Students-Pull out Learning logs

-We will do 2 questions then I will check-80% = 15

-Trouble in Paradise paper – due tomorrow

-Phones in bin…muted or off…please & thank you

Essential QuestionsLO 1.14 The student is able to pose scientific questions that correctly identify essential properties of shared, core life processes that provide insights into the history of life on Earth. LO 1.15 The student is able to describe specific examples of conserved core biological processes and features shared by all domains or within one domain of life, and how these shared, conserved core processes and features support the concept of common ancestry for all organisms.LO 1.16 The student is able to justify the scientific claim that organisms share many conserved core processes and features that evolved and are widely distributed among organisms today. LO 1.27 The student is able to describe a scientific hypothesis about the origin of life on Earth. LO 1.28 The student is able to evaluate scientific questions based on hypotheses about the origin of life on Earth.LO 1.29 The student is able to describe the reasons for revisions of scientific hypotheses of the origin of life on Earth. LO 1.30 The student is able to evaluate scientific hypotheses about the origin of life on Earth.

More Essential QuestionsLO 1.31 The student is able to evaluate the accuracy and legitimacy of data to answer scientific questions about the origin of life on Earth. LO 1.32 The student is able to justify the selection of geological, physical, and chemical data that reveal early Earth conditions.

Ch 26: The Tree of Life-An Intro to Biological Diversity

1. What do you know about the origins of life on Earth?- Earth is 4.6 billion yrs old (byo)- Oldest rocks – 3.8 byo – Greenland- Oldest fossils – 3.5 byo

2. How was primitive Earth different than current Earth?- Little O2, much H2O, CH4, CO, CO2, N2

- Lightning- Volcanic activity- UV radiation- Meteorite bombardment

3. How do we get “the living” from “the non-living?”- 1920’s Oparin & Haldane postulated early Earth favored rxns that

formed organic cmpds from inorganic cmpds- 1953 Miller-Urey experiment test Oparin & Haldane’s hypothesis

Students-Trouble in Paradise paper – in box

-LL pictures sent? – get LL stamped

-Tomorrow – early release-1st period still 50 minutes-Others are shortened

Phone in bin…muted or off…please & thank you

Figure 26.2 Can organic molecules form in a reducing atmosphere?

Repeated experiments have formed- All 20 amino acids- several sugars- lipids- purines & pyrimidines- ATP (when phosphate is added) - ALL MONOMERS needed for life

Ch 26: The Tree of Life-An Intro to Biological Diversity

1. What do you know about the origins of life on Earth?2. How was primitive Earth different than current Earth?3. How do we get “the living” from “the non-living?”

- 1920’s Oparin & Haldane postulated early Earth favored rxns that formed organic cmpds from inorganic cmpds

- 1953 Miller-Urey experiment test Oparin& Haldane’s hypothesis4. How were monomers connected to make polymers?

- Sydney Fox dripped monomers on hot sand, clay or rocks - Created proteinoids – polypeptides created by abiotic means

5. What’s next?- Protobionts – abiotically produced molecules surrounded by a

membrane- Primitive cells- Coacervate – stable protobiont droplet that self-assembles when a

suspension of macromolecules is shaken- Imprecise reproduction- Simple metabolism & excitability (similar to neurons)

6. How does natural selection fit in?- Protobionts best suited to their environment could reproduce & create

others best suited to their environment

Figure 26.4 Laboratory versions of protobionts

20 m

(a) Simple reproduction. This lipo-some is “giving birth” to smallerliposomes (LM).

(b) Simple metabolism. If enzymes—in this case, phosphorylase and amylase—are included in the solution from which the droplets self-assemble, some liposomes can carry out simple metabolic reactions and export the products.

Glucose-phosphate

Glucose-phosphate

Phosphorylase

Starch

Amylase

Maltose

Maltose

Phosphate

Primitive glycolysis – common to all organisms

Ch 26: The Tree of Life-An Intro to Biological Diversity

1. What do you know about the origins of life on Earth?2. How was primitive Earth different than current Earth?3. How do we get “the living” from “the non-living?”4. How were monomers connected to make polymers?5. What’s next?

- Protobionts – abiotically produced molecules surrounded by a membrane

- Primitive cells- Imprecise reproduction- Simple metabolism & excitability (similar to neurons)

6. How does natural selection fit in?- Protobionts best suited to their environment could reproduce & create

others best suited to their environment7. What was the first genetic material?

- RNA – single stranded- Ribozymes – can replicate RNA

Figure 26.5 A ribozyme capable of replicating RNA

Ribozyme(RNA molecule)

Template

Nucleotides

Complementary RNA copy

3

5 5

- Collections of RNA molecules best suited for their environment replicate their RNA & reproduce- mRNA, rRNA, tRNA all interact with each other now during translation

Ch 26: The Tree of Life-An Intro to Biological Diversity

1. What do you know about the origins of life on Earth?2. How was primitive Earth different than current Earth?3. How do we get “the living” from “the non-living?”4. How were monomers connected to make polymers?5. What’s next?6. How does natural selection fit in?7. What was the first genetic material?8. What is the origin of photosynthesis?

- Cyanobacteria (formerly known as blue-green algae)- H2S metabolizing bacteria mutated to use…….- H2O- Released O2 reacted with dissolved iron- Formed iron oxide precipitate

Figure 26.12 Banded iron formations: evidence of oxygenic photosynthesis

Ch 26: The Tree of Life-An Intro to Biological Diversity

1. What do you know about the origins of life on Earth?2. How was primitive Earth different than current Earth?3. How do we get “the living” from “the non-living?”4. How were monomers connected to make polymers?5. What’s next?6. How does natural selection fit in?7. What was the first genetic material?8. What is the origin of photosynthesis?

- Cyanobacteria (formerly known as blue-green algae)- H2S metabolizing bacteria mutated to use…….- H2O- Released O2 reacted with dissolved iron- Formed iron oxide precipitate

9. How did eukaryotes originate?- Endosymbiosis

Figure 26.13 Endosymbiosis

Serial endosymbiosis gave rise to proposed phylogenetic tree

(a) Aerobic prokaryote (b) Photosynthetic prokaryote

0.2 m 1 m

Respiratorymembrane

Thylakoidmembranes

Figure 28.3 Diversity of plastids produced by secondary endosymbiosis

Cyanobacterium

Heterotrophiceukaryote

Primaryendosymbiosis

Red algae

Green algae

Secondaryendosymbiosis

Secondaryendosymbiosis

Plastid

Dinoflagellates

Apicomplexans

Ciliates

Stramenopiles

Euglenids

Chlorarachniophytes

Plastid

Alv

eola

tes

Plastid – plant organelle

Students-Get handout – Verbs & FRQ Dos & Don’ts

-BLAST due on Monday

-Today: In-class FRQ-Tomorrow: Grading FRQ

-Monday: Review – content, math, LLs-Tuesday: FRQ test – LL due-Wednesday: MC & math test

Ch 26: The Tree of Life-An Intro to Biological Diversity1. What do you know about the origins of life on Earth?2. How was primitive Earth different than current Earth?3. How do we get “the living” from “the non-living?”4. How were monomers connected to make polymers?5. What’s next?6. How does natural selection fit in?7. What was the first genetic material?8. What is the origin of photosynthesis?9. How did eukaryotes originate?10.What is the evidence for endosymbiosis?

- Similarities between bacteria and mitochondria & chloroplasts- Size- Reproduction by binary fission- Small, circular genomes- DNA sequence- Enzymes & transport systems- tRNA & ribosomes for transcription & translation

- Current endosymbiotic relationships11. Natural selection over millions of years

- led to a diversity of the 1st prokaryotes- Diversity of organisms led to classification

Figure 26.22 One current view of biological diversity

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Domain Archaea Domain Eukarya

Universal ancestor

Domain Bacteria

Chapter 27 Chapter 28

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Chapter 29 Chapter 30 Chapter 28 Chapter 31 Chapter 32 Chapters 33, 34