21
Supporting Information Peracetylation as strategy to improve oleuropein stability and affinity to fatty foods. Sonia Bonacci, a [co] Rosina Paonessa, b [co] Paola Costanzo, a Raffaele Salerno, c Jessica Maiuolo, c Monica Nardi, d,e Antonio Procopio, a and Manuela Oliverio a * a. Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Loc. Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy. E-mail: [email protected] b. Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Loc. Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy. c. InterRegional Center for Food Safety and Health, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Loc. Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy. d. Telematic University San Raffaele, Roma, Italy . e. Department of Chemistry, University of Calabria, Cubo 12C, 87036-Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy Characterization of OleAc and Mix LC-MS conditions 3 Figure S1: OleAc LC-MS spectra 4 Figure S2: Mix LC-MS Spectra 5 Evaluation of low oil quality oil parameters by FT-NIR Table S1: Calibration and Cross Validation efficiency parameters 7 Table S2: Physico-chemical and organoleptic characteristics of olive oil 9 Figure S3: Acidity, K232 and K268 values of prepared oils 16 Evaluation of phenols composition in EVOO extracts Figure S4: LC-MS Calibration curves 17 Table S3: phenols quantification by LC-MS 18 Nano-LC HRMS direct infusion analysis of EVOOs Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Food & Function. This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018

Supporting Information - Royal Society of Chemistry · Supporting Information Peracetylation as strategy to improve oleuropein stability and affinity to fatty foods. Sonia Bonacci,a

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Page 1: Supporting Information - Royal Society of Chemistry · Supporting Information Peracetylation as strategy to improve oleuropein stability and affinity to fatty foods. Sonia Bonacci,a

Supporting Information

Peracetylation as strategy to improve oleuropein stability and affinity to fatty foods.Sonia Bonacci,a [co] Rosina Paonessa,b [co] Paola Costanzo,a Raffaele Salerno,c Jessica Maiuolo,c Monica Nardi,d,e Antonio Procopio,a and Manuela Oliverioa*

a.Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Loc. Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy. E-mail: [email protected] of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Loc. Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.c. InterRegional Center for Food Safety and Health, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Loc. Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.d.Telematic University San Raffaele, Roma, Italy .e. Department of Chemistry, University of Calabria, Cubo 12C, 87036-Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy

Characterization of OleAc and Mix

LC-MS conditions 3

Figure S1: OleAc LC-MS spectra 4

Figure S2: Mix LC-MS Spectra 5

Evaluation of low oil quality oil parameters by FT-NIR

Table S1: Calibration and Cross Validation efficiency parameters 7

Table S2: Physico-chemical and organoleptic characteristics of olive oil 9

Figure S3: Acidity, K232 and K268 values of prepared oils 16

Evaluation of phenols composition in EVOO extracts

Figure S4: LC-MS Calibration curves 17

Table S3: phenols quantification by LC-MS 18

Nano-LC HRMS direct infusion analysis of EVOOs

Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Food & Function.This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018

Page 2: Supporting Information - Royal Society of Chemistry · Supporting Information Peracetylation as strategy to improve oleuropein stability and affinity to fatty foods. Sonia Bonacci,a

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Nano- LC HRMS conditions 19

Figure S5: SIM HRMS Spectra 20

Figure S6: Full scan with labelling relative to selected mass 21

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Characterization of OleAc and Mix

LC-MS Conditions

Chromatography was performed using a Thermo Scientific (Rodano, MI, Italy) Dionex Ultimate 3000 RS, injecting directly onto a

Thermo Scientific Hypersil Gold C18 column (50 x 2.1 mm, 1.9 µm particle size), equilibrated in 95% solvent A (0,1% aqueous solution

of formic acid), 5% solvent B (methanol). The column and autosampler temperatures were maintained at 24 °C and 20 °C

respectively. The elution flow rate was 600 µl/min by linearly increasing solvent B concentration from 5 to 55% in 4 min, from 55% to

95% in 2 min and remain for other 2 minutes in isocratic, then return at 5% in other 1 minute, end re-equilibrated in 3 minutes. The

total run time, including column wash and equilibration was 15 min.

A Thermo Scientific Q-ExactiveTM (Rodano, MI, Italy) mass spectrometer was operated using electrospray with both negative and

positive polarities, at 35,000 resolving power (defined as FWHM at m/z 200), IT 100 ms, and ACG target= 500,000, by full scan

analysis (mass range 140-900 amu for 2 samples and 200-1500 amu for other 2 samples). Source conditions were: spray voltage

2.9KV, sheath gas: 30, arbitrary units, Auxiliary gas: 10, probe heater temperature: 280°C; capillary temperature: 320°C; S-Lens RF

Level: 50. The instrument was calibrated by Thermo calibration solutions prior to the beginning the analysis.

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Figure S1: OleAc LC-MS spectra

OLEAACETILATANEW_22_11_2013_10ppm 11/22/13 17:01:10

RT: 0.00 - 30.02 SM: 7B

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30Time (min)

0

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16.50

16.28 17.56 19.25 24.0620.18 24.7623.2221.58 25.9715.3410.62 11.929.647.4415.42

15.88

16.24

12.56

12.91

13.3410.6410.07 15.118.01 12.267.45 24.436.345.61 17.4816.291.25 27.1418.21 26.564.65 28.0121.063.38 29.7120.071.89

NL: 5.73E8m/z= 815.23445-815.23935 F: FTMS + p ESI Full ms [200.00-1300.00] MS OLEAACETILATANEW_22_11_2013_10ppm

NL: 2.56E7m/z= 773.22398-773.22862 F: FTMS + p ESI Full ms [200.00-1300.00] MS OLEAACETILATANEW_22_11_2013_10ppm

NL: 1.19E7m/z= 303.08299-303.08481 F: FTMS + p ESI Full ms [200.00-1300.00] MS OLEAACETILATANEW_22_11_2013_10ppm

OLEAACETILATANEW_22_11_2013_10ppm 11/22/13 17:01:10

RT: 0.00 - 30.02 SM: 7B

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30Time (min)

0

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100

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ce16.50

16.28 17.56 19.25 24.0620.18 24.7623.2221.58 25.9715.3410.62 11.929.647.4415.42

15.88

16.24

12.56

12.91

13.3410.6410.07 15.118.01 12.267.45 24.436.345.61 17.4816.291.25 27.1418.21 26.564.65 28.0121.063.38 29.7120.071.89

NL: 5.73E8m/z= 815.23445-815.23935 F: FTMS + p ESI Full ms [200.00-1300.00] MS OLEAACETILATANEW_22_11_2013_10ppm

NL: 2.56E7m/z= 773.22398-773.22862 F: FTMS + p ESI Full ms [200.00-1300.00] MS OLEAACETILATANEW_22_11_2013_10ppm

NL: 1.19E7m/z= 303.08299-303.08481 F: FTMS + p ESI Full ms [200.00-1300.00] MS OLEAACETILATANEW_22_11_2013_10ppm

m/z 777[M-Ac+ Na]+

OLEAESTRATTOACETILATO_23_1_2014_260PPMconammonio_ddMS2 #6777 RT: 16,88 AV: 1 NL: 1,89E6F: FTMS + p ESI d Full ms2 815,23@hcd30,00 [56,67-850,00]

420 440 460 480 500 520 540 560 580 600 620 640 660 680 700 720 740 760 780 800 820 840m/z

0

5

10

15

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30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

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100

Relativ

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dance

485,1404R=12802

453,1141R=13302

467,1300R=13002

815,2346R=9702

755,2119R=9402443,1280

R=11500

425,1200R=12000

653,1884R=7600

773,8846R=6700

Peracetilated Oleuropein (89%)

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Figure S2a: Mix LC-MS spectra

RT: 0,20 - 17,35 SM: 11B

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17Time (min)

0

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10016,55

13,25

14,56

11,85 14,36 16,3015,485,77 11,299,15 11,949,78 10,578,267,716,705,374,784,331,64 3,452,510,8316,55

16,3215,95

15,49

16,3115,2811,285,69

16,55

16,3315,979,8315,9515,48

16,3115,3114,61

NL: 4,22E9Base Peak F: FTMS + p ESI Full ms [200,00-1300,00] MS OLEAESTRATTOACETILATO_23_1_2014_260PPMconammonio_ddMS2

NL: 4,21E8m/z= 815,22875-815,24505 F: FTMS + p ESI Full ms [200,00-1300,00] MS OLEAESTRATTOACETILATO_23_1_2014_260PPMconammonio_ddMS2

NL: 3,27E7m/z= 773,21857-773,23403 F: FTMS + p ESI Full ms [200,00-1300,00] MS OLEAESTRATTOACETILATO_23_1_2014_260PPMconammonio_ddMS2

NL: 4,22E9m/z= 810,27340-810,28960 F: FTMS + p ESI Full ms [200,00-1300,00] MS OLEAESTRATTOACETILATO_23_1_2014_260PPMconammonio_ddMS2

NL: 1,34E8m/z= 768,26322-768,27858 F: FTMS + p ESI Full ms [200,00-1300,00] MS OLEAESTRATTOACETILATO_23_1_2014_260PPMconammonio_ddMS2

50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450m/z

0

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153,0543R=23102

397,1094R=14302

337,0885R=15402

111,0442R=27002

273,0962R=17202

213,0752R=19502 231,0858

R=18602171,0648R=21602

457,1297R=13002

93,0338R=29202

375,1268R=14202

295,0780R=16102

315,1064R=15102

69,0341R=31702

355,0989R=13402

125,0596R=22100

419,3144R=9400

375,1275R=14602

452,1748R=13002

153,0545R=22202

443,7631R=11902

273,0970R=15602 333,1174

R=10300111,0442R=19800

238,9041R=11600

89,0598R=21100

213,0754R=12200

418,0999R=9400

NL: 2,52E6OLEAESTRATTOACETILATO_23_1_2014_260PPMconammonio_ddMS2#5444 RT: 13,17 AV: 1 F: FTMS + p ESI d Full ms2 457,12@hcd30,00 [50,00-485,00]

NL: 4,87E5OLEAESTRATTOACETILATO_23_1_2014_260PPMconammonio_ddMS2#5383 RT: 13,02 AV: 1 F: FTMS + p ESI d Full ms2 452,17@hcd10,00 [50,00-480,00]

Peracetylated Oleuropein (65%)

Monoacetylated elenolic acid glicoside (minor)

OLEAESTRATTOACETILATO_23_1_2014_260PPMconammonio_ddMS2 #5943 RT: 14,51 AV: 1 NL: 1,23E8F: FTMS + p ESI d Full ms2 696,23@hcd10,00 [50,00-730,00]

50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700m/z

0

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dance

331,1015R=15702

696,2327R=10802

211,0596R=19602

169,0490R=21902

271,0804R=17302109,0285

R=27402127,0387R=24602

559,1608R=10600

97,0290R=27000

229,0700R=12100

192,8246R=15000

595,6639R=7800

147,9892R=14500

Peracetylated Diglicoside

Peracetyated Leaves Extract(Naturex)

OLEAESTRATTOACETILATO_23_1_2014_260PPMconammonio_ddMS2 #6777 RT: 16,88 AV: 1 NL: 1,89E6F: FTMS + p ESI d Full ms2 815,23@hcd30,00 [56,67-850,00]

420 440 460 480 500 520 540 560 580 600 620 640 660 680 700 720 740 760 780 800 820 840m/z

0

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nce

485,1404R=12802

453,1141R=13302

467,1300R=13002

815,2346R=9702

755,2119R=9402443,1280

R=11500

425,1200R=12000

653,1884R=7600

773,8846R=6700

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Figure S2b: Mix LC-MS spectra

OLEAESTRATTOACETILATO_23_1_2014_260PPMconammonio_ddMS2 #6777 RT: 16,88 AV: 1 NL: 1,89E6F: FTMS + p ESI d Full ms2 815,23@hcd30,00 [56,67-850,00]

420 440 460 480 500 520 540 560 580 600 620 640 660 680 700 720 740 760 780 800 820 840m/z

0

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45

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nce

485,1404R=12802

453,1141R=13302

467,1300R=13002

815,2346R=9702

755,2119R=9402443,1280

R=11500

425,1200R=12000

653,1884R=7600

773,8846R=6700

Peracetylated Oleuropein

OLEAESTRATTOACETILATO_23_1_2014_260PPMconammonio_ddMS2 #5943 RT: 14,51 AV: 1 NL: 1,23E8F: FTMS + p ESI d Full ms2 696,23@hcd10,00 [50,00-730,00]

50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700m/z

0

5

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25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

100Rel

ative A

bundan

ce331,1015R=15702

696,2327R=10802

211,0596R=19602

169,0490R=21902

271,0804R=17302109,0285

R=27402127,0387R=24602

559,1608R=10600

97,0290R=27000

229,0700R=12100

192,8246R=15000

595,6639R=7800

147,9892R=14500

Peracetylated Diglicoside (minor)

Peracetylated Oleuropein (major)

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Evaluation of low oil quality oil parameters by FT-NIR

Table S1: Calibration and Cross Validation efficiency parameters

Parameters R2 Q2 RMSEC RMSECV

Acidity 0,99087 0,95060 0,0327 0,0759

Peroxides index 0,94835 0,79903 1,222 2,39

K232 0,88116 0,79095 0,108 0,140

K268 0,86431 0,78349 0,0129 0,0159

K264 0,89160 0,76505 0,0108 0,0154

K272 0,92351 0,83409 0,00968 0,0139

Wax Esters (C42+C44+C46) 0,99467 0,67010 5,07 27,72

Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters (FAEE) 0,96978 0,65767 2,81 8,70

Myristic acid 0,80058 0,48347 0,00178 0,00268

Eicosenoic acid 0,85411 0,7485 0,03939 0,0439

Arachic acid 0,81046 0,67714 0,0280 0,0354

Linolenic acid 0,96144 0,39775 0,0120 0,0457

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Behenic acid 0,98754 0,25334 0,00182 0,0129

Lignoceric acid 0,79409 0,53101 0,00552 0,00797

Translinoleic 0,89714 0,03149 0,00238 0,125

Erythrodiol + Uvaol 0,37805 0,154 0,639 0,698

Total Sterols 0,91989 0,81773 0,110e3 0,161e3

Total Betasitosterol 0,70041 0,03897 0,219 0,343

Total Polyphenols 0,76571 0,12418 39,7 71,4

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Table S2: Physico-chemical and organoleptic characteristics of olive oil

Parameters Time

EVO Oil Untreated

Blk_EtOH Oil_OleAc Oil_Mix Blk US

Horn Oil_OleAc Oil_Mix Blk UsBath Oil_OleAc

T0 0,46±0,02 0,53±0,01 0,53±0,01 0,52±0,03 0,44±0,02 0,44±0,02 0,44±0,02 0,44±0,02 0,44±0,02

T1 0,45±0,01 0,46±0,02 0,48±0,01 0,52±0,03 0,45±0,01 0,44±0,01 0,45±0,02 0,48±0,01 0,47±0,02

T2 0,47±0,02 0,44±0,01 0,47±0,01 0,54±0,03 0,43±0,03 0,43±0,03 0,41±0,02 0,47±0,02 0,47±0,01

T3 0,44±0,03 0,41±0,03 0,44±0,01 0,48±0,01 0,37±0,00 0,37±0,02 0,36±0,02 0,49±0,02 0,46±0,02

Acidity

(%)

T4 0,50±0,02 0,44±0,01 0,41±0,03 0,44±0,02 0,46±0,02 0,47±0,03 0,47±0,02 0,48±0,01 0,47±0,04

T014,33±0,5

814,00±0,0

014,00±0,0

015,00±0,0

014,33±0,5

814,00±0,0

014,33±0,5

814,33±0,5

814,00±0,0

0

T115,33±0,5

815,00±0,0

015,67±0,5

816,00±0,0

014,33±0,5

815,00±0,0

014,33±0,4

814,00±0,0

014,00±0,0

0

T219,00±0,0

017,00±0,0

019,00±0,0

021,00±0,0

017,00±0,0

017,00±0,0

020,00±0,0

017,00±0,0

017,00±0,0

0

T324,33±0,5

820,67±0,5

824,00±0,0

029,00±0,0

020,33±0,5

819,33±0,5

821,33±0,0

320,22±0,0

322,00±0,0

0

Peroxides

(ppm)

T432,00±0,5

825,00±0,5

838,67±0,5

836,00±0,0

032,33±0,5

827,00±0,5

828,00±0,0

025,67±0,0

532,67±0,0

0

T0 1,93±0,02 1,90±0,08 1,88±0,02 1,88±0,02 1,94±0,03 2,04±0,05 1,95±0,01 1,97±0,03 1,95±0,02K232

T1 2,02±0,09 2,14±0,03 1,92±0,06 1,92±0,06 2,09±0,13 2,13±0,01 2,16±0,02 2,12±0,06 2,15±0,07

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T2 2,25±0,01 2,25±0,02 2,20±0,01 2,20±0,01 2,19±0,06 2,23±0,03 2,40±0,07 2,22±0,02 2,30±0,02

T3 2,63±0,09 2,40±0,07 2,57±0,04 2,57±0,04 2,43±0,07 2,43±0,06 2,53±0,05 2,43±0,07 2,66±0,03

T4 2,50±0,05 3,03±0,11 3,75±0,02 3,75±0,02 3,44±0,08 2,99±0,03 3,06±0,01 2,88±0,04 3,58±0,03

T0 0,06±0,01 0,05±0,01 0,06±0,00 0,07±0,00 0,05±0,00 0,06±0,01 0,05±0,00 0,06±0,00 0,06±0,00

T1 0,04±0,00 0,06±0,00 0,06±0,00 0,07±0,01 0,04±0,01 0,05±0,01 0,04±0,01 0,06±0,01 0,06±0,00

T2 0,06±0,00 0,06±0,00 0,07±0,00 0,09±0,00 0,06±0,00 0,06±0,00 0,07±0,00 0,07±0,00 0,07±0,00

T3 0,09±0,01 0,08±0,00 0,10±0,01 0,12±0,01 0,06±0,00 0,06±0,00 0,07±0,00 0,07±0,00 0,07±0,00

K268

T4 0,12±0,01 0,08±0,00 0,12±0,00 0,12±0,00 0,12±0,00 0,11±0,00 0,11±0,01 0,11±0,00 0,13±0,00

T0 0,07±0,00 0,07±0,00 0,08±0,00 0,09±0,00 0,06±0,00 0,07±0,01 0,06±0,01 0,07±0,00 0,06±0,00

T1 0,06±0,00 0,07±0,00 0,09±0,00 0,10±0,01 0,06±0,01 0,06±0,01 0,06±0,00 0,07±0,00 0,07±0,00

T2 0,08±0,00 0,07±0,00 0,10±0,00 0,12±0,00 0,07±0,00 0,06±0,01 0,07±0,00 0,07±0,00 0,07±0,00

T3 0,10±0,01 0,07±0,00 0,10±0,00 0,11±0,00 0,07±0,00 0,08±0,00 0,08±0,00 0,09±0,00 0,09±0,00

K264

T4 0,12±0,00 0,10±0,01 0,14±0,00 0,15±0,00 0,11±0,00 0,10±0,00 0,10±0,00 0,09±0,01 0,09±0,00

T0 0,03±0,00 0,03±0,00 0,05±0,00 0,05±0,01 0,03±0,01 0,03±0,01 0,02±0,01 0,03±0,00 0,02±0,00

T1 0,02±0,01 0,03±0,00 0,06±0,00 0,07±0,01 0,02±0,01 0,02±0,01 0,02±0,01 0,03±0,01 0,03±0,00

T2 0,04±0,00 0,03±0,01 0,06±0,00 0,10±0,00 0,03±0,00 0,02±0,01 0,02±0,00 0,03±0,00 0,03±0,00K272

T3 0,06±0,01 0,04±0,01 0,06±0,00 0,08±0,00 0,03±0,00 0,04±0,01 0,04±0,01 0,05±0,00 0,06±0,00

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11

T4 0,10±0,00 0,07±0,01 0,11±0,00 0,12±0,00 0,09±0,00 0,07±0,00 0,07±0,00 0,06±0,01 0,06±0,00

T0 0,01±0,00 0,01±0,00 0,00±0,00 0,00±0,00 0,01±0,01 0,01±0,01 0,01±0,01 0,01±0,00 0,02±0,00

T1 0,00±0,00 0,00±0,00 -0,01±0,00 -0,02±0,00 0,00±0,00 0,01±0,00 0,00±0,00 0,01±0,00 0,01±0,00

T2 0,00±0,00 0,01±0,01 -0,01±0,00 -0,02±0,01 0,01±0,00 0,02±0,00 0,02±0,00 0,02±0,00 0,02±0,00

T3 0,01±0,00 0,03±0,00 0,02±0,00 0,02±0,00 0,01±0,00 0,00±0,01 0,00±0,00 0,00±0,01 0,00±0,01

Delta K

T4 0,01±0,00 0,00±0,00 -0,01±0,00 -0,02±0,00 0,02±0,00 0,02±0,00 0,03±0,00 0,03±0,00 0,05±0,00

T098,83±4,1

9104,90±1,

32102,93±1,

58112,27±1,

93100,97±3,

2597,50±6,9

597,57±2,9

896,30±1,5

691,77±2,4

6

T1117,57±3,

46106,30±2,

23111,87±3,

02116,93±2,

63121,43±1,

59120,17±3,

25119,67±3,

31107,23±5,

90109,33±4,

17

T2116,83±2,

73109,43±2,

14105,30±3,

12117,73±4,

47103,50±1,

97105,40±1,

20107,70±1,

6597,40±2,9

8100,07±2,

22

T3122,50±3,

60104,43±2,

14104,90±5,

81115,60±0,

57127,20±2,

36129,27±3,

40132,20±2,

72121,80±4,

10124,63±1,

63

Wax Esters

(C42+C44+C46)

(mg/Kg)

T4112,90±1,

32142,83±1,

33164,57±0,

65166,73±2,

63116,20±3,

22105,87±1,

91108,67±2,

41102,50±1,

39112,97±1,

65

T031,78±3,0

435,06±3,0

128,43±2,2

333,03±0,4

531,02±4,5

033,39±3,8

727,58±3,6

130,12±3,2

031,62±0,6

6Fatty Acid

Ethyl Esters (FAEE)

(mg/Kg) T138,74±3,8

328,38±1,0

137,44±4,1

239,44±2,8

630,74±3,5

834,76±2,4

733,72±1,0

829,27±2,0

928,58±2,7

5

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T239,29±0,8

130,94±3,0

033,67±2,5

236,55±1,4

030,36±0,4

830,74±1,5

030,00±0,4

427,69±0,4

726,36±3,7

5

T333,40±4,2

526,88±2,7

931,06±4,1

734,41±0,1

931,54±2,5

933,92±4,5

630,29±1,1

230,84±2,0

631,80±1,9

2

T430,97±1,3

735,82±1,4

844,47±2,4

944,72±0,9

124,85±3,6

929,75±4,3

726,78±2,2

131,99±4,4

125,77±2,6

7

T0 0,02±0,00 0,02±0,00 0,02±0,00 0,02±0,00 0,02±0,00 0,02±0,00 0,02±0,00 0,02±0,00 0,02±0,00

T1 0,02±0,00 0,02±0,00 0,02±0,00 0,02±0,00 0,02±0,00 0,02±0,00 0,02±0,00 0,02±0,00 0,02±0,00

T2 0,02±0,00 0,02±0,00 0,02±0,00 0,02±0,00 0,02±0,00 0,02±0,00 0,02±0,00 0,02±0,00 0,02±0,00

T3 0,02±0,00 0,02±0,00 0,02±0,00 0,02±0,00 0,02±0,00 0,02±0,00 0,02±0,00 0,02±0,00 0,02±0,00

Myristic acid

(%)

T4 0,02±0,00 0,02±0,00 0,02±0,00 0,02±0,00 0,02±0,00 0,02±0,00 0,02±0,00 0,02±0,00 0,02±0,00

T0 0,24±0,02 0,20±0,01 0,20±0,01 0,16±0,01 0,24±0,01 0,25±0,01 0,23±0,01 0,24±0,00 0,24±0,01

T1 0,23±0,01 0,22±0,01 0,21±0,01 0,15±0,01 0,22±0,01 0,23±0,01 0,24±0,01 0,23±0,01 0,22±0,01

T2 0,25±0,01 0,24±0,01 0,21±0,00 0,16±0,01 0,25±0,01 0,25±0,01 0,25±0,01 0,25±0,01 0,25±0,01

T3 0,20±0,01 0,24±0,01 0,23±0,01 0,19±0,01 0,21±0,01 0,21±0,01 0,20±0,02 0,22±0,01 0,21±0,00

Eicosenoic acid

(%)

T4 0,26±0,01 0,22±0,01 0,21±0,01 0,17±0,01 0,27±0,01 0,28±0,01 0,27±0,01 0,27±0,01 0,28±0,01

T0 0,47±0,01 0,45±0,01 0,47±0,01 0,47±0,01 0,46±0,01 0,47±0,02 0,47±0,01 0,47±0,01 0,48±0,02Arachic acid

(%) T1 0,45±0,01 0,46±0,00 0,46±0,02 0,47±0,01 0,44±0,01 0,44±0,02 0,45±0,01 0,46±0,01 0,47±0,01

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T2 0,48±0,01 0,48±0,02 0,50±0,01 0,49±0,01 0,47±0,01 0,49±0,01 0,47±0,02 0,49±0,01 0,49±0,01

T3 0,44±0,01 0,47±0,01 0,48±0,01 0,48±0,01 0,43±0,01 0,42±0,01 0,42±0,01 0,45±0,00 0,47±0,01

T4 0,51±0,01 0,46±0,01 0,45±0,01 0,45±0,00 0,50±0,01 0,51±0,02 0,51±0,01 0,51±0,01 0,49±0,02

T0 0,52±0,01 0,52±0,01 0,53±0,01 0,55±0,01 0,52±0,02 0,52±0,01 0,53±0,01 0,52±0,01 0,52±0,00

T1 0,53±0,01 0,52±0,00 0,53±0,00 0,54±0,01 0,52±0,01 0,53±0,01 0,53±0,00 0,52±0,01 0,51±0,01

T2 0,52±0,01 0,49±0,01 0,51±0,00 0,53±0,00 0,51±0,01 0,51±0,01 0,51±0,00 0,50±0,00 0,50±0,01

T3 0,55±0,01 0,51±0,00 0,54±0,01 0,54±0,00 0,52±0,00 0,52±0,01 0,52±0,00 0,51±0,01 0,50±0,01

Linolenic acid

(%)

T4 0,49±0,00 0,52±0,01 0,54±0,01 0,54±0,01 0,48±0,00 0,48±0,01 0,48±0,01 0,49±0,01 0,49±0,01

T0 0,11±0,01 0,10±0,01 0,11±0,00 0,11±0,01 0,11±0,01 0,12±0,01 0,11±0,01 0,11±0,01 0,12±0,00

T1 0,11±0,01 0,11±0,01 0,12±0,00 0,11±0,01 0,10±0,01 0,11±0,01 0,10±0,01 0,12±0,00 0,11±0,01

T2 0,12±0,01 0,12±0,01 0,12±0,00 0,12±0,00 0,11±0,00 0,11±0,01 0,11±0,00 0,12±0,01 0,11±0,01

T3 0,11±0,00 0,11±0,01 0,11±0,01 0,12±0,01 0,11±0,00 0,12±0,00 0,11±0,01 0,12±0,01 0,12±0,01

Behenic acid

(%)

T4 0,10±0,01 0,13±0,01 0,13±0,01 0,13±0,00 0,11±0,01 0,11±0,01 0,11±0,01 0,12±0,01 0,11±0,01

T0 0,16±0,01 0,17±0,00 0,17±0,01 0,16±0,00 0,17±0,01 0,16±0,01 0,16±0,01 0,16±0,01 0,16±0,01

T1 0,17±0,00 0,16±0,00 0,16±0,00 0,16±0,00 0,17±0,00 0,17±0,00 0,17±0,01 0,17±0,00 0,17±0,00

T2 0,17±0,01 0,17±0,00 0,17±0,01 0,16±0,00 0,16±0,00 0,17±0,00 0,17±0,00 0,16±0,01 0,16±0,01

Lignoceric acid

(%)

T3 0,16±0,01 0,16±0,00 0,16±0,01 0,16±0,00 0,17±0,00 0,17±0,01 0,17±0,00 0,17±0,00 0,17±0,00

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T4 0,16±0,00 0,17±0,01 0,16±0,00 0,16±0,01 0,16±0,00 0,16±0,00 0,16±0,00 0,16±0,01 0,16±0,00

T0 0,01±0,01 0,01±0,00 0,01±0,00 0,00±0,00 0,02±0,01 0,01±0,01 0,01±0,01 0,02±0,01 0,01±0,00

T1 0,01±0,01 0,02±0,00 0,01±0,00 0,00±0,00 0,01±0,00 0,01±0,00 0,01±0,00 0,02±0,01 0,02±0,01

T2 0,01±0,00 0,02±0,01 0,02±0,00 0,01±0,00 0,02±0,00 0,02±0,00 0,02±0,00 0,03±0,01 0,03±0,01

T3 0,01±0,00 0,03±0,01 0,01±0,01 0,01±0,00 0,01±0,00 0,01±0,00 0,01±0,00 0,02±0,00 0,02±0,00

Translinoleic

(%)

T4 0,04±0,00 0,01±0,00 0,01±0,00 0,00±0,00 0,04±0,00 0,04±0,00 0,04±0,00 0,03±0,01 0,04±0,01

T0 3,03±0,06 3,16±0,12 2,98±0,21 3,10±0,04 2,91±0,01 3,03±0,06 3,10±0,13 3,06±0,08 3,08±0,08

T1 3,16±0,27 3,24±0,23 3,16±0,08 3,03±0,10 3,09±0,08 3,03±0,22 3,10±0,05 3,09±0,09 3,23±0,11

T2 3,21±0,21 3,17±0,02 3,04±0,09 3,12±0,13 2,80±0,20 3,07±0,06 2,96±0,11 3,00±0,14 2,97±0,26

T3 3,07±0,12 3,00±0,14 3,00±0,11 3,08±0,06 3,17±0,21 3,16±0,09 3,26±0,10 3,11±0,02 3,15±0,07

Erythrodiol

+ Uvaol

T4 2,90±0,06 3,19±0,08 3,30±0,04 3,35±0,21 2,99±0,12 2,93±0,08 2,97±0,10 3,09±0,04 2,93±0,24

T01523,57±3,

41543,99±30

,81528,42±13

,91575,26±21

,61541,26±0,

221523,93±13

,41523,34±16

,01517,77±9,

81506,45±18

,9

T11550,48±20

,41518,93±11

,91561,63±12

,41573,03±2,

41570,43±32

,71545,18±28

,71520,87±6,

31527,55±22

,21521,21±23

,1

T21516,36±16

,91518,84±28

,81557,49±18

,91580,48±9,

51514,68±8,

91504,27±9,

91515,83±20

,81472,09±11

,91477,99±7,

90

Total Sterols

(%)

T31564,83±20

,91512,68±15

,01549,54±27

,41582,24±10

,61574,15±14

,81578,50±26

,81604,64±24

,11549,99±19

,81551,78±6,

20

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T41522,98±11

,31561,52±12

,81596,59±7,

871611,39±23

,01522,95±10

,71495,32±14

,21499,56±18

,01490,84±20

,51476,80±11

,1

T094,51±0,0

794,47±0,0

194,49±0,0

294,61±0,0

194,49±0,1

094,56±0,1

294,53±0,1

194,46±0,0

394,45±0,0

1

T194,66±0,0

894,57±0,0

194,64±0,0

894,61±0,0

294,70±0,0

294,70±0,0

294,72±0,0

194,46±0,0

194,47±0,0

1

T294,70±0,0

394,56±0,0

194,59±0,0

294,63±0,0

894,54±0,0

194,53±0,0

194,55±0,0

294,44±0,0

194,45±0,0

1

T394,47±0,0

194,44±0,0

194,54±0,0

694,51±0,0

094,58±0,0

194,55±0,0

294,56±0,0

294,52±0,0

494,54±0,0

2

Total Betasitosterol

(%)

T494,63±0,0

194,72±0,0

194,87±0,0

394,83±0,0

294,59±0,0

294,55±0,0

194,58±0,0

294,42±0,0

194,45±0,0

1

T0452,56±2,69

451,13±4,72

455,07±2,47

435,21±4,51

446,90±4,37

452,19±5,49

451,52±2,00

453,63±4,81

458,58±0,37

T1450,86±3,16

454,49±3,97

451,24±5,58

429,56±1,45

472,95±1,72

464,04±5,18

461,18±9,18

474,57±5,27

470,52±4,01

T2447,12±2,72

467,45±3,23

456,45±2,06

442,26±4,00

449,23±6,73

466,02±4,85

463,81±0,42

467,11±1,18

466,91±7,29

T3445,80±3,75

449,78±4,74

439,96±7,68

426,23±5,23

469,60±6,73

469,60±10,0

469,06±2,57

469,16±4,90

477,00±4,28

Total Polyphenols

(ppm)

T4460,25±5,15

473,78±7,80

457,25±4,76

453,04±5,25

476,55±1,77

473,15±8,24

479,36±3,82

469,48±6,89

471,92±9,29

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Figure S3: Acidity, K232 and K268 values of prepared oils

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Evaluation of phenols composition in EVOO extracts

Figure S4: LC-MS calibration curves.

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Table S3: phenols quantification by LC-MS

Oleacin concentration (μg ml-1)

Time EVOO_Untreated EtOH_Blk EtOH_OleAc EtOH_Mix UsHorn_Blk UsHorn_OleAc UsHorn_Mix UsBath_Blk UsBath_OleAc UsBath_Mix

T0 1,57 1,78 2,73 1,30 1,62 3,39 2,41 2,42 1,86 1,73

T1 2,73 1,57 1,46 1,43 2,59 3,03 2,98 2,78 4,19 3,96

T2 1,47 2,34 2,31 2,66 2,05 1,77 2,02 1,43 1,96 1,70

T3 2,12 1,61 0,91 0,92 1,90 2,22 1,93 3,31 0,66 0,57

T4 0,80 1,22 1,13 1,16 1,30 1,63 1,83 2,38 0,09 0,09

Oleuropein aglycon concentration (μg ml-1)

Time EVOO_Untreated EtOH_Blk EtOH_OleAc EtOH_Mix UsHorn_Blk UsHorn_OleAc UsHorn_Mix UsBath_Blk UsBath_OleAc UsBath_Mix

T0 4,69 7,75 8,19 5,86 4,89 8,58 7,17 7,28 4,64 4,00

T1 5,87 4,40 3,63 4,59 7,80 8,65 9,09 9,13 10,24 9,87

T2 7,60 6,60 6,30 9,86 5,63 4,57 6,69 4,10 7,70 6,75

T3 7,60 7,40 3,24 3,25 5,27 5,68 6,05 6,18 5,50 5,89

T4 2,60 7,66 3,41 4,20 3,91 3,84 5,24 6,07 2,60 3,00

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Nano-LC HRMS direct infusion analysis of EVOOs

Nano- LC HRMS conditions

Determination of peracetilated oleuropein in enriched oil was performed using a Thermo Scientific Q-ExactiveTM (Rodano, MI, Italy)

mass spectrometer. Analysis was operated using nano-electrospray with positive polaritiy, at 140,000 resolving power, IT 500 ms,

and ACG target, maximum injection time 200 ms by full scan analysis (mass range 700-1100 amu). Source conditions were: spray

voltage 1.0 KV, capillary temperature: 250 °C; S-Lens RF Level: 50. The instrument was calibrated by Thermo calibration solutions

prior to the beginning the analysis.

Enriched and blank EVOO samples were diluted before analysis. Previously, oil samples were diluted from 100 to 1000 μl, using

chloroform, then 5 μl of this solution were diluted with ethanol up to a final volume of 1000 μl.

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SIM HRMS Spectra

Olio-Oleac-EVO-horn-bianco2 #10-225 RT: 0.10-2.00 AV: 54 NL: 3.00E7T: FTMS + p NSI SIM ms [800.00-830.00]

794 796 798 800 802 804 806 808 810 812 814 816 818 820 822 824 826 828 830 832 834 836 838m/z

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

100

Relati

ve Ab

undanc

e

800.61262

827.71198801.61504 829.72952805.47391 817.65535811.60864 819.59816813.57063 825.69574809.62957

a

Olio-Oleac-EVO-horn-oleac #81-187 RT: 0.74-1.63 AV: 26 NL: 3.00E7T: FTMS + p NSI SIM ms [800.00-830.00]

794 796 798 800 802 804 806 808 810 812 814 816 818 820 822 824 826 828 830 832 834 836 838m/z

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

100

Relativ

e Abun

dance

815.23853

816.24189

810.28365

817.24418811.28687

829.72878800.61108 813.66190 827.71189818.24626801.61376 805.72978 822.75543 825.69524807.67234

b

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Figure S5 HRMS-SIM spectra of 815,23 m/z in blank (c) and enriched oil (d) samples.

Full scan with labelling relative to selected mass

Olio-Oleac-EVO-horn-oleac #141 RT: 1.25 AV: 1 NL: 5.00E8T: FTMS + p NSI Full ms [120.00-1500.00]

540 560 580 600 620 640 660 680 700 720 740 760 780 800 820 840m/z

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

Rel

ativ

e A

bund

ance

-131.6935

-103.6623

-211.7023

-167.7782-237.7180

-263.7336 -75.6310

0.0000-223.7413

18.5231-195.7097-151.7833

-171.7101-245.7230 -4.9556-43.6622

-207.6711

-125.6444-267.8402 33.5339-176.6649 -15.63102.0056

-97.6123-108.6176 -39.5924-65.6087-136.6488

-163.7556

-80.5870

Fig. S6 HRMS spectrum where peaks are labeled as relative to the selected mass of 815,2369 m/z