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Summary of the current status of the work of TUM-BO. Scientists: Andreas Gattinger, Michael Schloter, Alexandra Hagn (DNA), Ursula Bausenwein (Socioeconomics) - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Summary of the current status of the work of TUM-BO
Scientists: Andreas Gattinger, Michael Schloter, Alexandra Hagn (DNA), Ursula Bausenwein (Socioeconomics)
Technicians: Franz Buegger (EA-IRMS, GC-IRMS, GC/MS-c-IRMS, plant labelling),Conny Galonska (DNA) Christine Kollerbaur, Benjamin Mehnert (Lipids)
Voluntary worker (Environmental Protection): Matthias Weiss (2003-2004), Jens Prescher (2004-2005)
Technical University of Munich(at the campus of GSF-Research Center for Environment & Health)Chair of Soil Ecology, D- 85764 Neuherberg
1. Extraction and analysis of phospholipid biomarker in peat (bog)
samples (WP 04: D12-D14)
2. Extraction and analysis of DNA in peat (bog) samples (WP 04: D12-
D14)
3. Production of 13C/15N labelled plant litter for field experiment (WP 04:
D13; WP 05: D19)
4. Socioeconomical appraisal for German peatlands (WP 01: D3)
Summary of the current status of the work of TUM-BO
1. Extraction and analysis of phospholipid biomarker in peat (bog) samples (W P04: D12-D14)
HO
O
CH2
C
O
C
O
O P O
O
O
NH3+
H O
CH2
O
O P O
O
O
NH3+
Archaeal diversityAnalysis of etherlinked isoprenoids (PLEL):- saturated short chain (i20:0): all archaea- saturated long chain (i40:0): all archaea- cyclic long chain (i40:0-cy): Crenarchaeota- unsaturated short chain (i20:1): methanogens
Bacterial & eukaryotic diversityBacterial & eukaryotic diversityAnalysis of Analysis of esterlinked fatty acids (PLFA):- saturated (SATFA): Gram-positives,
sulfate reducer- monounsaturated (MUFA): Gram-
negatives, methanotrophs- polyunsaturated (PUFA): fungi, protozoa
Side chain analysis of phospholipids biomarker
to describe bacterial, eukaryotic and archaeal diversity with particular emphasis on methanogenic archaea and methanotrophic bacteria; the following fractions (biomarker) are analysed:
Extraction and analysis of phospholipid biomarker in peat (bog) samples (W P04: D12-D14)
From the peat samples investigated within work programme 1, 208 samples were selected for PLFA analysis; from layer 6 and 8 only duplicate samples were analysed to reduce sample amount for PLFA and DNA analysis (59 from Finland (FI), 40 from France (FR), 46 from Switzerland (CH), 43 from Scotland (SCO), 20 from France (FB))
Problems with GC/MS-c-IRMS system since 4 months, company has not solved the problem yet (GC columns of poor quality, splitting technique unreliable, RF generator of the ion source is unstable, compliance of the peak evaluation software has not been sorted out)
All PLFA samples are prepared 832 (+ 360 from labelling experiment) because of 4 different PLFA fractions, in average 20-30 PLFA compounds per run are to be identified and quantified
Simultaneous identification and quantification of PLFA/PLEL from environmental samples and their corresponding 12C/13C
ratios by GC/MS-C-IRMS
MS(DSQ)
IRMS(DeltaPlusAdvantage)
20% of the analyte
80% of the analyte
PLEL-derived isoprenoids (2-6 archaeal/methanogenic marker)
2 = FR 4 = SCO 5 = FB
Site
0,00
20,00
40,00
60,00
80,00
100,00
i-P
LE
L (
nm
ol/g
)
2 = FR 4 = SCO 5 = FB
Site
0,00
20,00
40,00
60,00
80,00
100,00
i-P
LE
L (
nm
ol/g
)
SC- C-6-1
SituationA
B
C
D
site comparison site*situation comparison
PLEL-derived isoprenoids (archaeal/methanogenic marker)
depth*situation comparison
-8
-6
-4
-3
Dep
th
0,00 20,00 40,00 60,00 80,00
i-PLEL (nmol/g)
SituationA
B
C
D
FR
-8
-6
-4
-3
Dep
th
0,00 20,00 40,00 60,00 80,00 100,00
i-PLEL (nmol/g)
SituationA
B
C
D
SCO
PLEL-derived isoprenoids (archaeal/methanogenic marker)
depth*situation comparison
-8
-6
-4
-3
Dep
th
5,00 10,00 15,00 20,00 25,00 30,00
i-PLEL (nmol/g)
SituationA
B
FB
2. Extraction and analysis of DNA in peat (bog) samples (W P04: D12-D14)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550
9 .A 0 6 _ 0 5 0 4 2 8 1 1 Q Q
Size (nt)
Dye
Sig
nal
98,71
177,35
FI-A-3-3
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550
9 .A 0 5 _ 0 5 0 4 2 8 1 1 Q P
Size (nt)
Dye
Sig
nal
98,71
177,34
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550
9 .A 0 4 _ 0 5 0 4 2 8 1 1 Q M
Size (nt)
Dye
Sig
nal
98,75
177,38
Reproducability
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600
2 .B 0 2 _ 0 5 0 4 2 8 1 1 R 2
Size (nt)
Dye
Sig
nal
60,60
76,57
98,80
100,42
171,90
172,64
235,00 295,11
296,85
311,29
316,28
320,04
322,77 482,66
581,94
589,62
FI-A-3-2FI-A-3-1
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550
9 .A 0 4 _ 0 5 0 4 2 8 1 1 Q M
Size (nt)
Dye
Sig
nal
98,75
177,38
Heterogeneity
-100
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550
1 1 .C 0 5 _ 0 5 0 4 2 8 1 1 S 0
Size (nt)
Dye
Sig
nal
116,26
183,21
290,26
294,28
308,38
FR-A-4-3FR-A-4-1
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550
1 4 .F 0 5 _ 0 5 0 4 2 8 1 1 R O
Size (nt)
Dye
Sig
nal 70,13
100,30
102,85
111,55
116,48
177,00
178,15
183,70
285,56
286,65
290,13
291,25
294,36
298,55
308,56
319,33
323,31
325,23
327,77
332,67
333,89
360,19
Heterogeneity
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550
9 .A 0 4 _ 0 5 0 4 2 8 1 1 Q M
Size (nt)
Dye
Sig
nal
98,75
177,38
FI-A-3-3FI-A-2-1
-100
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500
8 .H 0 1 _ 0 5 0 4 2 8 1 1 Q R
Size (nt)
Dye
Sig
nal
116,45
171,99
172,68
188,96
Depth profiling
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
4 .D 0 1 _ 0 5 0 4 2 8 1 1 Q U
Size (nt)
Dye
Sig
nal
110,66
111,53
116,13
286,73308,77
319,22
325,51
CH-A-4-1CH-A-3-4
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550
1 3 .E 0 4 _ 0 5 0 4 2 8 1 1 R K
Size (nt)
Dye
Sig
nal
61,50 87,73
111,51
116,43
294,10
312,58
320,34
324,23
325,28
Depth profiling
• The same 208 peat samples were selected for DNA analysis as for PLFA
• From all 208 peat samples DNA was extracted (DNA extraction kit soilBio101 following test analysis with MLURI)
• MLURI (Rebekka) received all DNA extracts (apart from FB samples) for fungal community fingerprints
• EPFL/UfZ (Antonis) received DNA extracts (only CH samples) for protozoan diversity studies
• first DNA analysis by TUM-BO: bacterial communities using 16S primer and subsequent t-RFLP analysis
Extraction and analysis of DNA in peat (bog) samples (WP 04: D12-D14)
4. Socioeconomical appraisal for peatlands in GermanyA. Gattinger, U. Bausenwein & M. Drösler (Uni Bayreuth)
• data on peatland distribution, economics on peat production, import/export has been collected
• in parallel a German group (among others M. Drösler, University of Bayreuth) is generating a new peatland inventory, as the current data is of poor quality (quite old, patchy, wrong, etc.)
• the major focus on the study will be on the political framework in Germany to support sustainable management of peatlands, reports/concepts from 3 of 6 selected German States (peatland area > 2%) on this issues have been received
Kesselmoore
Regenmoorebogs
26% 31%
Hydrogenetic mire types in Germany
5%14%
17%
3%
Verlandungsmooreterrestrialisation mires
Versumpfungsmoorewater rise mires
Überflutungsmooreflood mires
Quellmoore 1%spring mires
Hangmoore 2%sloopy fens
Durchströmungsmoore percolation mires?
Distribution of mire types in Germany
Main mire type:
1: coastal flood mires 3: water rise mires 2: coastal bogs
5: percolation mires 7: mountain bogs terrestrilisation mires
6: mountain bogs sloopy fens
4: terrestrilisation mires
8: water rise mires sloopy fens
Occurence of mires > 300 ha in Germany
Distribution of European peatlands
GermanyFrance
Finland
UK
Switzerland
European Russia
Belarus
EstoniaIreland
Norway
Poland
Sweden
Other
2.5%
0.3%
3.4%
16.5%
0.05%
total European peatland area: 514 882 km2
Usage of European peatlands
0
4000
8000
12000
16000
bog fen totalpeatland
Peatland use in Germanykm
2
based on Lappalainen 1996 and Selin 1999
mire
forest
grass
crop
peat cut
4 %
13 %
52 %
29 %
2 %
18000
total peatland area: 13000 km2 (= 1.3 Mill. ha)mire area: 100 km2
2002based on Freibauer et al. in prep peat is currently being formed
Greenhouse gas budget
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
German
y
France
Finland
UK
Switzerl
and
12.0% of total Europe
0.8%
3.1%
0.1%0.9%
Gg
CO
2-equ
ival
ents
residual
peat cut
grass
crop
forestry
mire
2nd largest emitter in Europe
Europe 51660 Gg
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
assuming a 100-year horizon
Europe 51660 Gg
Gg
CO
2-equ
ival
ents
CO2
CH4
N2O
-2000
-1000
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
German
y
France
Finland
UK
Switzerl
and
Greenhouse gas budgetassuming a 100-year horizon
Socioeconomical appraisal for peatlands in Germany
• for us the major task is to review the political framework regarding the sustainable management of peatlands (e.g. reduction of climate-relevant trace gases by converting arable field into extensive pastures/grasslands)