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Summary of Results

Afrobarometer Round 6

Survey in Mozambique, 2015

Compiled by:

Ipsos Mozambique Ltd

Afrobarometer Round 6

Summary of Results for Mozambique, 2015

Afrobarometer is an African-led, non-partisan research network that conducts public

attitude surveys on democracy, governance, economic conditions, and related issues in

more than 30 countries in Africa. Five rounds of surveys were conducted between 1999

and 2013, and Round 6 surveys are being carried out in 2014-2015. Afrobarometer

conducts face-to-face interviews in the language of the respondent’s choice with

nationally representative samples of between 1,200 and 2,400 respondents.

Afrobarometer is produced collaboratively by social scientists from across Africa.

Coordination is provided by the Center for Democratic Development (CDD) in Zambia,

the Institute for Justice and Reconciliation (IJR) in South Africa, the Institute for

Development Studies (IDS) at the University of Nairobi in Kenya, and the Institute for

Empirical Research in Political Economy (IREEP) in Benin. Michigan State University (MSU)

and the University of Cape Town (UCT) provide technical support to the network.

The Afrobarometer National Partner in Mozambique, Ipsos Mozambique ltd, interviewed a

nationally representative, random, stratified probability sample of 2,400 adult

Mozambicans from 30th June to 24th August 2015. A sample of this size yields results with a

margin of error of +/-2% at a 95% confidence level. The Institute for Justice and

Reconciliation (IJR) provided technical assistance for the survey. Technical details of the

survey, including descriptions of stratification and household selection, translation

languages, and related information, can be found in the survey Technical Information

Form that follows.

Below is an outline of the survey findings from all the questions posed to respondents. We

also present the findings by some critical demographics such as gender and place of

residence (urban-rural).

Core support for Afrobarometer Rounds 5 and 6 has been provided by the UK’s

Department for International Development (DFID), the Mo Ibrahim Foundation, the

Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA), the United States Agency for

International Development (USAID), and the World Bank.

Contact Information:

For more information, please visit www.afrobarometer.org or

www.twitter.com/afrobarometer or contact:

Maxwell Odhiambo

Operations Manager

Ipsos Mozambique

Email: [email protected]

Tel: +258 84 288 3873

Dominic Nyasente

Research Executive

Ipsos Mozambique

Email: [email protected] Tel: +258 84 208 8860

http://www.afrobarometer.org/

http://www.twitter.com/afrobarometer

3

Survey Overview

The Quality of Democracy

and Governance in Mozambique

Afrobarometer Round 6, 2014-2015

Dates of Fieldwork: 30th June to 24th August 2015

Sample size: 2,400

Sampling frame: 2007 Population and Housing Census Mozambique with 2015 population

projections

Sample universe: Citizens age 18 years or older, excluding institutions

Sample design: Nationally representative, random, clustered, stratified, multistage area

probability sample

Stratification: Province, ward (for rural areas only) and urban-rural location

Stages: PSUs (from strata), start points, households, respondents

PSU selection: Probability proportionate to population size (PPPS)

Cluster size: Eight households per PSU

Household selection: Randomly selected start points, followed by walk pattern using 5/10 interval

Respondent selection: Gender quota filled by alternating interviews between men and women;

respondents of appropriate gender listed, after which household member

draws a numbered card to select individual.

Weighting: Weighted to account for individual selection probabilities

Margin of error: +/- 2% with 95% confidence level

Fieldwork by: Ipsos Mozambique

Survey Languages: Portuguese, Changana, Sena, Ndau and Macua.

(Official translations)

Main researchers: Maxwell Odhiambo and Dominic Nyasente.

Outcome rates: Contact rate: 99.1%

Cooperation rate: 87.2%

Refusal rate: 4.3%

Response rate: 86.5%

EA Substitution Rate: 4.7%

4

Note: All figures in the following tables are percentages, rounded to whole numbers. Due to rounding,

columns may not add up to exactly 100%. Cells that are blank or contain "0" or "-" indicate less than 0.5% of

all responses. For Questions 1 through 100, weighted frequency distributions are reported.

Demographic Distribution of the Sample

Unweighted Weighted

Gender

Male 44 45

Female 56 55

Location

Urban 35 35

Rural 65 65

Region

Maputo Province 7 7

Maputo City 6 6

Gaza 5 5

Inhambane 6 6

Sofala 8 8

Tete 9 9

Manica 7 7

Zambézia 18 18

Nampula 20 20

Cabo Delgado 7 7

Niassa 6 6

Education

No formal education 17 18

Primary 43 42

Secondary 30 29

Post-secondary 8 9

Don't know 2 2

Religion

Christian 63 64

Muslim 17 17

Other 20 20

Q1. How old are you?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

18-25 32 23 26 27 26

26-35 33 32 28 35 32

36-45 16 21 21 19 20

46-55 9 11 11 9 10

56-65 6 5 7 5 6

>65 2 3 4 2 3

Don’t know 2 4 3 4 3

5

Q2. Which Mozambican language is your home language?


Portuguese 22 9 14 13 14

Makua 20 31 26 28 27

Sena 5 9 8 8 8

Ndau 4 4 5 4 4

Changana 22 9 14 13 13

Nyanja 1 5 3 3 3

Chope 3 3 3 2 3

Bitonga 3 1 2 1 2

Makonde 1 4 2 3 3

Chuabo 5 5 6 4 5

Ajaua 1 3 2 3 2

Lomue 4 5 5 5 5

Chewa 2 1 1 1

Nyungwe 3 5 4 4 4

Xitswa 1 1 1 1 1

Other 9 12 10 11 11

Don’t know 1

Q3. Let's start with your general view about the current direction of our country. Some people might think

the country is going in the wrong direction. Others may feel it is going in the right direction. So let me ask

YOU about the overall direction of the country: Would you say that the country is going in the wrong

direction or going in the right direction?


Going in the wrong direction 20 26 25 23 24

Going in the right direction 71 63 65 67 66

Don’t know 10 10 10 10 10

Q4A. In general, how would you describe: The present condition of this country?


Very Bad 6 9 9 8 8

Fairly Bad 11 17 15 15 15

Neither good nor bad 31 22 27 24 25

Fairly Good 43 40 39 42 41

Very good 7 6 7 6 6

Don't know 3 6 4 5 5

Q4B. In general, how would you describe: Your own present living conditions?


Very Bad 5 15 11 12 11

Fairly Bad 14 20 19 18 18

Neither good nor bad 48 35 41 38 39

Fairly Good 28 24 24 26 25

Very good 3 3 3 3 3


6

Q5. In general, how do you rate your living conditions compared to those of other Mozambicans?


Much worse 7 14 11 12 12

Worse 16 23 23 19 21

Same 34 25 28 28 28

Better 31 27 27 29 28

Much better 5 5 5 5 5


Q6. Looking back, how do you rate economic conditions in this country compared to twelve months ago?


Much worse 5 8 7 7 7

Worse 10 14 13 12 12

Same 28 30 30 29 29

Better 42 31 33 36 35

Much better 9 10 10 9 9


Q7. Looking ahead, do you expect economic conditions in this country to be better or worse in twelve

months time?


Much worse 3 5 4 4 4

Worse 7 10 10 8 9

Same 13 17 16 15 16

Better 47 37 42 40 40

Much better 20 17 17 20 18

Don’t know 10 14 12 13 13

Q8A. Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or anyone in your family: Gone without enough food

to eat?


Never 48 32 37 38 37

Just once or twice 27 27 29 26 27

Several times 14 18 17 16 16

Many times 6 15 11 12 12

Always 3 7 6 6 6

Don't Know 1 1 1 1 1

Q8B. Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or anyone in your family: Gone without enough clean

water for home use?


Never 49 28 36 35 35



Many times 8 13 10 12 11

Always 8 20 16 16 16


7

Q8C. Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or anyone in your family: Gone without medicines or

medical treatment?


Never 43 25 32 31 31



Many times 10 15 14 12 13

Always 6 15 11 13 12


Q8D. Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or anyone in your family: Gone without enough fuel to

cook your food?


Never 48 45 48 45 46



Many times 5 9 8 8 8

Always 6 11 8 10 9


Q8E. Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or anyone in your family: Gone without a cash

income?


Never 28 14 20 18 19



Many times 15 22 20 19 20

Always 9 21 17 17 17


Q8F. [Regarding the most intense (highest) code circled on Q8A-E, i.e., if the respondent went without any

item in Q8A-E “always” or “many times” or “several times”:] When you say you went without [insert item]

[insert frequency], would you say this occurred: about once every two or three months, about once a

month, two or three times a month, about once a week, several times a week, or every day?


Missing 1 1

About once every two or three months 5 5 5 5 5

About once a month 11 11 12 10 11

Two or three times a month 16 19 18 18 18

About once a week 14 12 13 13 13

Several times a week 13 20 17 18 17

Every day 4 11 8 9 9

Not Applicable 36 19 25 25 25


8

Q9. How often, if at all, do you or anyone in your household receive money remittances from friends or

relatives living outside of the country?


Never 73 70 70 72 71

Less than once a year 3 3 4 3 3

At least once a year 2 5 4 4 4

At least every 6 months 3 5 5 4 4

At least every 3 months 5 6 6 6 6

At least once a month 12 8 9 9 9


Q10A. Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or anyone in your family: Felt unsafe walking in your

neighbourhood?


Never 40 55 50 49 50




Always 10 7 8 8 8


Q10B. Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or anyone in your family: Feared crime in your own

home?


Never 55 63 63 58 60




Always 5 5 5 5 5


Q11A. During the past year, have you or anyone in your family: Had something stolen from your house?


No 62 68 68 65 66

Yes, Once 16 17 18 15 16

Yes, Twice 14 10 8 14 11

Yes, Three or more times 7 4 5 5 5

Don't Know

1 1 1 1

Q11B. During the past year, have you or anyone in your family: Been physically attacked?


No 87 85 88 84 85

Yes, Once 8 9 8 9 8

Yes, Twice 3 3 2 4 3

Yes, Three or more times 1 2 1 2 1


9

Q12A. How often do you get news from the following sources: Radio?


Never 19 27 22 26 24

Less than once a month 2 2 2 2 2

A few times a month 5 5 5 5 5

A few times a week 22 19 20 20 20

Every day 51 45 50 45 47

Don't know 1 1

1 1

Q12B. How often do you get news from the following sources: Television?


Never 18 67 49 50 50




Every day 71 17 35 37 36


Q12C. How often do you get news from the following sources: Newspapers?


Never 44 79 66 67 67




Every day 17 5 10 9 9


Q12D. How often do you get news from the following sources: Internet?


Never 51 81 71 71 71




Every day 23 5 12 11 11


Q12E. How often do you get news from the following sources: Social media such as Facebook or Twitter?


Never 52 79 69 70 70




Every day 23 4 11 10 11


Q13. How interested would you say you are in public affairs?


Not at all interested 22 24 21 25 24

Not very interested 14 21 19 18 18

Somewhat interested 34 29 32 30 31

Very interested 27 21 25 22 23


10

Q14. When you get together with your friends or family, would you say you discuss political matters?


Never 32 41 36 39 38

Occasionally 50 41 45 43 44

Frequently 16 13 16 12 14


Q15A. In this country, how free are you: To say what you think?

Q15B. In this country, how free are you: To join any political organization you want?


Not at all free 14 11 14 11 12

Not very free 26 23 22 25 24

Somewhat free 18 20 18 21 20

Completely free 36 36 38 34 36

Don’t know 5 10 8 9 9

Q15C. In this country, how free are you: To choose who to vote for without feeling pressured?



Not very free 16 15 16 16 16



Don’t know 4 10 8 8 8

Let’s talk for a moment about the kind of society you would like to have in this country.

Q16. Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2.

Statement 1: Government should be able to ban any organization that goes against its policies.

Statement 2: We should be able to join any organization, whether or not the government approves of it.


Agree Very Strongly With Statement 1 19 17 17 18 17

Agree With Statement 1 20 24 23 22 23



Agree With Neither [Do not read] 2 4 4 3 3




Not very free 32 29 31 29 30




11


Statement 1: The media should have the right to publish any views and ideas without government control.

Statement 2: The government should have the right to prevent the media from publishing things that it

considers harmful to society.






Agree With Neither 2 5 4 3 4



Statement 1: Men make better political leaders than women, and should be elected rather than women.

Statement 2: Women should have the same chance of being elected to political office as men.








Q19A. Now I am going to read out a list of groups that people join or attend. For each one, could you tell

me whether you are an official leader, an active member, an inactive member, or not a member: A

religious group that meets outside of regular worship services?


Not a Member 39 34 34 37 36

Inactive Member 21 21 20 21 21

Active Member 36 38 39 36 37

Official Leader 2 5 4 4 4


Q19B. Now I am going to read out a list of groups that people join or attend. For each one, could you tell

me whether you are an official leader, an active member, an inactive member, or not a member: Some

other voluntary association or community group?


Not a Member 70 59 63 63 63

Inactive Member 11 16 15 14 15

Active Member 13 17 16 15 15

Official Leader 2 3 3 2 3


Q20A. Here is a list of actions that people sometimes take as citizens. For each of these, please tell me

whether you, personally, have done any of these things during the past year. If not, would you do this if you

had the chance? Attend a community meeting.


No, Would never do this 10 7 8 8 8

No, Would if had the chance 33 29 29 31 30

Yes, Once or twice 17 15 15 16 16

Yes, Several times 24 32 30 28 29

Yes, Often 14 14 15 13 14


12

Q20B. Here is a list of actions that people sometimes take as citizens. For each of these, please tell me

whether you, personally, have done any of these things during the past year. If not, would you do this if you

had the chance? Get together with others to raise an issue.






Yes, Often 13 12 13 11 12


Q21. Understanding that some people were unable to vote in the most recent national election in 2014,

which of the following statements is true for you? [Read out options]


You were not registered to vote 2 6 4 5 4

You voted in the elections 79 74 78 73 76

You decided not to vote 7 8 7 9 8

You could not find the polling station 2 3 2 3 2

You were prevented from voting 1 1 1 1 1

You did not have time to vote 2 3 2 3 3

You did not vote because you could not find your name in

the voters’ register 1 2 1 2 2

Did not vote for some other reason 2 2 2 2 2

You were too young to vote 2 1 2 1 1

Don’t Know / Can’t remember 1 2 2 2 2

Q22. On the whole, how would you rate the freeness and fairness of the last national election, held in 2014.

Was it: [Read out options]


Not free and fair 9 11 12 9 10

Free and fair, with major problems 28 24 24 26 25

Free and fair, but with minor problems 35 29 31 31 31

Completely free and fair 19 22 22 21 21

Do not understand question 1 2 2 2 2

Don’t know 8 12 8 12 10

Q23A. Thinking about the last national election in 2014, did you: Attend a campaign rally?


No 66 58 59 62 61

Yes 33 40 40 36 38


Q23B. Thinking about the last national election in 2014, did you: Attend a meeting with a candidate or

campaign staff?


No 80 76 75 80 78

Yes 19 22 24 18 21


13

Q23C. Thinking about the last national election in 2014, did you: Try to persuade others to vote for a certain

presidential or legislative candidate or political party?


No 76 76 73 78 76

Yes 23 22 26 19 22


Q23D. Thinking about the last national election in 2014, did you: Work for a candidate or party?


No 87 83 82 86 84

Yes 12 14 16 11 13


Q24A. During the past year, how often have you contacted any of the following persons about some

important problem or to give them your views: A local government councillor?


Never 89 85 87 86 86

Only once 5 6 6 5 5

A few times 2 2 2 2 2

Often 2 2 2 2 2


Q24B. During the past year, how often have you contacted any of the following persons about some

important problem or to give them your views: A Member of Parliament?


Never 93 87 90 89 89

Only once 3 3 3 3 3


Often 1 1 1 1 1


Q24C. During the past year, how often have you contacted any of the following persons about some

important problem or to give them your views: An official of a government agency?


Never 89 85 87 86 86

Only once 5 5 5 5 5


Often 1 1 2 1 1


Q24D. During the past year, how often have you contacted any of the following persons about some

important problem or to give them your views: A political party official?


Never 83 78 78 80 79

Only once 8 9 10 8 9


Often 2 3 3 3 3


14

Q24E. During the past year, how often have you contacted any of the following persons about some

important problem or to give them your views: Traditional leaders?


Never 73 53 61 59 60

Only once 10 15 12 15 14

A few times 10 17 15 13 14

Often 6 11 9 9 9


Q24F. During the past year, how often have you contacted any of the following persons about some

important problem or to give them your views: Religious leaders?


Never 60 50 56 52 53

Only once 9 15 12 14 13

A few times 15 15 15 15 15

Often 14 16 15 15 15


25A. Thinking of the last time you contacted any of these leaders. Did you go: Alone or with a group?


Missing 1 2 2 1 2

Alone 23 25 21 27 24

With a group 22 28 27 26 26

Not applicable (did not contact any) 53 44 49 46 47

Don't Know

1 1

1

25B. Thinking of the last time you contacted any of these leaders. Did you go: To discuss a community

problem or a personal problem?


Missing 1 2 2 1 2

Community problem 20 27 25 24 24

Personal problem 25 25 22 27 25

Not applicable (did not contact any) 53 44 49 46 47


26A. For each of the following actions, please tell me whether you think it is something a good -citizen in a

democracy should always do, never do, or do only if they choose: Vote in elections


Missing

Never do 2 4 3 3 3

Do only if they choose 14 17 15 17 16

Always do 81 76 79 77 78


26B. For each of the following actions, please tell me whether you think it is something a good -citizen in a

democracy should always do, never do, or do only if they choose: Avoid criticizing the government


Missing

Never do 20 16 18 17 17


Always do 39 33 34 36 35

Don't Know 7 10 7 10 9

15

26C. For each of the following actions, please tell me whether you think it is something a good -citizen in a

democracy should always do, never do, or do only if they choose: Complain to government officials when

public services are of poor quality


Never do 10 8 8 9 9


Always do 47 41 45 43 43

Don't Know 6 12 8 11 10

26D. For each of the following actions, please tell me whether you think it is something a good -citizen in a

democracy should always do, never do, or do only if they choose: Request personal assistance like help

with school fees or funeral expenses from elected leaders


Never do 12 9 11 9 10


Always do 46 47 80 44 47

Don't Know 8 11 9 11 10

26E. For each of the following actions, please tell me whether you think it is something a good -citizen in a

democracy should always do, never do, or do only if they choose: Pay taxes they owe to government


Never do 7 8 8 8 8


Always do 67 58 62 61 61

Don't Know 5 12 8 11 10

26F. For each of the following actions, please tell me whether you think it is something a good -citizen in a

democracy should always do, never do, or do only if they choose: Agree with the majority of people in his

or her community on political issues.


Never do 20 16 17 15 16


Always do 32 32 33 32 32

Don't Know 7 13 11 11 11

27A. Here is a list of actions that people sometimes take as citizens when they are dissatisfied with

government performance. For each of these, please tell me whether you, personally, have done any of

these things during the past year. If not, would you do this if you had the chance? Joined others in your

community to request action from government






Yes, Often 5 3 4 4 4


16

27B. Here is a list of actions that people sometimes take as citizens when they are dissatisfied with


these things during the past year. If not, would you do this if you had the chance? Contacted the media,

like calling a radio program or writing a letter to a newspaper








27C. Here is a list of actions that people sometimes take as citizens when they are dissatisfied with


these things during the past year. If not, would you do this if you had the chance? Contacted a

government official to ask for help or make a complaint







Don’t know [Do not read] 2 8 6 6 6

27D. Here is a list of actions that people sometimes take as citizens when they are dissatisfied with


these things during the past year. If not, would you do this if you had the chance? Refused to pay a tax or

fee to government








27E. Here is a list of actions that people sometimes take as citizens when they are dissatisfied with


these things during the past year. If not, would you do this if you had the chance? Participated in a

demonstration or protest march








17

Q28A. There are many ways to govern a country. Would you disapprove or approve of the following

alternatives? Only one political party is allowed to stand for election and hold office.


Strongly Disapprove 20 17 20 16 18

Disapprove 35 30 33 32 32

Neither Approve Nor Disapprove 8 11 11 10 10

Approve 21 25 22 25 23

Strongly Approve 12 8 10 9 9

Don’t know 3 10 5 10 8

Q28B. There are many ways to govern a country. Would you disapprove or approve of the following

alternatives? The army comes in to govern the country.





Approve 19 21 21 20 20


Don’t know 6 14 8 14 11

Q28C. There are many ways to govern a country. Would you disapprove or approve of the following

alternatives? Elections and Parliament are abolished so that the president can decide everything.





Approve 22 22 21 23 22


Don’t know 12 24 17 22 20

Q29A. What, if anything, does “democracy” mean to you?


Missing 1 1 1 1

Understood “democracy” in Portuguese. 67 52 63 52 57

Required local language translation 2 8 7 5 6

Did not understand the word or question,

even in local language 31 39 30 42 36

18

Q29E. Democracy - 1st response


Missing 5 6 7 5 6

Nothing/Democracy has no meaning

Civil liberties / personal freedoms 34 24 30 26 28

Government by, for, of the people /

popular rule 3 2 3 2 2

Voting / elections / multiparty

competition 1 3 2 2 2

Peace / unity / power sharing 15 17 17 16 16

Social / economic development 3 2 3 2 3

Equality / justice 1 3 3 2 2

Majority rule

Governance / effectiveness /

accountability / rule of law 2 1 2

1

National independence / people’s self

determination 1 1 1 1 1

Mutual respect 1 1 1 1 1

Working together 1 1 1 1 1

Other positive meanings 1

1 1

Conflict / confusion

Social / economic hardship

Civilian politics / government 1

Change of government / leadership /

laws

Other null/neutral meanings

Don’t know / Did not understand the

question 31 39 30 42 36

19

Q29E. Democracy - 2nd response


Missing 4 5 6 4 5



popular rule 1 1 2 1 1

Voting / elections / multiparty

competition 2 1 2 2 2




Majority rule


accountability / rule of law 2 1 1 1 1




Working together 1

1

1

Other positive meanings 1 1 1

1

Conflict / confusion 1

Corruption / abuse of power 1 1

1 1

Social / economic hardship

Other negative meanings

Civilian politics / government

Change of government / leadership /

laws

Other null/neutral meanings 1

1

No further reply 50 62 53 61 58

20

Q29G. Democracy - 3rd response


Missing 3 5 5 3 4



popular rule 1

1 1 1

Voting / elections / multiparty competition 1 1 1 1 1




Majority rule 1

1


accountability / rule of law 2

1 1 1




Working together 1 1 1 1 1

Other positive meanings 1

Conflict / confusion

Corruption / abuse of power

Other negative meanings

Civilian politics / government

Change of government / leadership / laws 1

1 1 1

Other null/neutral meanings

9996 No further reply 66 74 67 75 71

Q30. Which of these three statements is closest to your own opinion?


STATEMENT 3: For someone like me, it

doesn’t matter what kind of government we

have.

13 13 14 11 13

STATEMENT 2: In some circumstances, a non-

democratic government can be preferable. 15 19 17 18 18

STATEMENT 1: Democracy is preferable to

any other kind of government. 53 40 48 42 45

Don't know 19 28 21 28 25


Statement 1: It is more important to have a government that can get things done, even if we have no

influence over what it does.

Statement 2: It is more important for citizens to be able to hold government accountable, even if that

means it makes decisions more slowly.







Don’t know 5 10 7 10 8

21


Statement 1: We should choose our leaders in this country through regular, open, and honest elections.

Statement 2: Since elections sometimes produce bad results, we should adopt other methods for choosing

this country’s leaders.









Statement 1: Political parties create division and confusion; it is therefore unnecessary to have many

political parties in Mozambique.

Statement 2: Many political parties are needed to make sure that Mozambicans have real choices in who

governs them.









Statement 1: Parliament should ensure that the president explains to it on a regular basis how his

government spends taxpayers’ money.

Statement 2: The president should be able to devote his full attention to developing the country rather than

wasting time justifying his actions.







Don’t know 6 12 8 11 10


Statement 1: After losing an election, opposition parties should monitor and criticize the government in

order to hold it accountable.

Statement 2: Once an election is over, opposition parties and politicians should accept defeat and

cooperate with government to help it develop the country.







Don’t know 7 9 6 10 8

22


Statement 1: The news media should constantly investigate and report on government mistakes and

corruption.

Statement 2: Too much reporting on negative events, like government mistakes and corruption, only harms

the country.







Don’t know 6 12 6 12 10


Statement 1: Members of Parliament represent the people; therefore they should make laws for this country,

even if the president does not agree.

Statement 2: Since the president represents all of us, he should pass laws without worrying about what

Parliament thinks.







Don’t know 8 14 10 13 12


Statement 1: Since the president was elected to lead the country, he should not be bound by laws or court

decisions that he thinks are wrong.

Statement 2: The president must always obey the laws and the courts, even if he thinks they are wrong.







Don’t know 7 12 8 11 10


Statement 1: The Constitution should limit the president to serving a maximum of two terms in office.

Statement 2: There should be no constitutional limit on how long the president can serve.







Don’t know 7 10 8 11 9

23

Q40. In your opinion, how much of a democracy is Mozambique today?


Not a democracy 8 10 10 9 10

A democracy, with major problems 29 25 28 26 27

A democracy, but with minor problems 35 28 33 29 30

A full democracy 12 11 12 11 12

Do not understand question /do not understand what

‘democracy’ is 5 6 4 7 6

Don’t know 12 19 13 18 16

Q41. Overall, how satisfied are you with the way democracy works in Mozambique?


Mozambique is not a democracy 3 4 3 4 4

Not at all satisfied 16 19 19 17 18

Not very satisfied 48 36 41 40 40

Fairly satisfied 12 12 12 11 12

Very satisfied 10 11 11 10 11

Do not know 11 19 13 18 16

Q42A. For each of the following statements, please tell me whether you disagree or agree: The courts have

the right to make decisions that people always have to abide by.


Strongly Disagree 8 6 8 5 7

Disagree 21 18 20 18 19

Neither Agree Nor Disagree 8 10 9 9 9

Agree 43 40 40 41 41

Strongly Agree 15 12 13 13 13

Don’t Know 6 14 9 13 11

Q42B. For each of the following statements, please tell me whether you disagree or agree: The police

always have the right to make people obey the law.



Disagree 17 17 18 16 17


Agree 40 37 38 39 38


Don’t Know 5 12 7 11 9

Q42C. For each of the following statements, please tell me whether you disagree or agree: The tax

authorities always have the right to make people pay taxes.



Disagree 12 12 12 12 12


Agree 42 37 39 38 38


Don’t Know 7 16 11 15 13

24


Statement 1: It is important to obey the government in power, no matter who you voted for.

Statement 2: It is not necessary to obey the laws of a government that you did not vote for.









Statement 1: Citizens must pay their taxes to the government in order for our country to develop.

Statement 2: The government can find enough resources for development from other sources without

having to tax the people.








Q45A. In your opinion, how often, in this country: Does the news media abuse its freedoms by printing or

saying things it knows are not true?


Never 24 24 24 24 24

Rarely 34 27 31 29 30

Often 20 16 17 17 17

Always 11 9 10 9 9

Don’t know 11 24 18 21 20

Q45B. In your opinion, how often, in this country: Does competition between political parties lead to violent

conflict?


Never 10 11 10 11 11

Rarely 23 20 21 21 21

Often 26 24 25 24 25

Always 32 30 33 29 31

Don’t know 9 14 10 15 12

Q45C. In your opinion, how often, in this country: Does the president ignore the courts and laws of this

country?


Never 36 29 35 29 31

Rarely 26 24 22 26 25

Often 11 13 14 10 12

Always 6 5 6 5 5

Don’t know 21 30 23 29 27

25

Q45D. Are opposition parties or their supporters silenced by the government?


Never 26 24 25 25 25

Rarely 24 23 23 24 23

Often 17 14 15 14 15

Always 13 10 12 10 11

Don’t know 20 30 26 27 26

Q45E. Does the president ignore Parliament and just do what he wants?


Never 35 30 34 30 32

Rarely 27 22 23 24 23

Often 12 10 11 11 11

Always 5 7 7 6 6

Don’t know 21 32 25 31 28

Q46. In this country, how effective is the news media in revealing government mistakes and corruption?


Not at all effective 21 22 22 21 22

Not very effective 20 18 20 18 19

Somewhat effective 31 25 26 29 28

Very effective 14 9 12 10 11

Don’t know 13 26 20 23 21

Q47A. Think about how elections work in practice in this country. How well do elections: Ensure that the

representatives to the National Assembly reflect the views of voters?


Not at all well 13 18 17 15 16

Not very well 31 23 27 25 26

Well 36 34 34 35 35

Very well 8 6 8 6 7

Don’t know 12 19 14 18 17

Q47B. Think about how elections work in practice in this country. How well do elections: Enable voters to

remove from office leaders who do not do what the people want?


Not at all well 23 24 26 21 23

Not very well 32 24 27 26 27

Well 24 24 22 25 24

Very well 9 8 8 9 8

Don’t know 12 21 16 19 18

Q48A. In your opinion, how often do the following things occur in this country’s elections? Votes are

counted fairly.


Never 15 15 15 16 15

Sometimes 34 31 33 31 32

Often 8 10 9 9 9

Always 33 32 34 31 32

Don't Know 10 12 10 12 11

26

Q48B. In your opinion, how often do the following things occur in this country’s elections? Opposition

candidates are prevented from running for office.


Never 37 31 33 33 33

Sometimes 23 26 25 25 25

Often 15 13 14 14 14

Always 11 11 12 10 11

Don't Know 14 19 16 18 17

Q48C. In your opinion, how often do the following things occur in this country’s elections? The media

provides fair coverage of all candidates


Never 16 13 15 14 14

Sometimes 33 35 35 33 34

Often 15 14 14 14 14

Always 19 15 17 16 16

Don't Know 17 23 18 24 21

Q48D. In your opinion, how often do the following things occur in this country’s elections? Voters are bribed.


Never 32 26 30 27 28

Sometimes 25 24 25 23 24

Often 11 14 12 13 13

Always 13 12 12 13 12

Don't Know 19 24 21 24 23

Q48E. In your opinion, how often do the following things occur in this country’s elections? Voters are offered

a genuine choice in the elections.


Never 14 10 10 13 12

Sometimes 31 28 30 28 29

Often 12 15 15 14 14

Always 28 25 27 25 26

Don't Know 15 22 18 20 19

Q48F. In your opinion, how often do the following things occur in this country’s elections? Voters are

threatened with violence at the polls.


Never 32 28 31 28 29

Sometimes 32 27 29 29 29

Often 10 11 10 11 11

Always 13 15 13 15 14

Don't Know 13 19 16 18 17

Q49. During election campaigns in this country, how much do you personally fear becoming a victim of

political intimidation or violence?


A lot 10 11 11 9 10

Somewhat 16 15 16 15 15

A little bit 32 31 30 33 32

Not at all 37 36 37 35 36


27

Q50. Do you think that the leaders of political parties in this country are more concerned with serving the

interests of the people, or more concerned with advancing their own political ambitions, or haven’t you

heard enough to say?


More to serve their own political ambitions – strongly

agree 27 22 24 24 24

More to serve their own political ambitions - agree 25 22 25 22 23

Neither agree nor disagree [Do not read] 7 7 7 7 7

More to serve the people - agree 21 22 20 24 22

More to serve the people – strongly agree 10 13 13 11 12

Don’t know 10 13 11 13 12

Q51A. In your opinion, how often, in this country: Do people have to be careful of what they say about

politics?


Never 12 13 13 12 13

Rarely 27 27 27 27 27

Often 19 18 19 17 18

Always 37 33 34 35 35

Don’t know 5 10 7 9 8

Q51B. In your opinion, how often, in this country: Are people treated unequally under the law?


Never 17 18 18 18 18

Rarely 25 25 28 23 25

Often 27 25 22 28 26

Always 24 22 25 21 23


Q51C. In your opinion, how often, in this country: Do officials who commit crimes go unpunished?


Never 17 19 19 18 18

Rarely 28 27 27 27 27

Often 26 22 22 24 23

Always 21 17 20 17 18

Don’t know 8 16 12 14 13

Q51D. In your opinion, how often, in this country: Do ordinary people who break the law go unpunished?


Never 27 25 27 25 26

Rarely 26 24 26 24 25

Often 19 18 17 19 18

Always 19 17 18 17 17

Don’t know 9 16 12 15 14

28

Q52A. How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: The

president?


Not at all 8 12 12 10 11

Just a little 22 18 19 20 19

Somewhat 17 13 14 14 14

A lot 45 47 46 47 47

Don’t know/Haven’t heard 8 10 9 9 9

Q52A1-MOZ. How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to

say: The Prime Minister


Not at all 13 13 15 12 13

Just a little 23 17 18 20 19

Somewhat 24 21 22 22 22

A lot 31 33 33 32 32

Don’t know/Haven’t heard [DNR] 10 16 13 15 14

Q52B. How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say:

Parliament?


Not at all 12 14 15 13 14

Just a little 24 17 19 20 20

Somewhat 22 23 25 21 23

A lot 30 28 28 30 29


Q52C. How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: The

Electoral Commission?


Not at all 17 19 20 17 18

Just a little 24 18 19 21 20

Somewhat 21 22 22 21 22

A lot 27 26 26 27 26


Q52D. How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: The

Mozambique Tax Authority


Not at all 12 16 15 14 14

Just a little 28 22 25 24 24

Somewhat 21 22 21 23 22

A lot 27 23 26 24 25


Q52E. How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Your

local government council?


Not at all 12 15 15 13 14

Just a little 31 25 26 28 27

Somewhat 24 23 25 23 24

A lot 24 25 25 24 25


29

Q52E1-MOZ. How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say:

Provincial Government


Not at all 11 15 14 13 14

Just a little 30 26 27 27 27

Somewhat 22 21 22 21 22

A lot 28 26 27 27 27


Q52F. How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: The

ruling party?


Not at all 17 18 19 16 17

Just a little 24 20 21 21 21

Somewhat 20 20 20 20 20

A lot 31 31 32 31 31


Q52G. How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say:

Opposition political parties?


Not at all 24 26 26 24 25

Just a little 27 25 26 26 26

Somewhat 19 18 20 18 19

A lot 20 19 20 19 19


Q52H. How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: The

police?


Not at all 27 25 26 25 26

Just a little 25 22 22 23 23

Somewhat 17 19 20 17 18

A lot 24 24 25 24 24


Q52I. How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: The

army?


Not at all 20 20 21 20 20

Just a little 26 23 23 25 24

Somewhat 22 20 23 19 21

A lot 23 25 25 24 24


Q52J. How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Courts

of law?


Not at all 16 18 18 17 17

Just a little 27 20 23 22 22

Somewhat 21 20 21 20 20

A lot 26 26 26 26 26


30

Q52K. How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say:

Traditional leaders?


Not at all 18 13 15 15 15

Just a little 25 23 25 23 24

Somewhat 20 21 19 22 21

A lot 29 35 35 31 33


Q52L. How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say:

Religious leaders?


Not at all 9 8 9 8 8

Just a little 21 19 20 20 20

Somewhat 20 22 21 21 21

A lot 44 43 45 42 43

Don’t know/Haven’t heard 7 8 5 9 7

Q53A. How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption, or haven’t you heard

enough about them to say: The president and officials in his office?


None 22 18 21 18 19

Some of them 37 29 32 32 32

Most of them 9 9 11 8 9

All of them 7 10 8 9 9

Don't Know 26 34 28 33 31

Q53A1 MOZ. How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption, or haven’t you

heard enough about them to say: Prime minister and staff in his office?


None 20 16 19 17 18

Some of them 33 27 30 28 29

Most of them 13 13 13 13 13


Don't Know 26 35 30 34 32

Q53B. How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption, or haven’t you heard

enough about them to say: Members of Assembly of the Republic


None 18 13 16 14 15

Some of them 34 30 32 30 31

Most of them 14 15 16 14 15


Don't Know 26 35 28 34 31

Q53C. How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption, or haven’t you heard

enough about them to say: Government officials?


None 13 10 12 10 11

Some of them 32 28 31 28 29

Most of them 24 23 24 23 23

All of them 8 10 8 10 9

Don't Know 22 29 25 29 27

31

Q53D. How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption, or haven’t you heard

enough about them to say: Local government councillors (municipal and district)


None 12 11 12 11 11

Some of them 36 30 34 31 32

Most of them 21 21 21 20 21


Don't Know 22 29 25 28 27

Q53D1-MOZ. How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption, or haven’t you

heard enough about them to say: Provincial governors


None 15 13 13 14 13

Some of them 36 29 34 29 31

Most of them 16 20 18 18 18

All of them 10 10 10 9 10

Don't Know 24 29 25 29 27

Q53E. How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption, or haven’t you heard

enough about them to say: Police?


None 9 9 9 8 9

Some of them 31 23 28 25 26

Most of them 25 24 24 24 24

All of them 17 20 19 18 19

Don't Know 18 24 20 25 22

Q53F. How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption, or haven’t you heard

enough about them to say: Tax Officials, like Mozambique Tax Authority officials or Local Government tax

collectors


None 12 11 12 11 11

Some of them 33 26 34 25 29

Most of them 22 21 20 23 21

All of them 9 11 10 11 10

Don't Know 23 31 25 31 28

Q53G. How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption, or haven’t you heard

enough about them to say: Judges and magistrates?


None 13 13 14 12 13

Some of them 35 25 32 26 29

Most of them 18 17 17 18 18

All of them 10 10 8 11 10

Don't Know 25 34 29 33 31

Q53H. How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption, or haven’t you heard

enough about them to say: Traditional leaders?


None 21 21 21 21 21

Some of them 34 33 37 30 33

Most of them 14 11 12 13 12


Don't Know 22 26 22 27 25

32

Q53I. How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption, or haven’t you heard

enough about them to say: Religious leaders?


None 26 27 27 26 26

Some of them 35 30 34 31 32

Most of them 12 9 10 10 10


Don't Know 20 25 21 25 23

Q53J. How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption, or haven’t you heard

enough about them to say: Business executives?


None 17 12 13 14 13

Some of them 32 27 30 27 29

Most of them 19 20 20 19 20

All of them 10 15 13 13 13

Don't Know 23 27 23 28 26

Q54. In your opinion, over the past year, has the level of corruption in this country increased, decreased, or

stayed the same?


Increased a lot 33 26 29 28 29

Increased somewhat 19 20 20 19 19

Stayed the same 19 17 17 18 18

Decreased somewhat 14 15 16 13 14

Decreased a lot 5 6 7 6 6

Don’t know 10 16 12 16 14

Now I would like to talk to you about experiences that some people have in accessing certain essential

government services.

Q55A. In the past 12 months, have you had contact with a public school? [If yes] How easy or difficult was it

to obtain the services you needed from teachers or school officials?


Very easy 9 11 9 11 10

Easy 27 25 27 23 25

Difficult 18 12 14 15 15

Very Difficult 4 7 6 6 6

No contact 41 43 43 42 43


Q55B. In the past 12 months, have you had contact with a public school? [If yes] And how often, if ever, did

you have to pay a bribe, give a gift, or do a favour for a teacher or school official in order to get the

services you needed from the schools?


Never 40 41 41 40 41

Once or twice 8 5 6 7 6


Often 5 4 4 5 5

No contact 41 43 43 42 43


33

Q55C. In the past 12 months, have you had contact with a public clinic or hospital? [If yes] How easy or

difficult was it to obtain the medical care you needed?


Very easy 9 10 10 10 10

Easy 35 27 30 29 30

Difficult 22 19 20 20 20


No contact 23 30 29 26 27

Don't Know 1 1

1 1

Q55D. In the past 12 months, have you had contact with a public clinic or hospital? [If yes] And how often, if

ever, did you have to pay a bribe, give a gift, or do a favour for a health worker or clinic or hospital staff in

order to get the medical care you needed?


Never 57 53 54 55 55



Often 5 4 5 4 4

No contact 23 30 29 26 27


Q55E. In the past 12 months, have you tried to get an identity document like a birth certificate, driver’s

license, passport or voter’s card, or a permit from government? [If yes] How easy or difficult was it to obtain

the document you needed?


Very easy 9 9 7 11 9

Easy 22 19 21 19 20

Difficult 18 16 17 16 16


No contact 42 46 43 46 45


Q55F. In the past 12 months, have you tried to get an identity document like a birth certificate, driver’s

license, passport or voter’s card, or a permit from government? [If yes] And how often, if ever, did you have

to pay a bribe, give a gift, or do a favour for a government official in order to get the document you

needed?


Never 41 37 39 38 39



Often 3 4 4 3 4

No contact 42 46 43 46 45


Q55G. In the past 12 months, have you tried to get water, sanitation, or electric services from government?

[If yes] How easy or difficult was it to obtain the document you needed?


Very easy 5 3 3 4 4

Easy 16 9 12 11 11

Difficult 15 10 14 10 12


No contact 59 70 65 67 66

Don't Know 1 1

2 1

34

55H. In the past 12 months, have you tried to get water, sanitation, or electric services from government? [If

yes] And how often, if ever, did you have to pay a bribe, give a gift, or do a favour for a government official

in order to get the document you needed?


Never 24 16 21 18 19



Often 4 4 5 4 4

No contact 59 70 65 67 66


Q55I. In the past 12 months, have you requested assistance from the police? [If yes] How easy or difficult

was it to obtain the assistance you needed?


Very easy 6 2 2 4 4

Easy 11 8 9 9 9

Difficult 9 10 10 9 9


No contact 68 74 73 71 72


55J. In the past 12 months, have you requested assistance from the police? [If yes] And how often, if ever,

did you have to pay a bribe, give a gift, or do a favour for a police officer in order to get the assistance you

needed, or to avoid a problem like passing a checkpoint or avoiding a fine or arrest?


Never 19 14 15 16 16



Often 6 5 5 5 5

No contact 68 74 73 71 72


Q55K. In the past 12 months, have you had contact with the courts? [If yes] How easy or difficult was it to

obtain the assistance you needed from the courts?


Very easy 3 1 2 2 2

Easy 7 5 6 5 6

Difficult 5 5 5 5 5


No contact 81 85 84 82 83


35

Q55L. In the past 12 months, have you had contact with the courts? [If yes] And how often, if ever, did you

have to pay a bribe, give a gift, or do a favour for a judge or court official in order to get the assistance you

needed from the courts?


Never 12 7 9 9 9



Often 1 2 2 2 2

No contact 81 85 84 82 83


Q56. If you ever paid a bribe for any of the services discussed above, did you report any of the incidents

you mentioned to a government official or someone in authority?


Missing 4 5 5 4 4

No 24 18 20 20 20

Yes 4 3 4 3 3


Don’t know

1

1 1

Q57A. [If yes on 56] Which of the following happened the most recent time that you reported a bribery

incident? Authorities took action against the government officials involved.


Missing 5 5 5 5 5

No, didn’t happen 2 1 2 1 1

Yes, happened 2 1 1 1 1

Not applicable (no incidents reported) 92 92 91 93 92

Q57B. [If yes on 56] Which of the following happened the most recent time that you reported a bribery

incident? You suffered retaliation or other negative consequences as a result of reporting the incident.


Missing 5 5 5 5 5

No, didn’t happen 2 1 2 1 2

Yes, happened 1

1

1

Not applicable (no incidents reported) 92 92 91 93 92

Q58. Some people say that many incidents of corruption are never reported. Based on your experience,

what do you think is the main reason why many people do not report corruption when it occurs?


Most people do report incidents of corruption 4 3 3 3 3

People don’t have enough time to report it 6 5 5 6 6

People don’t know where to report it 11 13 11 14 13

People don’t know how to report it 15 13 14 14 14

Nothing will be done / It wouldn’t make a difference 13 14 14 14 14

It’s too expensive to report (e.g., due to travel or phone charges) 1 3 2 3 2

Corruption is normal / Everyone does it / everyone is involved 2 3 3 2 3

People are afraid of the consequences 28 15 20 19 19

The officials where they would report to are also corrupt / officials

are involved in the corruption 2 3 3 3 3

It’s government’s money, not the people’s, so it’s not our problem 1 1 1 1 1

Because they will implicate themselves as bribe-givers 1

1

1

Corruption is too difficult to prove 2 2 1 2 2

Other 1 1 2 1 1

Don’t know 12 24 20 19 20

36

Q59A. How much of the time do you think the following try their best to listen to what people like you have

to say: Members of Parliament?


Never 22 22 24 20 22

Only Sometimes 39 33 34 36 35

Often 18 14 15 16 15

Always 9 14 13 11 12

Don't Know[DNR] 12 17 14 17 16

Q59B-MOZ. How much of the time do you think the following try their best to listen to what people like you

have to say: Members of the Provincial Assembly?


Never 21 21 23 20 21


Often 17 20 17 20 19

Always 9 11 11 10 10

Don't Know 12 18 14 18 16

Q59C-MOZ. How much of the time do you think the following try their best to listen to what people like you

have to say: Members of the Municipal Assembly?


Never 21 21 22 20 21


Often 15 17 15 17 16

Always 10 12 11 11 11

Don't Know 13 20 16 18 17

37

Q60-PT 1. In your opinion, what are the most important problems facing this country that government should

address?


Nothing/No problems 1 1 1 1

Management of the economy 6 2 4 3 3

Wages, incomes and salaries 3 2 2 3 3

Unemployment 36 23 30 25 28

Poverty/destitution 5 8 5 8 7

Rates and Taxes 1 1 1

1

Loans / credit 1 1 1 1 1

Farming/agriculture 1 2 2 2 2

Food shortage/famine 1 4 3 3 3

Drought

2 1 2 2

Land

Transportation 4 3 3 3 3

Communications

Infrastructure / roads 2 4 3 4 3

Education 9 12 11 11 11

Housing

1

Electricity 3 7 6 5 5

Water supply 7 6 6 7 6

Orphans/street children/homeless children

Health 6 7 6 8 7

AIDS

1

1 1

Sickness/Disease

Crime and Security 2 1 1 1 1

Corruption 1

1

1

Political violence 1

Political instability/ ethnic tensions

Discrimination/ inequality

Gender issues / women’s rights

War (international)

Civil war 1

1

Agricultural marketing

1 1 1 1

Other 6 9 9 7 8


38


address?


Nothing/ no problems 1 1 1 1

Management of the economy 6 2 4 3 3



Poverty/destitution 5 8 5 8 7

Rates and Taxes 1 1 1 1




Drought 2 1 2 2

Land


Communications


Education 9 12 11 11 11

Housing 1



Orphans/street children/homeless children

Health 6 7 6 8 7

AIDS 1 1 1

Sickness/Disease


Corruption 1 1 1

Political violence 1




War (international)

Civil war 1 1

Agricultural marketing 1 1 1 1

Other 6 9 9 7 8

No further reply


39


address?


Nothing/ no problems

Management of the economy 1 1



Poverty/destitution 1 1 1 1

Rates and Taxes 1 1 2 1 1




Drought 1 1 1 1

Land 6 5 5 6 5


Communications 6 5 7 4 5


Education 3 1 2 2 2

Housing 4 11 9 8 9



Orphans/street children/homeless children 1 1

Health 13 12 12 12 12

AIDS 1 1 1 1 1

Sickness/Disease 1


Corruption 2 1 1 1 1

Political violence




War (international)

Civil war

Agricultural marketing 4 3 3 3 3

Other 4 8 8 6 7

No further reply 4 5 3 6 5

40

61A. Thinking of the problem you mentioned first, [Interviewer: remind respondent of first problem identified]

in your opinion, how well or badly would you say the current government is handling this problem, or

haven’t you heard enough to say?


Very badly 15 20 18 19 19

Fairly badly 30 30 31 29 30

Fairly well 39 32 35 35 35

Very well 8 5 8 5 6

Not applicable 4 4 3 5 4


Q61B. In your opinion, is there any other political party that could do a better job in solving this problem?


No 38 31 34 32 33

Yes 40 43 43 42 42


Don’t know 17 20 18 19 18

62. Which of the following do you see as the most important difference between the ruling party and

opposition parties in Mozambique?


There is no difference 10 9 11 8 9

The honesty or integrity of party leaders 21 18 19 20 19

The religion of party leaders or members 9 11 11 9 10

The economic and development policies each party wants

to implement 19 12 14 15 14

The experience of party leaders and their ability to get

things done 10 7 8 8 8

The ethnicity of party leaders or members 2 6 5 4 5

The personalities of party leaders 3 5 5 4 5

The regional identity of party leaders or members 1 2 2 2 2

None of these / Some other answer [Do not read] 2 3 3 3 3


63A. Looking at the ruling and opposition political parties in this country, which would you say is most able

to address each of the following matters, or haven’t you heard enough to say? Controlling prices.


Ruling party 75 72 74 73 73

Opposition party or parties 9 12 11 11 11

Neither of them 7 6 7 7 7

Don’t Know/Haven’t heard enough 8 9 8 10 9

63B. Looking at the ruling and opposition political parties in this country, which would you say is most able

to address each of the following matters, or haven’t you heard enough to say? Creating jobs.






41

63C. Looking at the ruling and opposition political parties in this country, which would you say is most able

to address each of the following matters, or haven’t you heard enough to say? Improving basic health

services.






63D. Looking at the ruling and opposition political parties in this country, which would you say is most able

to address each of the following matters, or haven’t you heard enough to say? Fighting corruption in

government.






64. Please tell me whether you agree or disagree with the following statement: The political opposition in

Mozambique presents a viable alternative vision and plan for the country.



Disagree 21 17 20 17 18


Agree 29 26 27 27 27


Don’t Know 13 18 13 19 16

Q65A. If the government of this country could increase its spending, which of the following areas do you

think should be the top priority for additional investment?


None of the above 1 2 2 2 2

Education 49 47 46 49 48

Infrastructure, like roads and bridges 10 14 15 11 12

Security, like the police and military 6 3 4 5 4

Healthcare 23 18 20 19 20

Agricultural development 4 5 4 5 5

Energy supply 4 8 8 6 7


Q65B. And which would be your second priority?


None of the above 4 5 4 4 4

Education 15 12 13 13 13

Infrastructure, like roads and bridges 8 6 7 6 7

Security, like the police and military 9 6 6 7 7

Healthcare 41 38 39 39 39

Agricultural development 11 11 11 11 11

Energy supply 9 19 16 15 15


42

Q65C. If the government decided to make people pay more taxes or user fees in order to increase

spending on public health care, would you support this decision or oppose it?


Strongly oppose 13 13 15 12 13

Somewhat oppose 8 7 8 7 8

Neither support nor oppose 6 8 7 8 7

Somewhat support 22 20 20 21 21

Strongly support 38 36 36 37 37

It depends 5 4 5 5 5

Don’t know 7 11 10 10 10

Q66A. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or

haven’t you heard enough to say: Managing the economy?


Very Badly 12 18 17 15 16

Fairly Badly 29 27 26 28 27

Fairly Well 39 32 36 33 34

Very Well 9 9 9 9 9

Don't Know / Haven’t heard enough 11 14 11 15 13

Q66B. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t

you heard enough to say: Improving the living standards of the poor?


Very Badly 14 19 17 18 17


Fairly Well 31 23 26 25 26

Very Well 11 10 10 11 11


Q66C. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or

haven’t you heard enough to say: Creating jobs?


Very Badly 14 20 17 18 18


Fairly Well 30 26 27 27 27

Very Well 10 9 9 10 9


Q66D. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or

haven’t you heard enough to say: Keeping prices down?


Very Badly 11 18 16 16 16


Fairly Well 36 30 33 31 32

Very Well 10 9 9 11 10


43

Q66E. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t

you heard enough to say: Narrowing gaps between rich and poor?


Very Badly 18 24 21 23 22


Fairly Well 28 25 28 25 26

Very Well 9 9 9 9 9


Q66F. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t

you heard enough to say: Reducing crime?


Very Badly 14 17 16 16 16


Fairly Well 36 33 36 33 34

Very Well 14 13 13 13 13


Q66G. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or

haven’t you heard enough to say: Improving basic health services?


Very Badly 11 16 14 13 14


Fairly Well 44 36 42 37 39

Very Well 15 12 12 13 13


Q66H. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or

haven’t you heard enough to say: Addressing educational needs?


Very Badly 8 14 13 11 12


Fairly Well 49 38 43 40 41

Very Well 13 11 11 13 12


Q66I. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t

you heard enough to say: Providing water and sanitation services?


Very Badly 13 21 17 18 18


Fairly Well 45 27 34 32 33

Very Well 10 9 10 9 9


Q66J. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t

you heard enough to say: Ensuring everyone has enough to eat?


Very Badly 13 20 20 16 18


Fairly Well 34 25 29 27 28

Very Well 9 9 9 9 9


44

Q66K. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or

haven’t you heard enough to say: Fighting corruption in government?


Very Badly 19 21 21 20 20


Fairly Well 31 25 27 27 27

Very Well 9 9 8 9 9


Q66L. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t

you heard enough to say: Maintaining roads and bridges?


Very Badly 9 17 14 14 14


Fairly Well 46 29 36 35 35

Very Well 15 12 12 14 13


Q66M. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or

haven’t you heard enough to say: Providing a reliable supply of electricity?


Very Badly 12 22 19 18 19


Fairly Well 42 23 29 30 30

Very Well 16 12 13 13 13


Q67A. What about local government? I do not mean the national government. I mean your municipal or

local government council. How well or badly would you say your local government is handling the

following matters, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Maintaining local roads?


Very Badly 9 19 16 15 15


Fairly Well 45 30 35 35 35

Very Well 14 11 12 12 12


Q67B. What about local government? I do not mean the national government. I mean your municipal or

local government council. How well or badly would you say your local government is handling the

following matters, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Maintaining local marketplaces?


Very Badly 7 18 14 15 14


Fairly Well 49 29 36 36 36

Very Well 15 12 14 13 13


45

Q68A. Do you approve or disapprove of the way that the following people have performed their jobs over

the past twelve months, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say? President Filipe Nyusi




Approve 44 41 42 42 42


Don’t know/ Haven’t heard enough 10 10 9 12 10

Q68A1-MOZ. Do you approve or disapprove of the way that the following people have performed their jobs

over the past twelve months, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say? Prime Minister – Agostinho

do Rosário




Approve 47 42 44 44 44



Q68B. NOT ASKED IN MOZAMBIQUE

Q68C. NOT ASKED IN MOZAMBIQUE

Q68D. Do you approve or disapprove of the way that the following people have performed their jobs over

the past twelve months, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say? Your traditional leader




Approve 38 41 41 39 40



Q69A. Who should be responsible for: Making sure that, once elected, Members of Assembly of the

Republic do their jobs?


The President /Executive 31 22 27 24 25

The Assembly of the Republic / Municipal

Assemblies 18 15 19 13 16

Their Political Party 16 17 16 17 17

The Voters 16 18 16 19 17

No One

2 1 2 1

Don’t know 18 26 20 26 23

Q69B1-MOZ. Who should be responsible for: Making sure that, once elected, Municipal councilors do their

jobs?



The Assembly of the Republic / Municipal

Assemblies 22 17 20 17 19


The Voters 16 17 17 17 17

No One 1 2 2 2 2

Don’t know 19 26 21 26 24

46

Q69C. Who should be responsible for: Making sure that, once elected, the president does his job?



The Assembly of the Republic /

Municipal Assemblies 22 15 21 16 18


The Voters 24 26 25 26 26

No One 1 2 2 2 2

Don’t know 21 28 23 27 25

Q70A. Based on your experience, how easy or difficult is it to do each of the following? To find out what

taxes and fees you are supposed to pay to the government?


Very easy 5 5 5 4 5

Easy 27 25 25 26 26

Difficult 35 32 35 32 33

Very difficult 22 19 21 20 20

Don't Know 11 19 14 18 16

Q70B. Based on your experience, how easy or difficult is it to do each of the following? To avoid paying the

income or property taxes that you owe to government?


Very easy 5 4 3 4 4

Easy 24 19 23 19 21

Difficult 34 33 35 32 33


Don’t have to pay taxes 1 3 2 3 2

Don't Know 10 19 14 17 16

Q71A. Please tell me whether you agree or disagree with the following statement: ordinary people can

make a difference in the fight against corruption?



Disagree 16 18 17 18 18


Agree 33 30 34 29 31


Don’t Know 7 14 10 13 12

47

Q71B. What is the most effective thing that an ordinary person like you can do the help combat corruption

in this country?


Nothing / Ordinary people cannot do anything 13 11 12 12 12

Refuse to pay bribes 31 30 31 30 30

Report corruption when you see or experience it 20 11 13 14 14

Vote for clean candidates or parties or for parties that

promise to fight corruption 9 10 10 9 9

Speak out about the problem, for example, by calling

a radio program or writing a letter 5 7 7 6 6

Talk to friends and relatives about the problem 4 5 4 5 4

Sign a petition asking for a stronger fight against

corruption 2 2 2 2 2

Join or support an organization that is fighting

corruption 3 3 4 3 3

Participate in protest marches or demonstrations

against corruption 1 2 2 1 2

Other [specify] 1 1 1 1 1

Don’t know [Do not read 11 19 15 17 16

Q72. In the last 5 years, how often, if ever, have you or anyone in your family been directly involved in a

administrative, civil or criminal case that has come before a government court or tribunal as a claimant, as

a respondent or defendant, or as a witness?


Never 85 79 81 82 81

Once 8 9 9 9 9

Twice 3 4 4 4 4

Three or more times 1 1 1 1 1

Don’t know / Can’t remember 3 6 4 5 5

Q73A. Have you encountered any of these problems in your experience with government courts in the past

5 years? You were unable to pay necessary costs and fees


Never 15 8 11 10 10

Once or Twice 2 2 3 2 2

A Few Times 3 3 3 4 3

Often 1 1 1 1 1

No experience with government courts in last 5 years 78 82 81 81 81


Q73B. Have you encountered any of these problems in your experience with government courts in the past

5 years? You could not understand the legal processes and procedures


Never 15 8 10 10 10



Often 1 2 2 2 2



48

Q73C. Have you encountered any of these problems in your experience with government courts in the past

5 years? You could not obtain legal counsel or advice


Never 15 9 10 11 11



Often

1 1 1 1



Q73D. Have you encountered any of these problems in your experience with government courts in the past

5 years? The judge or magistrate did not listen to your side of the story


Never 14 9 11 11 11



Often 1 1 1 1 1



Q73E. Have you encountered any of these problems in your experience with government courts in the past

5 years? There were long delays in handling or resolving the case


Never 13 7 10 9 9



Often 3 3 2 3 3



49

Q74A. Sometimes people do not take a case to the government courts, even if they think they have a

legitimate complaint and deserve justice. In your opinion, what would be the most important reason that

people like yourself would not take a case to court?


Most people do take cases to court when they have a

legitimate complaint 1

1 1

They cannot find a lawyer 11 8 9 9 9

Lawyers are too expensive 18 12 15 14 14

Absence of legal aid services / absence of free legal help 5 4 4 5 4

Court costs are too expensive 9 8 10 7 8

Judges, prosecutors or court officials will demand money or

a bribe to hear the case 3 3 3 3 3

People don’t have enough time to go to court 2 4 3 4 3

The distance to the courts is too far 1 4 3 3 3

They don’t speak the language spoken in the court 1 1 1 1 1

They don’t know their legal rights and remedies 4 4 4 4 4

They don’t know how to take a case to court 4 3 3 4 4

They think the processes are too complex / don’t

understand the legal process 7 4 6 5 5

They expect the case to take too long 2 3 2 3 3

They think the judges and court officials are incompetent 1

They do not expect fair treatment 2 2 1 3 2

They do not think the judges or courts are independent

Don’t trust the courts 3 2 3 2 2

The courts favor the rich / powerful 3 2 2 3 2

They prefer to go to traditional leaders / local council / other

non-government forum 2 4 3 3 3

Some other answer (1st response) 5 6 7 5 6

Don’t know 16 24 20 22 21

50

Q74B. Sometimes people do not take a case to the government courts, even if they think they have a

legitimate complaint and deserve justice. In your opinion, what would be the most important reason that

people like yourself would not take a case to court? And what would be the second most important

reason?


They cannot find a lawyer 1

1 1

Lawyers are too expensive 3 2 3 2 2

Absence of legal aid services / absence of free legal help 2 2 2 2 2

Court costs are too expensive 11 6 6 9 8

Judges, prosecutors or court officials will demand money or a

bribe to hear the case 3 3 3 3 3

People don’t have enough time to go to court 2 3 3 3 3

The distance to the courts is too far 2 4 4 3 3

They don’t speak the language spoken in the court 2 2 2 2 2

They don’t know their legal rights and remedies 4 5 4 4 4

They don’t know how to take a case to court 4 5 5 5 5

They think the processes are too complex / don’t understand

the legal process 8 6 5 8 7

They expect the case to take too long 8 6 7 7 7

They think the judges and court officials are incompetent 2 1 1 1 1

They do not expect fair treatment 4 3 4 3 4

They do not think the judges or courts are independent 1 1 1 1 1

Don’t trust the courts 5 3 3 4 4

The courts favour the rich / powerful 6 4 5 4 5

They prefer to go to traditional leaders / local council / other

non-government forum 5 4 4 4 4

Some other answer (1st response) 2 4 4 2 3

No further Answer 26 36 30 34 32

Q75A. I am now going to ask you about a range of different actions that some people take. For each of the

following, please tell me whether you think the action is not wrong at all, wrong but understandable, or

wrong and punishable: Not paying for the services they receive from government


Not wrong at all 10 10 11 10 10

Wrong but understandable 39 41 39 42 41

Wrong and punishable 44 34 40 35 37

Don't Know 6 15 10 13 12

Q75B. I am now going to ask you about a range of different actions that some people take. For each of the

following, please tell me whether you think the action is not wrong at all, wrong but understandable, or

wrong and punishable: Not paying the taxes they owe on their income


Not wrong at all 8 11 10 10 10

Wrong but understandable 41 37 38 39 39

Wrong and punishable 43 37 42 37 39

Don't Know 8 15 10 14 12

51


Statement 1: People living in Southern Africa should be able to move freely across international borders in

order to trade or work in other countries. Statement 2: Because foreign migrants take away jobs, and

foreign traders sell their goods at very cheap prices, governments should protect their own citizens and limit

the cross-border movement of people and goods.







Don’t know 7 14 9 13 12


Statement 1: The governments of each country in Southern Africa have a duty to try to guarantee free

elections and prevent human rights abuses in other countries in the region, for example by using political

pressure, economic sanctions or military force.

Statement 2: Each country in this region should respect the independence of other countries and allow

them to make their own decisions about how their country should be governed.







Don’t know 9 17 10 18 14

Q78. In your opinion, how easy or difficult is it for people in Southern Africa to cross international borders in

order to work or trade in other countries, or haven’t you heard enough to say?



Difficult 24 27 27 26 26

Easy 16 15 16 15 16

Very easy 9 5 8 5 7

Never try 25 21 21 24 23

Don’t know 11 18 14 17 16

Q79A. In your opinion, how much do each of the following do to help your country, or haven’t you heard

enough to say? SADC – Southern Africa Development Community


Do nothing, no help 8 7 7 8 7

Help a little bit 24 19 21 20 21

Help somewhat 18 20 22 17 19

Help a lot 31 27 30 27 28


Q79B. In your opinion, how much do each of the following do to help your country, or haven’t you heard

enough to say? African Union


Do nothing, no help 11 10 11 10 10

Help a little bit 19 18 18 19 18

Help somewhat 18 18 21 16 18

Help a lot 31 23 28 25 26


52

Q80A. In your opinion, which of the following countries, if any, would be the best model for the future

development of our country?


None of these 2 2 2 2 2

United States 21 12 17 14 15

China 34 37 39 34 36

Portugal 5 7 6 7 6

India 4 5 4 5 5

South Africa 16 14 14 15 15

We should follow our own country’s model 8 5 6 6 6

Other country 1 1 1 1 1

Don’t know 9 19 11 18 15

Q80B. Which of the following do you think has the most influence on Mozambique, or haven’t you heard

enough to say?


None of these have much influence 2 2 2 2 2

United States 10 7 8 8 8

China 53 51 57 48 52

Portugal 7 4 5 6 5

India 2 5 3 5 4

South Africa 10 9 8 10 9

International organizations like the United Nations or

the World Bank 3 2 3 2 2

Some other country or organization 1 1 1 1

Don’t know / Haven’t heard enough 12 20 14 20 17

Now let’s talk about the role that China plays in our country.

Q81A. How much influence do you think China’s economic activities in Mozambique have on our

economy, or haven’t you heard enough to say?


None 2 4 3 4 3

A little 10 11 11 10 11

Some 23 24 22 25 24

A lot 54 39 48 41 44


Q81B. In general, do you think that China’s economic and political influence on Mozambique is mostly

positive, or mostly negative, or haven’t you heard enough to say?


Very negative 3 3 3 3 3

Somewhat negative 4 7 5 6 6

Neither positive nor negative 7 8 8 8 8

Somewhat positive 34 31 32 31 32

Very positive 40 29 35 31 33

Don’t know /Haven’t heard enough 12 22 16 20 18

53

Q81C. Which of the following factors contributes most to positive image of China in Mozambique, or haven’t

you heard enough to say?



China’s support for Mozambique in international

affairs 7 9 8 8 8

China’s policy of non-interference in the internal

affairs of African countries 5 4 4 5 4

China’s investment in infrastructure or other

development in Mozambique 24 17 21 18 20

China’s business investment 20 15 18 16 17

The cost of Chinese products 24 20 22 21 22

An appreciation of the Chinese people, culture and

language 2 3 3 2 3

Some other factor 1 1

1 1


Q81D. Which of the following factors contributes most to negative images of China in Mozambique, or

haven’t you heard enough to say?



China’s extraction of resources from Africa 10 8 10 8 9

Land grabbing by Chinese individuals or businesses 10 9 9 10 10

China’s willingness to cooperate with undemocratic

rulers in Africa 4 6 5 5 5

Chinese economic activities taking jobs or business

from Mozambicans 13 11 12 12 12

The quality of Chinese products 33 27 32 27 29

The behavior of Chinese citizens in Mozambique 8 6 7 7 7

Some other factor 1 1

1 1


Q81E. In your opinion, does China’s economic development assistance to Mozambique do a good job or a

bad job of meeting the country’s needs, or haven’t you heard enough to say?


Very bad job 5 7 6 6 6

Somewhat bad job 10 14 14 12 13

Neither good nor bad job 12 12 13 11 12

Somewhat good job 28 22 24 24 24

Very good job 25 15 20 18 19

China doesn’t give development assistance to

Mozambique 2 1 2 1 1

Q82A-MOZ. Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose statement 1 or Statement 2

Statement 1: Public officials should not be required to disclose their personal assets. Statement 2: To aid the

fight against corruption, public officials should be required to disclose their personal assets.







Don’t know 5 10 6 9 8

54

Q82B-MOZ. Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose statement 1 or Statement 2

Statement 1: The work of National Assembly representatives requires their full time attention. They should

therefore not be allowed to hold any other public position. Statement 2: National Assembly representatives

should be allowed to hold other public positions.







Don’t know 9 17 10 17 14

Q83A-MOZ. How well or badly would you say the current government is doing to make sure that ordinary

people like you benefit from the country’s natural resources such as coal, gas and heavy sands or haven’t

you heard enough to say?


Very badly 15 16 17 15 16

Fairly badly 24 20 22 20 21

Fairly well 41 37 39 38 38

Very well 9 9 8 9 9

Don’t know / haven’t heard enough 11 19 14 18 16

Q83B-MOZ. In your opinion, which of the following groups do you think benefits the most from the

exploitation of natural resources in Mozambique today, or haven’t you heard enough to say?.


All Mozambicans in general 16 13 15 13 14

Local communities where natural

resources are located 6 5 7 5 6

The ruling party 33 37 37 35 36

Opposition parties 6 5 5 6 5

The companies that exploit these

resources 18 17 18 17 17

All the above groups 3 4 4 4 4

None of the above groups 1 1 1 1 1

Don’t know / haven’t heard enough 16 18 14 20 17

Q84A-MOZ. For each of the following statements, please tell me whether you disagree or agree, or haven’t

heard enough to say: Families should never be displaced from their land in order to exploit natural

resources, even if doing so would contribute to Mozambique’s economic development



Disagree 23 20 21 21 21


Agree 37 33 36 33 34


Don’t Know 7 13 10 11 11

55

Q84B-MOZ. For each of the following statements, please tell me whether you disagree or agree, or haven’t

heard enough to say: Civil society organizations should work as independent watchdogs in monitoring the

actions of government and political parties at all times.



Disagree 15 13 13 14 14


Agree 43 37 39 39 39


Don’t Know 10 19 14 17 16

Q85-MOZ. In your opinion, which of the following is the greatest challenge for individuals wishing to

acquire land in Mozambique today?



Traditional leaders that favour certain groups of

people 9 9 8 10 9

Difficulties in getting title documents 7 7 7 7 7

Unscrupulous sellers 7 9 8 9 9

Land is too expensive 54 42 47 46 46

Land scarcity 13 12 14 10 12

Don't know/Haven’t heard enough 7 15 11 13 12

Q86-MOZ. Given the ongoing debate about the mode of appointing provincial governors in this country,

what, in your opinion, is the best way for selecting provincial governors? Should they be:



Appointed by the President 20 18 18 19 19

Elected by the Provincial Assembly 13 12 15 11 12

Directly elected by the voters of the province 42 38 40 40 40

Nominated by the largest political party in each

province 11 9 10 10 10

Don’t know 11 20 16 18 17

Let’s go back to talking about you.

Q87. What is your ethnic community, cultural group or tribe?


Makua 27 32 28 32 30

Ndau 4 5 6 4 5

Sena 7 10 8 9 9

Changana 24 11 16 15 15

Nyanja 1 5 3 4 3

Chope 4 3 4 3 3

Bitonga 3 1 2 2 2

Makonde 1 4 3 3 3

Chuabo 7 6 7 5 6

Ajaua 1 3 2 3 2

Lomue 6 6 6 6 6

Mozambican only, or “doesn’t think of self in those

terms” 1 1 1 1 1

Other 10 13 12 12 12

Refused to answer 1 1 1 1 1


56

Q88A. How often, if ever, are ___________s [Ethnic Group] treated unfairly by the government?


Never 58 49 53 51 52

Sometimes 20 23 22 21 22

Often 8 13 11 12 11

Always 2 5 4 4 4



Q88B. Let us suppose that you had to choose between being a Mozambican and being a ________[R’s

ETHNIC GROUP]. Which of the following statements best expresses your feelings?


Missing 1 1 1 1

I feel only __[insert R’s ethnic group] 2 3 3 2 3

I feel more __[insert R’s ethnic group] than

Mozambican 3 5 4 5 4

I feel equally Mozambican and __ [insert R’s ethnic

group] 16 19 18 18 18

I feel more Mozambican than __[insert R’s ethnic

group] 13 14 13 14 13

I feel only Mozambican 57 50 53 52 53



Q89A. For each of the following types of people, please tell me whether you would like having people from

this group as neighbors, dislike it, or not care: People of a different religion


Strongly dislike 4 8 7 6 7

Somewhat Dislike 8 9 9 9 9

Would not care 51 39 44 42 43

Somewhat like 16 14 13 15 14

Strongly like 21 26 24 24 24


Q89B. For each of the following types of people, please tell me whether you would like having people from

this group as neighbors, dislike it, or not care: People from other ethnic groups.








Q89C. For each of the following types of people, please tell me whether you would like having people from

this group as neighbors, dislike it, or not care: Homosexuals.







Don’t know 3 10 6 9 8

57

Q89D. For each of the following types of people, please tell me whether you would like having people from

this group as neighbors, dislike it, or not care: People who have HIV/AIDS.








Q89E. For each of the following types of people, please tell me whether you would like having people from

this group as neighbors, dislike it, or not care: Immigrants or foreign workers.








Q90A. Do you feel close to any particular political party?


No (does NOT feel close to ANY party) 27 18 22 21 21

Yes (feels close to a party) 52 63 60 58 59


Does not know 6 6 5 7 6

Q90B. If “Yes” to Q90A] Which party is that?


Frelimo (Frente de Libertação de Moçambique) 37 43 41 41 41

Renamo (Resistência Nacional de Moçambique) 5 11 10 8 9

MDM (Movimento Democrático Moçambicano) 2 3 3 3 3

PDD (Partido para Paz, Democracia e

Desenvolvimento)



Don’t know

1

Q91A. Which of these things do you personally own? Radio


No (Don’t own) 28 35 30 35 33

Yes (Do Own) 72 64 69 65 67

Don’t know

1

1 1

Q91B. Which of these things do you personally own? Television


No (Don’t own) 23 77 58 58 58

Yes (Do Own) 77 23 42 41 42

Don’t know

1

1 1

58

Q91C. Which of these things do you personally own? Motor vehicle or motorcycle


No (Don’t own) 72 85 78 83 81

Yes (Do Own) 27 13 21 16 18


Q91D. Which of these things do you personally own? Mobile phone


No (Don’t own) 16 53 38 41 40

Yes (Do Own) 84 46 62 58 59


Q92A. How often do you use: Mobile phone?


Never 8 41 28 31 30

Less than once a month 1

1



Every day 86 48 62 60 61


Q92B. How often do you use: The internet?


Never 43 80 66 68 67




Every day 28 6 14 13 14


Q93A. Please tell me whether each of the following are available inside your house, inside your compound,

or outside your compound: Your main source of water for household use


Inside the house 12 2 6 5 6

Inside the compound 53 25 36 34 35

Outside the compound 34 72 58 59 59


Q93B. Please tell me whether each of the following are available inside your house, inside your compound,

or outside your compound: A toilet or latrine


None, no latrine available 1 3 2 2 2

Inside the house 13 3 8 6 7

Inside the compound 71 56 60 61 61

Outside the compound 14 37 29 29 29


59

Q94. [Interviewer: If it is 100% clear that there is no electricity supply to the home, e.g., in an unserved rural

area, do not ask the question of the respondent. Just select 0=No electricity supply and continue to the

next question.] Do you have an electric connection to your home from the mains?


No mains electric supply or connection to the

home 14 57 43 41 42

Never 9 16 13 14 14

Occasionally 9 4 6 6 6

About half of the time 3 1 2 2 2

Most of the time 18 6 10 10 10

All of the time 47 12 24 24 24


Q95. Do you have a job that pays a cash income? [If yes, ask:] Is it full-time or part-time? [If no, ask:] Are

you presently looking for a job?


No (not looking) 28 31 27 32 30

No (looking) 33 36 34 35 35

Yes, part time 15 12 15 12 13

Yes, full time 22 17 21 17 18


Q96A. What is your main occupation? (If unemployed, retired or disabled, what was your last main

occupation?


Never had a job 14 32 28 24 26

Student 19 8 12 11 12

Housewife / homemaker 16 13 4 21 14

Agriculture / farming / fishing / forestry 8 20 17 14 16

Trader / hawker / vendor 6 5 6 5 5

Retail / Shop 5 3 4 3 3

Unskilled manual worker (e.g., cleaner,

laborer, domestic help, unskilled

manufacturing worker)

8 5 9 4 6

Artisan or skilled manual worker (e.g., trades

like electrician, mechanic, machinist or skilled

manufacturing worker)

2 1 2 1 1

Clerical or secretarial 3 2 2 2 2

Supervisor / Foreman / Senior Manager 1 1 1 1 1

Security services (police, army, private

security) 1 1 1 1 1

Mid-level professional (e.g., teacher, nurse,

mid-level government officer) 6 3 4 4 4

Upper-level professional (e.g.,

banker/finance, doctor, lawyer, engineer,

accountant, professor, senior-level

government

3 1 2 2 2

Other 8 3 5 4 5


60

Q96B. Do you work for yourself, for someone else in the private sector or the non-governmental sector, or

for government?


Works for self 28 35 31 33 32

Private sector 12 8 12 7 9

Non-Governmental Organizations or civil society sector 3 2 3 2 2

Government 12 6 9 8 8

Not applicable [i.e., if answer to Q96A was unemployed,

or student] 43 47 44 47 45


Q97. What is your highest level of education?


No formal schooling 6 19 12 16 14

Informal schooling only (including Koranic schooling) 1 4 2 4 3

Some primary schooling 17 32 26 27 27

Primary school completed 15 16 17 14 16

Intermediate school or Some secondary school / high

school 23 13 17 16 16

Secondary school / high school completed 21 8 13 12 12

Post-secondary qualifications, other than university e.g. a

diploma or degree from a polytechnic or college 6 2 4 3 4

Some university 6 2 4 3 4

University completed 3 1 2 2 2

Post-graduate


61

Q98A. What is your religion, if any?


None 5 6 7 5 6

Christian only (i.e., respondents says only “Christian”, without

identifying a specific sub-group) 23 20 20 21 21

Roman Catholic 16 21 20 19 19

Orthodox

Coptic

Anglican 2 3 2 3 2

Lutheran

Methodist 3 2 3 2 2

Presbyterian 1 1 1 1 1

Baptist 2 2 2 2 2

Quaker / Friends

Mennonite

Evangelical 3 2 2 2 2

Pentecostal (e.g., “Born Again” and/or “Saved”) 3 2 2 2 2

Independent (e.g., “African Independent Church”)

Jehovah’s Witness 2 4 4 3 4

Seventh Day Adventist 1 2 2 2 2

Mormon

Muslim only (i.e., respondents says only “Muslim”, without

identifying a specific sub-group) 15 13 13 14 14

Sunni only (i.e., respondents says only “Sunni” or “Sunni Muslim”,

without identifying a specific sub-group) 1 2 1 1 1

Ismaeli

1

Mouridiya Brotherhood

Qadiriya Brotherhood

Shia

Traditional / ethnic religion

Atheist (Do not believe in a God)

Dutch Reformed

Calvinist

Church of Christ 1 2 1 1 1

Zionist Christian Church 2 3 2 3 3

Old Apostolic 5 4 5 4 4

Nazarene Church 1 2 2 2 2

Other [Specify]: 7 4 5 5 5

Refused 2 2 1 2 2


62

Q98B. People practice their religion in different ways. Aside from weddings and funerals, how often do you

personally engage in religious practices like prayer, reading a religious book, or attending a religious

service or a meeting of a religious group? Would you say you do so:

Total Urban Rural Male Female Total

Never 13 13 14 12 13

A few times a year 17 12 14 14 14

About once a month 8 9 9 9 9

About once a week 25 23 23 24 24


About once a day 4 7 6 6 6

More than once a day 7 7 7 8 7

Respondent has no religion 4 6 5 5 5


Q99. If presidential elections were held tomorrow, which party’s candidate would you vote for?


Frelimo (Frente de Libertação de Moçambique) 51 50 52 49 51

Renamo (Resistência Nacional de Moçambique) 9 15 14 12 13

MDM (Movimento Democrático Moçambicano) 4 4 4 3 4

PDD (Partido para Paz, Democracia e

Desenvolvimento)

PIMO (Partido Independente Moçambicano)

Other

Would not vote 2 2 2 2 2



Q100. Just one more question: Who do you think sent us to do this interview?


No one 1 1 1 1 1

“Afrobarometer” or Ipsos [i.e., the correct response] 27 20 24 22 23

Research Company / Organization / Programme

[but not Afrobarometer or Ipsos ]’ 4 2 4 2 3

Non-government or religious organization 3 2 3 2 2

University / School / College 3 4 4 4 4

Private company 5 4 5 4 4

Media 2 2 2 2 2

Political party or politician 8 7 7 8 8

Government (including any government official,

government agency or ministry or any other part of

government named by the respondent)

24 28 27 26 27

International organization or another country 1 1 1 1 1

God

1

1 1

Other


Don’t know 20 22 19 23 21

Documents

Summary of Results Afrobarometer Round 6 Survey …afrobarometer.org/sites/default/files/publications/Summary of... · Summary of Results Afrobarometer Round 6 Survey in Mozambique,