Study Notes_Excel Data Analysis Tools

8/6/2019 Study Notes_Excel Data Analysis Tools

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Complied by Prof. Landicho for COMP2AC, DLSU 1st Term AY 2011-2012 Page 1

EXCELS DATA ANALYSIS TOOLS

I. DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICSA. Histogramdetermines and graphs individual and cumulative frequencies for a one variable

data set.B. Descriptive Statisticsgenerates a report of the values for 16 descriptive statistics such as

the mean, median, mode, standard deviation, range, skewness and kurtosis for a onevariable data set.

C. Rank and Percentileproduces a table of the ordinal and percentage rank of each value ina one variable data set.

II. HYPOTHESIS TESTINGA. t-Test: Two Sample Assuming Unequal Variancesperforms a t-test on two independent

samples to determine if the difference in the two population means is equal to a specifiedvalue (such as zero). This test is conducted under the condition that the two populationvariances are not known to be equal.

B. t-Test: Two Sample Assuming Equal Variancesperforms a t-test on two independentsamples to determine if the difference in the two population means is equal to a specifiedvalue (such as zero). This test is conducted under the condition that the two unknownpopulation variances are known to be equal.

C. z-Test: Two Sample for Meansperforms a z-test on two independent samples todetermine if the difference in the two population means is equal to a specified value (suchas zero). This test is conducted under the condition that the values of the two populationvariances are known, or the sample sizes are large so the normal distribution can be used toapproximate the t distribution.

D. t-Test: Paired Two Sample for Meansperforms a t-test on two paired (matched) samplesto determine if the mean of the differences between the two population is equal to aspecified values (such as zero).

E. F-Test: Two-Sample for Variancesperforms an F-test on two independent samples todetermine if two population variances equal.

III. REGRESSION AND CORRELATIONA. Covariancecreates a table of covariance values for all possible pairs of 2 or more

independent variables.B. Correlationcreates a table of correlation coefficients for all possible pairs of 2 or more

independent variables.C. Regressionperforms a simple linear regression analysis or a multiple regression analysis

with up to 16 independent variables.D. TIME SERIES FORECASTINGE. Moving Averageprojects a time series based on the moving averages smoothing method.

F. Exponential Smoothingprojects a time series based on the simple exponential smoothingmethod.


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Definitions

FORMULA - A formula is an equation that analyzes data on your worksheet. Formulas perform

calculations such as addition or multiplication; formulas can also combine values. In Excel, all formulasbegin with an equal sign (=) and are followed by the data the formula calculates.

FORMULA SYNTAX - the structure or order of the formula elements. All formulas begin with an equalsign (=) followed by operands (the data to be calculated) and the operators. Operands can be valuesthat don't change (constants), a range reference, a label, a name, or a worksheet function.

FORMULA BAR - an area located at the top of the worksheet window that is used to enter or editvalues or formulas in cells or charts. The formula bar displays the constant value or formula in theactive cell. To display or hide the formula bar, click Formula Bar on the View menu

ORDER OF PRECEDENCE - Formulas are calculated left to right, using order of precedence, unless

the use of parentheses changes the order of calculation.Example: = 10 + 10*4 or = (10+10)*4

Excel performs operations in the order shown in the following table. If a formula contains operatorswith the same order of precedence, Excel evaluates the operators from left to right. For example, if youenter the formula, 7 + 7 5, the calculation is performed left to right since both + and have the sameprecedence. If you enter the formula, 7 + 7 * 5, Excel performs the multiplication first since * has ahigher precedence than +.To change the order of evaluation, enclose the part of the formula to be calculated first in parentheses.

FUNCTION - a predefined formula that performs calculations by using specific values in a particularorder. The values used in the function are called arguments (see below) and these arguments mustappear in a specific order. For example, the AVERAGE function calculates the average of severalvalues or arguments.


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ARGUMENTS - can be numbers, text, logical values, such as TRUE or FALSE, arrays, error valuessuch as #N/A, or cell references. The argument you designate must produce a valid value for thatargument. Arguments can also be constants, formulas, or other functions.

FUNCTION SYNTAX - The syntax of a function begins with the function name, followed by an opening

parenthesis, the arguments for the function separated by commas, and a closing parenthesis. If the

function starts a formula, an equal sign (=) displays before the function name.

Example: SUM (D2..F8)In the above example, the function name is "SUM" and the argument for the function is the range

"D2..F8".

FORMULA PALETTE - a tool that helps you create or edit a formula and also provides information

about functions and their arguments. The palette appears below the formula bar when you click the Edit

Formula button on the formula bar (=) or the Paste Function button ( ) on the Standard toolbar.

ADD-INS - programs that provide optional Excel commands and features. To make add-ins available,

you must first install the add-in and then load it. Once an add-in is loaded, it is available within Excel.

Add-ins might place additional commands on Excel menus.

Add-ins uses a lot of memory so unload add-ins you do not use often. Unloading an add-in only

removes its features and commands from Excel. Unloading does not delete the add-in since the files

are still available and can be reloaded since the add-in remains on your computer.

A list of all add-ins automatically installed when you install Excel are available in the Help menu. Select

Help and click Contents and Index. Enter add-in programs, installing and select Components

installed with Microsoft Excel. You can also use Visual Basic programs as custom add-ins

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Study Notes_Excel Data Analysis Tools