Student Name: · Web viewStudent Name: ____________________________________________________________ BIOLOGY 2014. Unit. 1. Key Topic Test . 6 – The circulatory system. Recommended

Student Name: ____________________________________________________________

BIOLOGY 2014 Unit 1 Key Topic Test 6 – The circulatory system

Recommended writing time*: 45 minutes Total number of marks available: 45 marks

QUESTION BOOK * The recommended writing time is a guide to the time students should take to complete this

test. Teachers may wish to alter this time and can do so at their own discretion.

TSSM 2014 Page 1 of 14

2014 BIOLOGY KEY TOPIC TEST

Conditions and restrictions

• Students are permitted to bring into the room for this test: pens, pencils, highlighters, erasers, sharpeners and rulers.

• Students are NOT permitted to bring into the room for this test: blank sheets of paper and/or white out liquid/tape. Materials supplied Question and answer book of 14 pages.

Instructions

• Print your name in the space provided on the top of the front page.

• All written responses must be in English. TSSM 2014 Page 2 of 15


Students are NOT permitted to bring mobile phones and/or any other unauthorised electronic communication devices into the room for this test. SECTION A – Multiple-choice questions

Instructions for Section A Select the response that is most correct for the question. A correct answer scores 1, an incorrect answer scores 0. Marks are not deducted for incorrect answers. If more than 1 answer is completed for any question, no mark will be given.

Question 1 Each of the following factors will alter in an individual who is exercising compared to an individual at rest.

1) Heart rate (beats per minute) 2) Blood flow to the muscles 3) Blood flow to the digestive tract 4) Breathing rate (breaths per minute)

Which of the following statements is most correct?

A. 1, 2 and 3 will all increase B. 1 and 2 will increase, 3 and 4 will decrease C. 2 and 3 will increase, 4 will decrease D. 1, 2 and 4 will increase, 3 will decrease

Question 2 The graph below shows an approximation of the relationship between blood pressure and cardiac output. Cardiac

output

Blood pressure Which of the following statements about this relationship is supported by the data?



A. Cardiac output deceases as blood pressure increase B. An increase in blood pressure will increase cardiac output C. Cardiac output remains constant as blood pressure changes D. Changes to blood pressure and cardiac output are inversely proportional

Question 3 After blood leaves the capillaries of the lungs, the next structure that it will enter is the:

A. Left atrium B. Right ventricle C. Left ventricle D. Right atrium

Question 4 Which of the following correctly identifies the purpose of atrioventricular valves in the heart?

A. To maintain a constant blood pressure in all chambers of the heart B. To ensure that all of the chambers fill with blood at the same time C. To ensure that blood flow in the heart is maintained in a single direction D. To ensure that

blood flows through the heart at a constant rate Question 5 Which of the following statements correctly compares the lymphatic system and the arterial system?

A. Neither arteries or lymph vessels have valves B. The arterial system transports substances in a single direction, fluid flows through the

lymphatic system in two directions C. Both systems are connected to a pumping organ D. Both systems rely on the contraction of cardiac muscle in order for fluid to flow

Question 6 Which of the following correctly identifies the main function of capillaries?

A. They allow blood to flow away from the heart B. They connect the heart with other major organs C. They divert the flow of blood to the most active cells D. They are the site where exchange of nutrients and gases occurs

Question 7 Which of the following statements is always true of veins?



A. They always transport oxygenated blood B. They carry blood to and from the heart C. They are connected to the left and right atria D. They have rigid, inflexible walls

Question 8 Which of the following is a characteristic of systemic circulation in humans?

A. Pressure is higher in the veins than in the arteries B. Arterial blood is oxygenated C. The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood D. Venous blood is oxygenated

Question 9 Fluid tends to leave the circulatory system, especially across the capillaries. Which system prevents this fluid from accumulating in the body's tissues?

A. Lymphatic system B. Restorative system C. Transport system D. Vascular system

Question 10 Which of the following blood vessels would contain blood with the highest carbon dioxide concentration?

A. Aorta B. Carotid artery C. Pulmonary artery D. Pulmonary vein



SECTION B - Short-answer or Analysis questions

Instructions for Section Answer all questions in the spaces provided.

Question 1 The graph below shows the relative volume of the compounds and structures that make up blood.

a. Based on the information provided, identify which compound contributes the greatest

volume to blood.

________________________________________________________________________ 1 mark

b. What is the name given to the fluid component of blood?


Components of blood

solutesOther Platelets Proteins

cellsWhite blood

cellsRed blood Fluid

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0


________________________________________________________________________

1 mark A sample of blood is taken and a slide is prepared by smearing the blood onto the slide. The picture below shows the structures present in the blood sample.

c. Does the information shown in the picture correspond well with the information shown in

the graph? Use information from both to provide a reason to support your answer.

________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 2 marks

d. Identify a structure that is present in the white blood cells, but absent in the red blood

cells. Explain why the lack of this structure improves the ability of the red blood cells to carry out their function.


cell blood

Red

cell blood White


________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 2 marks

A sample of blood is placed into a test tube and then centrifuged. The diagram below shows what happened after the blood had settled. There are two fractions; a clear liquid in the upper half of the test tube and a denser opaque layer.

Layer 1

Layer 2

e. Which layer is more likely to contain the red blood cells? Provide a reason to support your answer. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________



________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 2 marks

Total 8 marks Question 2 The diagram below represents a cross section of a heart.



a. Correctly identify the four chambers of the heart. Write the abbreviations provided onto the above diagram. LA = left atrium RA = right atrium LV = left ventricle RV = right ventricle

2 marks

b. Identify structure A. State the purpose of this structure. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 2 marks


Point E

Point D

Structure C

BStructure

Structure A


c. During the development of a foetus there is generally a hole in the heart at point D. Discuss how the presence of this hole would affect blood circulation. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 1 mark

d. Identify structure C. Identify a part of the body which will not be supplied with blood by this structure. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 2 marks

e. It is possible for blockages to occur in blood vessels. Explain why the cardiac muscle cells may cease to function if there is a blockage at point E. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 2 marks



f. The human heart is referred to as being a double pump. Explain the meaning of this term. Identify the pathways taken by blood in the circulatory system. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 2 marks

Total 11 marks Question 3

a. Compare the attributes of arteries, capillaries and veins by filling in all of the blank spaces in the following table.

VESSEL TYPE VESSEL WALL

(Degree of thickness) DIRECTION BLOOD IS TRANSPORTED

PRESENCE VALVES

OF

Arteries

Capillaries

Veins

4 marks

b. Identify the link between the direction in which blood is transported and the presence of valves in the blood vessels transporting the blood. Provide a reason to support your answer. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________



________________________________________________________________________ 2 marks

Total 6 marks Question 4 The chambers of the heart contract during a stage called systole and relax during another stage called diastole. On the left side of the heart the atrium and ventricle are separated by the bicuspid valve and the ventricle and aorta are separated by the semilunar valve.

a. If the left atrium is in systole, what stage will the left ventricle be in? Provide a reason to

support your answer.

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________ 2 marks

b. If the left ventricle is in systole, identify what will happen to the semilunar valves and the pressure in the aorta.

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________ 2 marks



c. Cardiac regurgitation occurs when a valve in the heart doesn't close properly. Blood leaks backwards from the ventricle into the atrium. Valves which have become damaged can be replaced by synthetic valves. If the left side of the heart is damaged, where would the synthetic valve be placed? Provide a reason to support your answer.

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________ 2 marks Total 6 marks

Question 5 Pressure in the chambers of the heart is measured in millimetres of mercury (mmHg). The pressure in each of the chambers changes as the cardiac cycle progresses. In ventricle A the pressure increases from 10mmHg to 25mmHg In ventricle B the pressure increases from 10mmHg to 110mmHg

a. Identify which of the ventricles is the left ventricle. Use the data to provide a reason to support your answer.

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________ 2 marks



b. During the majority of the cardiac cycle, the pressure in the ventricles is lower than that of the atria. Explain why this pressure difference is necessary.

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________ 1 mark

c. Discuss when the pressure in the ventricles would be higher than the pressure in the atria.

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________ 1 mark

Total 4 marks

END OF KEY TOPIC TEST


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Student Name: · Web viewStudent Name: ____________________________________________________________ BIOLOGY 2014. Unit. 1. Key Topic Test . 6 – The circulatory system. Recommended