Stress Managment

CHAPTER-1

(1.1) INTRODUCTION TO HRM

Human Resource Management is an art of managing people at work in such a manner that they give their best to the organization. In simple word human resource management refers to the quantitative aspects of employees working in an organization.

Human Resource Management is also a management function concerned with hiring, motivating, and maintains people in an organization. It focuses on people in organization.

Organizations are not mere bricks, mortar, machineries or inventories. They are people. It is the staff who manages organizations.

HRM involves the application of management functions and principles. The functions and principles are applied to acquisitioning, developing, maintain, and remunerating employees in organizations.

Decisions relating to employees must be integrated. Decision on different aspect of employees must be consistent with other human resource decisions.

Decision made must influence the effectiveness of organization. Effectiveness of an organization must result in betterment of services to customers in the form of high-quality product supplied at reasonable costs.

HRM function s is not confined to business establishment only. They are applicable to non-business organizations, too such as education, health care, recreation etc.

The scope of HRM is indeed vast. All major activities in the working life of his or her entry into an organization until he or she leaves-come under the previews of HRM.specifically, the activities included are HR planning, job analysis and be sign, recruitment and selection, orientation and placement, training and development, performance appraisal and job evaluation, employee and executive remuneration, motivation and communication, welfare, safety and health, industrial relations and the like.

HRM is a broad concept Personnel management and human resource development is a part of HRM.

Human resource management plays an important role in the development process of modern economy. In fact it is said that all the development comes from the human mind.

KES SHROFF COLLEGE Page 1

“ Human Resource Management is a process of producing development, maintaining and

controlling human resources for effective achievement of organization goals.”


(1.2) INTRODUCTION TO STRESS

A lot of research has been conducted into stress over the last hundred years. Some of the theories behind it are now settled and accepted; others are still being researched and debated. During this time, there seems to have been something approaching open warfare between competing theories and definitions: Views have been passionately held and aggressively defended.

What complicates this is that intuitively we all feel that we know what stress is, as it is something we have all experienced.

Definition:

Hans Selye was one of the founding fathers of stress research. His view in 1956 was that “stress is not necessarily something bad – it all depends on how you take it. The stress of exhilarating, creative successful work is beneficial, while that of failure, humiliation or infection is detrimental.” Selye believed that the biochemical effects of stress would be experienced irrespective of whether the situation was positive or negative.

Since then, a great deal of further research has been conducted, and ideas have moved on. Stress is now viewed as a "bad thing", with a range of harmful biochemical and long-term effects. These effects have rarely been observed in positive situations.

The most commonly accepted definition of stress (mainly attributed to Richard S Lazarus) is that stress is a condition or feeling experienced when a person perceives that “demands exceed the personal and social resources the individual is able to mobilize.” In short, it's what we feel when we think we've lost control of events.

This is the main definition used by this section of Mind Tools, although we also recognize that there is an intertwined instinctive stress response to unexpected events. The stress response inside us is therefore part instinct and part to do with the way we think.

The types of stress are as follows

Mechanical

Stress (physics), the average amount of force exerted per unit area.

Yield stress, the stress at which a material begins to deform plastically.

Compressive stress, the stress applied to materials resulting in their compaction.


Biological

Stress (biological), physiological or psychological stress; some types include:

o Chronic stress, persistent stress which can lead to illness and mental disorder

o Eustress, positive stress that can lead to improved long-term functioning

o Workplace stress, stress caused by employment

Music

Accent (music).

Stress (band), an early '80s melodic rock band from San Diego.

Stress (punk band), an early '80s punk rock band from Athens.

Stress (Neo-Psychedelic band), from the late 1980's.

Stress, a song by the French band Justice on their debut album

Other

Stress (game), card game

Stress (linguistics), phonological use of prominence in language

Stress (physics), the average amount of force exerted per unit area.

Stress is a measure of the average amount of force exerted per unit area. It is a measure of the intensity of the total internal forces acting within a body across imaginary internal surfaces, as a reaction to external applied forces and body forces. It was introduced into the theory of elasticity by Cauchy around 1822. Stress is a concept that is based on the concept of continuum. In general, stress is expressed as

Where

Is the average stress, also called engineering or nominal stress, and

Is the force acting over the area .


Chronic Stress

Chronic stress is stress that lasts a long time or occurs frequently. Chronic stress is potentially damaging.

Symptoms of chronic stress can be:

upset stomach

headache

backache

insomnia

anxiety

depression

anger

In the most severe cases it can lead to panic attacks or a panic disorder.

There are a variety of methods to control chronic stress, including exercise, healthy diet, stress management, relaxation techniques, adequate rest, and relaxing hobbies.

Ensuring a healthy diet containing magnesium may help control or eliminate stress, in those individuals with lower levels of magnesium or those who have a magnesium deficiency. Chronic stress can also lead to a magnesium deficiency, which can be a factor in continued chronic stress, and a whole host of other negative medical conditions caused by a magnesium deficiency.

It has been discovered that there is a huge upsurge in the number of people who suffer from this condition. A very large number of these new cases suffer from insomnia.

In a review of the scientific literature on the relationship between stress and disease, the authors found that stress plays a role in triggering or worsening depression and cardiovascular disease and in speeding the progression of HIV/AIDS.

Before we define “Human Resource Management”, it seems good to first define heterogeneous in the sense that they differ in personality, perception, emotions, values, attitudes, motives, and modes of thoughts.


(1.3) OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

This project gives us a detailed idea of what is stress and also the definition of stress is been

defined. For more detailed study the types of the stress is also defined. By looking at the starting

of the project you will find:

o Introduction to Human resource

o Introduction and Definition of stress

o Stress in biological terms

o What is stress?

o Coping with stress at work place.

o Stress management

o Workplace stress

o Reducing of stress.


(1.4) RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

PRIMARY DATA:

Questionnaire research design proceeds in an orderly and specific manner. Each item

in the flow chart depends upon the successful completion of all the previous items. Therefore, it

is important not to skip a single step. Notice that there are two feedback loops in the flow chart to

allow revisions to the methodology and instruments.

Design Methodology

Determine Feasibility

Develop Instruments

Select Sample

Revise Instruments

Conduct Research

Analyze Data

Prepare Report

(1.5) LIMATIONS OF THE PROJECT

The questionnaires were filled be 35 employees working in the two major Banks of Gwalior i.e.

Axis Bank, and HDFC Bank . So the scope of sample findings was less.

The questionnaire was filled by 35 employees of different designations. So the point of view of

employees differs as per their designations.

The employees from whom the questionnaires are filled are in a heavy workload so some of the

questionnaires filled by the employees who are in stress cannot be called reasonable.

The responses of the employees cannot be accurate as the problem of language and

understanding arises. (These problems are not in all cases.)


One of the other problems of questionnaire is the cost. Some times it may be possible that even

by spending so much the result may not be reasonable.

Many a times the employees may not be really conscious or may not be bothered about the

questionnaire. This may create a problem in the research.

(1.6) SCOPE OF THE STUDY

This project consist of the information about the employees undergoing from stress

who working in the banks. So considering this factor this topic becomes one of the most

important part of the project as it consists of the opinion of the employees who work in the

banks. In short it was a direct interview of the employees who gave their opinion about how to

reduce stress. The response of employees in the major banks of Mumbai like, The AXIS Bank,

and The HDFC bank was marvelous and they have given their valuable opinion about reducing

stress as a result of the last question included in the questionnaire.


CHAPTER-2

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Employee’s opinion about how to reduce stress







stress as a result of the last question included in the questionnaire 2. So the opinion if the

employees were as follows:

“Just smile away” An employee- HDFC Bank

“Just believe in yourself and just do what your heart wants” An employee- HDFC Bank

-“Talking to family members, - Watching TV or listening good music, - Going for a walk or long

drive” An employee- HDFC Bank

“Believe in God” An employee- HDFC Bank

“Respect yourself and give time to yourself” An employee- HDFC Bank

“Working in environment welfares, lot of positive attitude. Positive attitude is only that reduces

stress and achieves success. Most of the people frustrate due to lack of positivity and stress level

climbs up due to that. So get positive attitude about work, about life, and forget the stress” An

employee- AXIS Bank

“We should do such activities from which we get happiness and also make others happy. Pass

your time with your close friends and relatives.” An employee- AXIS Bank

“Play and watch cricket” An employee- AXIS Bank

“Listen music and spend time with family” An employee- AXIS Bank

“Get adjusted with others, Find and spend time for prayer, Study the scriptures, See oneness in

all, All are manifested of the supreme GOD” An employee- AXIS Bank


These opinions are seemed to be valuable and effective as one of the effective things has been

noticed that the employees who have got less than 18 marks in the Burnout test have given their

opinions about reducing the stress.

It is also noticed that in the AXIS bank Mumbai in the time of afternoon slow

instrumental music are been played so that the employees can work stress free. This is one of the

positive things which are seen in the organization who is caring for their employees. This will

help the organization to boost up the productivity.

From the certain sample of employees selected for the research, only 10 employees

have given their opinion how to reduce stress. So we can understand that how overloaded the

employees of the bank are.


CHAPTER-3

CONSUPTUAL FRAMEWORK

It is analyzed from the questionnaire filled by the employees that from the sample

of 35 bank employees who have been surveyed, one is found to be a heart patient. This can be

because of high level of stress.

In the stress analysis questionnaire one of the question was “You have an important

function at your home and your boss asks to give a 4 hour over time what will be your response

‘Yes or No’?” the employees have given their opinion as per their mood.

While considering the point of view of entertainment it depends upon the mood of

the employees. The entertainment is considered one of the most ultimate solutions to reduce

stress. Most of the employees do not spend regular time in entertainment. This may be because

they may not be getting time for entertainment or they may not be interested in the same.

One of the questions was asked that were their social life balanced? It is observed

that the employees who have scored above 20 marks in the burnout test did not have their social

life balanced. Thus we can conclude that the employees who are above 20 don’t have their social

life balanced. Thus it is proved that stress may affect our social life also.

The employees were asked weather they plan their work or not, moderate answers

were given. The employees scoring more than 25 marks were not found their work planned.

Thus the employees who plan their work have scored below 25 marks in the burnout test except

some cases as there are always some drawbacks in making plan. Failure of a plan may also lead a

person to stress. Thus we can conclude that planning of the work may help to reduce stress level.

Most of the employees who have scored more than 20 marks fear about their quality

of work they give. This aspect is not dependent of the burnout level. This aspect depends upon

the dedication of work. So it is meaningless to compare this question with the burnout test.

A question was asked that weather you get stressed at the non-achievement of their

target? All the employees have responded positively. But this is not concern with the burnout


score. From this we can conclude that all the employees are given achievable target and naturally

by the non-achievement of the target all the employees may get stressed. One of the other

possibilities is that the employees have responded positively to show themselves to be good.

The employees having more than 10 marks in the burnout test says that they are

under stress. Out of 35 employees of the sample 20 of the employees accepted that the reason for

their stress is workload. 10 employees are not stressed because of the workload but because of

their family problem. 5 of the employees are not suffering from stress. 14 employees out of 30

employees who are stressed feel stressful when their boss scolds them while 16 employees

refused that they are not stressed because their boss scolds them. All the 30 employees have

accepted that they try to find the solution of their stress. 10 employees out of 30 employees

practice yoga to reduce their stress and the other 20 employees don’t practice yoga. The burnout

scores of the employees who practice yoga are either more than 25 or less than 20. Thus we can

conclude that the employees have reduced their stress by yoga therapy and other employees have

just started the yoga because of high level of burnout

The above analysis is done by the data received from the questionnaire. So the

accuracy of data depends upon the response of the employees.


CHAPTER-4

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Sample: I have taken the sample of 35 employees from three different banks of Mumbai. All the employees were of the same designations.

Reason: As we find the employees of the bank to be more stressful as more and more employees are taking VRS and are dismissed because of inflation. I have selected only those three banks which are affiliated to the public and are specialized in consumer needs fulfillment.

It is incumbent on the researcher to clearly define the target population. There are no strict rules to follow, and the researcher must rely on logic and judgment. The population is defined in keeping with the objectives of the study.

Sometimes, the entire population will be sufficiently small, and the researcher can include the entire population in the study. This type of research is called a census study because data is gathered on every member of the population.

Usually, the population is too large for the researcher to attempt to survey all of its members. A small, but carefully chosen sample can be used to represent the population. The sample reflects the characteristics of the population from which it is drawn.

Sampling methods are classified as either probability or non probability. In probability samples, each member of the population has a known non-zero probability of being selected. Probability methods include random sampling, systematic sampling, and stratified sampling. In non probability sampling, members are selected from the population in some nonrandom manner. These include convenience sampling, judgment sampling, quota sampling, and snowball sampling. The advantage of probability sampling is that sampling error can be calculated. Sampling error is the degree to which a sample might differ from the population. When inferring to the population, results are reported plus or minus the sampling error. In non probability sampling, the degree to which the sample differs from the population remains unknown.

Random sampling is the purest form of probability sampling. Each member of the population has an equal and known chance of being selected. When there are very large populations, it is often difficult or impossible to identify every member of the population, so the pool of available subjects becomes biased.


Systematic sampling is often used instead of random sampling. It is also called an Nth name selection technique. After the required sample size has been calculated, every Nth record is selected from a list of population members. As long as the list does not contain any hidden order, this sampling method is as good as the random sampling method. Its only advantage over the random sampling technique is simplicity. Systematic sampling is frequently used to select a specified number of records from a computer file.

Stratified sampling is commonly used probability method that is superior to random sampling because it reduces sampling error. A stratum is a subset of the population that shares at least one common characteristic. The researcher first identifies the relevant stratums and their actual representation in the population. Random sampling is then used to select subjects from each stratum until the number of subjects in that stratum is proportional to its frequency in the population. Stratified sampling is often used when one or more of the stratums in the population have a low incidence relative to the other stratums.

Convenience sampling is used in exploratory research where the researcher is interested in getting an inexpensive approximation of the truth. As the name implies, the sample is selected because they are convenient. This non-probability method is often used during preliminary research efforts to get a gross estimate of the results, without incurring the cost or time required to select a random sample.

Judgment sampling is a common non-probability method. The researcher selects the sample based on judgment. This is usually and extension of convenience sampling. For example, a researcher may decide to draw the entire sample from one "representative" city, even though the population includes all cities. When using this method, the researcher must be confident that the chosen sample is truly representative of the entire population.

Quota sampling is the non-probability equivalent of stratified sampling. Like stratified sampling, the researcher first identifies the stratums and their proportions as they are represented in the population. Then convenience or judgment sampling is used to select the required number of subjects from each stratum. This differs from stratified sampling, where the stratums are filled by random sampling.

Snowball sampling is a special non-probability method used when the desired sample characteristic is rare. It may be extremely difficult or cost prohibitive to locate respondents in these situations. Snowball sampling relies on referrals from initial subjects to generate additional subjects. While this technique can dramatically lower search costs, it comes at the expense of introducing bias because the technique itself reduces the likelihood that the sample will represent a good cross section from the population.


CHAPTER-5

Data analysis and Interpretation

The project report shows the information of the level of stress which the employees are facing as the period of recession is going the employee cut-off and turnover ratios are found to be high so the workload for the existing employees are high. So they are facing the problem of work overload and thus they get stressed.

Let’s have a watch on the basic data of the survey:

1. Are you satisfied with the performance you give at your work?

From the diagram it is clear that 77 % of the employees are satisfied with the performance they

give in the work while 23 % of the employees are not satisfied.


77%

23%

Response

Yes No No response

Yes No No response

27 8 0

2. Do you think that you are suffering from depression?

20 % of the employee feel that they are suffering from depression while 80 % of the

employee feel that that they are free from the depression


20%

80%

Response

Yes No No response

Yes No No response

7 28 0

3. Do you worry about your colleague's opinion about you?

Yes No No response

9 26 0

26% of the employees worry about their colleague’s opinion about them while 74% of the

employees are not concern with the opinion about their colleague.


26%

74%

Response

Yes No No response

4. Do you discuss your problem with your spouse or friend or any other close to you?

91% of the employees of the bank discuss their problem and share their feelings with their

spouse or friends or others while 9 % of the employee is not concerned with it.


89%

11%

Response

Yes No No response

Yes No No response

32 3 0

5. Do you work more than 8 hours?

89% of the employees work for more than 8 hours which is the starting point of the stress while

11 % of the employees don’t work for more than 8 hours.


89%

11%

Response

Yes No No response

Yes No No response

31 4 0

6. You have an important function at your home and your boss asks to give a 4 hour over

time, what will be your response?

Yes No No response

14 19 2

40 % of the employees are proved to be work dedicated and they are ready to miss the

important function at their house while 54 % of the employees said no and 6 % of the employee

did not gave any answer.


40%

54%

6%

Response

Yes No No response

7. Do you regularly spend time for entertainment?

57% of the employee spent regular time on entertainment which helps us to remain stress free

while 43 % of the employees don’t do that.


57%

43%

Response

Yes No No response

Yes No No response

20 15 0

8. Is your social life balanced?

54 % of the employees find their social life to be balanced while 40 % of the employees don’t

have their social life balanced. 6% of the employees remain silent.


54%40%

6%

Response

Yes No No response

Yes No No response

19 14 2

9. Do you plan your work before doing?

It is a good habit to plan the work you do. 89 % of the employees plan their work before doing

while 11 % of the employees don’t plan their work.


89%

11%

Response

Yes No No response

Yes No No response

31 4 0

10. Do you fear about the quality of your performance?

63% of the employees fear the quality of performance which they give while 37 % of the

employees don’t fear the quality of their work.


63%

37%

Response

Yes No No response

Yes No No response

1 34 0

11. Are you a heart patient?

Here

3 %

of

the

employees are heart patient which is partially the result of stress.


77%

23%

Response

Yes No No response

Yes No No response

22 13 0

12. Do you get tensed at your non achievement of your target?

Yes No No response

25 10 0

71% of the employees get tensed at the non achievement of the target while 29 % of the

employees work casually.

13. Do you feeling stress some times?

Yes No No response


71%

29%

Response

Yes No No response

28 6 1

80% of the employees feel stressed sometimes while 17 % of the employees are not feeling

stressed. 3 % of the employees did not respond.

If the answer of the above question is ‘Yes’ then answer the following:

a) Is the reason of your stress your work load?


80%

17%

3%

Response

Yes No No response

57% of the employees find themselves to be stressed by their work over load. 26 % of the

employees are not stressed because of the work overload. 17 % of the employees did not

answer.

b) Are you stressed because of your family problems?


57%26%

17%

Response

Yes No No response

Yes No No response

20 9 6

40 % of the employees are stressed because of their family problems 40% by other problems

while 20% of the employees did not responded.

c) Do you get stressed when your boss scolds you?


40%

40%

20%

Response

Yes No No response

Yes No No response

14 14 7

Yes No No response

10 18 7

20% of the employee did not responded when they were asked weather their get stressed

because of the scolding of their boss. 51% of the employees don’t get stress because of the

scolding of their boss. 29 % of the employees get stressed because of the scolding of their

boss.

d) Do you try to find any solution for the problem of your stress?


29%

51%

20%

Response

Yes No No response

69 % of the employees try to find the solution of their stress.

e) (IF YES) Do you practice yoga or any other ayurvedic therapy for reducing stress?


69%

17%

14%

Response

Yes No No response

Yes No No response

24 6 5

Yes No No response

11 18 6

31% of the employees try the yoga and other ayurvedic techniques to reduce their

stress while 51 % of the employees use other techniques to reduce stress.

CHAPTER-6

(6.1) RECOMMENDATIONS






31%

51%

17%

Response

Yes No No response



stress as a result of the last question included in the questionnaire.

These opinions are seemed to be valuable and effective as one of the effective things

has been noticed that the employees who have got less than 18 marks in the Burnout test have

given their opinions about reducing the stress.

It is also noticed that in the AXIS bank Mumbai in the time of afternoon slow

instrumental music are been played so that the employees can work stress free. This is one of the

positive things which are seen in the organization who is caring for their employees. This will

help the organization to boost up the productivity.

From the certain sample of employees selected for the research, only 10 employees

have given their opinion how to reduce stress. So we can understand that how overloaded the

employees of the bank are.

(6.2) CONCLUSION

The study of human resource management is one of the major criteria in the Health care

and corporate sector. Human resource is the heart of the organization. By this research

project we will be able to know to reduce the stress level of the employees working in the

bank. By this way the performance of the employee increases.

Now a day the corporate sector is booming in a high speed that the people have to work for

prolonged hours to maintain the standard of living and achieve their basic needs. So is the


condition in the hospitals, colleges, BPO’s and lots of other places. In spit of having the

modern technologies and facilities, people are feeling themselves to be work loaded and

stressed. Stress arises because of many reasons which are discussed in the following

project. The project report also contain techniques how to reduce the stress and overcome

such problems.

To identify the level of stress among the people who work I have tried to survey the people

working in hospitals, banks and other industries as well as institutes. Stress arises because

of unfulfilled wants, lack of job satisfaction etc.


(6.3) BIBLIOGRAPHY

o www.mindtool.com

o www.citehr.com

o http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress_management

o Research Methodology: Methods And Techniques “Dr. C.R. Kothari”

o Organizational Behavior “Stephen P. Robbins”

o Self analysis of questionnaire


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress_management

http://www.citehr.com/

http://www.mindtool.com/

(6.4) ANNEXURE

No Questions Yes No

1 Are you satisfied with the performance you give at your work?

2 Do you think that you are suffering from depression?

3 Do you worry about your colleague's opinion about you?

4 Do you discuss your problem with your spouse or friend or any

other close to you?

5 Do you work more than 8 hours?

6 You have an important function at your home and your boss asks to

give a 4 hour over time, what will be your response?

7 Do you regularly spend time for entertainment?

8 Is your social life balanced?

9 Do you plan your work before doing?

10 Do you fear about the quality of your performance?

11 Are you a heart patient?

12 Do you get tensed at your non achievement of your target?

13 Do you feeling stress some times?

If the answer of the above question is Yes then answer the

following:

a) Is the reason of your stress your work load?

b) Are you stressed because of your family problems?

c) Do you get stressed when your boss scolds You?

d) Do you try to find any solution for the problem of your stress?


e) (IF YES) Do you practice yoga or any other ayurvedic therapy for

reducing stress?


Documents

Stress Managment