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Summarized Report of Survey of Energy Saving System and

Overseas Comparison in Hot-Humid Zone, 2016

Introduction Okinawa depends on imported fossil fuel for energy. The increasing number of residents and tourists would

acceralate energy consumption in Okinawa. It is necessary to save energy consumed in buildings and facilities

for sustainable energy supply and restraint of climate change.

This is a project to survey present stuations of energy consumption, energy saving technology, operation and

control of building system and retrofit system of ESCO for energy saving in business use buildings in a hot and

humid zone, Okinawa. The same items are aslo surveyed in the main land of Japan and Hawaii to compare with

Okinawa to examine the problems and the countermeasures of energy saving system in hot-humid zones.

It is an additional purpose of this project to extract the problems in the overseas business development of

energy saving technologies from Okinawa. This is also expected to contribute to “Hawaii-Okinawa Partnership

on Clean and Efficient Energy Development and Deployment” promoted by Japan and the United States

government, Okinawa prefecture and the state of Hawaii from the energy saving sector.

Outline of Survey (A) Questionnaire survey of present energy consumption in business use buildings in Okinawa

Quesionnaire survey of energy consumption, building system, retrofit for energy saving and consciousness of

energy saving of hotels, hospitals, factories, public facilities and schools in Okinawa.

(B) Direct hearing of energy from advanced energy saving buildings in Okinawa

Direct hearing of detailed energy consumption, building system, management of energy from the buildings

that are regarded as advanced energy saving buildings in the survey (A).

(C) Direct hearing of energy at advanced energy saving business use buildings in Tokyo

Direct hearing of the same items as (B) from advanced energy saving hotels and hospitals in Tokyo.

(D) Survey of present energy consumption in business use buildings after ESCO project

Quesionnaire survey and direct hearing of ESCO projects of retrofitted buildings by ESCO and examination

of feasible conditions of ESCO project in Okinawa.

(E) Survey of needs and motivation of ESCO related organizations in Okinawa

Direct hearing of ESCO from design and consrtruction, Financial and maintenance companies in Okinawa.

(F) Survey of present energy consumption in business use buildings and ESCO in Hawaii Direct hearing of energy consumption and energy saving of public buildings and hotels in Hawaii.

(G) Comparison of energy saving rules/regulations in Okinawa, Japan and Hawaii, USA

Comparisons of rules/regulations and subsidy related to energy saving in Okinawa, Japan and Hawaii, USA,

and extraction of problems in the overseas business development on the basis of the comparison.

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Results of Survey (1) Number of Samples in the Surveys [ (A), (B), (C), (D), (E), (F) ]

Office Bldg. Hotel School Public Bidg. Factrory Commercial Hospital (A) Okinawa 5 12 3 10 7 8 9 (B) Okinawa 6 1 3 (C) Tokyo 2 1

(D) Okinawa 1 2 1 1 3 (F) Hawaii 1 5 (E) Okinawa Design and Construction of Bldg. System 3， Financial Service 3， Bldg. Maintenance 3

(2) Electricity and Gas Consumption Data [ (A), (B), (F) ] - Electricity consumptions are almost proportional to total floor areas except some factories and a hospital.

- Gas is used for cooking, hot water supply and air conditioning in Okinawa, but no AC was found in Hawaii.

Annual Electricity Consumption and Total Floor Area Anual Gas Consumption and Total Floor Area

(3) Comparison between Electric Energy Consumption in Okinawa and that in Hawaii [ (A), (B), (F) ] - Single peaks in summer are clear in Okinawa data that are the averages of samples of each building type.

- Almost flat data of Hawaii are thought to be made by the clamate and the management of air conditioning.

Annual Fluctuations of Monthly Electric Energy Consumption in Okinawa and Hawaii

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(4) Oil Used in Buildings [ (A), (B), (C), (F) ] - Kerosine is used for in-house power generation and hot water supply in hotels and hospitals in Okinawa.

- Kerosine is also used for in-house power generation in Hawaii in case of emergency.

(5) Energy Saving Design of Building Envelope and Building System [ (A), (B), (F) ] - Most of buildings in Okinawa are not energy saving design, outside insulation on rooftop is adopted in Hawaii.

- Most of hot water supplyers are not energy saving type, but other equipments are somewhat advanced type.

- Packaged type room air conditioners are popular in Okinawa and central heat source system is used in Hawaii.

- Air temp. is set 72F throughout the year in Hawaii, but AC is used seasonally in Okinawa with higher temp.

Thermal Performance of Building Envelope Energy Saving Appliances in Building Sytem

Air Conditioning System in Okinawa Buildings (including multiple responses)

Air Conditioning Days and Setting Temperature Awareness of Advanced Air Conditioning System

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(6) Action and Consciousnes of Energy Saving [ (A), (B), (C), (F) ] - Energy Saving actions are more popular in Okinawa than Hawaii, but there are some misunderstandings.

- Energy saving is understood from social aspect in Okinawa, and mainly from econimoical aspect in Hawaii.

Energy Saving Actions in Okinawa Consciousness of Energy Saving in Okinawa

(7) Retrofit of Buildings for Energy Saving and ESCO System [ (A), (B), (C), (D), (E), (F), (G) ] - Hotels avoid ESCO system for retrofit because of complicated accounting and poor flexibility of building use.

- ESCO sytem in Hawaii includes tax process and it makes very difficult to apply ESCO to private buildings.

- Most of financial, building design and building maintenance companies do not understand ESCO system.

Retrofit for Energy Saving in (A) Okinawa Survey < ( ) is the number of samples>

Retrofit Plan In the Near Future (5) In 5 years (3) In Ten years (2)

Consideration (1) Done (14)

No Plan

(16)

Retrofit Item

Boiler, Refrigerator (2) A.C., Lighting (1) Refridgerator (1) New construct

(1)

Subsidy Need (2), Hope (1) Need (2), Hope (1) Hope (2) Hope (2) ESCO Hope (1) Need (1) Hope (1)

Results of ESCO Projects in (D) Okinawa Survey Average Age of Bldg. 30 years Average Electric Energy before ESCO 8.375GWh/year Average Total Floor 35,159 m2 Average Total Energy Before ESCO 84.044TJ/year Successful Conditions of ESCO Projects in Okinawa Total Floor Area Over 10,000 m2 Age of Bldg. Over 10 years Energy Consumption Over 10TJ/year for hospital, hotel, public facility，Over 50TJ/year for others

Discussion and Proposal * The following ploblens are found in energy saving system of business buildings in Okinawa.

- Management of various energy technology adopted in buildings with long term vision is difficult to achieve.

- Energy saving devices of buildings and energy equipments like hot water supply are not well considered yet.

- Energy management engineers are not treated well and practical decision making system is not clear.

- Consciousness of energy saving is positive, but it is difficult to set the objective of correct energy consumption.

* The following proposals are listed from the results of this project.

- Spread of existing regulations of energy saving performance and certification system of the performance and

supporting design tool of buildings, and development of more practical system and supporting technology.

- Examination of present ESCO system, and then development and spread of more flexible and practical system.

- Training of energy engineers with practical knowledge and technology from building design to management.

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