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Summary Report from Task 3 of MEWS Project at the Institute for Research in Construction – Hygrothermal Properties ofSeveral Building Materials
Kumaran, K.; Lackey, J.; Normandin, N.; van Reenen, D.; Tariku, F.
0
March 2002
IRC-RR-11
http://irc.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/ircpubs
SUMMARY REPORT FROM TASK 3 OF MEWS PROJECT AT THE INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH IN CONSTRUCTION
Hygrothermal Properties of Several Building Materials
Kumar Kumaran
John Lackey
Nicole Normandin
David van Reenen
Fitsum Tariku
March 2002
Reference:
Kumaran, M.K., Lackey, J., Normandin, N., van Reenen, D., and Tariku, F., (2002) "Summary Report from Task 3 of MEWS Project" Institute for Research in Construction, National Research Council, Ottawa, Canada, (NRCC-45369), pp. 1-68.
MEWS PROJECT REPORT T3-23: March 2002
SUMMARY REPORT FROM TASK 3 OF MEWS PROJECT AT THE INSTITUTE FOR
RESEARCH IN CONSTRUCTION
Hygrothermal Properties of Several Building Materials
IRC Research Team
Peter Beaulieu Mostafa Nofal
Mark Bomberg Nicole Normandin
Steve Cornick Mike Nicholls
Alan Dalgliesh Tim O’Connor
Guylaine Desmarais David Quirt
Reda Djebbar Madeleine Rousseau
Kumar Kumaran Nady Said
Michael Lacasse Mike Swinton
John Lackey Fitsum Tariku
Wahid Maref David van Reenen
Phalguni Mukhopadhyaya
MEWS Steering Committee
David Ritter, Louisiana Pacific Corporation Eric Jones, Canadian Wood Council Fred Baker, Fortifiber Corporation Gary Sturgeon, Masonry Canada Michael Bryner, EI DuPont de Nemours & Co
Sylvio Plescia, CMHC
Gilles Landry, Fiberboard Manufacturers Association of Canada
Fadi Nabhan, IRC, NRC Canada
Stephane Baffier, CPIA David Quirt, IRC, NRC Canada Paul Morris, Forintek Canada Corporation Kumar Kumaran, IRC NRC Canada Greg McManus, Marriott International Inc. Michael Lacasse, IRC NRC Canada Stephan Klamke, EIMA
Executive Summary This report summarizes the findings of MEWS Task Group 3 on the Properties of the following building
materials.
1. Oriented Strand Board
2. Plywood
3. Brick
4. Mortar
5. Stucco
6. Wood fibreboard
7. Composite wood siding
8. Water resistive barrier
9. Exterior grade gypsum board
10. EIFS base and finish coats and
11. Spray polyurethane foam
The properties that have been experimentally determined include:
1. Thermal conductivity of the dry material as a function of temperature
2. Water vapour permeability/permeance as a function of relative humidity
3. Equilibrium moisture content as a function of relative humidity/suction
4. Moisture diffusivity as function of moisture content
5. Water absorption coefficient
6. Air permeability/permeance
For the first eight materials, several products were tested to establish the range of properties shown by each material available in North American market. The main purpose of this investigation was to provide representative material properties as inputs for IRC’s hygrothermal model hygIRC.
Summary Report from Task 3 of MEWS i Hygrothermal Properties of Several Building Materials
Table of Contents 1 Introduction..........................................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Experimental Procedures.............................................................................................................................2 1.2 References...................................................................................................................................................7
2 Example Applications of Various Methods to determine the Hygrothermal Properties of Aerated Concrete....9 3 Representative Hygrothermal Properties of Plywood and OSB Products in North America ............................18 4 Air Permeances and Water Vapour Permeances of Nine Types of Water Resistive Barriers..........................26 5 Hygrothermal Properties of Six Bricks ..............................................................................................................30 6 Hygrothermal Properties of Mortar Mixes Used in North America....................................................................36 7 Hygrothermal Properties of Three Types of Stuccos Used in North America...................................................42 8 Hygrothermal Properties of Eight Fiberboard Sheathing Products...................................................................48 9 Hygrothermal Properties of Five Siding Products .............................................................................................58 10 Hygrothermal Properties of EIFS Base Coat + Finish Coat ..........................................................................66 11 Hygrothermal Properties of Exterior Grade Gypsum Board..........................................................................67 12 Water Vapour Permeability of a Spray Polyurethane Foam Insulation Product ...........................................68
Summary Report from Task 3 of MEWS 1 Hygrothermal Properties of Several Building Materials
1 Introduction
The Task Group 3 in MEWS project at the Institute for Research in Construction was struck to
systematically determine the hygrothermal properties of building products that are currently used in North
America. The main objective was to determine the range of each property for each set of products and provide that information as input to the computer model hygIRC, for parametric analyses.
At the first meeting on May 5 1998, the task group decided to concentrate on “materials out board of the
studs starting with sheathing”. As a result the following products were included in the investigation.
Product Name Number of
Products
Comments
OSB 6 The bulk densities were in the range 575 to 725 kg m-3
and varied from 10 to 11.5 mm. The strands included
aspen, poplar, birch as well as southern yellow pine.
Plywood 6 The bulk densities were in the range 400 to 600 kg m-3
and the thickness from 9.5 to 13 mm. The products were
certified as conforming to Canadian plywood
manufacturing standards CSA O151 Canadian Softwood
Plywood (CSP), or CSA O121 Douglas Fir Plywood
(DFP). These standards permit a variety of wood species
to be used in veneer plies, except that Douglas Fir is
required for the outer plies of CSA O121 DFP.
Fibreboard 8 Two of the products investigated were natural fiberboard
(no coating or facer) and four were coated with a thin layer
of black material on both major surfaces. One product
had a paper facer on one major surface while another one
had an aluminum foil facer. The nominal thickness of the
products varied between 11 mm and 13 mm. The
densities varied between 235 kg m-3 and 330 kg m-3.
Composite Wood
Siding
5 The substrates of three of the products were compressed
fiberboard, the fourth one OSB and the fifth one plywood.
All had vinyl coatings on one major surface. The thickness
of the products varied between 10.5 mm and 15.1 mm.
The densities varied between 580 kg m-3 and 930 kg m-3.
Water Resistive
Barrier
9 The products included paper based (rated 10 min or 30
min or 60 and # 15) and polymer based (spun-bonded
polyolifine, poly-acetate and polyethylene.
Summary Report from Task 3 of MEWS 2 Hygrothermal Properties of Several Building Materials
Brick 6 Clay brick, cement brick and calcium silicate brick are
included.
Mortar 4 Portland Cement-Lime Mortar and Masonry Cement
Mortar types N and S are included.
Stucco 3 Regular Lime Stucco , Regular Portland Stucco and
Acrylic Stucco.
EIFS 1 Polymer cement as the base coat and “Latex Acrylic with
Integral Colour and Texture” as the finish coat.
Sprayed
Polyurethane Foam
1 As applied on a 4' x 4' plywood substrate at a nominal
thickness of 2.25", in three passes of the spray.
Exterior Grade
Gypsum
1 Fibrous facers on either major surface.
Vinyl Siding 1 Strips are impenetrable to air and moisture.
For the parametric analyses hygIRC needs information on the following properties.
1. Thermal conductivity of the dry material as a function of temperature
2. Thermal conductivity as a function of moisture content
3. Water vapour permeability/permeance as a function of relative humidity
4. Equilibrium moisture content as a function of relative humidity
5. Moisture diffusivity as function of moisture content
6. Water absorption coefficient
7. Heat capacity of dry material (constant)
8. Heat capacity as a function of moisture content
9. Air permeability/permeance
1.1 Experimental Procedures Well-developed experimental procedures or international standard test procedures exist to determine the
properties listed above, except for the thermal conductivity and the heat capacity of moist materials. In the latter
cases combining rules [1] are used to estimate the properties from that for the dry material and water. The
principles of the experimental procedures that are used to determine the hygrothermal properties of building
materials in the present investigation are given below.
Thermal Conductivity of Dry Materials The heat conduction equation is directly used to determine the thermal conductivity of dry materials. Equipment
that can maintain a known unidirectional steady state heat flux (under known constant boundary temperatures)
Summary Report from Task 3 of MEWS 3 Hygrothermal Properties of Several Building Materials
across a flat slab of known thickness is used for the measurements. The most commonly used equipment is the
guarded hot plate apparatus or the heat flow meter apparatus. ASTM Standards C 177, Standard Test Method for
Steady-State Heat flux Measurements and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the Guarded-Hot-Plate
Apparatus and C518, Standard Test Method for Steady-State Heat flux Measurements and Thermal Transmission
Properties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter Apparatus are widely used for this purpose. The latter is used in the
present investigation. Similar standards are available from the International Standards Organization and the
European Union. In the ASTM Standards, the heat conduction equation is written for practical applications as:
λ = Q⋅l/(A⋅∆T) (1)
Where,
Q = Heat flow rate across an area A
l = Thickness of test specimen
∆T = Hot surface temperature – Cold surface temperature
The thermal conductivity calculated according to (1) is called apparent thermal conductivity. It is a function of the
average temperature of the test specimen.
Water Vapour Permeability/Permeance
The vapour diffusion equation is directly used to determine the water vapour permeability of building materials
[2]. The measurements are usually done under isothermal conditions. A test specimen of known area and
thickness separates two environments that differ in relative humidity (rh). Then the rate of vapour flow across the
specimen, under steady-state conditions (known rh’s as constant boundary conditions), is gravimetrically
determined. From these data the water vapour permeability of the material is calculated as:
δp = Jv⋅l/(A⋅∆p) (2)
Where,
Jv = Water vapour flow rate across an area A
l = Thickness of the specimen
∆p = Difference in water vapour pressure across the specimen surfaces
Often, especially for membranes and composite materials, one calculates the water vapour permeance, δl , of a
product at a given thickness from the above measurements as:
δl = Jv/(A⋅∆p) (3)
ASTM Standard E96, Test Methods for Water Vapour Transmission of Materials, prescribes two specific cases of
this procedure- a dry cup method that gives the permeance or permeability at a mean rh of 25 % and a wet cup
Summary Report from Task 3 of MEWS 4 Hygrothermal Properties of Several Building Materials
method that gives the permeance or permeability at a mean rh of 75 %. A new CEN Standard 89 N 336 E is being
developed in the European Union based on ISO standard. More recently a number of technical papers that deal
with various technical aspects, limitations and analyses of the experimental data of these procedures have
appeared in the literature [3-5].
For many hygroscopic materials, such as wood and wood products, the water vapour permeability/permeance is a
strong function of the local relative humidity and increases with rh. The ASTM Standard E 96 is being revised to
address this behaviour of building materials more quantitatively. For practical building applications, in addition to
the traditional dry and wet cup conditions, it is desirable to determine the permeance or permeability of
hygroscopic materials at a mean rh of 85 %. This can be done using the wet cup method of E96, but the rh in the
humidity chamber shall be maintained at 70 %.
Sorption/Desorption Isotherm
For sorption measurements, the test specimen is dried at an appropriate drying temperature to constant mass.
While maintaining a constant temperature, the dried specimen is placed consecutively in a series of test
environments, with relative humidity increasing in stages, until equilibrium is reached in each environment.
Equilibrium in each environment is confirmed by periodically weighing the specimen until constant mass is
reached. From the measured mass changes, the equilibrium moisture content at each test condition can be
calculated and the adsorption isotherm drawn.
The starting point for the desorption measurements is from an equilibrium condition very near 100% RH. While
maintaining a constant temperature, the specimen is placed consecutively in a series of test environments, with
relative humidity decreasing in stages, until equilibrium is reached in each environment. Equilibrium in each
environment is confirmed by periodically weighing the specimen until constant mass is reached. Finally, the
specimen is dried at the appropriate temperature to constant mass. From the measured mass changes, the
equilibrium moisture content at each test condition can be calculated and the desorption isotherm drawn.
A new CEN standard 89 N 337 E is under development for the determination of “Hygroscopic Sorption Curve.”
ASTM C16 Committee also is developing a standard.
Suction Isotherm:
The test specimens are saturated with water under vacuum. Those are then introduced in a pressure plate
apparatus that can maintain pressures up to 100 bar for several days. The plates in perfect hygric contact with the
specimens extract water out of the pore structure until an equilibrium state is established. The equilibrium values
for moisture contents in the specimens and the corresponding pressures (measured as the excess over
atmospheric pressure; the negative of this value is referred to as the pore pressure while the absolute value is the
suction) are recorded. The equilibrium pressure, ph, can be converted to a relative humidity, ϕ, using the following
equation:
Summary Report from Task 3 of MEWS 5 Hygrothermal Properties of Several Building Materials
hpρRTMln −=ϕ (4)
Where,
M = the molar mass of water
R = the ideal gas constant
T = the thermodynamic temperature and
ρ = the density of water
A Nordtest Technical Report [6] briefly describes a procedure for pressure plate measurements and reports the
results from an interlaboratory comparison. No standard procedure is yet developed for the determination of
suction isotherm. Also, the suitability of the pressure plate method and equation (4) for determining the
equilibrium moisture content of wood above 95% relative humidity has not been independently verified.
Moisture Diffusivity:
Moisture diffusivity, Dw, defines the rate of movement of water, Jl , within a material, induced by a water
concentration gradient according to the following equation:
Jl = - ρ0 Dw grad u (5)
Where,
ρ0 = density of the dry material
u = moisture content expressed as mass of water / dry mass of material
In the experimental procedure, liquid water in contact with one surface of a test specimen is allowed to diffuse into
the specimen. The distribution of moisture within the specimen is determined as a function of time at various
intervals until the moving moisture front advances to half of the specimen. Gamma spectroscopy is used as the
experimental technique. The data are analyzed using the Boltzmann transformation [7,8 ] to derive the moisture
diffusivity as a function of moisture content.
There is no standard test procedure for the determination of moisture diffusivity. There are many publications in
the literature that describe the technical and experimental details [9-12].
Summary Report from Task 3 of MEWS 6 Hygrothermal Properties of Several Building Materials
Water Absorption Coefficient:
One major surface of each test specimen is placed in contact with liquid water. The increase in mass as a result
of moisture absorption is recorded as a function of time. Usually, during the initial part of the absorption process a
plot of the mass increase against the square root of time is linear. The slope of the line divided by the area of the
surface in contact with water is the water absorption coefficient1.
A new CEN Standard 89 N 370 E on the determination of water absorption coefficient is under development.
Air Permeability/ Permeance:
Test specimens with known areas and thickness are positioned to separate two regions that differ in air pressure
and the airflow rate at a steady state and the pressure differential across the specimen are recorded. From these
data the air permeability, ka is calculated as:
ka = Ja⋅l/(A⋅∆p) (6)
Where,
Ja = Air flow rate across an area A
l = Thickness of the specimen
∆p = Difference in air pressure across the specimen surfaces
Often, especially for membranes and composite materials, one calculates the air permeance, Ka , of a product at
a given thickness from the above measurements as:
Ka = Ja/(A⋅∆p) (7)
ASTM Standard C 522, Standard Test Method for Airflow Resistance of Acoustical Materials prescribes a method
based on this principle. Bomberg and Kumaran[13] have extended the method for general application to building
materials.
1 When this method was applied to membranes, the membranes were put is perfect hygric contact with a substrate such as OSB.
Summary Report from Task 3 of MEWS 7 Hygrothermal Properties of Several Building Materials
1.2 References
1. Li, C. C., "Thermal Conductivity of Liquid Mixtures," AIChE Journal, Vol. 22, No. 5, pp 927-930, 1976.
2. Joy, F. A. and Wilson, A. G., “Standardization of the Dish Method for Measuring Water Vapour Transmission,”
Proceedings of the International Symposium on Humidity and Moisture, Washington, D. C., Vol. 4, Chapter
31, 1963, pp 259-270.
3. Hedenblad, G., “Moisture Permeability of Some Porous Building Materials,” Proceedings of the 4th
Symposium, Building Physics in the Nordic Countries, Espoo,Volume 2, 1996, 747-754.
4. Hansen, K. K. and Lund, H. B., “Cup Method for Determination of Water Vapour Transmission Properties of
Building Materials. Sources of Uncertainty in the Method,” Proceedings of the 2nd Symposium , Building
Physics in the Nordic Countries, Trondheim, 1990, pp 291-298.
5. Lackey, J. C., Marchand, R. G., and Kumaran, M. K., “A Logical Extension of the ASTM Standard E96 to
Determine the Dependence of Water Vapour Transmission on Relative Humidity,” Insulation Materials:
Testing And Applications: Third Volume, ASTM STP 1320, R. S. Graves and R. R. Zarr, Eds, American
Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA, 1997, pp 456-470. Also Kumaran, M. K., “An
Alternative Procedure for the Analysis of Data from the Cup Method Measurements for Determination of
Water Vapour Transmission Properties”, Journal of Testing and Evaluation, JTVEA, Vol. 26 , pp. 575-581,
1998.
6. Hansen, M. H., "Retention Curves Measured Using Pressure Plate and Pressure Membrane," Nordtest
Technical Report 367, Danish Building Research Institute, 1998, p 63.
7. Bruce, R. R. and Klute, A, "The Measurement of Soil Diffusivity," Soil Science Society of America
Proceedings. Vol. 20, pp. 251-257, 1956.
8. Kumaran, M.K., Mitalas, G.P., Kohonen, R., Ojanen, T, "Moisture transport coefficient of pine from gamma ray
absorption measurements," Collected Papers in Heat Transfer, 1989 : Winter Annual Meeting of the ASME
(San Francisco, CA, USA, 1989) pp. 179-183, 1989(ASME Heat Transfer Division vol. 123).
9. Marchand, R.G. and Kumaran, M. K., "Moisture diffusivity of cellulose insulation," Journal of Thermal
Insulation and Building Envelopes, Vol. 17, pp. 362-377, 1994.
10. Kumaran, M.K. and Bomberg, M.T., "A Gamma-spectrometer for determination of density distribution and
moisture distribution in building materials," Moisture and Humidity: Measurement and Control in Science and
Industry : Proceedings of International Symposium (Washington, D.C., USA, 1985), pp. 485-90, 1985.
Summary Report from Task 3 of MEWS 8 Hygrothermal Properties of Several Building Materials
11. Filip Descamps., "Continuum and Discrete Modelling of Isothermal Water and Air Transfer in Porous Media,"
Ph. D. Thesis, Katholieke Uniersity, Belgium, pp. 57-107, 1997.
12. Pel, L., "Moisture Transport in Porous Building Materials," Ph. D. Thesis, Eindhoven University of
Technology, the Netherlands, pp. 47-80, 1995.
13. Bomberg, M. T.and Kumaran, M.K., " A Test method to determine air flow resistance of exterior membranes
and sheathings," Journal of Thermal Insulation, Vol.9, pp. 224-235,1986.
Summary Report from Task 3 of MEWS 9 Hygrothermal Properties of Several Building Materials
2 Examples of Applications of Various Methods to determine the Hygrothermal Properties of Aerated Concrete
The test conditions reported in this section for different test methods are generally
followed throughout the project. Also, the procedures used in this section for data reduction
and analyses are followed for all materials in this report.
The test specimens used for various measurements reported here are taken from one block of aerated concrete, approximately 1’ X 1’ x 1.5’ in size.
Density: (460 ± 15) kg m-3
Heat Capacity (According to International Energy Agency Annex 24 Report2): 840 J K-1 kg-1
Thermal Conductivity: Measurements are according to ASTM Standard C518; 30 cm X 30 cm specimens are used in these
measurements. The temperatures of the plates are maintained within 0.02 °C for these measurements, during a
steady state for 12 h.
Table 2.1: Thermal Conductivity of Aerated Concrete.
Specimen Thickness
mm
Hot Plate Temperature
°C
Cold Plate Temperature
°C
Conductivity
W m-1 K-1
24.24 39.58 9.75 0.121
24.24 19.16 -9.40 0.119
Note: The heat flow meter apparatus is built to measure the heat transmission characteristics of insulating
materials and for those materials the measurement uncertainties are within 2 %; aerated concrete is more
conductive than traditional insulation and the large heat fluxes measured may give measurement uncertainties as
high as 5 %.
2 M K Kumaran, Final Report, Volume 3, “Material Properties”, International Energy Agency Annex 24 Report, Published by K. U. –Leuven Belgium, 1996
Summary Report from Task 3 of MEWS 10 Hygrothermal Properties of Several Building Materials
Sorption – Desorption Measurements3: Up to eight specimens, 41 mm X 41 mm X 6 mm each are used in these measurements; the numbers in
parentheses indicate the experimental uncertainties.
Sorption:
Table 2.2: Sorption data for Aerated Concrete.
RH, % Temperature, °C Moisture Content, kg kg-1
100, total saturation Lab at 22 (1) 1.72 (0.01), eight specimens
100, capillary saturation Lab at 22 (1) 0.83 (0.02), six specimens
88.1 (1) 23.0 (0.1) 0.050 (0.002), three specimens
71.5 (1) 23.0 (0.1) 0.021 (0.001), three specimens
50.6 (1) 23.0 (0.1) 0.011 (0.001), three specimens
Desorption:
Table 2.3. Desorption data for Aerated Concrete.
RH, % Temperature, °C Moisture Content, kg kg-1
99.99 (0.01) Lab at 22 (1) 0.92 (0.12), eight specimens
99.98 (0.01) Lab at 22 (1) 0.81 (0.08), eight specimens
99.96 (0.01) Lab at 22 (1) 0.77 (0.07), eight specimens
99.93 (0.01) Lab at 22 (1) 0.75 (0.06), eight specimens 99.85 (0.01) Lab at 22 (1) 0.72 (0.05), eight specimens 99.78 (0.01) Lab at 22 (1) 0.70 (0.05), eight specimens 99.71(0.01) Lab at 22 (1) 0.68 (0.04), eight specimens 99.63 (0.01) Lab at 22 (1) 0.66 (0.04), eight specimens 99.47(0.01) Lab at 22 (1) 0.64 (0.04), eight specimens 98.90 (0.01) Lab at 22 (1) 0.55 (0.02), six specimens 97.81 (0.01) Lab at 22 (1) 0.34 (0.05), six specimens
88.1 (1) 23.0 (0.1) 0.063 (0.001), three specimens
71.5 (1) 23.0 (0.1) 0.022 (0.001), three specimens
50.6 (1) 23.0 (0.1) 0.011 (0.001), three specimens
3 In the hygroscopic range, the measurements are done using the proposed procedure for ASTM Standard C1498, which in turn is based on CEN 89 N 337 E, “Hygroscopic Sorption Curve”; at the higher range the pressure plate method is used. Details of the pressure plate method are given by: Hansen, M. H., "Retention Curves Measured Using Pressure Plate and Pressure Membrane," Nordtest Technical Report 367, Danish Building Research Institute, 1998, p 63.
Summary Report from Task 3 of MEWS 11 Hygrothermal Properties of Several Building Materials
Water Vapour Transmission (WVT) Rate measurements4: For each test condition, 3 circular specimens, each 15 cm in diameter, are used.
Table 2.4. Dry Cup Measurements on Aerated Concrete Specimens: The numbers in parentheses indicate the experimental uncertainties
Specimen Thickness
mm Chamber RH
% Chamber Temperature
°C WVT Rate kg m-2 s-1
20.11 50.6 (1) 23.0 (0.1) 1.09E-06 (5.5E-09)
20.56 50.6 (1) 23.0 (0.1) 1.14E-06 (5.6E-09)
20.44 50.6 (1) 23.0 (0.1) 1.03E-06 (4.0E-09)
20.11 71.5 (1) 23.0 (0.3) 1.69E-06 (6.0E-09)
20.56 71.5 (1) 23.0 (0.3) 1.79E-06 (3.3E-09)
20.44 71.5 (1) 23.0 (0.3) 1.63E-06 (5.3E-09)
20.11 88.1 (1) 23.0 (0.3) 2.18E-06 (6.5E-09)
20.56 88.1 (1) 23.0 (0.3) 2.30E-06 (4.4E-09)
20.44 88.1 (1) 23.0 (0.3) 2.23E-06 (5.6E-09)
Table 2.5. Wet Cup Measurements on Aerated Concrete Specimens: The numbers in parentheses indicate the experimental uncertainties
Specimen Thickness
mm Chamber RH
% Chamber Temperature
°C WVT Rate kg m-2 s-1
20.29 71.7 (1) 23.0 (0.3) 1.30E-06 (1.7E-08)
20.34 71.7 (1) 23.0 (0.3) 1.40E-06 (1.4E-08)
20.11 71.7 (1) 23.0 (0.3) 1.49E-06 (1.5E-08)
20.29 87.8 (1) 23.0 (0.2) 1.13E-06 (1.5E-08)
20.34 87.8 (1) 23.0 (0.2) 9.60E-07 (1.0E.08)
20.11 87.8 (1) 23.0 (0.2) 9.69E-07 (1.0E.08)
The average thickness of still air in the cups is 11 mm
4 Measurements are done as described by: Lackey, J. C., Marchand, R. G., and Kumaran, M. K., “A Logical Extension of the ASTM Standard E96 to Determine the Dependence of Water Vapour Transmission on Relative Humidity,” Insulation Materials: Testing And Applications: Third Volume, ASTM STP 1320, R. S. Graves and R. R. Zarr, Eds, American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA, 1997, pp 456-470.
Summary Report from Task 3 of MEWS 12 Hygrothermal Properties of Several Building Materials
Derived Water Vapour Permeability5
Table 2.6. The dependence of water vapour permeability of Aerated Concrete on relative humidity.
RH, % Permeability
kg m-1 s-1 Pa-1 RH, % Permeability
kg m-1 s-1 Pa-1 10 1.12E-11 60 2.76E-11 20 1.33E-11 70 3.34E-11 30 1.59E-11 80 4.07E-11 40 1.91E-11 90 5.00E-11 50 2.29E-11 100 6.21E-11
The relation between WVT and Chamber RH is shown in Figure 2.1.
Rank 1 Eqn 8002 [Exponential] y=a+bexp(-x/c)
r2=0.993 DF Adj r2=0.992 FitStdErr=1.17e-07 Fstat=965
a=-7.41e-07 b=7.54e-07 c=-61.21
0 20 40 60 80 100CHAMBER RH, %
0
5e-07
1e-06
1.5e-06
2e-06
2.5e-06
3e-06
3.5e-06
W V
T R
ate,
kg
m-2
s-1
Figure 2.1. All data are interpreted as dry cup measurements; RH inside the cup is “zero” and chamber RH is the RH outside the cup.
The numeric summary of the analyses is listed below. The commercial software package called TableCurve2 is
used for the curve fit. The terminology below is from the package.
5 The analysis is done as described in : Kumaran, M. K., “An Alternative Procedure for the Analysis of Data from the Cup Method Measurements for Determination of Water Vapour Transmission Properties”, Journal of Testing and Evaluation, JTVEA, Vol. 26 , pp. 575-581, 1998.
Summary Report from Task 3 of MEWS 13 Hygrothermal Properties of Several Building Materials
The equation that represents the relation between x = chamber RH and y = WVT rate is [Exponential] y= a + b
exp(-x/c)
r2 , Coefficient of Determination = 0.993
Fit Std Error = 1.7E-07
F-value = 965
Parameter. Value Std Error t-value 90% Confidence Limits
a -7.41e-07 2.1e-07 -3.5 -1.12e-06 -3.69e-07
b 7.54e-07 1.9e-07 4.0 4.23e-07 1.08e-06
c -61.2 7.5 -8.1 -74.5 -47.9
From the above statistics, the estimated uncertainty in the derived value of the permeability may be up to 28 %.
This type of uncertainty is quite common for building products that are not homogeneous.
Summary Report from Task 3 of MEWS 14 Hygrothermal Properties of Several Building Materials
Water Absorption Coefficient6: Five test specimens, 5 cm X 5 cm X 5 cm each, were used in these measurements. Water is maintained at (22 ± 1) °C. The numbers in parentheses give the standard deviations.
Table 2.7. Water absorption data for Aerated Concrete.
Square Root of
time, s½ Water Absorption
kg m-2 7.75 0.93 (0.13)
13.42 1.24 (0.17) 17.32 1.41 (0.21) 24.49 1.73 (0.25) 30.00 1.96 (0.29) 38.73 2.29 (0.34) 45.83 2.55 (0.37) 54.77 2.87 (0.44) 64.81 3.20 (0.47) 73.48 3.48 (0.53) 81.24 3.71 (0.56) 91.65 4.05 (0.62) 101.00 4.31 (0.69)
Linear regression using all the data from the first linear part of the absorption process for the five specimens gives: Water Absorption Coefficient for the major surfaces = 0.036 ± 0.002 kg m-2 s-½.
6 The procedure used is based on: CEN/TC 89/WG 10 N95 – Determination of water absorption coefficient, 1994-07-07.
Summary Report from Task 3 of MEWS 15 Hygrothermal Properties of Several Building Materials
Moisture Diffusivity:
Gamma ray method7 is used to measure the distribution of moisture in three test specimens, 5 cm X 30 cm X 2.4 cm each, during the moisture uptake through the edge. The principle of the methodology is described by Kumaran et. al8. Marchand and Kumaran9 have reported the procedure used for the data reduction.
The running average method that is described by Marchand and Kumaran gives the characteristic curve
shown in Figure 2.2, for this aerated concrete. Several hundreds of data pairs obtained on the three test specimens, in 36 sets of measurements over a period of seven days are included in the analysis.
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
0 0.0001 0.0002 0.0003 0.0004 0.0005 0.0006
Running Avg. Boltzmann Variable, m s-½
Run
ning
Avg
. Moi
stur
e C
onte
nt, k
g m
-3
Figure 2.2. The characteristic curve for aerated concrete resulted from moisture uptake and distribution measurements.
7 Kumaran, M.K. and Bomberg, M.T., "A Gamma-spectrometer for determination of density distribution and moisture distribution in building materials," Moisture and Humidity: Measurement and Control in Science and Industry : Proceedings of International Symposium (Washington, D.C., USA, 1985), pp. 485-90, 1985. 8 Kumaran, M.K., Mitalas, G.P., Kohonen, R., Ojanen, T, "Moisture transport coefficient of pine from gamma ray absorption measurements," Collected Papers in Heat Transfer, 1989 : Winter Annual Meeting of the ASME (San Francisco, CA, USA, 1989) pp. 179-183, 1989(ASME Heat Transfer Division vol. 123). 9 Marchand, R.G. and Kumaran, M. K., "Moisture diffusivity of cellulose insulation," Journal of Thermal Insulation and Building Envelopes, Vol. 17, pp. 362-377, 1994.
Summary Report from Task 3 of MEWS 16 Hygrothermal Properties of Several Building Materials
The moisture diffusivity derived from the above characteristic curve is given in Table 2.8.
Table 2.8. The dependence of moisture diffusivity of Aerated Concrete on moisture content.
Moisture Content
kg kg-1
Diffusivity
m2 s-1
Moisture Content
kg kg-1
Diffusivity
m2 s-1
0.087 8.72E-09 0.326 3.44E-09
0.109 5.47E-09 0.348 3.64E-09
0.130 4.32E-09 0.370 3.91E-09
0.152 3.76E-09 0.391 4.29E-09
0.174 3.44E-09 0.413 4.81E-09
0.196 3.26E-09 0.435 5.56E-09
0.217 3.16E-09 0.457 6.71E-09
0.239 3.12E-09 0.478 8.71E-09
0.261 3.13E-09 0.500 1.3E-08
0.283 3.19E-09 0.522 2.89E-08
0.304 3.29E-09 0.543 5.15E-08
Note: The area enclosed by the characteristic curve in Figure 2.2 is ~ 0.033 kg m-2 s-½ and this value is
very close to the water absorption coefficient = 0.036 kg m-2 s-½ that was directly determined. This should be the
case and the correspondence between the two shows the internal consistency of the two methods. However, the
uncertainty in the derived moisture diffusivity is estimated to be as high as 30 to 50 %.
Summary Report from Task 3 of MEWS 17 Hygrothermal Properties of Several Building Materials
Air Permeability: Bomberg and Kumaran10 have reported the principle of the method used in these measurements.
Appendix XIII of the Client Report to ASHRAE, B-1115.3 “A Thermal and Moisture Transport Property Database
for Common Building and Insulating Materials – 1018-RP” dated 1 April 1999 reports the details. Three circular
test specimens, each approximately 15 cm in diameter, are used in these measurements. The measurements are
conducted at a temperature = (22 ± 1) ° C.
The summary of the statistical analyses of all data obtained from two series of measurements on each
specimen is shown in Figure 2.3 as three separate sets.
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Pressure Difference (Pa)
Flow
, l m
-2 s
-1
Data Points Mean PermeanceUpper Confidence Interval Lower Confidence Interval
Figure 2.3. The dependence of airflow rate on pressure difference for aerated concrete.
For the range of pressure differences between 25 Pa and 700 Pa, the flow rate linearly varies with the pressure
difference. The air permeability is (4.9 ± 2.6) E-09 kg m-1 Pa-1 s-1.
10 Bomberg, M. T. and Kumaran, M.K., " A Test method to determine air flow resistance of exterior membranes and sheathings," Journal of Thermal Insulation, Vol.9, pp. 224-235,1986.
Summary Report from Task 3 of MEWS 18 Hygrothermal Properties of Several Building Materials
3 Representative Hygrothermal Properties of Plywood and OSB Products in North America
Background:
Ten plywood and seven OSB products were acquired for the investigation. These were either supplied by
the partners or purchased in consultation with experts. As reported at the Task Group 3 meeting in September
1998, two series of screening tests were conducted on all:
Water absorption rate through the major surfaces
Water vapour permeability between 70 % and 100 % RH
Based on the screening tests, and as agreed upon by the MEWS members, four plywood and four OSB
products were chosen as follows: two to represent the extremes and two from the middle range.
General Physical Properties:
The bulk densities, ρ, of the plywood products were in the range 400 to 600 kg m-3 and that for OSB 575
to 725 kg m-3. The thickness for the former varied from 9.5 to 13 mm and for the latter from 10 to 11.5 mm. The
heat capacity of both products, according to the IEA Annex 24 report is approximately 1880 J K-1 kg-1.
Thermal conductivity of dry materials:
The report T3-08 listed the results on the thermal conductivites of 12 test specimens each of plywood and
OSB at two mean temperatures (nominal 0 and 24 °C). The average temperature coefficient of thermal
conductivity is 2.1 x 10-4 W m-1 K-2 for plywood and 2.0 x 10-4 for OSB. Figure 3.1 and Figure 3.2 show the
dependence of thermal conductivity (W m-1 K-1), λ (nominal temperature 24°C), on bulk density, ρ, for plywood
and OSB respectively. Linear relations may approximate the dependence:
λ = a + b ρ
For plywood, a = 0.010 W m-1 K-1 and b = 1.67x10-4 (W m-1 K-1 )/ (kg m-3) and
For OSB, a = -0.0339 W m-1 K-1 and b = 2.05x10-4 (W m-1 K-1 )/ (kg m-3)
Summary Report from Task 3 of MEWS 19 Hygrothermal Properties of Several Building Materials
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.1
0.11
0.12
0.13
350 450 550 650
DENSITY, kg m-3
CO
ND
UC
TIVI
TY, W
m-1
K-1
Figure 3.1. Dependence of the thermal conductivity of plywood on density (at 24 °C)
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.1
0.11
0.12
0.13
550 600 650 700 750
DENSITY, kg m-3
CO
ND
UC
IVIT
Y, W
m-1
K-1
Figure 3.2. Dependence of the thermal conductivity of OSB on density (at 24 °C)
Summary Report from Task 3 of MEWS 20 Hygrothermal Properties of Several Building Materials
Water Vapour Permeability:
As presented in the report T3-05, the range of the water vapour permeabilities for the two products is as
follows:
Table 3.1. Water Vapour Permeability of Plywood
RH, % Permeability
kg m-1s-1 Pa-1 Lower Limit Upper Limit
20 4.22E-13 5.43E-13
30 6.99E-13 8.99E-13
40 9.73E-13 1.25E-12
50 1.38E-12 1.77E-12
60 2.19E-12 2.81E-12
70 3.85E-12 4.95E-12
80 7.02E-12 9.03E-12
90 1.28E-11 1.65E-11
100 2.31E-11 2.97E-11
Table 3.2. Water Vapour Permeability of OSB
RH, % Permeability
kg m-1s-1 Pa-1 Lower Limit Upper Limit
20 1.76E-13 2.05E-13
30 3.96E-13 4.63E-13
40 7.04E-13 8.23E-13
50 1.11E-12 1.29E-12
60 1.60E-12 1.87E-12
70 2.19E-12 2.56E-12
80 2.88E-12 3.37E-12
90 3.66E-12 4.28E-12
100 4.56E-12 5.33E-12
Summary Report from Task 3 of MEWS 21 Hygrothermal Properties of Several Building Materials
Moisture Diffusivity:
From detailed measurements on spatial and temporal distribution of moisture in test specimens during a
moisture uptake process across the edges, the following ranges are derived for the moisture diffusivity.
Table 3.3. Moisture Diffusivity of Plywood
Moisture Content
Diffusivity (Lower)
Diffusivity (Upper)
Moisture Content Diffusivity (Lower)
Diffusivity (Upper)
kg m-3
m2 s-1
m2 s-1
kg m-3
m2 s-1
m2 s-1
10 1.94E-08 2.86E-08 210 4.93E-09 5.39E-09 20 1.67E-08 2.26E-08 220 4.45E-09 4.88E-09 30 1.38E-08 1.74E-08 230 3.98E-09 4.38E-09 40 1.10E-08 1.30E-08 240 3.55E-09 3.92E-09 50 8.45E-09 9.52E-09 250 3.19E-09 3.52E-09 60 6.34E-09 6.99E-09 260 2.88E-09 3.19E-09 70 4.77E-09 5.29E-09 270 2.64E-09 2.91E-09 80 3.82E-09 4.26E-09 280 2.43E-09 2.69E-09 90 3.42E-09 3.79E-09 290 2.25E-09 2.50E-09 100 3.45E-09 3.79E-09 300 2.09E-09 2.33E-09 110 3.79E-09 4.14E-09 310 1.93E-09 2.16E-09 120 4.31E-09 4.67E-09 320 1.78E-09 1.98E-09 130 4.89E-09 5.28E-09 330 1.62E-09 1.81E-09 140 5.43E-09 5.84E-09 340 1.46E-09 1.65E-09 150 5.85E-09 6.29E-09 350 1.32E-09 1.50E-09 160 6.10E-09 6.58E-09 360 1.20E-09 1.37E-09 170 6.15E-09 6.66E-09 370 1.11E-09 1.26E-09 180 6.04E-09 6.56E-09 380 1.04E-09 1.18E-09 190 5.77E-09 6.28E-09 390 9.59E-10 1.11E-09 200 5.39E-09 5.87E-09 400 8.70E-10 1.01E-09
Summary Report from Task 3 of MEWS 22 Hygrothermal Properties of Several Building Materials
Table 3.4. Moisture Diffusivity of OSB
Moisture Content
Diffusivity (Lower)
Diffusivity (Upper)
Moisture Content Diffusivity (Lower)
Diffusivity (Upper)
kg m-3
m2 s-1
m2 s-1
kg m-3
m2 s-1
m2 s-1
10 9.05E-09 1.78E-08 310 3.58E-10 3.79E-10 20 4.39E-09 6.78E-09 320 3.52E-10 3.73E-10 30 2.88E-09 3.90E-09 330 3.46E-10 3.67E-10 40 2.13E-09 2.66E-09 340 3.41E-10 3.61E-10 50 1.70E-09 2.00E-09 350 3.36E-10 3.56E-10 60 1.41E-09 1.60E-09 360 3.31E-10 3.52E-10 70 1.21E-09 1.33E-09 370 3.27E-10 3.48E-10 80 1.05E-09 1.15E-09 380 3.22E-10 3.44E-10 90 9.38E-10 1.01E-09 390 3.18E-10 3.40E-10 100 8.45E-10 9.12E-10 400 3.14E-10 3.36E-10 110 7.71E-10 8.32E-10 410 3.11E-10 3.33E-10 120 7.11E-10 7.67E-10 420 3.07E-10 3.30E-10 130 6.61E-10 7.14E-10 430 3.04E-10 3.27E-10 140 6.19E-10 6.69E-10 440 3.01E-10 3.25E-10 150 5.83E-10 6.31E-10 450 2.98E-10 3.22E-10 160 5.53E-10 5.98E-10 460 2.95E-10 3.20E-10 170 5.27E-10 5.70E-10 470 2.92E-10 3.18E-10 180 5.05E-10 5.45E-10 480 2.89E-10 3.16E-10 190 4.85E-10 5.23E-10 490 2.87E-10 3.14E-10 200 4.67E-10 5.03E-10 500 2.84E-10 3.12E-10 210 4.52E-10 4.85E-10 510 2.82E-10 3.10E-10 220 4.38E-10 4.70E-10 520 2.79E-10 3.08E-10 230 4.25E-10 4.55E-10 530 2.77E-10 3.07E-10 240 4.14E-10 4.43E-10 540 2.75E-10 3.05E-10 250 4.04E-10 4.31E-10 550 2.73E-10 3.04E-10 260 3.95E-10 4.20E-10 560 2.71E-10 3.02E-10 270 3.86E-10 4.10E-10 570 2.69E-10 3.01E-10 280 3.78E-10 4.02E-10 580 2.67E-10 3.00E-10 290 3.71E-10 3.93E-10 590 2.66E-10 2.99E-10 300 3.64E-10 3.86E-10 600 2.64E-10 2.97E-10
Summary Report from Task 3 of MEWS 23 Hygrothermal Properties of Several Building Materials
Water Absorption Coefficient:
Table 3.5. Water Absorption Coeficient of Plywood and OSB
Absorption Coefficient (Across the major surfaces)
kg m-2 s-½ plywood OSB Average 0.0026 0.0022 Standard
deviation
0.0013
0.0011
Air Permeance:
Both products are very airtight materials. Measurements on three test specimens of each of the six
products for either material gave the following results.
Plywood: Air permeance varies between 1.3 x 10-4 and 1.0 x 10-2 litre (75 Pa)-1 m-2 s-1.
OSB: Air permeance varies between 6.6 x 10-4 and 1.4 x 10-2 litre (75 Pa)-1 m-2 s-1.
Results on individual products are listed below.
Table 3.6. Air Permeance of Plywood and OSB
Plywood OSB
Product No. litre (75 Pa)-1 m-2 s-1 litre (75 Pa)-1 m-2 s-1
1 (2.1 ± 2.0) • 10-3 (7.7 ± 3.9) • 10-3 2 (3.0 ± 3.6) • 10-3 (6.6 ± 4.3) • 10-4 3 (1.6 ± 1.7) • 10-3 (1.9 ± 1.8) • 10-3 4 (2.4 ± 0.2) • 10-3 (1.4 ± 0.1) • 10-2 5 (1.0 ± 1.2) • 10-2 (3.2 ± 2.4) • 10-3 6 (1.3 ± 0.8) • 10-4 (1.2 ± 0.7) • 10-2
Summary Report from Task 3 of MEWS 24 Hygrothermal Properties of Several Building Materials
Sorption/ Desorption/ Suction Isotherms:
Table 3.7 (a) Results from Sorption/Desorption Measurements on six OSB products
RH, % Average Moisture Content, kg kg-1
Standard Deviation kg kg-1
48 (desorption) 0.051 0.003 50 (sorption) 0.050 0.017
69 (desorption) 0.105 0.007 69.3 (sorption) 0.086 0.012
88.9 (desorption) 0.142 0.005 91.5 (sorption) 0.163 0.008 93 (desorption) 0.205 0.030
Table 3.8 (b) Results from Pressure Plate Measurements on six OSB products
Suction Pa
Average Moisture Content, kg kg-1
Standard Deviation kg kg-1
1 x 106 0.58 0.09 3 x 105 0.71 0.10 1 x 105 0.88 0.12 3 x 104 1.06 0.11 1 x 104 1.11 0.12 4 x 103 1.15 0.11
0 1.50 0.14
Table 3.9. (a) Results from Sorption/Desorption Measurements on six Plywood products
RH, % Average Moisture Content, kg kg-1
Standard Deviation kg kg-1
49.9 (sorption) 0.060 0.015 48 (desorption) 0.062 0.003
69 (sorption) 0.095 0.006 70 (desorption) 0.108 0.008
90 (sorption) 0.160 0.006 91 (desorption) 0.187 0.010
Summary Report from Task 3 of MEWS 25 Hygrothermal Properties of Several Building Materials
Table 3.8 (b) Results from Pressure Plate Measurements on six Plywood products
Suction Pa
Average Moisture Content, kg kg-1
Standard Deviation kg kg-1
1 x 106 0.59 0.21 3 x 105 0.82 0.17 1 x 105 0.94 0.22 3 x 104 1.23 0.25
0 1.60 0.37
Note that zero suction corresponds to “vacuum saturation”. Some of the specimens swelled by as much as 30 %
by volume up on saturation.
Summary Report from Task 3 of MEWS 26 Hygrothermal Properties of Several Building Materials
4 Air Permeances and Water Vapour Permeances of Nine Types of Water Resistive Barriers
Background: The products investigated include paper based materials such as 10 minute, 30 minute, 60 minute and
# 15 felt and several polymer based products such as spun bonded polyolifines, polyacetates and perforated
polyethylene. For these products only the air permeances, water vapour transmission characteristics and
water absorption coefficients are measured.
Air Permeance:
Table 4.1. Air permeances of various Water Resistive Barriers
Material Thickness, mm Mass/area,
g/m-2
Air permeance
litre (75 Pa)-1 m-2 s-1
IA* 0.23 83 2.1 ± 1
II 0.20 199 0.49 ± 0.1
III 0.20 202 0.26 ± 0.15
IVA* 0.31 199 0.51 ± 0.09
VA* 0.64 521 0.15 ± 0.02
VC* 0.65 570 0.018 ± 0.004
VI 0.04 55 impermeable
VII 0.11 68 0.0033 ± 0.0008
VIII 0.15 81 4.3 ± 1.4
IX 0.12 95 0.62 ± 0.31
*IB, IVB and VB shown in Table 4.2, Table 4.3 and Table 4.4 are from IRC data bank; the measurements
were done in other projects.
Water Absorption Coefficient:
The water absorption coefficients of paper based products (10 min, 30 min and 60 min) are all between 0.0005
and 0.001 kg m-2 s-½. Those of all polymeric products are below 0.0003 kg m-2 s-½.
Sum
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epor
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m T
ask
3 of
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27
Hyg
roth
erm
al P
rope
rties
of S
ever
al B
uild
ing
Mat
eria
ls
Wat
er V
apou
r Per
mea
nce:
Ta
ble
4.2.
Wat
er V
apou
r Per
mea
nces
of V
ario
us W
ater
Res
istiv
e Ba
rrier
s (k
g m
-2 s
-1 P
a-1)
R
H,%
II
IIIII
IVIV
VV
VVI
VII
VIII
IX
AB
AB
AB
C
0
1.
06E-
09
9.30
E-10
2.87
E-09
2.37
E-09
1.
07E-
09
2.77
E-10
100
1.06
E-09
9.
30E-
102.
87E-
092.
37E-
09
1.07
E-09
2.
77E-
10
0
2.46
E-10
7.85
E-11
10
3.
18E-
108.
17E-
109.
34E-
112.
78E-
11
20
4.
11E-
109.
80E-
101.
13E-
102.
93E-
11
30
5.
32E-
101.
22E-
091.
39E-
103.
47E-
11
40
6.
93E-
101.
52E-
091.
76E-
104.
37E-
11
50
9.
07E-
101.
89E-
097.
10E-
102.
31E-
107.
10E-
115.
86E-
11
60
1.
19E-
092.
37E-
097.
80E-
103.
15E-
101.
00E-
108.
41E-
11
70
1.
59E-
092.
96E-
098.
50E-
104.
56E-
101.
60E-
101.
33E-
10
80
2.
14E-
093.
74E-
099.
20E-
107.
23E-
103.
00E-
102.
44E-
10
90
2.
95E-
094.
76E-
099.
80E-
101.
34E-
097.
20E-
106.
01E-
10
100
4.
17E-
096.
17E-
091.
00E-
093.
50E-
094.
70E-
094.
01E-
09
0
7.11
E-12
10
2.
37E-
11
20
3.
87E-
11
30
5.
49E-
11
40
7.
57E-
11
50
1.
07E-
10
60
1.
59E-
10
70
2.
61E-
10
80
4.
97E-
10
90
1.
23E-
09
91
1.
38E-
09
92
1.
56E-
09
93
1.
77E-
09
94
2.
03E-
09
95
2.
35E-
09
96
2.
76E-
09
97
3.
28E-
09
98
3.
98E-
09
99
4.
93E-
09
100
6.
32E-
09
Sum
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Hyg
roth
erm
al P
rope
rties
of S
ever
al B
uild
ing
Mat
eria
ls
Tabl
e 4.
3. W
ater
Vap
our P
erm
eanc
es o
f Var
ious
Wat
er R
esis
tive
Barri
ers
(ng
m s
Pa
)
-2-1
-1
R
H,%
II
IIIV
IVV
VV
VII
VIII
IX
BA
BB
IIIVI
AA
C
010
60.0
930.
028
70.0
2370
.0
1070
.027
7.0
100
1060
.0
93
0.0
2870
.023
70.0
10
70.0
277.
0
0
246.
078
.5
10
31
8.0
817.
0
93
.4
27.8
20
41
1.0
980.
0
11
3.0
29
.3
30
53
2.0
1220
.0
13
9.0
34
.7
40
69
3.0
1520
.0
17
6.0
43
.7
50
90
7.0
1890
.071
0.0
231.
071
.058
.6
60
11
90.0
2370
.078
0.0
315.
010
0.0
84.1
70
15
90.0
2960
.085
0.0
456.
016
0.0
133.
0
80
21
40.0
3740
.092
0.0
723.
030
0.0
244.
0
90
29
50.0
4760
.098
0.0
1340
.072
0.0
601.
0
100
4170
.061
70.0
1000
.035
00.0
4700
.040
10.0
10
23
.7
20
38
.7
30
54
.9
40
75
.7
50
10
7.0
60
15
9.0
70
26
1.0
80
49
7.0
90
12
30.0
91
13
80.0
92
15
60.0
93
17
70.0
94
20
30.0
95
23
50.0
96
27
60.0
97
32
80.0
98
39
80.0
99
49
30.0
100
6320
.0
0
7.1
Sum
mar
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epor
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3 of
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Hyg
roth
erm
al P
rope
rties
of S
ever
al B
uild
ing
Mat
eria
ls
Tabl
e 4.
4. W
ater
Vap
our P
erm
eanc
es o
f Var
ious
Wat
er R
esis
tive
Barri
ers
(per
m)
R
H,%
II
IIIII
IVIV
VV
VVI
VII
VIII
IX
AB
AB
AB
C
0 18
.5
16.2
50
.141
.418
.74.
8
100
18.5
16
.2
50.1
41.4
18.7
4.8
0
4.
31.
4
10
5.6
14.3
1.6
0.
5
20
7.2
17.1
2.0
0.
5
30
9.3
21.3
2.4
0.
6
40
12.1
26
.6
3.
1
0.8
50
15
.833
.012
.44.
01.
21.
0
60
20
.841
.413
.65.
51.
71.
5
70
27
.851
.714
.88.
02.
82.
3
80
37
.465
.316
.112
.65.
24.
3
90
51
.583
.117
.123
.412
.610
.5
100
72
.810
7.8
17.5
61.1
82.1
70.0
0
0.1
10
0.
4
20
0.
7
30
1.
0
40
1.
3
50
1.
9
60
2.
8
70
4.
6
80
8.
7
90
21
.5
91
24
.1
92
27
.2
93
30
.9
94
35
.5
95
41
.0
96
48
.2
97
57
.3
98
69
.5
99
86
.1
100
11
0.4
Summary Report from Task 3 of MEWS 30 Hygrothermal Properties of Several Building Materials
5 Hygrothermal Properties of Six Bricks Background:
As per the recommendation of Masonry Canada, three clay bricks, two concrete bricks
and one calcium silicate brick were included in Task 3, for material characterization. Masonry
Canada supplied all test samples.
General Physical Properties:
The bulk densities of the bricks ranged between 1750 and 2300 kg m-3. The heat capacity
of brick, according to the IEA Annex 24 report is approximately 800 J K-1 kg-1.
Thermal conductivity of dry materials:
Thermal conductivities, as measured on one specimen of each brick at two mean
temperatures are listed in Table 5.1. On the average, the temperature coefficient of thermal
conductivity for the bricks is ≈ 0.0007 W m-1 K-2.
Table 5.1. Thermal conductivities of the bricks at two mean temperatures
Thickness Density T(mean) Thermal Conductivity
Brick No. and Type
mm kg m-3 °C W m-1 K-1
12.0 2294 10.0 0.789 1. White Concrete Brick 12.0 2294 22.5 0.792 “” 12.4 1935 10.8 0.489 2. Red Matt Clay Brick 12.4 1935 24.1 0.500 “” 12.3 1719 9.82 0.425 3. Buff Matt Clay Brick 12.3 1719 24.2 0.434 “” 12.3 1821 9.82 0.509 4. Textured Coated Clay Brick 12.3 1821 23.4 0.522 “” 12.2 2315 11.2 0.728 5. Concrete Brick 12.2 2315 24.0 0.737 “” 12.2 1973 10.5 0.614 6. Calcium Silicate Brick 12.2 1973 23.6 0.623 “”
Summary Report from Task 3 of MEWS 31 Hygrothermal Properties of Several Building Materials
Water Vapour Permeability: The water vapour permeabilities (kg m-1 s-1 Pa-1) of the six bricks are listed in Table 5.2 and plotted in Figure 5.1.
Table 5.2. Water Vapour Permeabities of Brick
RH, % 1. Concrete 2. Clay 3. Clay 4. Clay 5. Concrete 6. Cal Sil 10 1.23E-12 1.51E-12 7.09E-12 3.04E-12 1.14E-12 1.14E-12 20 1.35E-12 1.57E-12 7.34E-12 3.15E-12 1.37E-12 1.74E-12 30 1.47E-12 1.64E-12 7.59E-12 3.26E-12 1.65E-12 2.65E-12 40 1.6E-12 1.7E-12 7.86E-12 3.37E-12 2E-12 4.06E-12 50 1.75E-12 1.77E-12 8.13E-12 3.48E-12 2.4E-12 6.25E-12 60 1.91E-12 1.84E-12 8.41E-12 3.6E-12 2.89E-12 9.72E-12 70 2.09E-12 1.91E-12 8.71E-12 3.73E-12 3.51E-12 1.54E-11 80 2.28E-12 1.99E-12 9.02E-12 3.86E-12 4.21E-12 2.5E-11 90 2.49E-12 2.07E-12 9.34E-12 3.99E-12 4.96E-12 4.26E-11 100 2.72E-12 2.15E-12 9.67E-12 4.13E-12 6.14E-12 7.97E-11
0.0E+00
1.0E-11
2.0E-11
3.0E-11
4.0E-11
5.0E-11
6.0E-11
7.0E-11
8.0E-11
9.0E-11
0 20 40 60 80 100
RH, %
Vapo
ur P
erm
eabi
lity,
kg
m-1
s-1
Pa-1
ConcreteClayClayClayConcreteCalSil
Figure 5.1. Water vapour permeabilities of six bricks.
Summary Report from Task 3 of MEWS 32 Hygrothermal Properties of Several Building Materials
Water Absorption Coefficient:
The water absorption coefficients of the six bricks are given in Table 5.3.
Table 5.3: Water absorption coefficients for the six bricks.
No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Type Concrete Clay Clay Clay Concrete Cal.Sil.
Absorption Coefficient kg m-2 s-½
0.0076 0.0268 0.0012 0.0322 0.0097 0.0181
Air Permeability: The measured air permeances for the bricks are found in Table 5.4.
Table 5.4. Air Permeance of Brick
Brick Type Specimen Thickness
mm
Air Permeance
l m-2 s-1(75 Pa) -1
Concrete 12.1 2.6 X 10-3
Clay 12.1 7.6 X 10-4
Clay 12.4 1.6 X 10-3
Clay 11.1 8.1 X 10-3
Concrete 14.7 3.5 X 10-4
Calcium Silicate 13.8 3.3 X 10-3
Sorption/ Desorption/ Suction Isotherms:
The results from sorption/desorption/suction measurements on the six bricks are shown in
Table 5.5. The equilibrium moisture content at each relative humidity is given as mass of moisture
per unit mass of the dry material. The results are plotted in Figure 5.2.
Summary Report from Task 3 of MEWS 33 Hygrothermal Properties of Several Building Materials
Table 5.5 Sorption/desorption/suction isotherms for the six bricks.
Moisture content, kg kg-1
RH, % Suction Pa
Concrete Clay Clay Clay Concrete Cal Sil
0 0.053 0.112 0.204 0.183 0.056 0.138 3 x 105 0.054 0.112 0.097 0.057 0.055 0.104 6.5 x 106 0.031 0.029 0.004 0.049 0.028 0.073
92 (sorption) 0.03 0.0007 0.0017 0.0016 0.0219 0.048 91 (desorption) 0.03 0.0012 0.0012 0.0007 0.0261 0.046
70 (sorption) 0.0244 0.0006 0 0.0006 0.0205 0.033 69 (desorption) 0.0259 0.0011 0.0013 0.0005 0.0206 0.031
50 (sorption) 0.021 0.001 0.0012 0.0011 0.0168 0.025 50 (desorption) 0.021 0.0006 0.002 0.0001 0.0147 0.0287
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0 20 40 60 80 100RH, %
MO
ISTU
RE
CO
NTE
NT,
kg
kg-1
ConcreteClayClayClayConcreteCal Sil
Figure 5.2. Sorption/desorption/suction isotherms for the six bricks; the suction data from the pressure plate measurements are converted to relative humidity according to equation (4) on page 5.
Summary Report from Task 3 of MEWS 34 Hygrothermal Properties of Several Building Materials
Moisture Diffusivity: The moisture diffusivities of the six bricks are given in Table 5.6 and plotted in Figure 5.3.
These values are those calculated using the water absorption coefficient and saturation moisture
content for each product11.
Table 5.6. Moisture diffusivities (m2 s-1) of the six bricks.
Moisture Content kg m-3
Concrete Clay Clay Clay Concrete Cal Sil
50 3.57E-12 1.05E-12 2.22E-16 1.93E-13 3.54E-12 1.50E-13 60 1.16E-11 2.03E-12 3.34E-16 2.97E-13 1.07E-11 2.54E-13 70 3.80E-11 3.94E-12 5.02E-16 4.57E-13 3.26E-11 4.30E-13 80 1.24E-10 7.65E-12 7.56E-16 7.02E-13 9.89E-11 7.28E-13 90 4.05E-10 1.48E-11 1.14E-15 1.08E-12 3.00E-10 1.23E-12
100 1.32E-09 2.88E-11 1.71E-15 1.66E-12 9.10E-10 2.09E-12 110 4.31E-09 5.59E-11 2.58E-15 2.55E-12 2.76E-09 3.53E-12 120 1.41E-08 1.08E-10 3.88E-15 3.92E-12 8.37E-09 5.97E-12 140 4.08E-10 8.80E-15 9.25E-12 1.71E-11 160 1.53E-09 1.99E-14 2.19E-11 4.90E-11 180 5.78E-09 4.52E-14 5.17E-11 1.40E-10 200 2.17E-08 1.02E-13 1.22E-10 4.02E-10 230 3.49E-13 4.43E-10 1.95E-09 260 1.19E-12 1.61E-09 9.46E-09 290 4.06E-12 5.84E-09 320 1.38E-11 2.12E-08 350 4.72E-11
11 M. K. Kumaran. Moisture Diffusivity of Building Materials from Water Absorption Measurements. Journal of Thermal Envelope and Building Science, 22, p 349, 1999.
Summary Report from Task 3 of MEWS 35 Hygrothermal Properties of Several Building Materials
1.0E-16
1.0E-15
1.0E-14
1.0E-13
1.0E-12
1.0E-11
1.0E-10
1.0E-09
1.0E-08
1.0E-07
1.0E-0650 100 150 200 250 300 350
MOISTURE CONTENT, kg m-3D
IFFU
SIVI
TY, m
2 s-1 Concrete
ClayClayClayConcreteCal Sil
Figure 5.3. Moisture diffusivities of the six bricks.
Summary Report from Task 3 of MEWS 36 Hygrothermal Properties of Several Building Materials
6 Hygrothermal Properties of Mortar Mixes Used in North America
Background:
Two types of mortar, Type N and Type S, are commonly used across North America for
masonry veneer on wood frame construction. Each of these two mortar types has two "mix
formulations": one includes Portland cement and lime and the other Masonry cement. So four
mortar mixes are included in the testing programme for MEWS. These are listed in Table 6.1.
Table 6.1: Mortar mixes used for the determination of hygrothermal properties.
Mix Formulation Mortar Type Parts by Volume
Portland Cement Hydrated Lime Aggregate
Portland Cement-
Lime Mortar
S (Coded 1-S) 1 ½ 3½ to 4½
N (Coded 1-N) 1 1 4½ to 6
Masonry Cement
Type S
Masonry
Cement Type N
Aggregate
Masonry Cement
Mortar
S (Coded 2-S) 1 0 2¼ to 3
N (Coded 2-N) 0 1 2¼ to 3
General Physical Properties:
The bulk densities, ρ, of the mortar mixes were in the range 1500 to 1800 kg m-3. The heat
capacity of mortar, according to the IEA Annex 24 report is approximately 900 J K-1 kg-1.
Thermal conductivity of dry materials:
Thermal conductivities, measured on two specimens of each mix at two mean
temperatures are listed in Table 6.2.
Summary Report from Task 3 of MEWS 37 Hygrothermal Properties of Several Building Materials
Table 6.2. Thermal conductivities of four mortar mixes at two mean temperatures
Mortar
Type
Thickness Density T(mean) Thermal Conductivity
mm kg m-3 °C W m-1 K-1
1-S 19.6 1801 -0.35 0.503
‘’ 19.6 1801 23.0 0.527
‘’ 18.7 1729 -1.19 0.501
‘’ 18.7 1729 22.0 0.519
1-N 18.8 1778 -1.02 0.381
‘’ 18.8 1778 22.3 0.395
‘’ 19.1 1775 -1.32 0.465
‘’ 19.1 1775 20.5 0.482
2-S 19.1 1516 0.03 0.435
‘’ 19.1 1516 21.4 0.450
‘’ 18.6 1535 -0.77 0.429
‘’ 18.6 1535 21.7 0.446
2-N 18.7 1578 -1.01 0.448
‘’ 18.7 1578 22.1 0.460
‘’ 19.0 1609 -0.73 0.453
‘’ 19.0 1609 22.4 0.476
Water Vapour Permeability: The water vapour permeabilities (kg m-1 s-1 Pa-1) of the four mortar mixes are listed in Table 6.3 and plotted in Figure 6.1.
Table 6.3. Water Vapour Permeability of Mortar Mixes
RH, % 1-S 1-N 2-S 2-N
10 6.52E-12 7.72E-12 1.41E-11 1.34E-11 20 7.29E-12 8.64E-12 1.57E-11 1.48E-11 30 8.16E-12 9.68E-12 1.76E-11 1.64E-11 40 9.15E-12 1.09E-11 1.97E-11 1.82E-11 50 1.03E-11 1.22E-11 2.21E-11 2.02E-11 60 1.15E-11 1.37E-11 2.48E-11 2.24E-11 70 1.3E-11 1.55E-11 2.8E-11 2.5E-11 80 1.46E-11 1.74E-11 3.17E-11 2.79E-11 90 1.64E-11 1.97E-11 3.6E-11 3.12E-11
100 1.86E-11 2.23E-11 4.1E-11 3.5E-11
Summary Report from Task 3 of MEWS 38 Hygrothermal Properties of Several Building Materials
0
5E-12
1E-11
1.5E-11
2E-11
2.5E-11
3E-11
3.5E-11
4E-11
4.5E-11
0 20 40 60 80 100
RH, %
PER
MEA
BIL
ITY,
kg
m-1
s-1
Pa
-1
1-S1-N2-S2-N
Figure 6.1. Water vapour permeabilities of four mortar mixes.
Water Absorption Coefficient:
The water absorption coefficients of the four mortar mixes are given in Table 6.4.
Table 6.4: Water absorption coefficients for the four mixes.
Absorption Coefficient
kg m-2 s-½ 1-S 1-N 2-S 2-N 0.063 0.086 0.011 0.016
Summary Report from Task 3 of MEWS 39 Hygrothermal Properties of Several Building Materials
Air Permeability:
Table 6.5. Measured air permeance for the mortar mixes.
Mortar Type Specimen Thickness
mm
Air Permeance
l m-2 s-1(75 Pa) -1
1-S 13.5 1.8 X 10-3
1-N 13.3 7.5 X 10-4
2-S 12.9 3.4 X 10-3
2-N 13.2 7.4 X 10-3
Sorption/ Desorption/ Suction Isotherms:
The results from sorption/desorption/suction measurements are shown in Table 6.6. The
equilibrium moisture content at each relative humidity is given as mass of moisture per unit mass
of the dry material. The results are plotted in Figure 6.2. For each mix there is a characteristic
"loop" showing the hysteresis due to sorption and desorption. The upper part of the loop is
desorption and the lower sorption.
Table 6.6. Sorption/desoption/suction isotherms for the four mixes.
Moisture content, kg kg-1
RH, % Suction Pa
1-S 1-N 2-S 2-N
0 0.153 0.158 0.251 0.264 0 0.155 0.16 0.24 0.262 1 x 105 0.152 0.158 0.241 0.254 3 x 105 0.149 0.157 0.217 0.205
90 (desorption) 0.071 0.077 0.069 0.061 70 (desorption) 0.06 0.061 0.054 0.044 50 (desorption) 0.045 0.047 0.039 0.034
50 (sorption) 0.026 0.019 0.005 0.004 70 (sorption) 0.051 0.04 0.026 0.023 90 (sorption) 0.066 0.063 0.065 0.053
Summary Report from Task 3 of MEWS 40 Hygrothermal Properties of Several Building Materials
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0 20 40 60 80 100
RELATIVE HUMIDITY, %
MO
ISTU
RE
CO
NTE
NT
kg k
g-11-S 1-N2-S2-N1-S 1-N2-S2-N
Figure 6.2. Sorption/desorption/suction isotherms for the four mortar mixes; the suction data from the pressure plate measurements are converted to relative humidity according to equation (4) on page 5.
Moisture Diffusivity: The moisture diffusivities of the four mixes are given in Table 6.7 and plotted in Figure 6.3.
These values are those calculated using the water absorption coefficient and saturation moisture
content for each mix.
Table 6.7. Moisture diffusivities (m2 s-1) of the four mortar mixes.
Moisture Content kg m-3
1-S 1-N 2-S 2-N
170 1.09E-09 1.37E-09 1.24E-12 1.16E-12 180 1.85E-09 2.28E-09 1.80E-12 1.63E-12 190 3.15E-09 3.81E-09 2.62E-12 2.30E-12 200 5.35E-09 6.35E-09 3.82E-12 3.23E-12 210 9.09E-09 1.06E-08 5.57E-12 4.54E-12 220 1.54E-08 1.76E-08 8.12E-12 6.39E-12 230 2.62E-08 2.94E-08 1.18E-11 8.98E-12 240 4.46E-08 4.90E-08 1.73E-11 1.26E-11 250 7.58E-08 8.18E-08 2.51E-11 1.78E-11 260 1.29E-07 1.36E-07 3.66E-11 2.50E-11 280 7.78E-11 4.94E-11 300 1.65E-10 9.76E-11 320 3.51E-10 1.93E-10 340 7.46E-10 3.82E-10 360 1.58E-09 7.54E-10 380 3.37E-09 1.49E-09 400 2.95E-09
Summary Report from Task 3 of MEWS 41 Hygrothermal Properties of Several Building Materials
1.0E-11
1.0E-10
1.0E-09
1.0E-08
1.0E-07150 200 250 300 350 400 450
MOISTURE CONTENT, kg m-3
DIF
FUSI
VITY
, m2 s
-1
1-S1-N2-S2-N
Figure 6.3. Moisture diffusivities of the four mortar mixes.
Summary Report from Task 3 of MEWS 42 Hygrothermal Properties of Several Building Materials
7 Hygrothermal Properties of Three Types of Stuccos Used in North America
Background:
Three types of stucco are investigated as recommended by Task Group 2. They are:
Regular Lime Stucco (Coded in this report as 471-1)
Regular Portland Stucco and (Coded in this report as 471-26)
Acrylic Stucco (Coded in this report as 471-51)
General Physical Properties:
The bulk densities, ρ, of the stucco samples ranged between 1760 and 1960 kg m-3. The
heat capacity of stucco, according to the IEA Annex 24 report is approximately 840 J K-1 kg-1.
Thermal conductivity of dry materials:
Thermal conductivities, measured on two specimens of each type of stucco at two mean temperatures are listed in Table 7.1.
Table 7.1. Thermal conductivities of stucco at two mean temperatures
Code Thickness Density T(mean) Thermal Conductivity
mm kg m-3 °C W m-1 K-1
471-1 14.3 1776 0.37 0.348 ‘’ 14.3 1776 22.4 0.366 ‘’ 12.7 1762 0.30 0.320 ‘’ 12.7 1762 20.3 0.338
471-26 14.7 1956 0.24 0.389 ‘’ 14.7 1956 22.5 0.406 ‘’ 12.9 1955 0.20 0.390 ‘’ 12.9 1955 22.3 0.409
471-51 11.9 1800 0.44 0.345 ‘’ 11.9 1800 22.2 0.363 ‘’ 13.8 1790 0.13 0.376 ‘’ 13.8 1790 22.6 0.400
Summary Report from Task 3 of MEWS 43 Hygrothermal Properties of Several Building Materials
Water Vapour Permeability: The water vapour permeabilities (kg m-1 s-1 Pa-1) of the three stuccos are listed in Table 7.2 and plotted in Figure 7.1.
Table 7.2. Water Vapour Permeabilities of Three Stuccos
RH, % 471-1 471-26 471-51 10 6.7E-13 5.85E-13 2.4E-12 20 1.34E-12 8.85E-13 2.55E-12 30 2.01E-12 1.19E-12 2.72E-12 40 2.68E-12 1.49E-12 2.9E-12 50 3.35E-12 1.8E-12 3.09E-12 60 4.02E-12 2.1E-12 3.29E-12 70 4.69E-12 2.41E-12 3.5E-12 80 5.36E-12 2.72E-12 3.73E-12 90 6.03E-12 3.03E-12 3.97E-12
100 6.7E-12 3.34E-12 4.23E-12
0
2E-12
4E-12
6E-12
8E-12
1E-11
1.2E-11
1.4E-11
0 20 40 60 80 100
RH, %
PER
MEA
BIL
ITY,
kg
m-1
s-1
Pa
-1
471-1471-26471-51Van LowVan High
Figure 7.1. Water vapour permeabilities of three stuccos are compared with those from the field; the Van-low and Van High give the range shown by samples from Vancouver buildings.
Summary Report from Task 3 of MEWS 44 Hygrothermal Properties of Several Building Materials
Water Absorption Coefficient:
The water absorption coefficients of the three stuccos are given in Table 7.3.
Table 7.3. Water absorption coefficients for the three stucco.
Absorption Coefficient
kg m-2 s-½ 471-1 471-26 471-51 0.0050 0.0123 0.0074
Air Permeability: The measured air permeances for the stuccos are given in Table 7.4.
Table 7.4. Air Permeance for the three stuccos
Stucco Code Specimen Thickness
mm
Air Permeance
l m-2 s-1(75 Pa) -1
471-1 13.0 2.4 X 10-5
471-26 13.6 3.6 X 10-5
471-51 10.4 1.8 X 10-4
Sorption/ Desorption/ Suction Isotherms:
The results from sorption/desorption/suction measurements are shown in Table 7.5. The
equilibrium moisture content at each relative humidity is given as mass of moisture per unit mass
of the dry material. The results are plotted in Figure 7.2. The upper part of the loop is desorption
and the lower sorption.
Summary Report from Task 3 of MEWS 45 Hygrothermal Properties of Several Building Materials
Table 7.5. Sorption/desorption/suction isotherms for the three stuccos.
Moisture content, kg kg-1
RH, % Suction, Pa 471-1 471-26 471-51 0 0.16 0.12 0.157 0 0.149 0.11 0.149 1 x 105 0.1571 0.117 0.157
90 (desorption) 0.084 0.07 0.069 70 (desorption) 0.062 0.052 0.051 50 (desorption) 0.05 0.042 0.043
50 (sorption) 0.04 0.03 0.016 70 (sorption) 0.052 0.037 0.041
0.074 0.058 0.054
Figure 7.2. Sorption/desorption/suction isotherms for the three stuccos; the suction data from the pressure plate measurements are converted to relative humidity according to equation (4) on page 5.
90 (sorption)
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
0 20 40 60 80 100
RELATIVE HUMIDITY, %
MO
ISTU
RE
CO
NTE
NT,
kg
kg-1
471-1471-26471-51471-1471-26471-51
Summary Report from Task 3 of MEWS 46 Hygrothermal Properties of Several Building Materials
Moisture Diffusivity:
The moisture diffusivities of the three products are given in Table 7.6 and plotted in Figure
7.3. These values are those calculated using the water absorption coefficient and saturation
moisture content for each mix.
Table 7.6. Moisture diffusivities (m2 s-1) of the three stuccos.
Moisture Content kg m-3
471-1 471-26 471-51
9.55E-15 1.41E-13 2.13E-14 60 1.58E-14 2.6E-13 3.53E-14 70 2.63E-14 4.8E-13 5.87E-14 80 4.36E-14 8.85E-13 9.75E-14 90 7.22E-14 1.63E-12 1.62E-13
100 1.2E-13 3.01E-12 2.69E-13 120 3.29E-13 1.02E-11 7.43E-13 140 9.06E-13 3.48E-11 2.05E-12 160 2.49E-12 1.18E-10 5.66E-12 180 6.85E-12 4.01E-10 1.56E-11 200 1.88E-11 1.36E-09 4.31E-11 220 5.18E-11 4.64E-09 1.19E-10 240 1.42E-10 1.58E-08 3.28E-10 260 3.92E-10 9.06E-10 280 1.08E-09 2.5E-09 320 1.38E-11 350 4.72E-11
50
Summary Report from Task 3 of MEWS 47 Hygrothermal Properties of Several Building Materials
1.0E-15
1.0E-14
1.0E-13
1.0E-12
1.0E-11
1.0E-10
1.0E-09
1.0E-08
1.0E-070 50 100 150 200 250 300
MOISTURE CONTENT, kg m-3
DIF
FUSI
VITY
, m2 s
-1
471-1471-26471-51
Figure 7.3. Moisture diffusivities of the three stuccos.
Summary Report from Task 3 of MEWS 48 Hygrothermal Properties of Several Building Materials
8 Hygrothermal Properties of Eight Fiberboard Sheathing Products
General description of the products:
Two of the products investigated were plain fiberboard (no coating or facer) and four
were coated with a thin layer of black material on both major surfaces. One product had a paper
facer on one major surface while another one had an aluminum foil facer. The nominal thickness
of the products varied between 11 mm and 13 mm. The densities varied between 235 kg m-3 and
330 kg m-3.
Thermal Conductivity:
The results from the thermal conductivity measurements on the eight products are listed
in Table 8.1. Measurements were done in duplicate and at two mean specimen temperature.
Table 8.1. Thermal conductivities of eight fiberboard products.
Type
Thickness Density T(mean) Thermal Conductivity
mm kg m-3
°C
W m-1 K-1
Paper Facer 12.54 284.2 24.1 0.0497 ‘’ -0.1 0.0466 ‘’ 12.53 284.6 24.1 0.0497 ‘’ -0.2 0.0467
Plain 11.68 264.1 24.1 0.0508 ‘’ 0.1 0.0476 ‘’ 11.7 264.8 24.1 0.0509 ‘’ 0 0.0479
Foil Facer 12.27 256.9 23.1 0.0465 ‘’ -0.5 0.0438 ‘’ 12.25 257.3 23 0.047 ‘’ -0.6 0.0443
Plain 12.75 237.1 23.1 0.0459 ‘’ -0.5 0.0436 ‘’ 12.77 238.4 23.1 0.0461 ‘’ -0.5 0.0437
Black Coat 10.52 267.8 24 0.0472 ‘’ -0.3 0.0448
Black Coat 10.58 268.7 24 0.0472
Summary Report from Task 3 of MEWS 49 Hygrothermal Properties of Several Building Materials
‘’ -0.5 0.0449 Black Coat 11.92 283.8 24.1 0.0495
‘’ -0.3 0.0467 ‘’ 11.88 277.9 24.1 0.0489 ‘’ -0.3 0.04616
Black Coat 11.97 325.8 24.1 0.0534 ‘’ 0 0.0507 ‘’ 11.96 328.1 24 0.0534 ‘’ 0 0.0508
Black Coat 12.44 320.5 24 0.0532 ‘’ 0.1 0.0498 ‘’ 12.4 329.5 24.1 0.0539 ‘’ 0 0.0506
0.04
0.042
0.044
0.046
0.048
0.05
0.052
0.054
0.056
200 250 300 350
Density, kg m-3
Ther
mal
Con
duct
ivity
, W m
-1 K
-1
Figure 8.1. Dependence of thermal conductivity (at approximately 24 °C) of fiberboard specimens on density.
The above dependence of thermal conductivity (λ, W m-1 K-1) on density (ρ, kg m-3), at
24 °C can be approximated by:
λ = 0.0260 + 8.4 X 10-5 ρ
Summary Report from Task 3 of MEWS 50 Hygrothermal Properties of Several Building Materials
From Figure 8.2, the temperature dependence of thermal conductivity, (dλ/dT) is
approximately 1.2 X 10-4 W m-1 K-2.
0.04
0.042
0.044
0.046
0.048
0.05
0.052
0.054
0.056
-10 0 10 20 30
Mean Temperature, °C
Ther
mal
Con
duct
ivity
, W m
-1 K
-1
Series1
Figure 8.2. Dependence of thermal conductivity of fiberboard specimens on temperature.
Summary Report from Task 3 of MEWS 51 Hygrothermal Properties of Several Building Materials
Water Vapour Permeabilities:
The results from the water vapour transmission rate measurements on seven of the eight
products were analyzed to derive the values for their water vapour permeabilities. These derived
values are listed in Table 8.2 and plotted in Figure 8.3. The water vapour permeances of all
products are listed in Table 8.3 and compared in Figure 8.4. The product with the aluminum foil
facer showed high resistance to water vapour transmission across it. The measured vapour
transmission rates are 1/1000 of corresponding rates measured on natural fiberboard.
0.0E+00
5.0E-12
1.0E-11
1.5E-11
2.0E-11
2.5E-11
3.0E-11
3.5E-11
4.0E-11
4.5E-11
0 20 40 60 80 100
RH, %
PER
MEA
BIL
ITY,
kg
m-1
s-1
Pa-1
Paper FacerPlainPlainBlack CoatBlack CoatBlack CoatBlack Coat
Figure 8.3. Dependence on relative humidity of water vapour permeabilities of the fiberboard products.
Summary Report from Task 3 of MEWS 52 Hygrothermal Properties of Several Building Materials
0.0E+00
5.0E-10
1.0E-09
1.5E-09
2.0E-09
2.5E-09
3.0E-09
3.5E-09
4.0E-09
0 20 40 60 80 100
RELATIVE HUMIDITY, %
PER
MEA
NC
E, k
g m
-2 s
-1 P
a-1
Paper FacerPlainPlainBlack CoatBlack CoatBlack CoatBlack Coat
Figure 8.4. Water vapour permeances of seven fiberboard products.
Sum
mar
y R
epor
t fro
m T
ask
3 of
MEW
S
53
Hyg
roth
erm
al P
rope
rties
of S
ever
al B
uild
ing
Mat
eria
ls
Tabl
e 8.
2. W
ater
Vap
our P
erm
eabi
litie
s (k
g m
-1 s
-1 P
a-1) o
f Fib
erbo
ard
Prod
ucts
RH
, %
Pape
r Fac
er
Plai
n Pl
ain
Blac
k C
oat
Blac
k C
oat
Blac
k C
oat
Blac
k C
oat
01.
15E-
123.
05E-
113.
64E-
112.
30E-
112.
64E-
111.
65E-
111.
88E-
11
101.
29E-
123.
14E-
113.
70E-
112.
33E-
112.
64E-
111.
70E-
111.
92E-
11
201.
45E-
123.
23E-
113.
75E-
112.
36E-
112.
64E-
111.
75E-
111.
96E-
11
301.
63E-
123.
32E-
113.
81E-
112.
40E-
112.
64E-
111.
80E-
112.
00E-
11
401.
84E-
123.
42E-
113.
87E-
112.
43E-
112.
64E-
111.
85E-
112.
04E-
11
502.
07E-
123.
52E-
113.
93E-
112.
46E-
112.
64E-
111.
90E-
112.
08E-
11
602.
33E-
123.
63E-
113.
99E-
112.
50E-
112.
64E-
111.
96E-
112.
12E-
11
702.
63E-
123.
74E-
114.
05E-
112.
53E-
112.
64E-
112.
02E-
112.
16E-
11
802.
96E-
123.
85E-
114.
11E-
112.
57E-
112.
64E-
112.
08E-
112.
21E-
11
903.
34E-
123.
97E-
114.
17E-
112.
61E-
112.
64E-
112.
14E-
112.
25E-
11
100
3.77
E-12
4.09
E-11
4.24
E-11
2.64
E-11
2.64
E-11
2.20
E-11
2.30
E-11
Sum
mar
y R
epor
t fro
m T
ask
3 of
MEW
S
54
Hyg
roth
erm
al P
rope
rties
of S
ever
al B
uild
ing
Mat
eria
ls
Tabl
e 8.
3. W
ater
Vap
our P
erm
eanc
es (k
g m
-2 s
-1 P
a-1) o
f Fib
erbo
ard
Prod
ucts
RH
, %
Pape
r Fac
er
Plai
n Pl
ain
Blac
k C
oat
Blac
k C
oat
Blac
k C
oat
Blac
k C
oat
09.
10E-
112.
58E-
092.
78E-
092.
11E-
092.
18E-
091.
37E-
091.
51E-
09
101.
02E-
102.
66E-
092.
82E-
092.
14E-
092.
18E-
091.
41E-
091.
54E-
09
201.
15E-
102.
74E-
092.
87E-
092.
17E-
092.
18E-
091.
45E-
091.
57E-
09
301.
30E-
102.
82E-
092.
91E-
092.
20E-
092.
18E-
091.
49E-
091.
60E-
09
401.
46E-
102.
90E-
092.
95E-
092.
23E-
092.
18E-
091.
53E-
091.
63E-
09
501.
64E-
102.
99E-
093.
00E-
092.
26E-
092.
18E-
091.
57E-
091.
66E-
09
601.
85E-
103.
07E-
093.
04E-
092.
29E-
092.
18E-
091.
62E-
091.
70E-
09
702.
09E-
103.
17E-
093.
09E-
092.
32E-
092.
18E-
091.
67E-
091.
73E-
09
802.
35E-
103.
26E-
093.
14E-
092.
36E-
092.
18E-
091.
72E-
091.
77E-
09
902.
65E-
103.
37E-
093.
19E-
092.
39E-
092.
18E-
091.
77E-
091.
80E-
09
100
2.99
E-10
3.47
E-09
3.24
E-09
2.43
E-09
2.18
E-09
1.82
E-09
1.84
E-09
Summary Report from Task 3 of MEWS 55 Hygrothermal Properties of Several Building Materials
Water Absorption Coefficients:
The results from the water absorption rate measurements across the major surfaces on
the eight products were analyzed to derive values for water absorption coefficients. These
derived values are listed in Table 8.4.
Table 8.4. Water Absorption Coefficients (kg m-2 s-½) of Fiberboard Products
Aluminum Foil Faced 0.00042Black Coat 0.00096Black Coat 0.0012Black Coat 0.0012Black Coat 0.0015Paper Faced 0.0019Plain 0.0021Plain 0.0054
Air Permeance/ Permeability:
The results from the airflow rate measurements on the eight products are listed in Table
8.5
Table 8.5. Airflow characteristics of eight fiberboard products; measurements are done in triplicate and the reported values are the averages.
Description Density Thickness Air Permeability Air Permeance
No. (kg/m3) (mm) (l·(75 Pa)-1·m-1·s-1) (l·(75 Pa)-1·m-2·s-1)
1 Paper facer 288.4 12.69 (1.6 ± 0.7) • 10-4 (1.2 ± 0.6) • 10-2
2 Plain 264.6 11.51 (2.20 ± 0.02) • 10-2 (1.91 ± 0.01)
3 Aluminum facer 254.6 12.51 impermeable impermeable
4 Plain 243.4 13.05 (2.06 ± 0.05) • 10-2 (1.58 ± 0.04)
5 Black Coat 270.3 10.73 (1.46 ± 0.06) • 10-2 (1.36 ± 0.05)
6 Black Coat 282.9 12.50 (1.26 ± 0.05) • 10-2 (1.04 ± 0.4)
7 Black Coat 326.4 12.00 (1.46 ± 0.02) • 10-2 (1.22 ± 0.02
8 Black Coat 328.7 12.65 (1.41 ± 0.03) • 10-2 (1.11 ± 0.01)
Summary Report from Task 3 of MEWS 56 Hygrothermal Properties of Several Building Materials
Sorption/ Desorption/Suction Isotherms
The equilibrium moisture contents of seven fibreboard products (kg/ kg dry material) at various
relative humidity levels are listed in Table 8.6. The product with aluminum foil was not included in
the measurements due to anticipated long duration for equilibration.
Table 8.6. Equilibrium moisture contents of seven fibreboard products
RH, % Suction
Pa
Plain Paper
Facer
Plain Black
Coat
Black
Coat
Black
Coat
Black
Coat
0 3.841 4.263 4.398 4.697 3.639 2.929 3.092
0 3.885 4.322 4.495 4.083 3.736 3.051 3.113
3 x 105 0.303 0.388 0.409 0.440 0.432 0.564 0.468
91 (s) 0.160 0.193 0.193 0.174 0.183 0.137 0.146
69 (s) 0.061 0.103 0.109 0.101 0.104 0.072 0.079
50 (s) 0.029 0.075 0.082 0.075 0.077 0.046 0.051
50 (ds) 0.049 0.055 0.057 0.052 0.052 0.041 0.044
69.5 (ds) 0.090 0.091 0.096 0.086 0.087 0.071 0.076
91 (ds) 0.187 0.178 0.183 0.164 0.163 0.146 0.147
(s) sorption and (ds) desorption)
Moisture Diffusivity:
Moisture diffusivities derived from moisture uptake (along the edges) experiments on six
of the eight products are listed below in Table 8.7. Measurements on the other two did not yield
analyzable results.
Table 8.7. Moisture Diffusivity of Six Fibreboard Products
Plain Paper Facer Plain Black Coat Black Coat Black Coat
Moisture Content Diffusivity Diffusivity Diffusivity Diffusivity Diffusivity Diffusivity
kg m-3 m2 s-1 m2 s-1 m2 s-1 m2 s-1 m2 s-1 m2 s-1
30 1.71E-09 2.33E-09 1.14E-08 9.76E-09 3.03E-08 4.56E-08 40 4.92E-10 1.69E-09 4.44E-09 5.71E-09 1.86E-08 9.94E-09 50 3.20E-10 1.44E-09 2.54E-09 2.29E-09 1.18E-08 5.38E-09 60 2.53E-10 1.41E-09 1.77E-09 1.26E-09 7.88E-09 3.55E-09 70 2.17E-10 1.61E-09 1.36E-09 7.55E-10 5.48E-09 2.57E-09 80 1.95E-10 2.46E-09 1.11E-09 4.90E-10 3.96E-09 1.96E-09 90 1.81E-10 6.70E-09 9.45E-10 3.40E-10 2.95E-09 1.54E-09 100 1.70E-10 2.32E-09 8.22E-10 2.25E-09 1.24E-09 110 1.63E-10 1.33E-09 7.28E-10 1.76E-09
Summary Report from Task 3 of MEWS 57 Hygrothermal Properties of Several Building Materials
120 1.57E-10 8.91E-10 6.55E-10 1.40E-09 130 1.53E-10 6.42E-10 5.96E-10 1.13E-09 140 1.50E-10 4.78E-10 5.46E-10 9.31E-10 150 1.48E-10 3.58E-10 5.05E-10 7.63E-10 160 1.46E-10 4.70E-10 6.26E-10
1.45E-10 4.40E-10 180 190 1.44E-10 3.90E-10 200
1.44E-10 1.45E-10
230
1.54E-10
350 1.75E-10 2.08E-10
2.86E-10
530 3.10E-10
3.86E-10
170 1.44E-10 4.13E-10
1.44E-10 3.69E-10
210 3.51E-10 220 3.34E-10
1.46E-10 3.19E-10 240 1.47E-10 3.05E-10 250 1.49E-10 2.93E-10 260 1.50E-10 2.81E-10 270 1.52E-10 2.70E-10 280 2.60E-10 290 1.56E-10 2.51E-10 300 1.59E-10 2.43E-10 310 1.62E-10 2.35E-10 320 1.65E-10 2.27E-10 330 1.68E-10 2.21E-10 340 1.71E-10 2.14E-10
360 1.79E-10 2.02E-10 370 1.83E-10 1.96E-10 380 1.88E-10 1.91E-10 390 1.92E-10 1.86E-10 400 1.98E-10 1.82E-10 410 2.03E-10 420 2.09E-10 430 2.16E-10 440 2.22E-10 450 2.30E-10 460 2.38E-10 470 2.46E-10 480 2.55E-10 490 2.65E-10 500 2.75E-10 510 520 2.98E-10
540 3.24E-10 550 3.38E-10 560 3.53E-10 570 3.69E-10 580
Summary Report from Task 3 of MEWS 58 Hygrothermal Properties of Several Building Materials
The substrates of three of the products investigated were compressed fiberboard, of the
fourth one OSB and of the fifth one plywood. All had vinyl coatings on one major surface. The
thickness of the products varied between 10.5 mm and 15.1 mm. The densities varied between
580 kg m
9 Hygrothermal Properties of Five Siding Products General description of the products:
-3 and 930 kg m-3.
Thermal Conductivity:
The results from the thermal conductivity measurements on the five products are listed in
Table 9.1. Measurements were done in duplicate and at two mean specimen temperature.
Table 9.1. Thermal conductivities of five siding products.
Siding Substrate Thickness Density T(mean) Thermal Conductivity
No
mm
0.2 24
0.3
23.5
kg m-3
°C W m-1 K-1
1 OSB 12.84 705.3 24.5 0.133 ‘’ -0.1 0.0935 ‘’ 12.9 687.9 24 0.104 ‘’ 0.4 0.0989 2 Plywood 14.91 607.8 23.8 0.104 ‘’ 0.0997 ‘’ 14.75 585.9 0.105 ‘’ 0.1 0.0933 3 Fibreboard 12.17 778.8 24.1 0.0968 ‘’ 0.0928 ‘’ 12.18 780.3 24 0.103 ‘’ 0.2 0.0986 4 Fibreboard 12.09 889.2 23.8 0.119 ‘’ 0.1 0.11 ‘’ 11.98 911.1 23.8 0.121 ‘’ 0.1 0.113 5 Fibreboard 10.43 738.7 0.0937 ‘’ -0.7 0.0896 ‘’ 10.65 716.8 23.5 0.0944 ‘’ -0.8 0.0899
Summary Report from Task 3 of MEWS 59 Hygrothermal Properties of Several Building Materials
0.08
0.09
0.1
0.11
0.12
0.13
0.14
550 650 750 850 950
Density, kg m-3
Ther
mal
Con
duct
ivity
, W m
-1 K
-1
Figure 9.1. Dependence of thermal conductivity (at approximately 24 °C) of siding specimens on density.
Figure 9.1 shows that no general correlation between thermal conductivity and density
can be made. At 24 °C, the thermal conductivity is approximately equal to 0.1 W m-1 K-1 for all
products.
From Figure 9.2, the temperature dependence of thermal conductivity, (dλ/dT) is
approximately 4.0 X 10-4 W m-1 K-2.
Summary Report from Task 3 of MEWS 60 Hygrothermal Properties of Several Building Materials
0.08
0.09
0.1
0.11
0.12
0.13
0.14
-5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Mean Temperature, °C
Ther
mal
Con
duct
ivity
, W m
-1 K
-1
Figure 9.2. Dependence of thermal conductivity of siding specimens on temperature.
Water Absorption Coefficients:
The results from the water absorption measurements (the coated surface in contact with
water) on the five products are listed in Table 9.2.
Table 9.2. Water Absorption Coefficients (kg m-2 s-½) of Siding Products
Siding No. 1 0.000382 0.000473 0.00058
0.000600.00062
4 5
Summary Report from Task 3 of MEWS 61 Hygrothermal Properties of Several Building Materials
Air Permeance/ Permeability:
The results from the airflow rate measurements on the five products are listed in Table
.3. 9
Density Air Permeability Air Permeance
Table 9.3. Airflow characteristics of five Siding Products; measurements are done in triplicate and the reported values are the averages
Thickness
No. (kg/m3) (mm) (l·(75 Pa)-1·m-2·s(l·(75 Pa)-1·m-1·s-1) -1)
1 692.5 12.37 (1.3 ± 0.5) • 10-5 (1.1 ± 0.4) • 10-3
2 633.6 15.08 impermeable impermeable
3 819.0 12.05 (1.4 ± 0.8) • 10-5 (1.1 ± 0.7) • 10-3
4 928.5 12.17 (1.8 ± 0.5) • 10-6 (1.5 ± 0.4) • 10-4
5 805.1 10.60 (2.8 ± 0.8) • 10-4 (2.7 ± 0.7) • 10-2
Summary Report from Task 3 of MEWS 62 Hygrothermal Properties of Several Building Materials
Sorption/ Desorption/Suction isotherms
The equilibrium moisture contents of the five products (kg/ kg dry material) at various relative
humidity levels are listed below in Table 9.4.
Table 9.4 Equilibrium moisture content of five siding products
RH, % Suction, Pa 1 2 3 4 5
0 1.151 1.004 0.828 0.643 0.898
0 0.994 0.867 1.091 0.679 0.924
3 x 105 0.654 0.629 0.381 0.365 0.376
91 (desorption) 0.178 0.173 0.160 0.154 0.134
69 (desorptrion) 0.098 0.098 0.091 0.092 0.076
50 (desorption) 0.059 0.058 0.056 0.058 0.043
50 (sorption) 0.048 0.051 0.048 0.051 0.046
70 (sorption) 0.079 0.081 0.071 0.072 0.069
91 (sorption) 0.157 0.163 0.131 0.120 0.131
Water Vapour Permeance:
Water vapour permeances (kg m-2 s-1 Pa-1) of the five products are listed in Table 9.5 and plotted
in Figure 9.3.
Table 9.5. Water Vapour Permeances of five siding products
RH, % 1 2 3 4 5
10 8.67E-12 4.22E-12 1.79E-10 4.16E-11 3.68E-10 20 8.67E-12 4.22E-12 2.08E-10 4.16E-11 3.84E-10 30 1.73E-11 1.24E-11 2.42E-10 7.62E-11 4.02E-10 40 2.82E-11 2.66E-11 2.81E-10 1.17E-10 4.2E-10
4.13E-11 4.81E-11 3.27E-10 1.64E-10 4.39E-10 60 5.65E-11 7.83E-11 3.8E-10 2.16E-10 4.58E-10 70 7.35E-11 1.18E-10 4.43E-10 2.74E-10 4.79E-10 80 9.25E-11 1.7E-10 5.17E-10 3.36E-10 5.01E-10
1.13E-10 2.33E-10 6.04E-10 4.03E-10 5.24E-10 100 1.36E-10 3.11E-10 7.07E-10 4.75E-10 5.48E-10
50
90
Summary Report from Task 3 of MEWS 63 Hygrothermal Properties of Several Building Materials
0.00E+00
1.00E-10
2.00E-10
3.00E-10
4.00E-10
5.00E-10
6.00E-10
7.00E-10
8.00E-10
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
RH, %
Perm
eanc
e, k
g m
-2 s
-1 P
a-1
12345
Figure 9.3. Water vapour permeances of the five siding products.
Summary Report from Task 3 of MEWS 64 Hygrothermal Properties of Several Building Materials
Moisture Diffusivity:
Moisture diffusivities derived from moisture uptake (along the edges) experiments on
three of the five products are listed below in Table 9.6. Measurements on the other two did not
yield analyzable results.
Table 9.6. Moisture diffusivity of three siding products
Siding 2 Siding 4 Siding 5 Moisture
Content
6.20E-11
4.47E-11 4.36E-11
1.60E-09 4.26E-11
150 1.30E-09 4.07E-11 160 1.19E-09 4.03E-11 170 1.09E-09
1.18E-09 3.86E-11
3.87E-11
8.62E-10
7.30E-10 6.78E-10 3.96E-11
370 380
4.14E-10
Diffusivity Diffusivity Diffusivity
kg m-3 m2 s-1 m2 s-1 m2 s-1
30 1.44E-08 2.85E-09 1.10E-10 40 8.23E-09 7.54E-10 7.48E-11 50 4.69E-09 4.32E-10 60 2.84E-09 3.02E-10 5.53E-11 70 1.97E-09 2.32E-10 5.11E-11 80 1.66E-09 1.88E-10 4.83E-11 90 1.59E-09 1.58E-10 4.63E-11 100 1.61E-09 1.36E-10 110 1.63E-09 1.19E-10 120 1.06E-10 130 1.52E-09 9.56E-11 4.18E-11 140 1.42E-09 4.12E-11
3.99E-11 180 1.03E-09 3.96E-11 190 1.01E-09 3.93E-11 200 1.01E-09 3.91E-11 210 1.04E-09 3.90E-11 220 1.08E-09 3.88E-11 230 1.12E-09 3.87E-11 240 1.16E-09 3.87E-11 250 260 1.18E-09 3.86E-11 270 1.17E-09 280 1.13E-09 3.87E-11 290 1.08E-09 3.88E-11 300 1.01E-09 3.89E-11 310 9.36E-10 3.90E-11 320 3.92E-11 330 7.92E-10 3.92E-11 340 3.94E-11 350 360 6.34E-10 3.98E-11
5.96E-10 4.01E-11 5.59E-10 4.04E-11
390 5.19E-10 4.08E-11 400 4.71E-10 4.12E-11 410 4.16E-11
Summary Report from Task 3 of MEWS 65 Hygrothermal Properties of Several Building Materials
420 3.47E-10
4.21E-11 430 2.75E-10 4.27E-11 440 2.08E-10 4.33E-11 450 1.57E-10 4.40E-11 460 1.36E-10 4.48E-11 470 1.52E-10 4.57E-11 480 2.04E-10 4.68E-11 490 2.63E-10 4.80E-11 500 2.61E-10 4.95E-11
Summary Report from Task 3 of MEWS 66 Hygrothermal Properties of Several Building Materials
10 Hygrothermal Properties of EIFS Base Coat + Finish Coat
Background: Five EIFS wall specimens were built for large-scale testing in Task 6 of MEWS. All specimens
used polymer cement as the base coat and “Latex Acrylic with Integral Colour and Texture” as
the finish coat. These two materials were not available as thick slabs for detailed measurements
of all properties. Furthermore, from an earlier project at IRC it was evident that the polymeric
materials showed very slow responses to the processes used in various hygrothermal property
measurements.
Large test samples of (finish coat + base coat + EPS) were removed from the wall specimen # 7,
after the completion of the large-scale tests. Several spot checks were done on the above
composite and from the well known properties of EPS, the hygrothermal properties for the finish
coat and base coat were derived as input to hygIRC. The spot checks included water absorption,
water vapour transmission and saturation measurements. Product information from several
manufacturers, as provided by IRC’s evaluation officers, were also used as guidelines to finalize
the input for hygIRC. The derived properties are listed below in Table 10.1.
Table 10.1. Derived Properties of EIFS base coat and finish coat
RH, %
Equilibrium Moisture
Content
kg kg-1 Air Permeability
Vapour Permeability
kg m-1 s-1 Pa-1
Moisture
Diffusivity
m2 s-1
3.50E-12 1.00E-16
20 0.013 3.50E-12 1.00E-16
30 0.015 3.50E-12 1.00E-16
40 0.017 3.50E-12 1.00E-16
50 0.019 3.50E-12 1.00E-16
3.50E-12 1.00E-16
1.00E-16
90 0.043 3.50E-12 1.00E-16
6.86E-12
3.50E-12 9.91E-12
97 0.066 3.50E-12 1.27E-11
98 0.072 1.47E-11 3.50E-12
99 0.081 3.50E-12 1.54E-11
100 0.090 3.50E-12 1.61E-11
10 0.011
60 0.022 Impermeable
70 0.026 3.50E-12
80 0.032 3.50E-12 1.00E-16
95 0.057 3.50E-12
96 0.060
Summary Report from Task 3 of MEWS 67 Hygrothermal Properties of Several Building Materials
11 Hygrothermal Properties of Exterior Grade Gypsum Board
Background: The product investigated had a yellow and a white fibrous facers on either side of the board. The
bulk density was approximately 700 kg m-3 and the total thickness approximately 13 mm. Each of
the two facers was approximately 0.7 mm thick. The properties of interior gypsum board being
well-known, only spot checks were made on the properties, to establish the fundamental
difference between the two types of gypsum boards. The results from various tests are listed
below.
Water vapour permeance:
Thermal conductivity:
The thermal conductivity measured at 0 °C and at 24 °C showed no temperature dependence.
The measured value is 0.15 W m-1 K-1. (Similar to interior gypsum board)
The average water vapour permeance measured at a mean RH of 80 % on three test specimens
was 4.43E-09 kg m-2 s-1 Pa-1. (Similar to interior gypsum board)
Water absorption Coefficients:
Across the facers ≈ 0.001 kg m-2 s-½
Along the edge ≈ 0.006 kg m-2 s-½
Liquid water movement is much slower in this product when compared with interior gypsum
board.
Air permeance:
The air permeance is (1.9 ± 0.4) x 10-2 l m-2 s-1 (75 Pa)-1. (Similar to interior gypsum board)
Summary Report from Task 3 of MEWS 68 Hygrothermal Properties of Several Building Materials
12 Water Vapour Permeability of a Spray Polyurethane Foam Insulation Product
2
Background:
A foam product was applied on a 4' x 4' plywood substrate at a nominal thickness of
2.25". The thickness was achieved in three passes of the spray. The sample was submitted for
testing in July 1998. The bulk density of the foam product is 39.7 kg m-3. The core as measured
on 11 May 1999 and at a sample thickness of 47.1 mm showed a thermal conductivity of 0.0227
W m-1 K-1.
Water vapour permeability:
From the data on water vapour transmission measurements the water vapour permeability was
derived and is shown below in Table 1 .1.
Table 12.1. Water vapour permeability of Spray Polyurethane foam
RH, % Permeability kg m-1 s-1 Pa-1
50 2.86E-12 3.00E-12
70 3.15E-12 3.31E-12
90 3.48E-12 3.65E-12
60
80
100