind of water do you use for drinldng ?1o 4. "'hat kind of water do you use for dOll!utic. use ?•o 5. Condition underneath the house,o 6. Place. of birth for.head of household

(l) In thb slum

Questionnaire for ]l,PDA ID .• No••••••••••••9AL ....

1. C(moral situation th""

Bangkok COmnunity l)evclopmont Projoct Minin:tl'"Y of Univcroity lI.ff",irn

: , &NoMIO of Rospondcnt (Hcc,d of hoUlilChold) ••••••••••••••• ~.lI.da.rcss•••••••••••••

elrl 'r:JICl\'lb(lru in a hOusehold ...•.•..••..••....•...•.•.......•..••..••...personn

No ~mbm ~ital 0=- incomo/ levol 1llnos3 Who "'d Dayo Day, ""'0

Codebook

for

Community survey questionnaire (APDA)

Bangkok Community Development Project Ministry of University Affair

Card if 1

Column

- 3

4

5 - 6

7

8

9 - 10

Code and Description

,Identification number

Name of Conmundty

1. Gunnattee conmunf tiy2. Morawan cOlTttnunity

Actual number of people living in the family.Column 7-72, the coding will be assigned to oneperson at a time. When information for the firstmember is finished then'information for the second,third, •••••• person will follow. For example column7-28 will be information for the 1st member, col.29-50 for the 2nd, col. 51-72 for the 3rd for thefirst card. col. 7-28, 29-50, 51-72 in the second cardwill be information for the 4th J 5th, 6th member offerrd Iy , etc.

Member of the household (in relation to head ofhousehold)

1. Head of household2. Spouse of household head3. Daughter/Son4. Parents5. In - law {son-Ln-Law , daughter-in-law)6. Other relatives7 •. Other people not relat~,' to family, ie.friend

Sex

1. Male2. Female

Actual age (If less then 1 year put down i~l)

79 -

Column

11

12

13 - 15

16

17

18

2

Code and Description

Hari tal status·,.100 Single2. Married3. Divorce4. Separa ted5. Widow/widower because spouse is dead

Occupation

O. Unemployed.t. Employee (do anything as, hired)2. Government workers/private enterprise3. Merchant4. Housewife5. Students6. Others

Income per month (Baht) Actual figure x 100 ie.If income 2,700, the code = 027, No income = DOD,Income cannot be ~6timated like given by relativeoccasionally = 999.

Level of education

O. No education (never attend school)1. Less than Grade 42. Grade 43. More than grade 4 but lower than high school

graduate4. High school graduate or equivalent5. Associate degree or equivalent6. Bachelor degree or higher

Illness in the past 2 weeks

O. No illness1. Respiratory tract2. Gastro - intestinal tract3. Nervous, anxiety4. Skin disease5. Fatigue, back pain6. others Ltoo thacbe ocencer , t.e tenue , ~ver

with unknown cause, Liver :',infection,::heartdisease, accident, blood pressure, e~c.t

Who diagnose the illness ?

1. Self - diagnosis2. Parents/re~atives3. Traditional healer.4. Doctor9. Not applicable (no illness)

- 80 -

Column

19

20 - 21

22 - 23

24

25 - 26

27 - 28

- 3 -

Code and Description

Did you go to see doctor 7

O. No1. Yes

Actual days absent from work

If more than 98 days put down 98If not applicable (no illness) put down 99

Actual days under hospitalization,If more than 98 days put down 98.If not applicable (no illness) put down 99.

Method of self - treatment

O. No Self - treatment1. Give self - treatment (purchase the drug,

to take on their own)2. Use traditional healer9. Not applicable (no illness)

Note. Some people lJlaY:-: go to see doctor and alsogive self - treatment. Therefore, column19 may be coded 1 (yes) and column 24 may be1 (give self - treatment)

Row many cigarretts do you sw.oke a day ?

Put down actual number•. Put down 00 if not smoke.

Method of birth control used

00 Not currently use and not plan to use01 Not currently use but plan to use contraceptive

pills02 Not currently use but plan to use contraceptive

injection03 Not currerntly use but plan to use condom04 Not currently use but plan to,use IUD05 ,Not currently use but plan to use male

sterilization06 Not currently use but plan to use female

sterilization07. Not currently use but plan to use other method11 CUrrently use contraceptive pills12 CUrrently use contraceptive injection13 CUrrently use condom14 CUrrently use IUD15 'Currently use male sterilization16 CUrrently use female sterilization17 Currently use other method

- 81 -

4

Column Code and Description

99 Not applicable such as not between reproductiveage, not married, divorce, separated, the spouseis already using birth control method.

29 - 50

51 - 72

80

Repeat 7 - 28 fOr 2nd member of family

Repeat 7 - 28 for 3rd member of family

Card number

for first card.

End of first card

- 82 -

S

Card # 2

Column Code and Description

, - 3 Identification number4 Name of coummunity

(same as col. 1- 4 in card 1)

S _ 6 Blank

7 - 28 Same as card for 4th member

29 - SO Same as card for Sth member

S, -72 Same as card for 6th member

80 Card number2 for 2nd card

End of second card

Card # 3

- 3 Indentification number

4 Name of communityLsame as col. 1 - 4 in card 1)

S - 6 Blank

7 - 28 Same as card for 7th member

29 - SO Same as card for 8th member

S1 -72 Same as card for 9th member

80 Card number3 for 3rd card

End of third card

Note Maximum number of people in family is 18. So the coding processwill be repeated till the end of the 6th card. For family withless than 18 members the coding will take less than 6 cards. Itcould take only 1 or 2 or 3 •.•••••• cards depending on the numberof people in that family.

- 83 -

Card I: 7

Column

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 - 19

Question'number

2

.3

4

5

6

7

6

Code and description

Identification number

Name of community(same as c~4e1 - 4 in card 1)

Do you have latrine ?

.0 No1 Yes (private latri~e)2 Yes (shared latrine)

What'kind of water do you use for drinking?

1 Pipe water2 Rain water3 Dug well water (surface water)4 Canal water5 Commercial bottle water6, Deep well (underground) water

~fuat ~ind of water do you UGe for domestic use ?

1 Pipe water2 Rain water3 Dug well water4' Canal water5 Commercial bottle water6 Deep well (underground) water

Condition underneath the house

1 Dry2 Wet/polluted water

Place of birth for head of household

1 In this slum community2. Other slum in Bangkok3 Non - slum community in Bangkok4 North5 South-6 North: east7. Central8 East

Durable goodsFor each item;

Q No1 Yes

- 84 -

Column

20 - 22

23

24 - 2S

26

27 - 28

29

Questionnumber

8

9

- 7 -

code and Description

Total price (Baht) of durable goods the familyhave (add up all the prices for 10 items fromthe questionnaire) Put down actual number x 100ie. total price 9,700 the code will be 097. Ifthe items were not purchased or were given tothem I. then' put dosu .999

Does head of household have good friend or goodrelative in this community before move in ?

o No1 Yes9 Not applicable (born here)

Number of times head of household move. If nevermove (born here) put down 00.

Present residence

1 Slum in Bangkok2 Non slum in Bangkok3 central4 North5 North east6 South7 East9 Not applicable (never ~ve)

Number of years lived/living at this place put downactual number. Use 99 for not applicable (never move~

Reason for movi~g to live in this place •.

1 Marriage2 Followed parents/family3 Job4 Eviction5 Environmental reason6 Live independently7 Economic reason8 Others (Pervious residence was on fire,

Found housing hereJ Convenient, Want to livein Bangkok and found this place, Told/persuadedby other people, Come to live with relatives

9 Not applicable (born here).

Note: Colum 26 - 77 is only for people who move or migrate at leastonce. Code 9 will be used for people who never move (born here)Col.26 - 29 will be information for present place.Col. 30 - 33 for before present placeCol. 34 - 37 for before before present placeCol. 38 - 41 for before before before present placeand so on depending on number of times moved.

80 Card number 7 for 7th card.

- 85 -

End of seventh card