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Study of a Direct Conversion of Wind Energy into Electricity
Elodie VerzeroliPHD Directors: Serge Della Negra (IPNO) / Bernard Rasser (Orsay Group)
11/05/2016 1PHENIICS Doctoral School Day 2016
11/05/2016 PHENIICS Doctoral School Day 2016 2
1. State of the Art
2. Principle / How does it work?
3. Charged Particle Production
4. Prototype Design
5. Some Results and Perspectives
Table of Contents
What is Wind Energy?
• The wind is a form of solar energy
• Irregular but with a strong potential
• Wind turbine converts wind energy into electricity
11/05/2016 PHENIICS Doctoral School Day 2016 3
• What are the Wind turbine limits ?Cut-out speed (usually 25 m/s)
Noise pollution
High cost + High maintenance
How to solve these issues ?
State of the Art | Principle | Particle Production | Prototype | Results and Perspectives
Current Wind Turbines
11/05/2016 PHENIICS Doctoral School Day 2016 4
Wind turbine farm in Saint-Félix-Lauragais
Haute Garonne (2011) Offshore wind turbine farm in Denmark
Siemens, 2013
Floating vertical axis wind turbineVERTIWIND Project
Wind Kinetic Energy
Mechanical Energy
Electrical Energy
Rotating Blades
Electrical Generator
State of the Art | Principle | Particle Production | Prototype | Results and Perspectives
What about a Bladeless system ?
11/05/2016 PHENIICS Doctoral School Day 2016 5
Wind Kinetic Energy
Mechanical Energy
Electrical Energy
State of the Art | Principle | Particle Production | Prototype | Results and Perspectives
What about a Bladeless system ?
11/05/2016 PHENIICS Doctoral School Day 2016 6
Wind Kinetic Energy
Mechanical Energy
Electrical Energy
Direct Conversion
State of the Art | Principle | Particle Production | Prototype | Results and Perspectives
Prototype from Delft University
Wind against an Electric Field
How does this work ?
11/05/2016 PHENIICS Doctoral School Day 2016 7
State of the Art | Principle | Particle Production | Prototype | Results and Perspectives
1Particle attracted by the negative
electrode2
If we add the Wind drag force in the
opposite direction of the Electric force
• U-turn of the particle if ||𝐹𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑|| < ||𝐹𝐸||• Loss of the charged particle
Collector
D
4
Collector
• Collector potential V+ rises ||𝐸|| rises
• Works as long as ||𝐹𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑|| > ||𝐹𝐸||
D
3
How would it look like ?
11/05/2016 PHENIICS Doctoral School Day 2016 8
System with a collector
++
++
+++
++++++
Isolated system without a collector
------
+ +
+ ++
+
State of the Art | Principle | Particle Production | Prototype | Results and Perspectives
How can you obtain charged particles ?
11/05/2016 PHENIICS Doctoral School Day 2016 9
State of the Art | Principle | Particle Production | Prototype | Results and Perspectives
• Efficient creation of charged particles with suitable properties• Liquid particles no need for recycling • Production of a large number of particles at very low energy consumption
What do we need?
How can you obtain charged particles ?
11/05/2016 PHENIICS Doctoral School Day 2016 10
State of the Art | Principle | Particle Production | Prototype | Results and Perspectives
• Efficient creation of charged particles with suitable properties• Liquid particles no need for recycling • Production of a large number of particles at very low energy consumption
EHDA (Electro-Hydro-Dynamic Atomization)
An EHDA exampleFrom DBV technologie
EHDA PrincipleCharged droplets created at the apex
From Cloupeau “Research on Wind Energy Conversion”
What do we need?
What are the limitations ?
11/05/2016 PHENIICS Doctoral School Day 2016 11
• Reducing the ion mobility µ = f( q , d)• Controlling the particle size: monodisperse particles or a stable sized distribution • For liquid particles the Rayleigh limit
• Evaporation of liquid during flight decrease of the particle size• Collisions between charged and neutral particles in air fragmentation / neutralization
Instability of a dropletat the Rayleigh limit
Denis Duft,and al.𝑞𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 2𝜋 ∗ 2𝛾𝜀0 ∗ 𝑑
3
Ensure better coupling between particles and the windMulti-Injectors system
State of the Art | Principle | Particle Production | Prototype | Results and Perspectives
Electrospray Experiments
11/05/2016 PHENIICS Doctoral School Day 2016 12
State of the Art | Principle | Particle Production | Prototype | Results and Perspectives
Charged particles emitted from a cone
Glass capillary with a metallic wire inside
1
Grounded target
Electrospray Experiments
11/05/2016 PHENIICS Doctoral School Day 2016 13
State of the Art | Principle | Particle Production | Prototype | Results and Perspectives
Charged particles emitted from a cone
Glass capillary with a metallic wire inside
1
Grounded target
2
Grounded target
Electrospray Experiments
11/05/2016 PHENIICS Doctoral School Day 2016 14
State of the Art | Principle | Particle Production | Prototype | Results and Perspectives
Charged particles emitted from a cone
Glass capillary with a metallic wire inside
1
Grounded target
2
Grounded target
3
Grounded target
Electrospray Experiments
11/05/2016 PHENIICS Doctoral School Day 2016 15
State of the Art | Principle | Particle Production | Prototype | Results and Perspectives
Charged particles emitted from a cone
Glass capillary with a metallic wire inside
1
Grounded target
2
Grounded target
3
Grounded target
4
Grounded target
Prototype Design
11/05/2016 PHENIICS Doctoral School Day 2016 16
State of the Art | Principle | Particle Production | Prototype | Results and Perspectives
Prototype Design
11/05/2016 PHENIICS Doctoral School Day 2016 17
State of the Art | Principle | Particle Production | Prototype | Results and Perspectives
Prototype Design
11/05/2016 PHENIICS Doctoral School Day 2016 18
State of the Art | Principle | Particle Production | Prototype | Results and Perspectives
Prototype Design
11/05/2016 PHENIICS Doctoral School Day 2016 19
State of the Art | Principle | Particle Production | Prototype | Results and Perspectives
<Pout > Pin
Some Results: The EWICON Project
11/05/2016 PHENIICS Doctoral School Day 2016 20
State of the Art | Principle | Particle Production | Prototype| Results and Perspectives
Outputs of the Electrostatic Wind Energy Converter project led at Delft University
Number of Electrospray
Nozzles
Pin Pmax Wind Pin + Pmax Wind PoutWind
Conversion Yield
1 1 mW 264 mW 265 mW 3.1 mW 1.17 %
6 1.5 mW 1584 mW 1585.5 mW 12.5 mW 0.79 %
= PoutPin+ Pmax wind
= Power Supplies HV+
Pump
<Pout > Pin
>>
Pmax wind >> Pout
Some Results: The EWICON Project
11/05/2016 PHENIICS Doctoral School Day 2016 21
State of the Art | Principle | Particle Production | Prototype| Results and Perspectives
Outputs of the Electrostatic Wind Energy Converter project led at Delft University
Number of Electrospray
Nozzles
Pin Pmax Wind Pin + Pmax Wind PoutWind
Conversion Yield
1 1 mW 264 mW 265 mW 3.1 mW 1.17 %
6 1.5 mW 1584 mW 1585.5 mW 12.5 mW 0.79 %
= PoutPin+ Pmax wind
= Power Supplies HV+
Pump
LOW YIELD !
Next Steps
11/05/2016 PHENIICS Doctoral School Day 2016 22
State of the Art | Principle | Particle Production | Prototype| Results and Perspectives
To be improved How ?
Increasing the wind conversion yield Decreasing the ion mobility
Removing the interaction between the injector nozzles
Designing better shieldingStudying extraction simulations
A new prototype is being designed to improve these points
Other possibilities
11/05/2016 PHENIICS Doctoral School Day 2016 23
Van de Graaff Generator
Pelletron Generator from NEC (ANDROMEDE Project)
Wind Energy Convertor
State of the Art | Principle | Particle Production | Prototype| Results and Perspectives
A new kind of Van de Graaff !
PHENIICS Doctoral School Day 201611/05/2016
The Dream Team !
24
THANK YOU !
PHENIICS Doctoral School Day 201611/05/2016
The Dream Team !
25
THANK YOU !
Recoverable Power
11/05/2016 PHENIICS Doctoral School Day 2016 26
For a given wind speed
Vcollector (V)
Time (s)
Transient State
Vcollector MAX
Vcollector
Steady State
||𝐹𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑|| > ||𝐹𝐸||
||𝐹𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑|| < ||𝐹𝐸||
||𝐹𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑|| = ||𝐹𝐸||