Upload
others
View
3
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Advanced Power Electronics -- EPRI Preview
P. M. Grant
13 March 1999
Strategic Initiative
Program
Beyond Silicon…
Advanced Power Electronics for
FACTS Technology
Jerry Melcher
APE Initiative Lead
Energy Delivery and Utilization
Advanced Power Electronics -- EPRI Preview
P. M. Grant
13 March 1999
Strategic Initiative
Program
Initiative Objectives
• Why are we doing this?
• Where are we going?
Advanced Power Electronics -- EPRI Preview
P. M. Grant
13 March 1999
Strategic Initiative
Program
Power Electronics
The Thyristor
Advanced Power Electronics -- EPRI Preview
P. M. Grant
13 March 1999
Strategic Initiative
Program
Thyristor - SCR
Advanced Power Electronics -- EPRI Preview
P. M. Grant
13 March 1999
Strategic Initiative
Program
Power Progress for Si
Advanced Power Electronics -- EPRI Preview
P. M. Grant
13 March 1999
Strategic Initiative
Program
Initiative Objectives
• Why are we doing this?
– Si Power Devices are Reaching Their
Fundamental Limits of Performance.
• Where are we going?
Advanced Power Electronics -- EPRI Preview
P. M. Grant
13 March 1999
Strategic Initiative
Program
The “Diamond”
Structure
Advanced Power Electronics -- EPRI Preview
P. M. Grant
13 March 1999
Strategic Initiative
Program
Si Electrons
3s 3p
Advanced Power Electronics -- EPRI Preview
P. M. Grant
13 March 1999
Strategic Initiative
Program
Physics of
Semiconductors E
k
{ EG
k•p Perturbation Theory
n n
n jj n
n jj n
G v
k
m m
n j
m
m m
n j
m
m mEc v
kk p
pp
pp
b g b g b g b g
b g b g
02
0 0
0 0
12 0 0
0 0
2
2 2 2
2
2
,
,*
*
Advanced Power Electronics -- EPRI Preview
P. M. Grant
13 March 1999
Strategic Initiative
Program
Chemistry of
Semiconductors
Advanced Power Electronics -- EPRI Preview
P. M. Grant
13 March 1999
Strategic Initiative
Program
Initiative Objectives
• Why are we doing this?
– Si Power Devices are Reaching Their
Fundamental Limits of Performance.
• Where are we going?
– SiC and GaN have Breakdown Electrical
Fields ~10 Times Higher than Si. Both 4
Times the Forward Current…at the
Same Unit Cost! (maybe)
Advanced Power Electronics -- EPRI Preview
P. M. Grant
13 March 1999
Strategic Initiative
Program
EPRI/DARPA
13-18 M$, 3 Years • Nasa-Lewis SiC
• Northrup-Grumman SiC
• Vanderbilt University SiC
• Silicon Power Corp SiC
• University of Florida GaN
• Cal Tech GaN
Advanced Power Electronics -- EPRI Preview
P. M. Grant
13 March 1999
Strategic Initiative
Program
Advantages of
Post-Silicon Materials CVD
Property Si 3C SiC (6C SiC) Diamond GaN
Importance
Bandgap (300K) 1.1 2.2 (2.9) 5.5 3.4 Blocking
Voltage
Maximum Operating 500 >900 (>1000) 1400 >800 Limits
Power Flow
Temp (K)
Breakdown Voltage 0.3 4 10 5
Maximum
(Eb, 106 V/cm) Power
Capacity
Hole Mobility 600 40 1600 200
Switching Speed
(RT, cm2/Vs)
Thermal Conductivity 1.5 5 20 1.3 Cooling
Rate
(CT, w/cm)
Advanced Power Electronics -- EPRI Preview
P. M. Grant
13 March 1999
Strategic Initiative
Program
SiC Growth
SiC
Charge
2200 C
Boule
2000 C
Sublimation
6H-SiC Substrate
RF Coils
H2
SiH4
C3H8
HCL
N2
Al(Me)3
CVD
Advanced Power Electronics -- EPRI Preview
P. M. Grant
13 March 1999
Strategic Initiative
Program
SiC: Progress in
Wafer Size
Advanced Power Electronics -- EPRI Preview
P. M. Grant
13 March 1999
Strategic Initiative
Program
SiC: Wafer Price
vs. Year
Advanced Power Electronics -- EPRI Preview
P. M. Grant
13 March 1999
Strategic Initiative
Program
Defects: Micropipes
2 m
Micropipes form to relieve strain around super-screw dislocations.
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
Bu
rger
s vec
tor
squ
are
d,
Å2
30000
0 400 800 1200 1600
core radius, Å
2000
b2
ro
82
Gsurface energy,
= 4 J/m2
shear modulus,
G = 200 GPa b2
ro
16Å
b = 6b0
Advanced Power Electronics -- EPRI Preview
P. M. Grant
13 March 1999
Strategic Initiative
Program
SiC: Micropipe
Density vs. Year
Advanced Power Electronics -- EPRI Preview
P. M. Grant
13 March 1999
Strategic Initiative
Program
SiC:
Record µPipe Density
6
1
2
7
3
4 5
8
Advanced Power Electronics -- EPRI Preview
P. M. Grant
13 March 1999
Strategic Initiative
Program
SiC Thyristor:
Forward Voltage
Advanced Power Electronics -- EPRI Preview
P. M. Grant
13 March 1999
Strategic Initiative
Program
SiC Diode:
Reverse Characterisitics
Advanced Power Electronics -- EPRI Preview
P. M. Grant
13 March 1999
Strategic Initiative
Program
What About GaN
& Diamonds?
See OutPost 8
“Why Diamonds are a Girl’s Best Friend!”