Summary of supplementary data

GLPF Grant- Team meeting #5July 23, 2013

Supplementary information sheets

• Received a sheet for ~80% of the soil samples collected

• ~1500 total including gridded, repeat, and 4 part sampling

How many acres does this sample represent?

• Mean = 25 acres• Median = 22 acres• Ranged from 1-153

Acres

0 20 40 60 80 140 160

Per

cent

of F

ield

s

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Percentile distribution

0

20

40

60

80

100

Acr

es0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

What is the soil drainage class, distance to nearest watercourse, and slope class (using county soil survey)?

• Tile drainage systematic in 38% and randomly present in low areas in 52%• From Ohio P Taskforce draft report, 20% of soil in Sandusky River Basin is

poorly/very poorly drained• Somewhat poorly drained soils often close to a stream with little slope

Soil drainage class

Well drainedModeratedly well drainedSomewhat poorly drainedPoorly or very poorly drained

Distance to stream

<150 feet150 to 250 feet250 to 500 feet500 -1000 feet>1000 feet

Slope

0-2%- Flat or nearly level2-6%- Gently to moderately rolling6-12%- Moderately rolling to steep>12%- Steep

64%

21%

7%8%

43%

24%

8%

10%

15%

57%

40%

What was the previous crop in this field?

• Most samples collected after soybean, but prior to corn• Wheat was at maximum 21-22% of samples

Previous Crop Planned Crop

CornSoybeanWheatHayOther

53% 24%

21%

48%

26% 22%

What is the planned crop for this field?

Corn tillage Soybean tillage

Inversion, <5% coverReduced, <30% coverMulch, >30% coverNo-till or strip till

Wheat tillage

Designate the form of tillage used for the type of crops typically planted in this field

• Reduced till most common for corn• No-till or strip till dominated soybean and wheat

72%

9%

14%

6%12%

18%12%

5%

68% 83%

Inversion (moldboard), <5% residueReduced, <30% residueMulch, >30% residueNo-till or strip till

Combined Tillage Practices

Inversion with any cropReduced till for almost all cropsReduced till corn + Mulch tillReduced till corn + no-tillMulch till corn + mulch or no-tillNo till corn + mulch or no-till

Tillage practices combined across crops

• Reduced till corn + no-till/strip till soy and wheat is most common

16%

45%8%

6%

11%

14%

Inversion with any cropReduced till for almost all cropsReduced till corn + Mulch tillReduced till corn + no-tillMulch till corn + mulch or no-tillNo till corn + mulch or no-till

How and when will the majority of fertilizer be applied?

Fertilizer application- When

In spring prior to plantingIn spring at plantingIn late summer or fall after wheat or hayIn fall after soybean harvestIn fall after corn harvestIn winterIn winter on snow covered or frozen soils

Fertilizer application- How

Broadcast and unincorporatedBroadcast and incorporated within 1 weekBroadcast and incorporated after 1 weekBanded with a corn planterBanded more than 2" with injection

22%

40%

21%

14%

• 57% of P fertilizer is broadcast overall• 53% applied in spring (April-June), 46% in late summer/fall (August-

November), 0.5% in winter (December-March)• 100% of banding with a corn planter occurred in the spring at planting with

with corn (74%) or soybean (20%)

29%

8%

45%

12%5%

Ohio Agriculture Retailer Survey results

• Sent to 54 retailers covering 4 million acres Lake Erie watershed

• Application occurred in the fall (September-October) on 44% of the acres, 16% in the winter (December-February), 7% in the summer (June-August), and 33% in spring (March-May) We had 46% applied in late summer/fall (August-November), 0.5% in

winter (December-March), and 53% in spring (April-June)

• Of the fertilizer applications, incorporation was as follows: 15% of broadcast was tilled after 1 week [14%] 18% of broadcast was tilled within 1 week [22%] 31% of broadcast was not tilled (i.e., no incorporation) [21%] 4% was strip tilled 33% was banded with a corn planter [40%]

When is broadcast fertilizer applied?

Broadcast fertilizer application- When

In spring prior to plantingIn spring at plantingIn late summer or fall after wheat or hayIn fall after soybean harvestIn fall after corn harvestIn winterIn winter on snow covered or frozen soils

5%

50%

14%

21%

8%• 19% applied in spring (April-June) • 79% in late summer/fall (August-November)• 0.9% in winter (December-March)

Broadcast fertilizer application- When

In spring prior to plantingIn spring at plantingIn late summer or fall after wheat or hayIn fall after soybean harvestIn fall after corn harvestIn winterIn winter on snow covered or frozen soils

Does incorporation of

broadcast fertilizer change

with season?

Broadcast and unincorporatedBroadcast and incorporated within 1 weekBroadcast and incorporated after 1 week

In spring prior to plantingIn spring at plantingIn late summer or fall after wheat or hayIn fall after soybean harvestIn fall after corn harvestIn winterIn winter on snow covered or frozen soils

32%

65%

Broadcast fertilizer application- When

In spring prior to plantingIn spring at plantingIn late summer or fall after wheat or hayIn fall after soybean harvestIn fall after corn harvestIn winterIn winter on snow covered or frozen soils

Does incorporation of

broadcast fertilizer change

with season?

Broadcast and unincorporatedBroadcast and incorporated within 1 weekBroadcast and incorporated after 1 week

In spring prior to plantingIn spring at plantingIn late summer or fall after wheat or hayIn fall after soybean harvestIn fall after corn harvestIn winterIn winter on snow covered or frozen soils

• Usually incorporated• Equally followed by corn (35%) or

soybean (35%)

32%

65%

Broadcast fertilizer application- When

In spring prior to plantingIn spring at plantingIn late summer or fall after wheat or hayIn fall after soybean harvestIn fall after corn harvestIn winterIn winter on snow covered or frozen soils

Broadcast and unincorporatedBroadcast and incorporated within 1 weekBroadcast and incorporated after 1 week

• Also usually incorporated• Typically followed by corn (77%)

In spring prior to plantingIn spring at plantingIn late summer or fall after wheat or hayIn fall after soybean harvestIn fall after corn harvestIn winterIn winter on snow covered or frozen soils32%

65%

63%20%

17%

Does incorporation of

broadcast fertilizer change

with season?

Broadcast fertilizer application- When

In spring prior to plantingIn spring at plantingIn late summer or fall after wheat or hayIn fall after soybean harvestIn fall after corn harvestIn winterIn winter on snow covered or frozen soils

Broadcast and unincorporatedBroadcast and incorporated within 1 weekBroadcast and incorporated after 1 week

• Incorporated at least 1 week after application

• Followed by wheat (51%) or corn (35%)• The previous crop was 52%

soybean, 2% corn, and 44% wheat • Question asks “when was a majority of

the fertilizer applied?” • Its possible that for fields applying

fertilizer in late summer, samples were collected prior to wheat

In spring prior to plantingIn spring at plantingIn late summer or fall after wheat or hayIn fall after soybean harvestIn fall after corn harvestIn winterIn winter on snow covered or frozen soils

32%

65%

63%20%

17%

10%21%

69%

Does incorporation of

broadcast fertilizer change

with season?

Broadcast fertilizer application- When

In spring prior to plantingIn spring at plantingIn late summer or fall after wheat or hayIn fall after soybean harvestIn fall after corn harvestIn winterIn winter on snow covered or frozen soils

Broadcast and unincorporatedBroadcast and incorporated within 1 weekBroadcast and incorporated after 1 week

• Higher occurrence of no incorporation

• Samples collected before wheat (51%), corn (24%), or soybean (23%)

In spring prior to plantingIn spring at plantingIn late summer or fall after wheat or hayIn fall after soybean harvestIn fall after corn harvestIn winterIn winter on snow covered or frozen soils

32%

65%

63%20%

17%

10%21%

69%

41%

18%41%

Does incorporation of

broadcast fertilizer change

with season?

Broadcast fertilizer application- When

In spring prior to plantingIn spring at plantingIn late summer or fall after wheat or hayIn fall after soybean harvestIn fall after corn harvestIn winterIn winter on snow covered or frozen soils

Broadcast and unincorporatedBroadcast and incorporated within 1 weekBroadcast and incorporated after 1 week

• Rarely incorporated• Samples collected before

soybean (85%)

In spring prior to plantingIn spring at plantingIn late summer or fall after wheat or hayIn fall after soybean harvestIn fall after corn harvestIn winterIn winter on snow covered or frozen soils

32%

65%

63%20%

17%

10%21%

69%

41%

18%41%

89%

Does incorporation of

broadcast fertilizer change

with season?

Broadcast fertilizer application- When

In spring prior to plantingIn spring at plantingIn late summer or fall after wheat or hayIn fall after soybean harvestIn fall after corn harvestIn winterIn winter on snow covered or frozen soils

Broadcast and unincorporatedBroadcast and incorporated within 1 weekBroadcast and incorporated after 1 week

• All together, incorporation tends to be lower in the fall

32%

65%

63%20%

17%

10%21%

69%

41%

18%41%

89%

Does incorporation of

broadcast fertilizer change

with season?

Broadcast fertilizer application- When

In spring prior to plantingIn spring at plantingIn late summer or fall after wheat or hayIn fall after soybean harvestIn fall after corn harvestIn winterIn winter on snow covered or frozen soils

Manure Application

No known applicationsApplied historically Recent but infrequent applicationRecent and frequent application

Manure application- How

Broadcast and unincorporatedBroadcast and incorporated within 1 weekBroadcast and incorporated after 1 weekBanded with a corn planter

Manure application- When

In spring prior to plantingIn spring at plantingIn late summer or fall after wheat or hayIn fall after soybean harvestIn fall after corn harvestIn winterIn winter on snow covered or frozen soilsIn spring prior to planting

In spring at plantingIn late summer or fall after wheat or hayIn fall after soybean harvestIn fall after corn harvestIn winterIn winter on snow covered or frozen soils

Broadcast and unincorporatedBroadcast and incorporated within 1 weekBroadcast and incorporated after 1 weekBanded with a corn planter

• Very little manure application• Typically broadcast (89%) in late

summer

76%

14% 6%4%

16%28%

45%

46%

11%

11%

12% 8%

9%

↑

15%↓

What is the manure application history?

How and when will a majority of manures be applied?

In general, what type of recommendation do these rates follow?

• Most management recommendations follow maintenance fertilizer application rates

• When comparing recommended application rate to tri-state recommendation, 50% were higher and 50% lower Of those higher, 90% indicated adding fertilizer for multiple crops

Total (0-8") M3P

0-21ppm21-43ppm43-71ppm>71ppm

P Fertilizer Recommendation

BuildupMaintenanceDrawdown

10%76%

13%

17%48%

11%

25%

In general, what type of recommendation do these rates follow?

• At >71ppm, P fertilizer application is still being recommended in 75% of fields (25% recommend no application) Only 39% indicate applying fertilizer for more than 1 crop

Total (0-8") M3P

0-21ppm21-43ppm43-71ppm>71ppm

17%48%

11%

25%

Rec

omm

ende

d P

fert

ilize

r ap

plic

atio

n ra

te (

lbs/

acre

)

0

50

100

150

200

250

Summary

• Most fields were somewhat poorly drained with low slope and often near a stream

• Samples were collected after soybean and before corn; wheat was a lower proportion

• Rotational no-till was the most common tillage with reduced till (<30% residue) for corn and no-till for soybean and wheat

• P fertilizer was banded with a corn planter in spring at planting and broadcast in the late summer and fall

Summary

• Broadcast application in the fall was more likely to have no incorporation

• Manure application was rare, but when applied it was broadcast in the late summer to fall

• Recommendations for farmers were aimed to follow maintenance application rates

Those adding more than maintenance indicated adding fertilizer for multiple crops

• Fertilizer application is often recommended for those fields beyond tri-state drawdown range

Questions?