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National Consultation Workshop on Poverty – Environment Nexus in Vientiane Capital National Consultation Workshop on Poverty – Environment Nexus in Vientiane Capital
on 1-2/08/2005on 1-2/08/2005
The Result of Research Linkages between The Result of Research Linkages between
Environment and Poverty EradicationEnvironment and Poverty Eradication
By: Mr. Khampadith KHAMMOUNHEUANG By: Mr. Khampadith KHAMMOUNHEUANG
Director of Environmental Training Center Director of Environmental Training Center
Environment research institute, PEN2 CoordinatorEnvironment research institute, PEN2 Coordinator
OutlineOutlineI. Summary of the five case study resultsI. Summary of the five case study results
1.1 The interaction between environment and 1.1 The interaction between environment and
poverty found in the case studiespoverty found in the case studies
1.2 The foundation contribution of the environment 1.2 The foundation contribution of the environment
to the poverty eradication in six target districts to the poverty eradication in six target districts
1.3 The environment & social problems, causes, 1.3 The environment & social problems, causes,
and task forces faced with the poverty and task forces faced with the poverty
eradication process in six target districts.eradication process in six target districts.
II.II.Conclusion, Recommendation, Conclusion, Recommendation, Suggestions Suggestions
Research on the Linkages between environmentResearch on the Linkages between environmentAnd Poverty And Poverty
StudyStudy
On what is the environment issues On what is the environment issues
been obstacle to poverty eradicationbeen obstacle to poverty eradication
Case studyCase study on on Non-timber forestNon-timber forestProduct & povertyProduct & poverty
Case studyCase study on on Roads &Roads &povertypoverty
Case studyCase study on on
UXO & povertyUXO & poverty
Case studyCase study on on Water supply, Water supply, Sanitation &Sanitation &
PovertyPoverty
Output 1: Output 1: Guided policies Guided policies on sustainable and efficient on sustainable and efficient
use of natural resources use of natural resources to the NGPES processto the NGPES process
Study Study On what is the potential forOn what is the potential for
environment to be a significant environment to be a significant alternative for income generationalternative for income generation
Output 2: Output 2: Guided policies Guided policies on the NGPES process on the NGPES process to be harmonized to the to be harmonized to the
environment management environment management and cultural developmentand cultural development
Big picture of researchBig picture of research
II. Summary of five Cases Study . Summary of five Cases Study
ResultsResults 1.1 The Basic Interaction between 1.1 The Basic Interaction between
Environment and Poverty found from Environment and Poverty found from
five case studies five case studies
Environment is living needs, Environment is living needs,
living sustention of local people living sustention of local people
and other organism. and other organism.
Drinking Drinking
WaterWater
Air QualityAir Quality EnergyEnergy
Land for Land for Habitat & Habitat &
AgricultureAgriculture
FoodFood
Five basic livingFive basic livingneedsneeds
Living Need for local people from Environment
Environment represents natural products,
which contribute a substantial share of a
household’s food consumption, cash income
and other basic needs of local people:
• Material, constructionMaterial, construction equipment, goodsequipment, goods
(NTFPs),(NTFPs),
““foundation of foundation of direct and indirect income direct and indirect income
resource resource of local peopleof local people""
Income Income
sourcessources
GoodsGoods
Material Material
MedicinalMedicinal plantsplants
Energy Energy sourcessources
Construction Construction equipmentequipment
Subsistence Subsistence needsneeds
SSubsistence needsubsistence needs for local for local people from Environmentpeople from Environment
Environment represents future generations future generations and
robust natural ecology for the local people:
• Ecological balance: to ensure a sustainable Ecological balance: to ensure a sustainable
food chain (food web), energy chain, food chain (food web), energy chain,
hydrology cycle (water quality, quantity), soil hydrology cycle (water quality, quantity), soil
quality;quality;
• Welfare servicesWelfare services ;;
• Basic scienceBasic science--technology knowledge resourcetechnology knowledge resource;;
• Basic social Basic social evolutionevolution:: culture, tradition, culture, tradition,
traditional traditional --local knowledge. local knowledge.
Hydrology Hydrology
CycleCycle
OxygenOxygenCycleCycle
EnergyEnergy ChainChain KnowledgeKnowledge
Well BeingWell Being
Social Social
EvolutionEvolution
Food ChainFood Chain
EnvironmentEnvironment
Environment ensure the Environment ensure the balance of natural ecologybalance of natural ecology
The study concluded that there are both The study concluded that there are both
positive and negative interactionspositive and negative interactions between between
the environment & poverty. They are the environment & poverty. They are
interrelated and should be addressed jointly.interrelated and should be addressed jointly.
People depend on the services of the People depend on the services of the
environment (food, drinking water, Oenvironment (food, drinking water, O22, land , land
and etc..), for their basic living needs, and and etc..), for their basic living needs, and
are negatively impacted by pollution and are negatively impacted by pollution and
contamination from chemical, hazardous contamination from chemical, hazardous
waste etc..waste etc....
In an ideal state of natural balance, especially In an ideal state of natural balance, especially
balance between the activities of mankind and balance between the activities of mankind and
nature’s carrying capacity, nature can supply nature’s carrying capacity, nature can supply
the basic sthe basic subsistence needsubsistence needs of all local people of all local people
and can ensure the well-being of future and can ensure the well-being of future
generations and the surrounding ecology.generations and the surrounding ecology.
““Nature always changes, adapts, evolves , but Nature always changes, adapts, evolves , but
always reaches a sustainable balance” always reaches a sustainable balance”
2.2 The foundation contribution of the Environment to 2.2 The foundation contribution of the Environment to
the Poverty Eradication in six target districtsthe Poverty Eradication in six target districts
(1) Direct benefit: provision of the living, sustention, (1) Direct benefit: provision of the living, sustention,
ssubsistenceubsistence needsneeds to the surrounding poor people to the surrounding poor people
such as : food, drinking water, Osuch as : food, drinking water, O22, energy sources , energy sources
(esp. fire wood), medicine, construction material, (esp. fire wood), medicine, construction material,
natural product: NTFPs, biodiversities for foods natural product: NTFPs, biodiversities for foods
securities and public goods selling in the local securities and public goods selling in the local
markets.markets.
(2) Indirect benefit: well being, local (agricultural (2) Indirect benefit: well being, local (agricultural
activities) production sustention (soil quality, water activities) production sustention (soil quality, water
quality,)quality,)
Information resource: national strategy, biology 2004 from Information resource: national strategy, biology 2004 from Foppes and Ketphanh 2000a.Foppes and Ketphanh 2000a.
Family income from Family income from non-timber forest non-timber forest products (NTFPs) products (NTFPs)
((3). Basic income from non-timber forest products: 3). Basic income from non-timber forest products:
wildlife, fish, cardomom, rattan, bamboo sent to local wildlife, fish, cardomom, rattan, bamboo sent to local
market market
Dammar Resin11%
Bamboo Shoots
5%
Other NTFPs26%
Yang Oil4%
Sapan and Bong Bark
7%
Rattan7%
Cardomom16%
Fish13% Wildlife
11%
Family income Family income
• Living needs Living needs
• Family income Family income
Products from the Products from the natural environmentnatural environment
Agriculture-livestock Agriculture-livestock
products.products.
Direct contribution : timber, Direct contribution : timber,
non-timber forest product, non-timber forest product,
construction, medicine, food, construction, medicine, food,
and other. and other.
Indirect contribution: Indirect contribution: Water resources, quality Water resources, quality of land, air, natural of land, air, natural resources, disaster resources, disaster mitigation, and othermitigation, and other..
Environment contribute in Environment contribute in
poverty eradicationpoverty eradication
The results of five case studies shown that tThe results of five case studies shown that the poor people he poor people tend to have:tend to have:
• Insufficient drinking water supplied from a clean and Insufficient drinking water supplied from a clean and
reliable water supply system, e.g. in Phongsaly district reliable water supply system, e.g. in Phongsaly district
the water supply in the dry season is insufficient, but in the water supply in the dry season is insufficient, but in
the rainy seasonthe rainy season is high sediment loads impair the water is high sediment loads impair the water
qualityquality
• Poor sanitation: most people have toilets, but because of Poor sanitation: most people have toilets, but because of
insufficient water supply for sanitation, most people do insufficient water supply for sanitation, most people do
not use these facilities.not use these facilities.
1.3 1.3 The environment & social issues, causes and The environment & social issues, causes and task forces faced in the poverty eradication task forces faced in the poverty eradication process in six target districts.process in six target districts.
•Higher risk of disease (lack of water and Higher risk of disease (lack of water and sanitation, more frequent exposure to harmful sanitation, more frequent exposure to harmful smoke from solid fuel burning); Poor health (less smoke from solid fuel burning); Poor health (less access to medical services and having to hire out access to medical services and having to hire out labor); Income losses from illness (informal sector; labor); Income losses from illness (informal sector; self-employed; etc);self-employed; etc);
•Forest degradation in some areas, loss of natural Forest degradation in some areas, loss of natural potential for direct contribution (food, drinking potential for direct contribution (food, drinking water, NTFPs, biodiversity, etc.) and indirect water, NTFPs, biodiversity, etc.) and indirect contributioncontribution (well being service, water quality, soil (well being service, water quality, soil quality for agriculture, etc.), quality for agriculture, etc.),
The poor people:The poor people:•are more dependent on natural resources;are more dependent on natural resources;•have less arable land (paddy field & swidden)have less arable land (paddy field & swidden)•have fewer assets (savings) to cope with have fewer assets (savings) to cope with difficult times;difficult times;•have less education and skills for alternative have less education and skills for alternative income income generation, and are often more generation, and are often more economically isolated economically isolated (e.g. less road access);(e.g. less road access);•lack technical knowledge.lack technical knowledge.
The poor people:The poor people:are more affected by natural resource losses are more affected by natural resource losses
(agricultural land degradation, forest (agricultural land degradation, forest degradation and degradation and NTFP losses) and are NTFP losses) and are more vulnerable to shocks (drought, more vulnerable to shocks (drought, flooding flooding etc);etc);
women work harder than men;women work harder than men;have less financial resources to pay for quality have less financial resources to pay for quality
health services;health services;have less resources for averting behavior; have less resources for averting behavior; have fewer livestock associated with livestock have fewer livestock associated with livestock
disease;disease;
The main causes to the Environment -Poverty problemThe main causes to the Environment -Poverty problem• Most of the population in the six target districts lives Most of the population in the six target districts lives
in rural areas, in very small communities and in in rural areas, in very small communities and in
remote areas far from each other.remote areas far from each other.• They practice slash and burn agriculture, traditional They practice slash and burn agriculture, traditional
agriculture and livestock husbandry, fishing and agriculture and livestock husbandry, fishing and
harvest NTFPs for daily subsistence needs.harvest NTFPs for daily subsistence needs.• Infrastructure development such as : roads, access to Infrastructure development such as : roads, access to
markets, education facilities, health care, and markets, education facilities, health care, and
production promotion are difficult, limited and production promotion are difficult, limited and
expensive.expensive.• UXO problem, particularly in the Kaleum and UXO problem, particularly in the Kaleum and
Phouvong district.Phouvong district.
• Lack of appropriate technical support from relevant Lack of appropriate technical support from relevant sectors to transform natural, semi-natural sectors to transform natural, semi-natural
production to agriculture-livestock or market production to agriculture-livestock or market oriented production. Lack of technical knowledge oriented production. Lack of technical knowledge
and market information; and market information; • Lack of appropriate mechanism for NTFP and Lack of appropriate mechanism for NTFP and biodiversity use management: Lack of processing to biodiversity use management: Lack of processing to add value, so NTFPs are sold at a very low price to add value, so NTFPs are sold at a very low price to
the sub-regional markets; hence, NTFP traders have the sub-regional markets; hence, NTFP traders have incentives to overexploit the resources beyond the incentives to overexploit the resources beyond the
maximum sustainable yields. maximum sustainable yields. • Pressure from sub-regional markets.Pressure from sub-regional markets.
The main task forces of The main task forces of environment and social problemsenvironment and social problems
• The poverty without other The poverty without other
appropriate alternatives for their appropriate alternatives for their
livelihoodslivelihoods• Poor management and subvention Poor management and subvention
of relevant sectors of relevant sectors
Target district
sEnvironment Indicators Social indicators Poverty indicators
Target districts
Total L
and area (ha.)
Forest C
over (%)
Paddy field (ha)
Deforestation rate (%
) (average annual ha change 1990-2000)
Total villages
Total population
Total households
Poverty rank
Total poor household (%
)
Total poor villages (%
)
Household w
ith no paddy field (%)
Total villages w
ith no electricity (%)
Total villages w
ith no school (%)
Total villages w
ith no health care (%)
Total V
illages with no roads access (%
)
Market access
Total villages w
ith no safe water supply (%
)
Villages w
ith no an improved sanitation facilities (%
)
Kaleum 369,750 90 182 0.03 62 10,732 1810 2 96 100 32 100 40.5 115 36.5 limited 93.1 97
Phouvong 351,600 83 1,504 0.02 52 8,322 1869 3 92 100 23 100 60 80 96 limited 92 100
Namor 397,000 23 4,973 0.14 85 29,673 5082 38 55 86 18 94.1 31.3 53.4 47.5 good 85 77
Nhot Ou 331,800 70 2,191 0.07 86 26,841 4328 39 55 100 14 77.8 16.1 36 65.5less good 100 100
Lamam 191,500 82 2,952 0.12 44 26,861 4045 35 35 36.4 7 27 31.9 good 57 73
Phongsaly 231400 81 2973 0.06 96 24487 4518 60 12 73.9 16 13 50 good 39 77
Linkages between forest (NTFPs) and povertyLinkages between forest (NTFPs) and poverty Linkages between forest (NTFPs) and poverty
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Kaleum Phouvong Namor Nhot Ou Lamam Phongsaly
Total poor household (%) Forest Cover (%)
Deforestation Deforestation
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.14
Kaleum Phouvong Namor Nhot Ou Lamam Phongsaly
Deforestation rate
Deforestation rate (%) (average annual ha change 1990-2000)
Linkages between road supply and povertyLinkages between road supply and poverty
Linkages between roads and poverty
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Kaleum Phouvong Namor Nhot Ou Lamam Phongsaly
Total poor household (%) Total Villages w ith no roads access (%)
Linkages between water supply and Linkages between water supply and povertypoverty
Linkages between water supply and poverty
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Kaleum Phouvong Namor Nhot Ou Lamam Phongsaly
Total poor household (%) Total villages with no safe water supply (% )
Linkages between sanitation and Linkages between sanitation and povertypoverty
Linkages between sanitation and poverty
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Kaleum Phouvong Namor Nhot Ou Lamam Phongsaly
Total poor household (%) Villages with no an improved sanitation facilities (%)
Linkages between Environment, Social and Poverty indicators
Target districts
Forest C
over (%)
Total poor
household (%)
Total villages w
ith school (%
)
Household w
ith paddy field (%
)
Total villages w
ith electricity (%
)
Total villages w
ith health care (%
)
Total V
illages with
roads access (%)
Total villages w
ith safe w
ater supply (%
)
Villages w
ith an im
proved sanitation facilities (%
)
Market access
Kaleum 90 96.4 50.5 68 1 5 65.5 6.9 3 limited
Phouvong 83 92.1 40 77 1 20 4 8 1 Limited
Namor 23 55 68.7 82 6 46.6 52.5 15 23 good
Nhot Ou 70 54.9 83.9 86 3 64 34.5 6 1 less good
Lamam 82 34.5 93 65 63.6 73 72.1 43 27 good
Phongsaly 81 60 84 88 27 87 50 61 23 good
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Kaleum (limited market)
Phouvong (limited market)
Namor (goodmarket)
Nhot Ou (lessgood market)
Lamam (goodmarket)
Phongsaly (good market)
Total poor household (%) Forest Cover (%)
Total Villages with roads access (%) Total villages with safe water supply (% )
Villages with an improved sanitation facilities (%) Household with paddy field (%)
Total villages with health care (%) Total villages with school (%)
Total villages with electricity (%)
Environment, Social and Poverty indicators
result
Forest and N
TF
Ps
potential
Total poor
household
Education
paddy field
Electricity
health problems
Roads netw
ork
Safe w
ater supply
Deforestation rates
UX
O problem
Improved sanitation
facilities
Market access
Local people livelihood
Group A High high poor poorpoor
high poor poor - fair less high Poor limited poor
Group B Less less fair fairpoor
fair fair fair high less Fair good less poor
Linkages between Environment, facilities and poverty
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Group A: Kaleum & Phouvong Group B: Namor, Nhot OU, Lamam & Phongsaly
Total poor household
Group A: Kaleum & Phouvong Group B: Namor, Nhot OU, Lamam & Phongsaly
Linkage between poverty and environment
NTFP Case Study Roads Case Study UXO Case Study RWSS Case Study UrWSS Case Study
NTFPs case study had studied about the natural/NTFPs potential existing in their rounding environment associates with poverty, concerning other four case studies had contributed to study about the facilities and socio-economic incentives of income generation for the poor people existing in their environment and together all five case studies identified the appropriate
alternatives for NTFPs sustainable use, income generation and poverty eradication, stop shifting cultivation and stop opium production.
NTFP basic need to income eneration
Look at roads networks Look at UXO problemLook at water & sanitation problem
in rural areasLook at water & sanitation problem in
urban areas
Poverty eradication
Stop shifting cultivation
Stop opium production
NTFP Loss
Facility need and socio-economic incentives for sustainable income generation
Roads Access Look at roads access
Access to Market Look at market access
Health problems Look at Health problems Look at health problem associated with water quality, quantity and available in rural areas
Look at health problem associated with water quality, quantity and available in urban areas
Alternative for NTFP Sustainable Use and Poverty Eradication (production and legislation)One District One Product – livelihood alternative : identified the most economic value NTFP oriented to the market (local tea, coffee,.. ), medicinal plan, ecotourism, Ethnic
Knowledge,
Need policy support: Increase paddy field Increase livestock holdings Solve livestock disease problems Provide funding mechanism to increase livestock holdings Re-do Land Allocation Make cash cropping reliable (e.g. price guarantees for promoted crops) Provide roads/access to markets Provide better schools Improve village medical care (train village medic, provide medical kit, etc.) Provide clean water supply Provide electricity Policy price Technical training & education for children
Linkages between five case studies
Summary of problems associated with poverty
Poverty indicators
Problems Associatedwith Poverty
Primary Causes of Poverty
Secondary Causes of Poverty
Perceived Solutions to Poverty
1.lack of food, (inability to provide 2,100 calories per person per day),2.insufficient rice,3.few livestock, 4.lack of clothing, 5.lack of permanent accommodation,6.inability to afford fees for medical treatment in case of illness, 7.inability to afford payment for education of family members, 8.lack of condition for convenient communication and9.problem market access.
Be more dependent on natural resources;Have less arable land (paddy field & swidden)Have less assets (savings) to cope with difficult times;Have less education and skills for alternative income generation, and are often more economically isolated (e.g. less road access);Therefore more affected by natural resource losses (agricultural land degradation, forest degradation and NTFP losses) and are more vulnerable to shocks (drought, flooding etc);Higher risk of disease (lack of water and sanitation, more frequently exposed to harmful smoke from solid fuel burning);Poor health (less access to medical services and having to hire out labour, income losses from illness (informal sector; self-employed; etc));Women work harder than men;Less financial resources to pay for quality health services;Less resources for averting behavior; Few livestock associated with Livestock disease;Lack of technical knowledge
Land problems (insufficiency, poor quality, low returns to labor, soil depletion)Lack of investment money to pay for rice while improvements are being madeLivestock diseasePests and natural disasters Environmental degradation
Lack of village leadership & initiativeRelocationInsufficient health servicesToo many childrenLack of commercial skillsInsufficient educationLack of government assistanceLow pricesPoverty is inherited from parentsLack of roads, no access to marketsIll-health & low labour capacityOpium addictionIncome cannot keep pace with rising costs (inflation) UXOs Theft
NTFPs management & development as Increase land availability & resolve rice cultivation issuesIncrease livestock holdingsSolve livestock disease problemsProvide funding mechanism to increase livestock holdingsDevelop paddies that functionRe-do Land AllocationMake cash cropping reliable (e.g. price guarantees for promoted crops)Provide roads/access to marketsProvide better schoolsImprove village medical care (train village medic, provide medical kit, etc.)Provide clean water supplyProvide electricity
II. ConclusionsII. Conclusions• Natural resources as forest and NTFP are key components for food
security and income generation for rural poor people, especially for those, who are currently engaged in shifting cultivation practices and opium production.
• In addition, NTFPs are being recognized as having the potential to be an important livelihood alternative in the NGPES. Given their substantial share of people’s livelihooda, NTFP also have high potential to contribute to NGPES, shifting cultivation stabilization, stopping opium production, and promoting the government policy on “One District One Product” while also providing incentives for forest conservation.
• Forest, NTFPs, and poverty issues are all interconnected. To solve one, one must understand all. However, under NGPES, stopping shifting cultivation and opium production will also require different appropriate socio-economic incentives and facilities such as roads access, good markets, education (technical training, information providing), health care, safe water system, agro-forest promotions, government financial intervention and others.
• The Lao Government has recognized the socio-economic development potential of natural resources, especially NTFPs, and, therefore, the Government has developed an appropriate policy framework, but it has not developed the relevant legal framework. The lack of important elements, such as clear legal practical guidelines and its enforcement, an appropriate sustainable development system, support services, and insufficient institutional capacity and resources, have been the main constraints.
• If these constraints and the increase demand on natural NTFP are not addressed, there is no doubt that NTFP will continue to decline and potentially diminish in the near future. As a result, more risk for the poor is foreseen.
RECOMMENDATIONS In addition to a number of challenges and constraints, there are many opportunities for sustainable management of NTFPs:
1. To enable the promotion sustainable NTFP management and utilization, it is essential to enhance the relevant legal framework by development and dissemination of missing practical guidelines, and consolidation of the existing scattered and inconsistent regulations;
2. Within the enhanced legal framework, sustainable NTFP management systems should be developed and tested in coordination with land use planning and village consolidation, and using community-based approaches. Implementation of appropriate systems should then be expanded by the recently restructured DAFEO as part of district agriculture and forestry development plans and village development plans, practiced collectively or individually in the allocated village forests, with a close supervision and technical assistance by DAFOE staff. NTFP harvest should be based on a community based sustainable harvesting plan, which is based on the results of NTFP assessment.
3. In addition, NTFP cultivation should be strongly promoted in conjunction to market demand by integrating NTFP species as elements of integrated upland farming systems and by planting suitable NTFP species to enrich fallows and degraded forests. Focus should be given to forest species.
4. In connection to the above, market development and promotion for NTFP should also be given high attention. This can be done by establishing NTFP marketing and information network; controlling illegal trade and unsustainable practices, and processing NTFP for the benefit of the value added. All these should go in conjunction with community organizing (marketing group) and local capacity building. To support all these objectives, NTFP research and extension enhancement are essential.
5. Through the accomplishment of these objectives, NTFP will certainly contribute a substantial part in solving problems related to poverty eradication, especially helping relieve tension and solve problems for people in the transitional phase of village relocation and shifting cultivation stabilization, while other livelihood alternatives are on the way.
6. NTFPs management and development as one key component of:• rural family economy and also national economy, where they are
especially undervalued but contain great potential for industrial development;
• vital provider of food security, other basic needs for fodder, medicines, construction materials, and other items;
• they are potential source of income for poor households;• NTFPs contribute to sustainable livelihood by their diversity ;• NTFPs make conservation more acceptable to local government with multiple goals;• NTFPs provide strong economic incentives for participatory forest conservation ;• NTFPs are future possibilities
7. To promote “One District One Product” – livelihood alternative : identified the most economic value NTFP oriented to the market (local tea, coffee,.. ), medicinal plan, ecotourism, Ethnic Knowledge;
8. Need policy support and intervention from Government:• Increase paddy field; • Increase livestock holdings;• Solve livestock disease problems;• Provide funding mechanism to increase livestock holdings;• Re-do land allocation;• Make cash cropping reliable (e.g. price guarantees for promoted crops);• Provide roads/access to markets and transportation;• Provide clean water supply systems;• Improve village medical care (train village medic, provide medical kit, etc.);• Provide electricity;• Technical training & fertilizers provision;• Education facilities for children;• Specific legal framework.
The implementation process of the National Growth and The implementation process of the National Growth and
Poverty Eradication Strategy (NGPES) should place emphasis Poverty Eradication Strategy (NGPES) should place emphasis
on the promotion of sustainable growth, coupled with on the promotion of sustainable growth, coupled with
continuous social progress and equity, and should highlight continuous social progress and equity, and should highlight
four key sectors: agriculture, roads, health and education. It four key sectors: agriculture, roads, health and education. It
also has to take into consideration environment management, also has to take into consideration environment management,
especially natural resources management (timber products, especially natural resources management (timber products,
NTFPs, biodiversity, etc…) to ensure food security, living NTFPs, biodiversity, etc…) to ensure food security, living
needs, family subsistence needs, and economically optimal and needs, family subsistence needs, and economically optimal and
sustainable use. sustainable use.
SuggestionsSuggestions
Have to conduct NTFPs assessment, control illegal trade, unsustainable Have to conduct NTFPs assessment, control illegal trade, unsustainable
practices, elimination of shifting cultivation with an appropriate promotion practices, elimination of shifting cultivation with an appropriate promotion
of:of:
Highlighting NTFPs in rural development alternatives (village Highlighting NTFPs in rural development alternatives (village
development plan); development plan);
NTFP cultivation, processing for value added, cost benefit analyses NTFP cultivation, processing for value added, cost benefit analyses
and appropriate technology transformation; and appropriate technology transformation;
Strengthening policy, institutional and legal framework for Strengthening policy, institutional and legal framework for
sustainable NTFP management, utilization and marketing by sustainable NTFP management, utilization and marketing by
community organizing (marketing group) for NTFPs management, community organizing (marketing group) for NTFPs management,
and development of missing practical guidelines, and consolidation of and development of missing practical guidelines, and consolidation of
the existing scattered and inconsistent regulations; establishing NTFP the existing scattered and inconsistent regulations; establishing NTFP
coordinating body;coordinating body;
Providing local capacity building through setting up the NTFP Providing local capacity building through setting up the NTFP
marketing and information, research network and extension. marketing and information, research network and extension.
Thank Thank
youyou
